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Spin-dependent thermoelectric (TE) effects are studied in MgO-based double-barrier magnetic tunnel junctions with a non-magnetic metal spacer (DBMTJs-NM) in the linear response regime. Using non-equilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) formalism, the results show resonant peaks at specific thicknesses of the NM spacer because of the resonant tunneling effect through the DBMTJs-NM. Effects of average temperature and magnetization alignment are also described. Therefore, thermally charge and spin voltage lead to large spin-dependent TE effects by the DBMTJs-NM structures.

The structural, magnetic, and electrical properties of new series La0.5Nd0.5Cr1-x Fe x O3 (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0) have been reported. All the phases crystallize in the orthorhombic symmetry with Pbnm space group. The unit cell volume of La0.5Nd0.5Cr1-x Fe x O3 increases monotonically with increasing Fe doping. Magnetization studies showed that all our investigated phases (except x = 0.8 and 1.0) exhibit a paramagnetic–anti-ferromagnetic transition at low temperature. The variation in Neel temperature (T N) with increasing x can be explained in terms of magnetic interactions due to Fe doping. Irreversibility between the zero-field-cooled (ZFC) and field-cooled (FC) magnetization is clearly seen close to T N. All the phases show that insulating behavior and the transport properties are dominated by the polaron hopping mechanism with increase in polaron hopping energy with Fe content.

Techniques for the cavity measurement of the electrical characteristics of the materials are well established using the approximate method due to its simplicity in material insertion and fabrication. However, the exact method which requires more comprehensive mathematical analysis as well, owing to the practical difficulties for the material insertion, is not mostly used while performing the measurements as compared to approximate method in most of the works. In this work the comparative analysis of both the approximate as well as Exact method is performed and accuracy of the Exact method is established by performing the measurements of non-magnetic material Teflon within the cavity.

—We describe an alternative solution to encode information in magnetic films that goes beyond the conventional way of digital magnetic recording. In our approach the information is stored via a continuous variable, namely the remanent coupling angle between two magnetic films that are separated by a nonmagnetic spacer layer. Using the technique of nuclear resonant scattering (NRS) [1, 2] we show with good precision, how this coupling angle can be conveniently adjusted with high degree of remanence by shortly applied external magnetic fields. Moreover this effect is explained using a micromagnetic model [3, 4]. Extremely important for future applications of this concept, we demonstrate, that the remanent coupling angles can be read out via magneto-optical or magneto-resistance effects. In principle, this approach allows to design novel memory cells for advance data storage devices, where multiple states per unit cell can be generated and recorded. Index Terms—Magnetic films, data storage, FePt

In this study, the non-magnetic and the magnetic cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) from Candida rugosa lipase were synthesized to catalyze the kinetic resolution reaction of naproxen m...

Low carbon coal ash—a solid air pollutant from super thermal power plant using pulverized fuel combustor—has been characterized in respect of its physico-chemical, mineralogical, and morphological features. Size-classified fractions with their magnetic and non-magnetic components have also been characterized. Low loss on ignition and particle size distribution profile shows fly ash has high utility. The magic number,10 µm, is attained by greater % of particles. The particles with diameter 50 µm occupy population density of 93%. SEM-EDS reveals that particles are mostly globular with high surface enrichment of Al/Si indicating that it will act as un-reactive inert fillers. In magnetic components, various types of Fe bearing phase are present with less porous and more regular shape than non-magnetic components. Finer fractions have high content of magnetite which is expected to help in coal beneficiation. The finer non-magnetic fraction is a source of alumino-siliceous material for synthesizing a novel solid acid or base catalyst for catalyzing industrially important organic reactions.

It is proved that the use of a variable inhomogeneous magnetic field, created by the superposition of constant and variable, strongly inhomogeneous fields, is considered to be very promising for the separation of non-magnetic fraction from powders of magnetic materials. This article introduces the effective technology of separation of non-magnetic fraction from the sludge wastes of metal production in the electromagnetic field, which allows to destroy the aggregates, to separate the abrasive and to get products of high purity. A complex on processing of grinding sludge includes the following blocks: the loading block with dispenser; block of preliminary squeezing and washing of DRC; the block of drying; the block of a refinement; the block of division of sludge fractions. Experimental approbation of the proposed technological scheme of sludge separation, which had been carried out on iron ore concentrate of class 63 microns with silica content of 4.57% of the mass, showed that with the field parameters close to the calculated, the magnetic vibrating layer of iron powder PZh-4M has the maximum development; increasing the separation time leads to more efficient separation in the interval of field induction gradient from 550 mT/ m to 610 mT/m.

In the present work, we have reported the results based on the effect of Bi-Quadratic Coupling [BQC] as well as the Orange Peel Coupling [OPC] in different Heterogeneous based Spin Torque Nano Oscillator [STNO] device. STNO, comprised of trilayer (X/Cu/Py) (i.e) two ferromagnetic layers separated by a non magnetic spacer. Those Ferro Magnetic [FM] layers are called fixed and free, because the corresponding magnetization tends to be fixed and free. Throughout the macro magnetic framework, Cu is taken as the non magnetic spacer and Py is taken in free layer. X (= Fe and Co) denotes the FM taken in the pinned layer for both the BQC and OPC coupling mechanism. The magnetization switching dynamics of the free layer for all devices are studied by solving the governing Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert-Slonczewski [LLGS] equation. For all the four devices, switching time is calculated in the presence and absence of both BQC and OPC separately. The switching time for BQC based device [Co/Cu/Py] is calculated as 136 ps and 166 ps in the presence and absence respectively. Similar results are found in another BQC based device [Fe/Cu/Py]. The calculated switching time for the device is 135 ps and 181 ps in the presence and absence respectively. As far as the OPC is concerned, the switching time for the device [Co/Cu/Py] is found to be 111 ps and 160 ps in the presence and absence respectively. Relatively, other OPC based device [Fe/Cu/Py] switches 113 ps and 163 ps in the presence and absence respectively. The results depicts that OPC based devices switches rapidly as compared to BQC based devices which are highly applicable in ultra high density recording media.

The ferromagnetism of Au nanograins is analyzed based on a two-dimensional itinerant lattice model with on-site Coulomb repulsion, many-body spin–orbit interactions, and holding two hybridized bands, one correlated and one uncorrelated. Using periodic boundary conditions in both directions, an exact ferromagnetic ground state is deduced for this non-integrable system by applying special techniques based on positive semidefinite operators.

In order to make the atomic magnetometer work, the heater of the atomic vapor cell must ensure that the temperature can be accurately controlled and the magnetic noise should be reduced as much as possible. This work proposed a non-magnetic heater and designed a corresponding temperature control system. It shows that the heater structure has good heat preservation performance and so, control of the heating process is made easy. The test results indicate that the fluctuation range of vapor cell temperature is less than 0.018°C, 0.015°C and 0.006°C respectively at 40°C, 50°C and 60°C. The effect of heater on the magnetic field cannot be observed by fluxgate magnetometer HS-MS-FG3LN-100 (

In this article, the processes of structuring non-magnetic microparticles of various shapes (spherical and cylindrical) placed in magnetic liquid are investigated. It was established that the equilibrium orientation of non-magnetic microparticles and structural formations from them in magnetic and electric fields is determined by the ratio of both field strengths and magnetic and electrical parameters of the carrier medium and material of non-magnetic inclusions. Analysis of mechanisms of interaction of non-magnetic filler particles and orientation of formed structures under the influence of magnetic and electric fields was carried out. It has been found that the action of a uniform magnetic field on a magnetic liquid with a dispersed non-magnetic filler leads to a significant anisotropy of the thermal conductivity coefficient - the difference in the thermal conductivity coefficient in the direction coinciding with the field strength vector and perpendicular to it can reach 25%. The analysis of the detected effect is made on the basis of ideas about the occurrence of structural anisotropy in such a medium due to the structural organization of non-magnetic filler particles in the magnetic field.

A Monte Carlo simulation of the non-equilibrium behavior of multilayer magnetic nanostructure Co/Cu(100)/Co is realized. Calculations of two-time dependent autocorrelation function for structures relaxing from both low-temperature and high-temperature initial states reveal occurrence of aging within a wide range of temperatures at T ≤ Tc .

Passive devices that exhibit release of the drug on demand and have the potential to be switched off and on optimally and effectively are advantageous for the treatment of various diseases including diabetes, chronic pain, and cancer. To this end, drug loaded magnetic and non-magnetic microspheres were prepared herein from the natural, biodegradable and environmentally benign polymer, cellulose. These cellulose microspheres were prepared by dissolving the microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazoliumchloride (BmimCl) and dropping the cellulose solution in water to get the bare cellulose beads (BCBs), whereas the magnetic cellulose beads (MCBs) were prepared in situ through diffusing the BCBs in the solution of magnetite nanoparticles (MNP). A model drug, dopamine (DOPA) was loaded through incubating these beads in optimized drug solution. The encapsulation efficiency of these beads was checked at pH 7.4, and release kinetics was investigated. Drug release from the microspheres was enhanced ~46% under the influence of external magnetic field (EMF). Overall, cellulose beads could be suggested as the naturally occurring and biocompatible drug delivery vehicles for the long-term, on-demand new-age drug delivery vehicles that give high reproducibility of cycle-to cycle and device-to-device drug release.

An evaluation of reduced-size particle powdering methods for the recovery of usable fingermark ridge detail from elephant ivory is presented herein for the first time as a practical and cost-effective tool in forensic analysis. Of two reduced-size powder material types tested, powders with particle sizes ≤ 40 μm offered better chances of recovering ridge detail from unpolished ivory in comparison to a conventional powder material. The quality of developed ridge detail of these powders was also assessed for comparison and automated search suitability. Powder materials and the enhanced ridge detail on ivory were analysed by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and interactions between their constituents and the ivory discussed. The effect of ageing on the quality of ridge detail recovered showed that the best quality was obtained within 1 week. However, some ridge detail could still be developed up to 28 days after deposition. Cyanoacrylate and fluorescently-labelled cyanoacrylate fuming of ridge detail on ivory was explored and was less effective than reduced-scale powdering in general. This research contributes to the understanding and potential application of smaller scale powdering materials for the development of ridge detail on hard, semi-porous biological material typically seized in wildlife-related crimes.

The purpose of the classroom action research in this study was to improve the learning outcomes of Kalas VI students in science learning basic competence to identify magnetic and non-magnetic objects through the demonstration method. This research was conducted in two cycles, with each cycle consisting of one meeting. The procedures in classroom action research include planning, acting, observing, reflecting. Based on the data analysis of the research results, it can be concluded that the use of the demonstration method in science learning basic competence to identify magnetic and non-magnetic objects, is proven to improve learning outcomes of class VI SDN 01 Simpur students with an average value of 60 up to 75 and the percentage of students who have completed from 45% to 88%. The use of the Demonstration method can also increase student learning activeness in science learning, from 18 active students to 29 active students and the percentage of active students from 58% to 92%.

Magnetic fluid separation is a promising area in the field of disposal and recycling of non-magnetic materials. Performance and separation accuracy are important features of any separator. The methods for calculating the productivity offered at this moment have a number of assumptions that can significantly affect the result (constant magnetic permeability of the magnetic fluid, linear change in tension along the height of the gap, etc.), and are applicable only to specific models of separators. The aim of the study is to develop a methodology for calculating the performance of an electromagnetic magnetic fluid separator of non-magnetic materials, taking into account the distribution of the magnetic field in the gap and the influence of the hydrodynamic properties of the magnetic fluid on the movement of particles in the separation zone. The proposed approach allows us to calculate the mass and volumetric capacities of the magnetic fluid separator, the dependences of the capacities for each fraction separately, and the total on various parameters of the separator (for example, on the angle of inclination of the pole pieces). The obtained results can be used to assess the optimality of the adopted parameters when designing a magnetic fluid separator. Also, the results obtained will help optimize the installations already in operation.

Spinel ferrites are the important class of soft magnetic material and are of interest to many researchers due to their excellent electrical and magnetic properties. Magnesium ferrite (MgFe2O4) is one such spinel ferrite with great potential technological applications. In the present study, the magnesium ferrite (Mg0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4) samples were prepared by well-known sol-gel auto-combustion method. The influence of Zn-doping on the structural and magnetic properties was investigated by X-ray diffraction and magnetization studies. The room temperature X-ray diffraction studies of the pure MgFe2O4 and Zn-doped Mg-Fe2O4 (Mg0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4) revealed the formation of single phase cubic spinel structure. The crystallite size obtained from Sherrer’s formula indicated that the Zn-doped and undoped shows nanocrystalline nature with crystallite size 22 nm and 24 nm respectively. The lattice constant (?) was found to be increased after Zn doping. Several other structural parameters are also increased after Zn doping. The magnetic properties were investigated by means of pulse field hysteresis loop technic. The M-H plot exhibits typical ferrimegnetic nature. The saturaturation magnetization increases after Zn doping. The observed magnetic behaviour of Mg0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4 nanocrystalline ferrite was on the basis of theoretical model.

The paper describes features of calculating the magnetization of solid solution based on statistical approach on the example of a one-dimensional crystal. Calculations are made in approximation of Weiss effective field. The result shows the error of the third Gilleo hypothesis, which is still widely used to forecast the magnetic properties of solid solutions.

We report the improvement of superconducting transition temperature (T c) by nonmagnetic rare earth atom substitution for A site in APX-based Zr(P, S)2, Hf(P, Se)2 and Hf(P, S)2 superconductors. The partial non-magnetic rare earth Lu atom substitution at Zr site of ZrPS, as opposed to the case of Zr(P, Se)2, shows that lattice constants a and c decrease monotonically with increasing nominal substitution y. It is shown that the maximum T c for ZrPS was increased from 3.70 K to 6.36 K. In HfP1.55Se0.45, when Hf site is partially substituted with Lu atoms (or Y atoms), lattice constant a shrinks and c expands monotonically with increasing nominal rare earth substitution y. T c was also increased from 4.88 K to 5.89 K. In HfP1.45S0.55, when Hf site is partially substituted with Lu atoms (or Y atoms), lattice constant a shrinks slightly and c expands monotonically with increasing y. T c was also increased from 3.16 K to 5.86 K. In this paper, the doping behaviour by partial substitution and the increase of T c is discussed.

In five years, from 2015 to 2020, the need of coal in Indonesia is doubled to 166.2 million tonnes and increasing up to 2050 as stated in the Indonesian Energy Mix policy. Generally, coal is used in the coal-fired power plan. After the combustion, there are some residual materials such as mineral matter, fly ash and bottom ash (FABA) listed as hazardous materials due to the toxicity and metal contents. Referring to the amount of coal consumption in 2020, the fly ash and bottom ash will be of about 19.92 million tonnes. The utilization of FABA is then become a must thing to do. One of the alternatives is rare earth element (REE) extraction. Indonesian coal contains sufficient amount of REE to extract that is concentrated in the FABA to the value of more than 400 ppm. Regarding to the REE mode of occurrence that is mostly concentrated in the glass form or amorphous silicate, this study was conducted in order to observe the effect of sodium hydroxide to breakage the amorphous silicate structure. In order to obtain the amorphous silicate, magnetic separator was applied. Based on the XRF analysis, the non-magnetic fly ash (amorphous silicate of glass form) contained major elements of SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, CaO, MgO and the rest were minor and trace elements such as Na2O, K2O, Cr2O3, MnO, SrO and P2O5. The particle size of the amorphous silicate is less than < 38 μm (- 400 mesh). To run the experiments, sodium hydroxide was used as the reagent with varied concentrations of 6 M, 8 M and 10 M. Other variables were temperature of 28 0C (room temperature), 60 0C and 90 0C and residence time of 2, 4, and 6 hour. Based on the results analysis, the amorphous silicate was decomposed to the most of about 22 % at 90 0C of temperature, 10 M of sodium hydroxide concentration, and 6 hour of residence time.

Thermodynamic properties and phase transitions in 2d weakly diluted Potts model on a square lattice are investigated by the Monte Carlo method. We consider the systems with linear sizes L × L = N, L = 10–160. Using the fourth order Binder cumulant method, it was shown that the introduction of non-magnetic impurities into the spin system described by the two-dimensional Potts model with q = 5 leads to a change in the first-order phase transition to the second-order phase transition.

This paper identifies a field with challenging well operating conditions for OCTG Corrosion logging in gas well that include pressure, temperature, carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and well completed with high Ni corrosion resistant alloys (CRA). This case study, describes how periodic well interventions to measure the wall thickness of various strings, required specialised technologies in gas well to the high chromium and nickel content in the tubing which reduces the magnetic properties of the string(s). All well interventions require careful tool selection, planning and implementation, however when the conditions are extreme and present HSE related issues, the planning must reflect a greater level of detail and understanding. Additionally, the logging and interpretation process required for high end CRA tubulars is more detailed and sophisticated and little public domain data is available to assist in the well programme implementation. The Operator required logging tools to be fitted with highly sensitive and fast responding sensors, housed in titanium casings and run in memory mode with a slickline conveyance. In this case study two wells were logged with multibarrier corrosion logging tools combined with multi-finger calipers, to determine tubing and casing thickness status of three tubular barriers. The flow wetted areas were completed with high end chrome/nickel tubulars with potential challenges for data acquisition and subsequent analysis. However, pre-logging planning was supported and bench marked by yard testing where identical composition materials had been used. On retrieval, the data package showed provided a composite set of data, throughout the well and log interpretation clearly identified the well status to be positive. This provides excellent support for the applied logging technology. Pre-logging data searches within SPE and other locations for academic papers describing similar scenario could not be found and this paper is understood to be the one of first kind. These specialized principles and procedures likely to provide with much needed BASE CASE guideline for such future corrosion monitoring logging in similar field conditions.

In this paper, a non-magnetic on board transistorfree circulator is presented, briefly reviewing its theory. Also presented is a project for 915 MHz and their simulations that explore some important features like tuning by changing the bias DC voltage.

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. Reference #38 is incorrect. The correct reference is given below.

In this work, we demonstrate the ability of soft microrobotic sperms to manipulate non-magnetic microbeads in two-dimensional space. First, we model the interaction between the microrobotic sperm and microbeads using the resistive-force theory (RFT). This RFT-based model enables us to predict the maximum payload a soft microrobotic sperm can manipulate at different actuation frequencies. Second, we demonstrate manipulation of the microbeads using microrobotic sperm under the influence of controlled magnetic fields. Our teleoperation manipulation trials show that the microrobotic sperm swims at an average speeds of 0.16 and 0.035 body-Iength-per-second during collision-free locomotion and manipulation, respectively. In addition, the microrobotic sperm positions 2-microbead within the vicinity of a reference position with maximum steady-state error of $55\ \mu \text{m}$.

Passive non-magnetic self-interference suppression circuits are currently used as first stages of complex full-duplex radio systems that allow simultaneous reception and transmission within the same channel. This paper introduces the upper efficiency limit for such circuitry. It is demonstrated that for these devices it is not feasible to have simultaneously high efficiency, good transmitter-to-receiver isolation and same propagation channel for transmission and reception. More specifically, the maximum efficiency for most typical case cannot exceed 50% if good isolation is obtained.

Machine-learning interatomic potential (MLIP) has been of growing interest as a useful method to describe the energetics of systems of interest. In the present study, we examine the accuracy of linearized pairwise MLIPs and angular-dependent MLIPs for 31 elemental metals. Using all of the optimal MLIPs for 31 elemental metals, we show the robustness of the linearized frameworks, the general trend of the predictive power of MLIPs and the limitation of pairwise MLIPs. As a result, we obtain accurate MLIPs for all 31 elements using the same linearized framework. This indicates that the use of numerous descriptors is the most important practical feature for constructing MLIPs with high accuracy. An accurate MLIP can be constructed using only pairwise descriptors for most non-transition metals, whereas it is very important to consider angular-dependent descriptors when expressing interatomic interactions of transition metals., Comment: 18 pages, 14 figures

We describe the design and implementation of a sixty-four pin non-magnetic cryogenic vacuum feedthrough., 6 pages, 4 figures

Critical current is a key parameter for HTS tapes, which is able to determine the performance of superconducting devices. In this study, we chose two kinds of HTS tape, with magnetic and non-magnetic substrates, to experimentally investigate their critical current capability. The influence of different DC current ramp rates (R-value) on the critical current and n-value were evaluated in the experiments. The results indicated how current ramp rates influenced the V-I measurements of the given YBCO tapes. Magnetic field-dependent critical current characteristics played a crucial role in these measurements.

Köçkar, Hakan (Balikesir Author), Electrochemical deposition of CoCu/Cu multilayers was performed on titanium substrates from a single bath as a function of the Cu layer thicknesses. The deposition potentials were selected as -1.5 V for the magnetic layers and -0.3 V for the non-magnetic layers with respect to the saturated calomel electrode. The current-time transients were obtained during the deposition process, and the Co layer deposition and capacitive transients were calculated. On the basis of structural analysis, the multilayers were found to be polycrystalline with both Co and Cu layers adopting the face-centered cubic structure. The calculated lattice parameters of the multilayers slightly increase from 0.3585 to 0.3615 nm with increase in the Cu layer thickness, which is consistent with the bulk value of Cu. The inter-planar distance of the peaks of the multilayers is closer to that of Cu (d(111) = 0.2087 nm) and Co (d(111) = 0.2046 nm), and they become close to that of bulk Cu with increasing Cu layer thickness. In magnetic measurements, the magnetization decreases from 156 to 44 emu/cm(3) depending on the Cu layer thickness. Furthermore, the coercivity of the multilayers increases from 20 to 140 Oe. These values show that the magnetic behaviour of the multilayers lie between those of soft and hard magnetic materials, but the multilayer having 2.5 nm Cu layer thickness shows hard magnetic property. For the CoCu(4 nm)/Cu(0.7 nm) multilayer, the magnetoresistance measurement shows 5.5 % giant magnetoresistance (GMR)., Uludag University UAP(F)-2010/56 State Planning Organization, Turkey 2005K120170

The pressure evolution of phase stability, structural and mechanical properties of Fe3C in ferro-magnetic (FM) and high pressure non magnetic (NM) phase is investigated from first principle calcula...

Intelligent process control technology in various manufacturing industries is important. Vision-based non-magnetic object detection on moving conveyor in the steel industry will play a vital role for intelligent processes and raw material handling. This chapter presents an approach for a vision-based system that performs the detection of non-magnetic objects on raw material moving conveyor in a secondary steel-making industry. At single camera level, a vision-based differential algorithm is applied to recognize an object. Image pixels-based differential techniques, optical flow, and motion-based segmentations are used for traffic parameters extraction; the proposed approach extends those futures into industrial applications. The authors implement a smart control system, since they can save the energy and control unnecessary breakdowns in a robust manner. The technique developed for non-magnetic object detection has a single static background. Establishing background and background subtraction from continuous video input frames forms the basis. Detection of non-magnetic materials, which are moving with raw materials, and taking immediate action at the same stage as the material handling system will avoid the breakdowns or power wastage. The authors achieve accuracy up to 95% with the computational time of not more than 1.5 seconds for complete system execution.

Herbig Ae/Be stars are young, pre-main-sequence stars that sample the transition in structure and evolution between low- and high-mass stars, providing a key test of accretion processes in higher-mass stars. Few Herbig Ae/Be stars have detected magnetic fields, calling into question whether the magnetospheric accretion paradigm developed for low-mass stars can be scaled to higher masses. We present He I 10830 \AA\ line profiles for 64 Herbig Ae/Be stars with a magnetic field measurement in order to test magnetospheric accretion in the physical regime where its efficacy remains uncertain. Of the 5 stars with a magnetic field detection, 1 shows redshifted absorption, indicative of infall, and 2 show blueshifted absorption, tracing mass outflow. The fraction of redshifted and blueshifted absorption profiles in the non-magnetic Herbig Ae/Be stars is remarkably similar, suggesting that the stellar magnetic field does not affect gas kinematics traced by He I 10830 \AA. Line profile morphology does not correlate with the luminosity, rotation rate, mass accretion rate, or disk inclination. Only the detection of a magnetic field and a nearly face-on disk inclination show a correlation (albeit for few sources). This provides further evidence for weaker dipoles and more complex field topologies as stars develop a radiative envelope. The small number of magnetic Herbig Ae/Be stars has already called into question whether magnetospheric accretion can be scaled to higher masses; accretion signatures are not substantially different in magnetic Herbig Ae/Be stars, casting further doubt that they accrete in the same manner as classical T Tauri stars., Comment: accepted to ApJ; 17 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables

Magnetism alone was thought to be responsible for superconductivity in copper oxides. The finding of superconductivity in a non-magnetic compound that is structurally similar to these copper oxides challenges this view. Exploring the physics behind this exotic state of matter.

With the advancement in the methods for thin film deposition, tailoring of magnetic properties of thin ferromagnetic layer by using a neighboring layer has gained attention of researchers. From the perspective of fundamental understanding, the role of interface in different bilayer and multilayer systems has been an intense area of investigation. Utilizing the additional tunable properties originating from the interface has been foreseen as a route to improve the performance of numerous devices in application. In this chapter, the important aspect of magnetic damping in ferromagnetic/non-magnetic (FM/NM) bilayer films with primary focus on the recent experimental results is presented. Before describing various cases, we discuss two important mechanisms involved in FM/NM bilayer system, namely spin pumping and interfacial d-d hybridization.

Dust has recently been found to be prevalent in compact binaries such as non-magnetic Cataclysmic Variable systems. As a possible source of this dust is from solid bodies, we explore impacts to non-magnetic Cataclysmic Variable disks. We use three-dimensional Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamic simulations to search for impact signatures. From injections of whole bodies to these disks, we nd pulse shapes in simulated bolometric light curves that resemble impact ashes in the light curves of the Shoemaker-Levy 9 event. As a result, we tentatively identify these light curve shapes as signatures of impacts.