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732 results on '"Nixon, B."'

51. Purification and characterization of the AAA+ domain of Sinorhizobium meliloti DctD, a [[sigma].sup.54]-dependent transcriptional activator

Author

Xu, Hao, Gu, Baohua, Nixon, B. Tracy, and Hoover, Timothy R.

Subjects
Bacterial genetics -- Research, Biological transport, Active -- Research, Genetic transcription -- Research, Nitrogen-fixing microorganisms -- Research, Nitrogen-fixing microorganisms -- Physiological aspects, Biological sciences
Abstract

Activators of [[sigma].sup.54]-RNA polymerase holoenzyme couple ATP hydrolysis to formation of an open complex between the promoter and RNA polymerase. These activators are modular, consisting of an N-terminal regulatory domain, a C-terminal DNA-binding domain, and a central activation domain belonging to the AAA+ superfamily of ATPases. The AAA+ domain of Sinorhizobium meliloti [C.sub.4]-dicarboxylic acid transport protein D (DctD) is sufficient to activate transcription. Deletion analysis of the 3' end of dctD identified the minimal functional C-terminal boundary of the AAA+ domain of DctD as being located between Gly-381 and Ala-384. Histidine-tagged versions of the DctD AAA+ domain were purified and characterized. The DctD AAA+ domain was significantly more soluble than Dct[D.sub.([DELTA]1-142)], a truncated DctD protein consisting of the AAA+ and DNA-binding domains. In addition, the DctD AAA+ domain was more homogeneous than Dct[D.sub.([DELTA]1-142)] when analyzed by native gel electrophoresis, migrating predominantly as a single high-molecular-weight species, while Dct[D.sub.([DELTA]1-142)] displayed multiple species. The DctD AAA+ domain, but not Dct[D.sub.([DELTA]1-142)], formed a stable complex with [[sigma].sup.54] in the presence of the ATP transition state analogue ADP-aluminum fluoride. The DctD AAA+ domain activated transcription in vitro, but many of the transcripts appeared to terminate prematurely, suggesting that the DctD AAA+ domain interfered with transcription elongation. Thus, the DNA-binding domain of DctD appears to have roles in controlling the oligomerization of the AAA+ domain and modulating interactions with [[sigma].sup.54] in addition to its role in recognition of upstream activation sequences.

Published
2004

53. Nucleotide-dependent conformational changes in the [[sigma]sup.54]-dependent activator DctD

Author

Wang, Ying-Kai, Park, Sungdae, Nixon, B. Tracy, and Hoover, Timothy R.

Subjects
Proteins -- Conformation, RNA polymerases -- Analysis, Structure-activity relationships (Biochemistry) -- Analysis, Biological sciences
Abstract

Activators of [[sigma]sup.54]-RNA polymerase holoenzyme couple ATP hydrolysis to formation of an open promoter complex. [DCtD.sub.[DELTA]1-142], a truncated and constitutively active form of the [sigma]sup.54]-dependent activator DctD from Sinorhizobium meliloti, displayed an altered DNase I footprint at its binding site located upstream of the dctA promoter in the presence of ATP. The altered footprint was not observed for a mutant protein with a substitution at or near the putative arginine finger, a conserved arginine residue thought to contact the nucleotide. These data suggest that structural changes in [DCtD.sub.[DELTA]1-142] during ATP hydrolysis can be detected by alterations in the DNase I footprint of the protein and may be communicated by interactions between bound nucleotide and the arginine finger. In addition, kinetic data for changes in fluorescence energy transfer upon binding of 2'(3')-O-(N-methylanthraniloyl)-ATP (Mant-ATP) to [DCtD.sub.[DELTA]1-142] and DctD suggested that these proteins undergo multiple conformational changes following ATP binding.

Published
2003

54. Biochemical evidence for multiple dimeric states of the Sinorhizobium meliloti DctD receiver domain

Author

Park, Sungdae, Zhang, Hong, Jones, A. Daniel, and Nixon, B. Tracy

Subjects
Bacterial proteins -- Research, Proteins -- Structure, Structure-activity relationships (Biochemistry) -- Analysis, Protein binding -- Analysis, Adenosine triphosphatase -- Analysis, Biological sciences, Chemistry
Abstract

The two-component receiver domain of Sinorhizobium meliloti sigma(sup)54-dependent AAA+ ATPase, DctD, binds BeF(sub)3(sup)- at the aspartate carboxylic group and mimics the protein's phosphorylation leading to signal transduction by DctD. The crystal lattice for magnesium-BeF(sub)3(sup)- --DctD fragment exhibits multiple 'dimers'. Binding of the magnesium-BeF(sub)3(sup)- leads to marked changes in the dimeric state of DctD.

Published
2002

60. Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI) efforts and observations at the “Rocknest' Eolian sand shadow in Curiosity’s Gale Crater field site

Author

Harker, D. E, Herkenhoff, K. E, Herrera, P. N, Hurowitz, J. A, Jandura, L, Krezoski, G. M, Lewis, K. W, Madsen, M. B, Maki, J. N, Malin, M. C, Ming, D. W, Nixon, B. E, Olson, T. S, Pariser, O, Posiolova, L. V, Ravine, M. A, Robinson, M. L, Roumeliotis, C, Rowland, S. K, Rubin, D. M, Ruoff, N. A, Seybold, C. C, Schieber, J, Schmidt, M. E, Sengstacken, A. J, Simmonds, J. J, Sullivan, R. J, Tompkins, V. V, Van Beek, T. L, Edgett, K. S, Yingst, R. A, Minitti, M. E, Goetz, W, Kah, L. C, Kennedy, M. R, Lipkaman, L. J, Jensen, E. H, Anderson, R. C, Beegle, L. W, Carsten, J. L, Cooper, B, Deen, R. G, Dromart, G, Eigenbrode, J. L, Grotzinger, J. P, Grupta, S, Hamilton, V. E, and Hardgrove, C. J

Abstract

The Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission is focused on assessing the past or present habitability of Mars, through interrogation of environment and environmental records at the Curiosity rover field site in Gale crater. The MSL team has two methods available to collect, process and deliver samples to onboard analytical laboratories, the Chemistry and Mineralogy instrument (CheMin) and the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument suite. One approach obtains samples by drilling into a rock, the other uses a scoop to collect loose regolith fines.

Published
2013

61. Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI) efforts and observations at the “Rocknest' Eolian sand shadow in Curiosity’s Gale Crater field site

Author

Edgett, K. S, Yingst, R. A, Minitti, M. E, Goetz, W, Kah, L. C, Kennedy, M. R, Lipkaman, L. J, Jensen, E. H, Anderson, R. C, Beegle, L. W, Carsten, J. L, Cooper, B, Deen, R. G, Dromart, G, Eigenbrode, J. L, Grotzinger, J. P, Grupta, S, Hamilton, V. E, Hardgrove, C. J, Harker, D. E, Herkenhoff, K. E, Herrera, P. N, Hurowitz, J. A, Jandura, L, Krezoski, G. M, Lewis, K. W, Madsen, M. B, Maki, J. N, Malin, M. C, Ming, D. W, Nixon, B. E, Olson, T. S, Pariser, O, Posiolova, L. V, Ravine, M. A, Robinson, M. L, Roumeliotis, C, Rowland, S. K, Rubin, D. M, Ruoff, N. A, Seybold, C. C, Schieber, J, Schmidt, M. E, Sengstacken, A. J, Simmonds, J. J, Sullivan, R. J, Tompkins, V. V, and Van Beek, T. L

Published
2013

62. Curiosity's Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI) : inital observations and activities.

Author

Edgett, K. S, Yingst, R. A, Minitti, M. E, Robinson, M. L, Kennedy, M. R, Lipkaman, L. J, Jensen, E. H, Anderson, R. C, Bean, K. M, Beegle, L. W, Carsten, J. L, Collins, C. L, Cooper, B, Deen, R. G, Eigenbrode, J. L, Goetz, W, Grotzinger, J. P, Gupta, S, Hamilton, V. E, Hardgrove, C. J, Harker, D. E, Herkenhoff, K. E, Herrera, P. N, Jandura, L, Kah, L. C, Krezoski, G. M, Leger, P. C, Lemmom, M. T, Lewis, K. W, Madsen, M. B, Maki, J. N, Maln, M. C, Nixon, B. E, Olson, T. S, Pariser, O, Posiolova, L. V, Ravine, M. A, Roumeliotis, C, Rowland, S. K, Ruoff, N. A, Seybold, C. C, Schieber, J, Schmidt, M. E, Sengstacken, A. J, Simmonds, J. J, Stack, K. M, Sullivan, R. J, Tompkins, V. V, and Van Beek, T. L

Published
2013

68. Shwachman-Bodian-Diamond syndrome (SBDS) protein is a direct inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity and overexpressed in acute myeloid leukaemia

Author

Dun, MD, Mannan, A, Rigby, CJ, Butler, S, Toop, HD, Beck, D, Connerty, P, Sillar, J, Kahl, RGS, Duchatel, RJ, Germon, Z, Faulkner, S, Chi, M, Skerrett-Byrne, D, Murray, HC, Flanagan, H, Almazi, JG, Hondermarck, H, Nixon, B, De Iuliis, G, Chamberlain, J, Alvaro, F, de Bock, CE, Morris, JC, Enjeti, AK, and Verrills, NM

Subjects
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute, Immunology, Humans, Proteins, Apoptosis, Protein Phosphatase 2, Bone Marrow Diseases, 1103 Clinical Sciences, 1112 Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome, Signal Transduction
Published
2020

71. Limitations to intergenerational inheritance: subchronic paternal stress preconception does not influence offspring anxiety

Author

Fennell, KA, Busby, RGG, Li, S, Bodden, C, Stanger, SJ, Nixon, B, Short, AK, Hannan, AJ, Pang, TY, Fennell, KA, Busby, RGG, Li, S, Bodden, C, Stanger, SJ, Nixon, B, Short, AK, Hannan, AJ, and Pang, TY

Abstract

Independent studies have observed that a paternal history of stress or trauma is associated with his children having a greater likelihood of developing psychopathologies such as anxiety disorders. This father-to-child effect is reproduced in several mouse models of stress, which have been crucial in developing a greater understanding of intergenerational epigenetic inheritance. We previously reported that treatment of C57Bl/6J male breeders with low-dose corticosterone (CORT) for 28 days prior to mating yielded increased anxiety-related behaviours in their male F1 offspring. The present study aimed to determine whether subchronic 7-day CORT treatment of male mice just prior to mating would be sufficient to induce intergenerational modifications of anxiety-related behaviours in offspring. We report that subchronic CORT treatment of male breeders reduced their week-on-week body weight gain and altered NR3C1 and CRH gene expression in the hypothalamus. There were no effects on sperm count and glucocorticoid receptor protein levels within the epididymal tissue of male breeders. Regarding the F1 offspring, screening for anxiety-related behaviours using the elevated-plus maze, light-dark box, and novelty-suppressed feeding test revealed no differences between the offspring of CORT-treated breeders compared to controls. Thus, it is crucial that future studies take into consideration the duration of exposure when assessing the intergenerational impacts of paternal health.

Published
2020

73. Use of PCR to isolate genes encoding sigma(super 54)-dependent activators from diverse bacteria

Author

Kaufman, R. Ilene and Nixon, B. Tracy

Subjects
Nucleic acid probes -- Usage, Polymerase chain reaction -- Usage, Microbiological assay -- Methods, Biological sciences
Abstract

The degenerate oligonucleotide primers and PCR enable identification of the bacterial genes encoding sigma(super 54)-dependent transcription activators. The primers are specific for the catalytic region of the activators which contain a nucleotide binding site and two conserved sites. The primers amplify DNA containing the catalytic domain and null mutants are formed by homologous recombination. The probes identify DNA fragments in Rhizobium meliloti, Myxococcus xanthus and Bacillus subtilis. No DNA is identified from Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7002 or Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Published
1996

76. The glnA gene of the cyanobacterium Agmenellum quadruplicatum PR-6 is nonessential for ammonium assimilation

Author

Wagner, Stephen J., Thomas, Selwin P., Kaufman, R. Ilene, Nixon, B. Tracy, and Stevens, S. Edward, Jr.

Subjects
Cyanobacteria -- Genetic aspects, Ammonium -- Physiological aspects, Microbial mutation -- Analysis, Biological sciences
Abstract

The glnA gene which encodes glutamine synthetase from the cyanobacterium Agmenellum quadruplicatum PR-6 was isolated by complementation of an Escherichia coli glutamine auxotrophwith a PR-6 cosmid library. PR-6 is a single-copy gene whose transcripts are regulated during nitrogen starvation. However, the glnA gene is not essential for growth on either nitrate or ammonium as a sole nitrogen source.

Published
1993

77. Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Author

Brown, P. Zhou, Y. Tan, A.-C. El-Esawi, M.A. Liehr, T. Blanck, O. Gladue, D.P. Almeida, G.M.F. Cernava, T. Sorzano, C.O. Yeung, A.W.K. Engel, M.S. Chandrasekaran, A.R. Muth, T. Staege, M.S. Daulatabad, S.V. Widera, D. Zhang, J. Meule, A. Honjo, K. Pourret, O. Yin, C.-C. Zhang, Z. Cascella, M. Flegel, W.A. Goodyear, C.S. van Raaij, M.J. Bukowy-Bieryllo, Z. Campana, L.G. Kurniawan, N.A. Lalaouna, D. Hüttner, F.J. Ammerman, B.A. Ehret, F. Cobine, P.A. Tan, E.-C. Han, H. Xia, W. McCrum, C. Dings, R.P.M. Marinello, F. Nilsson, H. Nixon, B. Voskarides, K. Yang, L. Costa, V.D. Bengtsson-Palme, J. Bradshaw, W. Grimm, D.G. Kumar, N. Martis, E. Prieto, D. Sabnis, S.C. Amer, S.E.D.R. Liew, A.W.C. Perco, P. Rahimi, F. Riva, G. Zhang, C. Devkota, H.P. Ogami, K. Basharat, Z. Fierz, W. Siebers, R. Tan, K.H. Boehme, K.A. Brenneisen, P. Brown, J.A.L. Dalrymple, B.P. Harvey, D.J. Ng, G. Werten, S. Bleackley, M. Dai, Z. Dhariwal, R. Gelfer, Y. Hartmann, M.D. Miotla, P. Tamaian, R. Govender, P. Gurney-Champion, O.J. Kauppila, J.H. Zhang, X. Echeverría, N. Subhash, S. Sallmon, H. Tofani, M. Bae, T. Bosch, O. Cuív, P.O. Danchin, A. Diouf, B. Eerola, T. Evangelou, E. Filipp, F. Klump, H. Kurgan, L. Smith, S.S. Terrier, O. Tuttle, N. Ascher, D.B. Janga, S.C. Schulte, L.N. Becker, D. Browngardt, C. Bush, S.J. Gaullier, G. Ide, K. Meseko, C. Werner, G.D.A. Zaucha, J. Al-Farha, A.A. Greenwald, N.F. Popoola, S.I. Rahman, S. Xu, J. Yang, S.Y. Hiroi, N. Alper, O.M. Baker, C.I. Bitzer, M. Chacko, G. Debrabant, B. Dixon, R. Forano, E. Gilliham, M. Kelly, S. Klempnauer, K.-H. Lidbury, B.A. Lin, M.Z. Lynch, I. Ma, W. Maibach, E.W. Mather, D.E. Nandakumar, K.S. Ohgami, R.S. Parchi, P. Tressoldi, P. Xue, Y. Armitage, C. Barraud, P. Chatzitheochari, S. Coelho, L.P. Diao, J. Doxey, A.C. Gobet, A. Hu, P. Kaiser, S. Mitchell, K.M. Salama, M.F. Shabalin, I.G. Song, H. Stevanovic, D. Yadollahpour, A. Zeng, E. Zinke, K. Alimba, C.G. Beyene, T.J. Cao, Z. Chan, S.S. Gatchell, M. Kleppe, A. Piotrowski, M. Torga, G. Woldesemayat, A.A. Cosacak, M.I. Haston, S. Ross, S.A. Williams, R. Wong, A. Abramowitz, M.K. Effiong, A. Lee, S. Abid, M.B. Agarabi, C. Alaux, C. Albrecht, D.R. Atkins, G.J. Beck, C.R. Bonvin, A.M.J.J. Bourke, E. Brand, T. Braun, R.J. Bull, J.A. Cardoso, P. Carter, D. Delahay, R.M. Ducommun, B. Duijf, P.H.G. Epp, T. Eskelinen, E.-L. Fallah, M. Farber, D.B. Fernandez-Triana, J. Feyerabend, F. Florio, T. Friebe, M. Furuta, S. Gabrielsen, M. Gruber, J. Grybos, M. Han, Q. Heinrich, M. Helanterä, H. Huber, M. Jeltsch, A. Jiang, F. Josse, C. Jurman, G. Kamiya, H. de Keersmaecker, K. Kristiansson, E. de Leeuw, F.-E. Li, J. Liang, S. Lopez-Escamez, J.A. Lopez-Ruiz, F.J. Marchbank, K.J. Marschalek, R. Martín, C.S. Miele, A.E. Montagutelli, X. Morcillo, E. Nicoletti, R. Niehof, M. O'Toole, R. Ohtomo, T. Oster, H. Palma, J.-A. Paterson, R. Peifer, M. Portilla, M. Portillo, M.C. Pritchard, A.L. Pusch, S. Raghava, G.P.S. Roberts, N.J. Ross, K. Schuele, B. Sergeant, K. Shen, J. Stella, A. Sukocheva, O. Uversky, V.N. Vanneste, S. Villet, M.H. Viveiros, M. Vorholt, J.A. Weinstock, C. Yamato, M. Zabetakis, I. Zhao, X. Ziegler, A. Aizat, W.M. Atlas, L. Bridges, K.M. Chakraborty, S. Deschodt, M. Domingues, H.S. Esfahlani, S.S. Falk, S. Guisado, J.L. Kane, N.C. Kueberuwa, G. Lau, C.L. Liang, D. Liu, E. Luu, A.M. Ma, C. Ma, L. Moyer, R. Norris, A.D. Panthee, S. Parsons, J.R. Peng, Y. Pinto, I.M. Reschke, C.R. Sillanpää, E. Stewart, C.J. Uhle, F. Yang, H. Zhou, K. Zhu, S. Ashry, M. Bergsland, N. Berthold, M. Chen, C.-E. Colella, V. Cuypers, M. Eskew, E.A. Fan, X. Gajda, M. Gonzálezlez-Prendes, R. Goodin, A. Graham, E.B. Groen, E.J.N. Gutiérrez-Sacristán, A. Habes, M. Heffler, E. Higginbottom, D.B. Janzen, T. Jayaraman, J. Jibb, L.A. Jongen, S. Kinyanjui, T. Koleva-Kolarova, R.G. Li, Z. Liu, Y.-P. Lund, B.A. Lussier, A.A. Ma, L. Mier, P. Moore, M.D. Nagler, K. Orme, M.W. Pearson, J.A. Prajapati, A.S. Saito, Y. Tröder, S.E. Uchendu, F. Verloh, N. Voutchkova, D.D. Abu-Zaid, A. Bakkach, J. Baumert, P. Dono, M. Hanson, J. Herbelet, S. Hobbs, E. Kulkarni, A. Kumar, N. Liu, S. Loft, N.D. Reddan, T. Senghore, T. Vindin, H. Xu, H. Bannon, R. Chen, B. Cheung, J.T.K. Cooper, J. Esnakula, A.K. Feghali, K.A. Ghelardi, E. Gnasso, A. Horbar, J. Lai, H.M. Li, J. Ma, L. Ma, R. Pan, Z. Peres, M.A. Pranata, R. Seow, E. Sydes, M. Testoni, I. Westermair, A.L. Yang, Y. Afnan, M. Albiol, J. Albuquerque, L.G. Amir, S. Amiya, E. Amorim, R.M. An, Q. Andersen, S.U. Aplin, J.D. Argyropoulos, C. Asmann, Y.W. Assaeed, A.M. Atanasov, A.G. Atchison, D.A. Avery, S.V. Avillach, P. Baade, P.D. Backman, L. Badie, C. Baldi, A. Ball, E. Bardot, O. Barnett, A.G. Basner, M. Batra, J. Bazanova, O.M. Beale, A. Beddoe, T. Bell, M.L. Berezikov, E. Berners-Price, S. Bernhardt, P. Berry, E. Bessa, T.B. Billington, C. Birch, J. Blakely, R.D. Blaskovich, M.A.T. Blum, R. Boelaert, M. Bogdanos, D. Bosch, C. Bourgoin, T. Bouvard, D. Boykin, L.M. Bradley, G. Braun, D. Brownlie, J. Brühl, A. Burt, A. Butler, L.M. Byrareddy, S.N. Byrne, H.J. Cabantous, S. Calatayud, S. Candal, E. Carlson, K. Casillas, S. Castelvetro, V. Caswell, P.T. Cavalli, G. Cerovsky, V. Chagoyen, M. Chen, C.-S. Chen, D.F. Chen, H. Chen, H. Chen, J.-T. Chen, Y. Cheng, C. Cheng, J. Chinapaw, M. Chinopoulos, C. Cho, W.C.S. Chong, L. Chowdhury, D. Chwalibog, A. Ciresi, A. Cockcroft, S. Conesa, A. Cook, P.A. Cooper, D.N. Coqueret, O. Corea, E.M. Costa, A. Costa, E. Coupland, C. Crawford, S.Y. Cruz, A.D. Cui, H. Cui, Q. Culver, D.C. D'Angiulli, A. Dahms, T.E.S. Daigle, F. Dalgleish, R. Danielsen, H.E. Darras, S. Davidson, S.M. Day, D.A. Degirmenci, V. Demaison, L. Devriendt, K. Ding, J. Dogan, Y. Dong, X.C. Donner, C.F. Dressick, W. Drevon, C.A. Duan, H. Ducho, C. Dumaz, N. Dwarakanath, B.S. Ebell, M.H. Eisenhardt, S. Elkum, N. Engel, N. Erickson, T.B. Fairhead, M. Faville, M.J. Fejzo, M.S. Festa, F. Feteira, A. Flood-Page, P. Forsayeth, J. Fox, S.A. Franks, S.J. Frentiu, F.D. Frilander, M.J. Fu, X. Fujita, S. Galea, I. Galluzzi, L. Gani, F. Ganpule, A.P. García-Alix, A. Gedye, K. Giordano, M. Giunta, C. Gleeson, P.A. Goarant, C. Gong, H. Gora, D. Gough, M.J. Goyal, R. Graham, K.E. Grande-Pérez, A. Graves, P.M. Greidanus, H. Grice, D. Grunau, C. Gumulya, Y. Guo, Y. Gurevich, V.V. Gusev, O. Hacker, E. Hage, S.R. Hagen, G. Hahn, S. Haller, D.M. Hammerschmidt, S. Han, J. Han, R. Handfield, M. Hapuarachchi, H.C. Harder, T. Hardingham, J.E. Heck, M. Heers, M. Hew, K.F. Higuchi, Y. Hilaire, C.St. Hilton, R. Hodzic, E. Hone, A. Hongoh, Y. Hu, G. Huber, H.P. Hueso, L.E. Huirne, J. Hurt, L. Idborg, H. Ikeo, K. Ingley, E. Jakeman, P.M. Jensen, A. Jia, H. Jia, H. Jia, S. Jiang, J. Jiang, X. Jin, Y. Jo, D. Johnson, A.M. Johnston, M. Jonscher, K.R. Jorens, P.G. Jorgensen, J.O.L. Joubert, J.W. Jung, S.-H. Junior, A.M. Kahan, T. Kamboj, S.K. Kang, Y.-K. Karamanos, Y. Karp, N.A. Kelly, R. Kenna, R. Kennedy, J. Kersten, B. Khalaf, R.A. Khalid, J.M. Khatlani, T. Khider, T. Kijanka, G.S. King, S.R.B. Kluz, T. Knox, P. Kobayashi, T. Koch, K.-W. Kohonen-Corish, M.R.J. Kong, X. Konkle-Parker, D. Korpela, K.M. Kostrikis, L.G. Kraiczy, P. Kratz, H. Krause, G. Krebsbach, P.H. Kristensen, S.R. Kumari, P. Kunimatsu, A. Kurdak, H. Kwon, Y.D. Lachat, C. Lagisz, M. Laky, B. Lammerding, J. Lange, M. Larrosa, M. Laslett, A.L. Laverman, G.D. Leclair, E.E. Lee, K.-W. Lee, M.-Y. Lee, M.-S. Li, G. Li, J. Lieb, K. Lim, Y.Y. Lindsey, M.L. Line, P.-D. Liu, D. Liu, F. Liu, H. Liu, H. Lloyd, V.K. Lo, T.-W. Locci, E. Loidl, J. Lorenzen, J. Lorkowski, S. Lovell, N.H. Lu, H. Lu, W. Lu, Z. Luengo, G.S. Lundh, L.-G. Lysy, P.A. Mabb, A. Mack, H.G. Mackey, D.A. Mahdavi, S.R. Maher, P. Maher, T. Maity, S.N. Malgrange, B. Mamoulakis, C. Mangoni, A.A. Manke, T. Manstead, A.S.R. Mantalaris, A. Marsal, J. Marschall, H.-U. Martin, F.L. Martinez-Raga, J. Martinez-Salas, E. Mathieu, D. Matsui, Y. Maza, E. McCutcheon, J.E. McKay, G.J. McMillan, B. McMillan, N. Meads, C. Medina, L. Merrick, B.A. Metzger, D.W. Meunier, F.A. Michaelis, M. Micheau, O. Mihara, H. Mintz, E.M. Mizukami, T. Moalic, Y. Mohapatra, D.P. Monteiro, A. Montes, M. Moran, J.V. Morozov, S.Y. Mort, M. Murai, N. Murphy, D.J. Murphy, S.K. Murray, S.A. Naganawa, S. Nammi, S. Nasios, G. Natoli, R.M. Nguyen, F. Nicol, C. van Nieuwerburgh, F. Nilsen, E.B. Nobile, C.J. O'Mahony, M. Ohlsson, S. Olatunbosun, O. Olofsson, P. Ortiz, A. Ostrikov, K. Otto, S. Outeiro, T.F. Ouyang, S. Paganoni, S. Page, A. Palm, C. Paradies, Y. Parsons, M.H. Parsons, N. Pascal, P. Paul, E. Peckham, M. Pedemonte, N. Pellizzon, M.A. Petrelli, M. Pichugin, A. Pinto, C.J.C. Plevris, J.N. Pollesello, P. Polz, M. Ponti, G. Porcelli, P. Prince, M. Quinn, G.P. Quinn, T.J. Ramula, S. Rappsilber, J. Rehfeldt, F. Reiling, J.H. Remacle, C. Rezaei, M. Riddick, E.W. Ritter, U. Roach, N.W. Roberts, D.D. Robles, G. Rodrigues, T. Rodriguez, C. Roislien, J. Roobol, M.J. Rowe, A. Ruepp, A. van Ruitenbeek, J. Rust, P. Saad, S. Sack, G.H. Santos, M. Saudemont, A. Sava, G. Schrading, S. Schramm, A. Schreiber, M. Schuler, S. Schymkowitz, J. Sczyrba, A. Seib, K.L. Shi, H.-P. Shimada, T. Shin, J.-S. Shortt, C. Silveyra, P. Skinner, D. Small, I. Smeets, P.A.M. So, P.-W. Solano, F. Sonenshine, D.E. Song, J. Southall, T. Speakman, J.R. Srinivasan, M.V. Stabile, L.P. Stasiak, A. Steadman, K.J. Stein, N. Stephens, A.W. Stewart, D.I. Stine, K. Storlazzi, C. Stoynova, N.V. Strzalka, W. Suarez, O.M. Sultana, T. Sumant, A.V. Summers, M.J. Sun, G. Tacon, P. Tanaka, K. Tang, H. Tanino, Y. Targett-Adams, P. Tayebi, M. Tayyem, R. Tebbe, C.C. Telfer, E.E. Tempel, W. Teodorczyk-Injeyan, J.A. Thijs, G. Thorne, S. Thrift, A.G. Tiffon, C. Tinnefeld, P. Tjahjono, D.H. Tolle, F. Toth, E. Del Tredici, A.L. Tsapas, A. Tsirigotis, K. Turak, A. Tzotzos, G. Udo, E.E. Utsumi, T. Vaidyanathan, S. Vaillant, M. Valsesia, A. Vandenbroucke, R.E. Veiga, F.H. Vendrell, M. Vesk, P.A. Vickers, P. Victor, V.M. Villemur, R. Vohl, M.-C. Voolstra, C.R. 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Christoffersen, T. Comel, J.C. Cosse, C. Cui, Y. van Dessel, P. Dhaval Diodato, D. Duffey, M. Dutt, A. Egea, L.G. El-Said, M. Faye, M. Fernandez-Fernandez, B. Foley, K.G. Founou, L.L. Fu, F. Gadelkareem, R.A. Galimov, E. Garip, G. Gemmill, A. Gouil, Q. Grey, J. Gridneva, Z. Grothe, M.J. Grébert, T. Guerrero, F. Guignard, L. Haenssgen, M.J. Hasler, D. Holgate, J.Y. Huang, A. Hulse-Kemp, A.M. Jean-Quartier, C. Jeon, S.-M. Jia, Y. Jutzeler, C. Kalatzis, P. Karim, M. Karsay, K. Keitel, A. Kempe, A. Keown, J.R. Khoo, C.M. Khwaja, N. Kievit, R.A. Kosanic, S. Koutoukidis, D.A. Kramer, P. Kumar, D. Kiraǧ, N. Lanza, G. Le, T.D. Leem, J.W. Leightley, D. Leite, A. Lercher, L. Li, Y. Lim, R. Lima, L.R.A. Lin, L. Ling, T. Liu, Y. Liu, Z. Lu, Y. Lum, F.M. Luo, H. Machhi, J. Macleod, A. Macwan, I. Madala, H.R. Madani, N. de Maio, N. Makowiecki, K. Mallinson, D.J. Margelyte, R. Maria, C. Markonis, Y. Marsili, L. Mavoa, S. McWilliams, L. Megersa, M. Souto-Maior, C. Menichetti, J. Mercieca-Bebber, R. Miller, J.J. Minde, D.-P.M. Minges, A. Mishra, E. Mishra, V.R. Moores, C. Morrice, N. Moskalensky, A.E. Navarin, N. Negera, E. Nolet, P. Nordberg, A. Nordén, R. Nowicki, J.P. Olova, N. Olszewski, P. Onzima, R. Pan, C.-L. Park, C. Park, D.I. Park, S. Patil, C.D. Pedro, S.A. Perry, S.R. Peter, J. Peterson, B.M. Pezzuolo, A. Pozdnyakov, I. Qian, S. Qin, L. Rafe, A. Raote, I. Raza, A. Rebl, H. Refai, O. Regan, T. Richa, T. Richardson, M.F. Robinson, K.R. Rossoni, L. Rouet, R. Safaei, S. Schneeberger, P.H.H. Schwotzer, D. Sebastian, A. Selinski, J. Seltmann, S. Sha, F. Shalev, N. Shang, J.-L. Singer, J. Singh, M. Smith, T. Solomon-Moore, E. Song, L. Soraggi, S. Stanley, R. Steckhan, N. Strobl, F. Subissi, L. Supriyanto, I. Surve, C.R. Suzuki, T. Syme, C. Sörelius, K. Tang, Y. Tantawy, M. Tennakoon, S. Teseo, S. Toelzer, C. Tomov, N. Tovar, M. Tran, L. Tripathi, S. Tuladhar, A.M. Ukubuiwe, A.C. Ung, C.O.L. Valgepea, K. Vatanparast, H. Vidal, A. Wang, F. Wang, Q. Watari, R. Webster, R. Webster, R. Wei, J. Wibowo, D. Wingenbach, T.S.H. Xavier, R.M. Xiao, S. Xiong, P. Xu, S. Xu, S. Yao, R. Yao, W. Yin, Q. Yu, Y. Zaitsu, M. Zeineb, Z. Zhan, X.-Y. Zhang, J. Zhang, R. Zhang, W. Zhang, X. Zheng, S. Zhou, B. Zhou, X. Ahmad, H. Akinwumi, S.A. Albery, G.F. Alhowimel, A. Ali, J. Alshehri, M. Alsuhaibani, M. Anikin, A. Azubuike, S.O. Bach-Mortensen, A. Baltiansky, L. Bartas, M. Belachew, K.Y. Bhardwaj, V. Binder, K. Bland, N.S. Boah, M. Bullen, B. Calabrò, G.E. Callahan, T.J. Cao, B. Chalmers, K. Chang, W. Che, Z. Chen, A.T.Y. Chen, H. Chen, H. Chen, Y. Chen, Z. Choi, Y. Chowdhury, M.A.K. Christensen, M.R. Cooke, R.S.C. Cottini, M. Covington, N.V. Cunningham, C. Delarocque, J. Devos, L. Dhar, A.R. Ding, K.-F. Dong, K. Dong, Z. Dreyer, N. Ekstrand, C. Fardet, T. Feleke, B.E. Feurer, T. Freitas, A. Gao, T. Gebremedhin Giganti, F. Grabowski, P. Guerra-Mora, J.R. Guo, C. Guo, X. Gupta, H. He, S. Heijne, M. Heinemann, S. Hogrebe, A. Huang, Z. Iskander-Rizk, S. Iyer, L.M. Jahan, Y. James, A.S. Joel, E. Joffroy, B. Jégousse, C. Kambondo, G. Karnati, P. Kaya, C. Ke, A. Kelly, D. Kickert, R. Kidibule, P.E. Kieselmann, J.P. Kim, H.J. Kitazawa, T. Lamberts, A. Li, Y. Liang, H. Linn, S.N. Litfin, T. Liusuo, W. Lygirou, V. Mahato, A.K. Mai, Z.-M. Major, R.W. Mali, S. Mallis, P. Mao, W. Marvin-Dowle, K. Mason, L.D. Merideth, B. Merino-Plaza, M.J. Merlaen, B. Messina, R. Mishra, A.K. Muhammad, J. Musinguzi, C. Nanou, A. Naqash, A. Nguyen, J.T. Nguyen, T.T.H. Ni, D. Nida Notcovich, S. Ohst, B. Ollivier, Q.R. Osses, D.F. Peng, X. Plantinga, A. Pulia, M. Rafiq, M. Raman, A. Raucher-Chéné Rawski, R. Ray, A. Razak, L.A. Rudolf, K. Rusch, P. Sadoine, M.L. Schmidt, A. Schurr, R. Searles, S. Sharma, S. Sheehan, B. Shi, C. Shohayeb, B. Sommerlad, A. Strehlow, J. Sun, X. Sundar, R. Taherzadeh, G. Tahir, N.D.M. Tang, J. Testa, J. Tian, Z. Tingting, Q. Verheijen, G.P. Vickstrom, C. Wang, T. Wang, X. Wang, Z. Wei, P. Wilson, A. Wyart Yassine, A.-A. Yousefzadeh, A. Zare, A. Zeng, Z. Zhang, C. Zhang, H. Zhang, L. Zhang, T. Zhang, W. Zhang, Z. Zhou, J. Zhu, D. Adamo, V. Adeyemo, A.A. Aggelidou, M. Al-Owaifeer, A.M. Al-Riyami, A.Z. Alzghari, S.K. Andersen, V. Angus, K. Asaduzzaman, M. Asady, H. Ato, D. Bai, X. Baines, R.L. Ballantyne, M. Ban, B. Beck, J. Ben-Nafa, W. Black, E. Blancher, A. Blankstein, R. Bodagh, N. Borges, P. Brooks, A. Brox-Ponce, J. Brunetti, A. Canham, C.D. Carninci, P. Carvajal, R. Chang, S.C. Chao, J. Chatterjee, P. Chen, H. Chen, L. Chen, Y.-C. Chhatriwalla, A.K. Chikowe, I. Chuang, T.-J. Collevatti, R.G. Cornejo, D.A.V. Cuenda, A. Dao, M. Dauga, D. Deng, Z. Devkota, K. Doan, L.V. Elewa, Y.H.A. Fan, D. Faruk, M. Feifei, S. Ferguson, T.S. Fleres, F. Foster, E.J. Foster, S. Furer, T. Gao, Y. Garcia-Rivera, E.J. Gazdar, A. George, R.B. Ghosh, S. Gianchecchi, E. Gleason, J.M. Hackshaw, A. Hall, A. Hall, R. Harper, P. Hogg, W.E. Huang, G. Hunter, K.E. Ijzerman, A.P. Jesus, C. Jian, G. Lewis, J.S., Jr. Kanj, S.S. Kaur, H. Kelly, S. Kheir, F. Kichatova, V.S. Kiyani, M. Klein, R. Kovesi, T. Kraschnewski, J.L. Kumar, A.P. Labutin, D. Lazo-Langner, A. Leclercq, G. Li, M. Li, Q. Li, T. Li, Y. Liao, W.-T. Liao, Z.-Y. Lin, J. Lizer, J. Lobreglio, G. Lowies, C. Lu, C. Majeed, H. Martin, A. Martinez-Sobrido, L. Meresh, E. Middelveen, M. Mohebbi, A. Mota, J. Mozaheb, Z. Muyaya, L. Nandhakumar, A. Ng, S.H.X. Obeidat, M. Oh, D.-H. Owais, M. Pace-Asciak, P. Panwar, A. Park, C. Patterson, C. Penagos-Tabaree, F. Pianosi, P.T. Pinzi, V. Pridans, C. Psaroulaki, A. Pujala, R.K. Pulido-Arjona, L. Qi, P.-F. Rahman, P. Rai, N.K. Rassaf, T. Refardt, J. Ricciardi, W. Riess, O. Rovas, A. Sacks, F.M. Saleh, S. Sampson, C. Schmutz, A. Sepanski, R. Sharma, N. Singh, M. Spearman, P. Subramaniapillai, M. Swali, R. Tan, C.M. Tellechea, J.I. Thomas, L.-M. Tong, X. Vavvas, D.G. Veys, R. Vitriol, V. Wang, H.-D. Wang, J. Wang, J. Waugh, J. Webb, S.A. Williams, B.A. Workman, A.D. Xiang, T. Xie, L.-X. Xu, J. Xu, T. Yang, C. Yoon, J.G. Yuan, C.M. Zaritsky, A. Zhang, Y. Zhao, H. Zuckerman, H. Lyu, R. Pullan, W. RELISH Consortium

Abstract

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical science. © The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press.

Published
2019

78. Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Author

Brown, P., Zhou, Y., Tan, A.C., El-Esawi, M.A., Liehr, T., Blanck, O., Gladue, D.P., Almeida, G.M.F., Cernava, T., Sorzano, C.O., Yeung, A.W.K., Engel, M.S., Chandrasekaran, A.R., Muth, T., Staege, M.S., Daulatabad, S.V., Widera, D., Zhang, J., Meule, A., Honjo, K., Pourret, O., Yin, C.C., Zhang, Z., Cascella, M., Flegel, W.A., Goodyear, C.S., van Raaij, M.J., Bukowy-Bieryllo, Z., Campana, L.G., Kurniawan, N.A., Lalaouna, D., Hüttner, F.J., Ammerman, B.A., Ehret, F., Cobine, P.A., Tan, E.C., Han, H., Xia, W., McCrum, C., Dings, R.P.M., Marinello, F., Nilsson, H., Nixon, B., Voskarides, K., Yang, L., Costa, V.D., Bengtsson-Palme, J., Bradshaw, W., Grimm, D.G., Kumar, N., Martis, E., Prieto, D., Sabnis, S.C., Amer, S.E.D.R., Liew, A.W.C., Perco, P., Rahimi, F., Riva, G., Zhang, C., Devkota, H.P., Ogami, K., Basharat, Z., Fierz, W., Siebers, R., Tan, K.H., Boehme, K.A., Brenneisen, P., Brown, J.A.L., Dalrymple, B.P., Harvey, D.J., Ng, G., Werten, S., Bleackley, M., Dai, Z., Dhariwal, R., Gelfer, Y., Hartmann, M.D., Miotla, P., Tamaian, R., Govender, P., Gurney-Champion, O.J., Kauppila, J.H., Zhang, X., Echeverría, N., Subhash, S., Sallmon, H., Tofani, M., Bae, T., Bosch, O., Cuív, P.O., Danchin, A., Diouf, B., Eerola, T., Evangelou, E., Filipp, F., Klump, H., Kurgan, L., Smith, S.S., Terrier, O., Tuttle, N., and Wiener, J.M.

Abstract

© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press. Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical science.

Published
2019

81. Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Author

Brown, P. Zhou, Y. Tan, A.-C. El-Esawi, M.A. Liehr, T. Blanck, O. Gladue, D.P. Almeida, G.M.F. Cernava, T. Sorzano, C.O. Yeung, A.W.K. Engel, M.S. Chandrasekaran, A.R. Muth, T. Staege, M.S. Daulatabad, S.V. Widera, D. Zhang, J. Meule, A. Honjo, K. Pourret, O. Yin, C.-C. Zhang, Z. Cascella, M. Flegel, W.A. Goodyear, C.S. van Raaij, M.J. Bukowy-Bieryllo, Z. Campana, L.G. Kurniawan, N.A. Lalaouna, D. Hüttner, F.J. Ammerman, B.A. Ehret, F. Cobine, P.A. Tan, E.-C. Han, H. Xia, W. McCrum, C. Dings, R.P.M. Marinello, F. Nilsson, H. Nixon, B. Voskarides, K. Yang, L. Costa, V.D. Bengtsson-Palme, J. Bradshaw, W. Grimm, D.G. Kumar, N. Martis, E. Prieto, D. Sabnis, S.C. Amer, S.E.D.R. Liew, A.W.C. Perco, P. Rahimi, F. Riva, G. Zhang, C. Devkota, H.P. Ogami, K. Basharat, Z. Fierz, W. Siebers, R. Tan, K.H. Boehme, K.A. Brenneisen, P. Brown, J.A.L. Dalrymple, B.P. Harvey, D.J. Ng, G. Werten, S. Bleackley, M. Dai, Z. Dhariwal, R. Gelfer, Y. Hartmann, M.D. Miotla, P. Tamaian, R. Govender, P. Gurney-Champion, O.J. Kauppila, J.H. Zhang, X. Echeverría, N. Subhash, S. Sallmon, H. Tofani, M. Bae, T. Bosch, O. Cuív, P.O. Danchin, A. Diouf, B. Eerola, T. Evangelou, E. Filipp, F. Klump, H. Kurgan, L. Smith, S.S. Terrier, O. Tuttle, N. Ascher, D.B. Janga, S.C. Schulte, L.N. Becker, D. Browngardt, C. Bush, S.J. Gaullier, G. Ide, K. Meseko, C. Werner, G.D.A. Zaucha, J. Al-Farha, A.A. Greenwald, N.F. Popoola, S.I. Rahman, S. Xu, J. Yang, S.Y. Hiroi, N. Alper, O.M. Baker, C.I. Bitzer, M. Chacko, G. Debrabant, B. Dixon, R. Forano, E. Gilliham, M. Kelly, S. Klempnauer, K.-H. Lidbury, B.A. Lin, M.Z. Lynch, I. Ma, W. Maibach, E.W. Mather, D.E. Nandakumar, K.S. Ohgami, R.S. Parchi, P. Tressoldi, P. Xue, Y. Armitage, C. Barraud, P. Chatzitheochari, S. Coelho, L.P. Diao, J. Doxey, A.C. Gobet, A. Hu, P. Kaiser, S. Mitchell, K.M. Salama, M.F. Shabalin, I.G. Song, H. Stevanovic, D. Yadollahpour, A. Zeng, E. Zinke, K. Alimba, C.G. Beyene, T.J. Cao, Z. Chan, S.S. Gatchell, M. Kleppe, A. Piotrowski, M. Torga and Brown, P. Zhou, Y. Tan, A.-C. El-Esawi, M.A. Liehr, T. Blanck, O. Gladue, D.P. Almeida, G.M.F. Cernava, T. Sorzano, C.O. Yeung, A.W.K. Engel, M.S. Chandrasekaran, A.R. Muth, T. Staege, M.S. Daulatabad, S.V. Widera, D. Zhang, J. Meule, A. Honjo, K. Pourret, O. Yin, C.-C. Zhang, Z. Cascella, M. Flegel, W.A. Goodyear, C.S. van Raaij, M.J. Bukowy-Bieryllo, Z. Campana, L.G. Kurniawan, N.A. Lalaouna, D. Hüttner, F.J. Ammerman, B.A. Ehret, F. Cobine, P.A. Tan, E.-C. Han, H. Xia, W. McCrum, C. Dings, R.P.M. Marinello, F. Nilsson, H. Nixon, B. Voskarides, K. Yang, L. Costa, V.D. Bengtsson-Palme, J. Bradshaw, W. Grimm, D.G. Kumar, N. Martis, E. Prieto, D. Sabnis, S.C. Amer, S.E.D.R. Liew, A.W.C. Perco, P. Rahimi, F. Riva, G. Zhang, C. Devkota, H.P. Ogami, K. Basharat, Z. Fierz, W. Siebers, R. Tan, K.H. Boehme, K.A. Brenneisen, P. Brown, J.A.L. Dalrymple, B.P. Harvey, D.J. Ng, G. Werten, S. Bleackley, M. Dai, Z. Dhariwal, R. Gelfer, Y. Hartmann, M.D. Miotla, P. Tamaian, R. Govender, P. Gurney-Champion, O.J. Kauppila, J.H. Zhang, X. Echeverría, N. Subhash, S. Sallmon, H. Tofani, M. Bae, T. Bosch, O. Cuív, P.O. Danchin, A. Diouf, B. Eerola, T. Evangelou, E. Filipp, F. Klump, H. Kurgan, L. Smith, S.S. Terrier, O. Tuttle, N. Ascher, D.B. Janga, S.C. Schulte, L.N. Becker, D. Browngardt, C. Bush, S.J. Gaullier, G. Ide, K. Meseko, C. Werner, G.D.A. Zaucha, J. Al-Farha, A.A. Greenwald, N.F. Popoola, S.I. Rahman, S. Xu, J. Yang, S.Y. Hiroi, N. Alper, O.M. Baker, C.I. Bitzer, M. Chacko, G. Debrabant, B. Dixon, R. Forano, E. Gilliham, M. Kelly, S. Klempnauer, K.-H. Lidbury, B.A. Lin, M.Z. Lynch, I. Ma, W. Maibach, E.W. Mather, D.E. Nandakumar, K.S. Ohgami, R.S. Parchi, P. Tressoldi, P. Xue, Y. Armitage, C. Barraud, P. Chatzitheochari, S. Coelho, L.P. Diao, J. Doxey, A.C. Gobet, A. Hu, P. Kaiser, S. Mitchell, K.M. Salama, M.F. Shabalin, I.G. Song, H. Stevanovic, D. Yadollahpour, A. Zeng, E. Zinke, K. Alimba, C.G. Beyene, T.J. Cao, Z. Chan, S.S. Gatchell, M. Kleppe, A. Piotrowski, M. Torga

Abstract

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical science. © The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press.

Published
2019

82. Proteomic Profiling of Mouse Epididymosomes Reveals their Contributions to Post-testicular Sperm Maturation

Author

Nixon, B, De Iuliis, GN, Hart, HM, Zhou, W, Mathe, A, Bernstein, IR, Anderson, AL, Stanger, SJ, Skerrett-Byrne, DA, Jamaluddin, MFB, Almazi, JG, Bromfield, EG, Larsen, MR, Dun, MD, Nixon, B, De Iuliis, GN, Hart, HM, Zhou, W, Mathe, A, Bernstein, IR, Anderson, AL, Stanger, SJ, Skerrett-Byrne, DA, Jamaluddin, MFB, Almazi, JG, Bromfield, EG, Larsen, MR, and Dun, MD

Abstract

The functional maturation of spermatozoa that is necessary to achieve fertilization occurs as these cells transit through the epididymis, a highly specialized region of the male reproductive tract. A defining feature of this maturation process is that it occurs in the complete absence of nuclear gene transcription or de novo, protein translation in the spermatozoa. Rather, it is driven by sequential interactions between spermatozoa and the complex external milieu in which they are bathed within lumen of the epididymal tubule. A feature of this dynamic microenvironment are epididymosomes, small membrane encapsulated vesicles that are secreted from the epididymal soma. Herein, we report comparative proteomic profiling of epididymosomes isolated from different segments of the mouse epididymis using multiplexed tandem mass tag (TMT) based quantification coupled with high resolution LC-MS/MS. A total of 1640 epididymosome proteins were identified and quantified via this proteomic method. Notably, this analysis revealed pronounced segment-to-segment variation in the encapsulated epididymosome proteome. Thus, 146 proteins were identified as being differentially accumulated between caput and corpus epididymosomes, and a further 344 were differentially accumulated between corpus and cauda epididymosomes (i.e., fold change of ≤ -1.5 or ≥ 1.5; p, < 0.05). Application of gene ontology annotation revealed a substantial portion of the epididymosome proteins mapped to the cellular component of extracellular exosome and to the biological processes of transport, oxidation-reduction, and metabolism. Additional annotation of the subset of epididymosome proteins that have not previously been identified in exosomes revealed enrichment of categories associated with the acquisition of sperm function (e.g., fertilization and binding to the zona pellucida). In tandem with our demonstration that epididymosomes are able to convey protein cargo to the head of maturing spermatozoa, these data e

Published
2019

83. Mechanisms of tethering and cargo transfer during epididymosome-sperm interactions

Author

Zhou, W, Stanger, SJ, Anderson, AL, Bernstein, IR, De Iuliis, GN, McCluskey, A, McLaughlin, EA, Dun, MD, Nixon, B, Zhou, W, Stanger, SJ, Anderson, AL, Bernstein, IR, De Iuliis, GN, McCluskey, A, McLaughlin, EA, Dun, MD, and Nixon, B

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The mammalian epididymis is responsible for the provision of a highly specialized environment in which spermatozoa acquire functional maturity and are subsequently stored in preparation for ejaculation. Making important contributions to both processes are epididymosomes, small extracellular vesicles released from the epididymal soma via an apocrine secretory pathway. While considerable effort has been focused on defining the cargo transferred between epididymosomes and spermatozoa, comparatively less is known about the mechanistic basis of these interactions. To investigate this phenomenon, we have utilized an in vitro co-culture system to track the transfer of biotinylated protein cargo between mouse epididymosomes and recipient spermatozoa isolated from the caput epididymis; an epididymal segment that is of critical importance for promoting sperm maturation. RESULTS: Our data indicate that epididymosome-sperm interactions are initiated via tethering of the epididymosome to receptors restricted to the post-acrosomal domain of the sperm head. Thereafter, epididymosomes mediate the transfer of protein cargo to spermatozoa via a process that is dependent on dynamin, a family of mechanoenzymes that direct intercellular vesicle trafficking. Notably, upon co-culture of sperm with epididymosomes, dynamin 1 undergoes a pronounced relocation between the peri- and post-acrosomal domains of the sperm head. This repositioning of dynamin 1 is potentially mediated via its association with membrane rafts and ideally locates the enzyme to facilitate the uptake of epididymosome-borne proteins. Accordingly, disruption of membrane raft integrity or pharmacological inhibition of dynamin both potently suppress the transfer of biotinylated epididymosome proteins to spermatozoa. CONCLUSION: Together, these data provide new mechanistic insight into epididymosome-sperm interactions with potential implications extending to the manipulation of sperm maturation for the purpose of

Published
2019

84. GLIPR1L1 is an IZUMO-binding protein required for optimal fertilization in the mouse

Author

Gaikwad, AS, Anderson, AL, Merriner, DJ, O'Connor, AE, Houston, BJ, Aitken, RJ, O'Bryan, MK, Nixon, B, Gaikwad, AS, Anderson, AL, Merriner, DJ, O'Connor, AE, Houston, BJ, Aitken, RJ, O'Bryan, MK, and Nixon, B

Abstract

Background The sperm protein IZUMO1 (Izumo sperm-egg fusion 1) and its recently identified binding partner on the oolemma, IZUMO1R, are among the first ligand-receptor pairs shown to be essential for gamete recognition and adhesion. However, the IZUMO1-IZUMO1R interaction does not appear to be directly responsible for promoting the fusion of the gamete membranes, suggesting that this critical phase of the fertilization cascade requires the concerted action of alternative fusogenic machinery. It has therefore been proposed that IZUMO1 may play a secondary role in the organization and/or stabilization of higher-order heteromeric complexes in spermatozoa that are required for membrane fusion. Results Here, we show that fertilization-competent (acrosome reacted) mouse spermatozoa harbor several high molecular weight protein complexes, a subset of which are readily able to adhere to solubilized oolemmal proteins. At least two of these complexes contain IZUMO1 in partnership with GLI pathogenesis-related 1 like 1 (GLIPR1L1). This interaction is associated with lipid rafts and is dynamically remodeled upon the induction of acrosomal exocytosis in preparation for sperm adhesion to the oolemma. Accordingly, the selective ablation of GLIPR1L1 leads to compromised sperm function characterized by a reduced ability to undergo the acrosome reaction and a failure of IZUMO1 redistribution. Conclusions Collectively, this study characterizes multimeric protein complexes on the sperm surface and identifies GLIPRL1L1 as a physiologically relevant regulator of IZUMO1 function and the fertilization process.

Published
2019

85. Profiling of epididymal small non-protein-coding RNAs

Author

Nixon, B, De Iuliis, GN, Dun, MD, Zhou, W, Trigg, NA, Eamens, AL, Nixon, B, De Iuliis, GN, Dun, MD, Zhou, W, Trigg, NA, and Eamens, AL

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Our understanding of epididymal physiology and function has been transformed over the three decades in which the International Meeting Series on the Epididymis has been hosted. This transformation has occurred along many fronts, but among the most significant advances has been the unexpected discovery of the diversity of small non-protein-coding RNAs (sRNAs) expressed in the epididymal epithelium and differentially accumulated in the luminal population of spermatozoa. OBJECTIVES: Here we survey recent literature pertaining to profiling the sRNA landscape of the mammalian epididymis with the goal of demonstrating the contribution that these key regulatory elements, and their associated pathways, make to epididymal physiology and sperm maturation. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: High throughput sequencing strategies have fueled an unprecedented advance in our understanding of RNA biology. In the last decade, such high throughput profiling tools have been increasingly applied to study the mammalian epididymis, presaging the discovery of diverse classes of sRNA expressed along the length of the tract. Among the best studied sRNA classes are the microRNAs (miRNA), a sRNA species shown to act in concert with endocrine signals to fine-tune the segmental patterning of epididymal gene expression. In addition to performing this homeostatic role, epithelial cell-derived sRNAs also selectively accumulate into the epididymosomes and spermatozoa that occupy the duct lumen. This exciting discovery alludes to a novel form of intracellular communication that contributes to the establishment of the sperm epigenome and its modification under conditions of paternal stress. CONCLUSION: Compelling literature has identified sRNAs as a crucial regulatory tier that allows the epididymis to fulfill its combined roles of sperm transport, maturation, and storage. Continued research in this emerging field will contribute to our growing understanding of the etiology of male factor infertilit

Published
2019

86. Whole-body exposures to radiofrequency-electromagnetic energy can cause DNA damage in mouse spermatozoa via an oxidative mechanism

Author

Houston, BJ, Nixon, B, McEwan, KE, Martin, JH, King, BV, Aitken, RJ, De Iuliis, GN, Houston, BJ, Nixon, B, McEwan, KE, Martin, JH, King, BV, Aitken, RJ, and De Iuliis, GN

Abstract

Artificially generated radiofrequency-electromagnetic energy (RF-EME) is now ubiquitous in our environment owing to the utilization of mobile phone and Wi-Fi based communication devices. While several studies have revealed that RF-EME is capable of eliciting biological stress, particularly in the context of the male reproductive system, the mechanistic basis of this biophysical interaction remains largely unresolved. To extend these studies, here we exposed unrestrained male mice to RF-EME generated via a dedicated waveguide (905 MHz, 2.2 W/kg) for 12 h per day for a period of 1, 3 or 5 weeks. The testes of exposed mice exhibited no evidence of gross histological change or elevated stress, irrespective of the RF-EME exposure regimen. By contrast, 5 weeks of RF-EME exposure adversely impacted the vitality and motility profiles of mature epididymal spermatozoa. These spermatozoa also experienced increased mitochondrial generation of reactive oxygen species after 1 week of exposure, with elevated DNA oxidation and fragmentation across all exposure periods. Notwithstanding these lesions, RF-EME exposure did not impair the fertilization competence of spermatozoa nor their ability to support early embryonic development. This study supports the utility of male germ cells as sensitive tools with which to assess the biological impacts of whole-body RF-EME exposure.

Published
2019

87. Modification of crocodile spermatozoa refutes the tenet that post-testicular sperm maturation is restricted to mammals

Author

Nixon, B, Johnston, SD, Skerrett-Byrne, DA, Anderson, AL, Stanger, SJ, Bromfield, EG, Martin, JH, Hansbro, PM, Dun, MD, Nixon, B, Johnston, SD, Skerrett-Byrne, DA, Anderson, AL, Stanger, SJ, Bromfield, EG, Martin, JH, Hansbro, PM, and Dun, MD

Abstract

© 2019 Nixon et al. Published under exclusive license by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc. Competition to achieve paternity has contributed to the development of a multitude of elaborate male reproductive strategies. In one of the most well-studied examples, the spermatozoa of all mammalian species must undergo a series of physiological changes, termed capacitation, in the female reproductive tract before realizing their potential to fertilize an ovum. However, the evolutionary origin and adaptive advantage afforded by capacitation remains obscure. Here, we report the use of comparative and quantitative proteomics to explore the biological significance of capacitation in an ancient reptilian species, the Australian saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus). Our data reveal that exposure of crocodile spermatozoa to capacitation stimuli elicits a cascade of physiological responses that are analogous to those implicated in the functional activation of their mammalian counterparts. Indeed, among a total of 1119 proteins identified in this study, we detected 126 that were differentially phosphorylated ( 1.2 fold-change) in capacitated versus noncapacitated crocodile spermatozoa. Notably, this subset of phosphorylated proteins shared substantial evolutionary overlap with those documented in mammalian spermatozoa, and included key elements of signal transduction, metabolic and cellular remodeling pathways. Unlike mammalian sperm, however, we noted a distinct bias for differential phosphorylation of serine (as opposed to tyrosine) residues, with this amino acid featuring as the target for 80% of all changes detected in capacitated spermatozoa. Overall, these results indicate that the phenomenon of sperm capacitation is unlikely to be restricted to mammals and provide a framework for understanding the molecular changes in sperm physiology necessary for fertilization.

Published
2019

89. Probing the Origins of 1,800 MHz Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Radiation Induced Damage in Mouse Immortalized Germ Cells and Spermatozoa in vitro

Author

Houston, BJ, Nixon, B, King, BV, Aitken, RJ, De Iuliis, GN, Houston, BJ, Nixon, B, King, BV, Aitken, RJ, and De Iuliis, GN

Abstract

As the use of mobile phone devices is now highly prevalent, many studies have sought to evaluate the effects of the radiofrequency-electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) on both human health and biology. While several such studies have shown RF-EMR is capable of inducing cellular stress, the physicobiological origin of this stress remains largely unresolved. To explore the effect of RF-EMR on the male reproductive system, we exposed cultured mouse spermatogonial GC1 and spermatocyte GC2 cell lines, as well as cauda epididymal spermatozoa to a waveguide generating continuous wave RF-EMR (1.8 GHz, 0.15 and 1.5 W/kg). This study demonstrated that a 4 h exposure is capable of inducing the generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) in populations of GC1 (7 vs. 18%; p < 0.001) and GC2 cells (11.5 vs. 16 %; p < 0.01), identifying Complex III of the electron transport chain (ETC) as the potential source of electrons producing ROS. Assessing the generation of ROS in the presence of an antioxidant, penicillamine, as well as measuring lipid peroxidation via 4-hydroxynonenal levels, indicated that the elevated incidence of ROS generation observed under our exposure conditions did not necessarily induce an overt cellular oxidative stress response. However, exposure to RF-EMR at 0.15 W/kg for 3 h did induce significant DNA fragmentation in spermatozoa (that was no longer significant after 4 h), assessed by the alkaline comet assay (p < 0.05). Furthermore, this fragmentation was accompanied by an induction of oxidative DNA damage in the form of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, which was significant (p < 0.05) after spermatozoa were exposed to RF-EMR for 4 h. At this exposure time point, a decline in sperm motility (p < 0.05) was also observed. This study contributes new evidence toward elucidating a mechanism to account for the effects of RF-EMR on biological systems, proposing Complex III of the mitochondrial ETC as the key target of this radiation.

Published
2018

90. Characteristics of the epididymal Luminal environment Responsible for Sperm Maturation and Storage

Author

Zhou, W, De Iuliis, GN, Dun, MD, Nixon, B, Zhou, W, De Iuliis, GN, Dun, MD, and Nixon, B

Abstract

The testicular spermatozoa of all mammalian species are considered functionally immature owing to their inability to swim in a progressive manner and engage in productive interactions with the cumulus-oocyte complex. The ability to express these key functional attributes develops progressively during the cells' descent through the epididymis, a highly specialized ductal system that forms an integral part of the male reproductive tract. The functional maturation of the spermatozoon is achieved via continuous interactions with the epididymal luminal microenvironment and remarkably, occurs in the complete absence of de novo gene transcription or protein translation. Compositional analysis of the luminal fluids collected from the epididymis of a variety of species has revealed the complexity of this milieu, with a diversity of inorganic ions, proteins, and small non-coding RNA transcripts having been identified to date. Notably, both the quantitative and qualitative profile of each of these different luminal elements display substantial segment-to-segment variation, which in turn contribute to the regionalized functionality of this long tubule. Thus, spermatozoa acquire functional maturity in the proximal segments before being stored in a quiescent state in the distal segment in preparation for ejaculation. Such marked division of labor is achieved via the combined secretory and absorptive activity of the epithelial cells lining each segment. Here, we review our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms that exert influence over the unique intraluminal environment of the epididymis, with a particular focus on vesicle-dependent mechanisms that facilitate intercellular communication between the epididymal soma and maturing sperm cell population.

Published
2018

92. Dust Control

Author

Bulk Handling Workshop (1987 : Adelaide, S. Aust.), Nixon, B, and Miller, I

Published
1987

93. Non-coding RNA in Spermatogenesis and Epididymal Maturation

Author

Je, Holt, Sj, Stanger, Nixon B, and Eileen McLaughlin

Subjects
Epididymis, Male, Transcription, Genetic, Animals, Humans, RNA, Neoplasm, Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal, RNA, Small Interfering, Spermatogenesis
Abstract

Testicular germ and somatic cells express many classes of small ncRNAs, including Dicer-independent PIWI-interacting RNAs, Dicer-dependent miRNAs, and endogenous small interfering RNA. Several studies have identified ncRNAs that are highly, exclusively, or preferentially expressed in the testis and epididymis in specific germ and somatic cell types. Temporal and spatial expression of proteins is a key requirement of successful spermatogenesis and large-scale gene transcription occurs in two key stages, just prior to transcriptional quiescence in meiosis and then during spermiogenesis just prior to nuclear silencing in elongating spermatids. More than 60 % of these transcripts are then stockpiled for subsequent translation. In this capacity ncRNAs may act to interpret and transduce cellular signals to either maintain the undifferentiated stem cell population and/or drive cell differentiation during spermatogenesis and epididymal maturation. The assignation of specific roles to the majority of ncRNA species implicated as having a role in spermatogenesis and epididymal function will underpin fundamental understanding of normal and disease states in humans such as infertility and the development of germ cell tumours.

Published
2015

94. A Structural Study of CESA1 Catalytic Domain of Arabidopsis Cellulose Synthesis Complex: Evidence for CESA Trimers1

Author

Vandavasi, Venu Gopal, Putnam, Daniel K., Zhang, Qiu, Petridis, Loukas, Heller, William T., Nixon, B. Tracy, Haigler, Candace H., Kalluri, Udaya, Coates, Leighton, Langan, Paul, Smith, Jeremy C., Meiler, Jens, and O’Neill, Hugh

Subjects
Models, Molecular, Arabidopsis Proteins, Arabidopsis, Articles, Protein Structure, Secondary, Recombinant Proteins, Microscopy, Electron, Transmission, X-Ray Diffraction, Glucosyltransferases, Catalytic Domain, Multiprotein Complexes, Scattering, Small Angle, Escherichia coli, Protein Multimerization, Cellulose
Abstract

A cellulose synthesis complex with a "rosette" shape is responsible for synthesis of cellulose chains and their assembly into microfibrils within the cell walls of land plants and their charophyte algal progenitors. The number of cellulose synthase proteins in this large multisubunit transmembrane protein complex and the number of cellulose chains in a microfibril have been debated for many years. This work reports a low resolution structure of the catalytic domain of CESA1 from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana; AtCESA1CatD) determined by small-angle scattering techniques and provides the first experimental evidence for the self-assembly of CESA into a stable trimer in solution. The catalytic domain was overexpressed in Escherichia coli, and using a two-step procedure, it was possible to isolate monomeric and trimeric forms of AtCESA1CatD. The conformation of monomeric and trimeric AtCESA1CatD proteins were studied using small-angle neutron scattering and small-angle x-ray scattering. A series of AtCESA1CatD trimer computational models were compared with the small-angle x-ray scattering trimer profile to explore the possible arrangement of the monomers in the trimers. Several candidate trimers were identified with monomers oriented such that the newly synthesized cellulose chains project toward the cell membrane. In these models, the class-specific region is found at the periphery of the complex, and the plant-conserved region forms the base of the trimer. This study strongly supports the "hexamer of trimers" model for the rosette cellulose synthesis complex that synthesizes an 18-chain cellulose microfibril as its fundamental product.

Published
2015

95. Regulation of the transcriptional activator NtrC1: structural studies of the regulatory and AAA (super)+ ATPase domains

Author

Lee, Seok-Yong, De La Torre, Armando, Yan, Dalai, Nixon, B. Tracy, Wemmer, David E., and Kustu, Sydney

Subjects
Proteins -- Genetic aspects, RNA polymerases -- Genetic aspects, Adenosine triphosphatase -- Genetic aspects, Genetic regulation -- Physiological aspects, Genetic transcription -- Physiological aspects, Genetic research -- Analysis, Biological sciences
Abstract

The authors have investigated ATPase domains of AAA (super)+ class which regulates RNA polymerase transcription. They describe the crystal structures of activator NtrC1 protein ATPase domain.

Published
2003

97. Identification of potential sigma (super)N -depenedent promoters in bacterial genomes

Author

Studholme, David J., Buck, Martin, and Nixon, B. Tracy

Subjects
Microbiology -- Research, Genomes -- Physiological aspects, Bacteria -- Genetic aspects, RNA polymerases -- Genetic aspects, DNA -- Genetic aspects, Operons -- Genetic aspects, Genetic regulation -- Analysis, Biological sciences
Abstract

The authors comment on the study of sigma (super)N -depenedent promoters in bacterial genomes. The topics of interest include the use of sigma (super)N in operon regulation involved in flagellar synthesis and tools developed for scanning microbial genome data for identification of sigma (super)N-binding sites.

Published
2000

98. Dorsal Column Stimulation For Lumbar Spinal Stenosis

Author

Chandler Gs rd, Stewart Lt, Love J, and Nixon B

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Percutaneous, Spinal stenosis, business.industry, Narcotic, medicine.medical_treatment, Lumbar spinal stenosis, Retrospective cohort study, medicine.disease, Surgery, Stenosis, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Lumbar, medicine, Implant, business
Abstract

Surgical decompression has been considered the gold standard for the symptomatic spinal stenotic patient. Thirty thousand decompressive procedures are performed annually and this number is expected to increase as the American population ages. Options are limited for the stenotic patient classified as a "poor surgical risk". Furthermore review of the literature indicates mixed results even in optimal populations. Nonsurgical approaches including epidural steroids and percutaneous adhesiolysis have not been completely evaluated. Spinal cord stimulation has a long safe efficacious history in the treatment of neuropathic extremity pain but has never been evaluated in the treatment of spinal stenosis. This retrospective cohort of 55 patients receiving spinal cord stimulation was selected from a total of 72 patients presenting with spinal stenosis over a 4 year period. Twenty-one underwent subsequent permanent implantation with success rate of 67% at 1.5 years. Twelve elected to not receive implant despite "successful trial". 22 had "failed trial". Verbal pain scores, narcotic intake, and function were monitored. Spinal cord stimulation is a promising nondestructive alternative in the treatment of symptomatic spinal stenosis. Mild-moderate stenosis, predominate leg pain, and "positive" exercise treadmill appear to be positive predictors. Prospective trials with rigorous statistical designs are needed.

Published
2003
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99. Placing the transfer of learning at the heart of HRD Practice

Author

Griggs, VM, McLaren, D, Nixon, B, and Smith, J

Abstract

Training evaluation is a key area of Human Resource Development, however, measuring the effectiveness of training and the transfer of learning from a training programme to the workplace can be a challenging activity. This is even more problematic for a training provider who does not have the continuous relationship or access to performance measures of an in-house training department. This paper reports on the evaluation of a training model, assessing the impact from introduction to completion of the cycle. There are three partners in this research project: the training company, the client organisation and the university researchers.\ud \ud Synaptic Change Ltd is a training consultancy delivering bespoke training to organisations. Utilising a case study approach, this project reports on the evaluation of their training model through its introduction at Connect Housing, a charitable housing and support provider. This presents an interesting context for the study as researchers have suggested the distinctive value led culture of the Voluntary Sector can support a strong learning culture within the organisation. The project seeks to assess the value of learning to the organisation derived from the introduction of the model. The paper explores theoretical and empirical research concerning the evaluation of training and discusses the context of the case study organisation. It then positions the methodology employed and how data will be collected. As a working paper, the findings are not available at this time but will be presented and discussed at the UFHRD conference.

Published
2014

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