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In the present paper, we study the analyticity of the leftmost eigenvalue of the linear elliptic partial differential operator with random coefficient and analyze the convergence rate of the quasi-Monte Carlo method for approximation of the expectation of this quantity. The random coefficient is assumed to be represented by an affine expansion $a_0(\boldsymbol{x})+\sum_{j\in \mathbb{N}}y_ja_j(\boldsymbol{x})$, where elements of the parameter vector $\boldsymbol{y}=(y_j)_{j\in \mathbb{N}}\in U^\infty$ are independent and identically uniformly distributed on $U:=[-\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{2}]$. Under the assumption $ \|\sum_{j\in \mathbb{N}}\rho_j|a_j|\|_{L_\infty(D)}, Comment: 18 pages

Collaborative explorations of plant genetic resources are organized annually and conducted jointly by scientists of the Plant Resources Center (PRC) at the Vietnamese Academy of Agricultural Science and the National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Japan, as part of the Plant Genetic Resources in Asia (PGRAsia) project that surveys the genetic diversity of crops in Asia. Due to COVID-19 regulations, the 2020 northern Vietnam exploration was conducted by only Vietnamese scientists from October 17 to 26, 2020. This region is important in terms of biodiversity, anthropological resources, and socioeconomic status. The exploration was conducted in the Quan Ba, Dong Van, and Meo Vac districts of the Ha Giang Province, Bao Lam district of Cao Bang Province, and Ba Be district of Bac Can province. A total of 71 samples were collected, including 45 chili peppers (14 Capsicum annuum, 15 Capsicum frutescens, 1 Capsicum baccatum, and 15 Capsicum spp.), 17 eggplants (14 Solanum melongena and three Solanum spp.), two pumpkins (Cucurbita moschata), one mung bean (Vigna radiata), and six snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). This paper presents the results of the collected crop germplasm along with locally reported characteristics, applications, and planting regimes. The collected samples were divided for storage and evaluation at the PRC and NARO facilities to enable the assessment of agrobiological characteristics and markers of genetic diversity., 農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構（NARO）とベトナム植物遺伝資源センター（PRC）は，ベトナム国内における野菜類を中心とした遺伝資源を探索するため，PGRAsia（Plant Genetic Resource in Asia）プロジェクトのもと，2014 年から共同研究を実施している．本プロジェクトの一環として，2014年から2019年にかけてベトナム北部，中部および中南部地域において，植物遺伝資源の探索・調査をベトナムと日本共同で実施している．しかし，2020年はコロナ禍の影響を受け，探索・調査はベトナムの研究員のみで2020年10月17～26日にベトナム北部地域に位置するHa Giang省，Cao Bang省およびBac Can省において実施した．本探索において，トウガラシ45点（Capsicum annuum 14点，Capsicum frutescens 15点，Capsicum baccatum 1点，Capsicum spp. 15点），ナス17点（Solanum melongena 14点およびSolanum spp. 3点），カボチャ 2点（Cucurbita moschata），マメ科植物 7点（Vigna radiata 1点およびPhaseolus vulgaris 6点）の合計71点の遺伝資源を収集した．これらの種子は，ベトナム PRC で種子調整および包装作業の後，素材移転契約により日本に導入した．, Figure 1点, Table 3点, Photo 6点, Sample Photo 71点

Background and objective Vietnam is prioritizing agricultural production for food export capacity in all national policies. As a result, for three decades, its agriculture has been making quite many remarkable achievements. Methods The most successful one is that the nation has become one of the world’s leading rice exporters and ensures its national food security. Through these endeavors, the Mekong River Delta (MRD), in particular, has emerged as a key region in ensuring national food security and rice export. Results The new era can now see Vietnamese agriculture turning to place special emphasis on commodity quality and the improvement of the living environment. This is evidenced, for example, by the phenomenon that the MRD, as a rice basket of the whole country, is making moves back to nature-based agriculture with attempts to restore the natural ecology, including preserving and restoring local traditional rice seeds, adopting natural farming practices and minimizing the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Conclusion The case studies of nature-based farming practices in the MRD indicate that, while the national agriculture is generally developing large-scale production, the small-scale farming in the region, integrated with tourist and educational activities on-site, is meeting the demands of a highly potential domestic niche market. Moreover, this model appears to be a sustainable farming approach that defines itself as a working green livelihood for the region.

The National Agriculture and Food Research Organization of Japan and the Plant Resources Center (PRC) of the Vietnamese Academy of Agricultural Sciences have collaboratively conducted the “Plant Genetic Resources in Asia” project since 2014 to survey the genetic resources available, mainly those of vegetables, in Vietnam. As part of this project, five field surveys were conducted from 2014 to 2018 in northern, central, and south-central Vietnam. In August 2019, we conducted a sixth field survey in Thua Thien Hue and Quang Binh provinces, central Vietnam. We collected 36 chili peppers (7 samples of Capsicum annuum and 29 of Capsicum frutescens), 22 eggplants (Solanum melongena), 11 pumpkins (Cucurbita moschata), 11 legumes (8 samples of Vigna unguiculata and 3 of Vigna radiata), 4 cucumbers (Cucumis sativus), 3 amaranths (Amaranthus spp.), and 1 tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), a total of 88 genetic resources. After seed cleaning and packaging at the PRC in Vietnam, the seeds were sent to Japan under a material transfer agreement., 農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構（NARO）とベトナム植物遺伝資源センター（PRC）は，ベトナム国内における野菜類を中心とした遺伝資源を探索するため，PGRAsia（Plant Genetic Resource in Asia）プロジェクトのもと，2014年から共同研究を実施している．本プロジェクトの一環として，2014年から2018年にかけてベトナム北部，中部および中南部地域において，5回の探索を実施している．我々は，2019年8月にベトナム中部地域に位置するThua Thien Hue省およびQuang Binh 省の2地域において6回目の探索を実施した．本探索において，トウガラシ36点（Capsicum annuum 7点とCapsicum frutescens 29点），ナス12点（Solanum melongena），カボチャ11点（Cucurbita moschata），マメ科植物11点（Vigna unguiculata 8点およびVigna radiate 3点），キュウリ4点（Cucumis sativus），アマランサス3点（Amaranthus spp.）およびトマト1点（Solanum lycopersicum）の合計88点の遺伝資源を収集した．これらの種子は， ベトナムPRCで種子調整および包装作業の後，素材移転契約により日本に導入した．, Figure 1点, Table 3点, Photo 10点, Sample Photo 88点・20210330修正に伴う全文差し替え適用済：Table 3のCollection No. 73以降のPassport No. およびJP No.の修正、JP nameの「/NIVFS/」を「NIVFS-PRC/」に修正

This paper introduces a new controller module based on a high-speed field-programmable gate array (FPGA) and digital signal processing (DSP) using moving average (MA) filters for calculation of the reactor power and period at the start range of the Dalat nuclear research reactor (DNRR). The reactor power is proportional to the neutron flux in the reactor core, and the reactor period is the time that the reactor power changes by a factor of 2.718. In the control and protection system (CPS) of the DNRR, the reactor power and period have been monitored by the 8-bit microprocessor controller named BPM-107R. There are two main functions of the BPM-107R controller including 1) measurement and determination of reactor power and period and 2) generation of warning and emergency protection signals by reactor power or/and by reactor period. Those discrete signals will access to the logical processing unit of the CPS to prohibit the upward movement of control rods or to shut down the reactor. The CPS has three BPM-107R controllers corresponding to three independent neutron flux measurement equipment (NFME) channels working by logic voting “2 out-of 3”. Each NFME channel was designed for detection of neutron flux density in the full range from 1×100 to 1.2×1010 n/cm2 ×s, which is divided into two sub-ranges named start range (SR) and working range (WR). The designed FPGA-based controller module was tested using simulated signals as well as signals from the CPS in comparison with the original controller BPM-107R. The experimental results show that the characteristics and functions of the two controllers are equivalent.

This report describes the first collaborative expedition to collect Vietnamese plant genetic resources in the National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Japan and the Plant Resources Center (PRC) of the Vietnamese Academy of Agricultural Science to establish an international research enterprise within the framework of the Plant Genetic Resources in Asia Phase 2 project. We conducted a field survey in the central highland of Vietnam (Gia Lai Province) between August 28 and September 4, 2018 and collected a total 113 accessions (16 of Amaranthus sp., 2 of Benincasa hispida, 33 of Cucumis melo, 10 of Cucumis sativus, 25 of Cucurbita moschata, 3 of Citrullus lanatus, 1 of Coccinia sp., 2 of Momordica charantia, 1 of Trichosanthes sp., 7 of Capsicum sp., 10 of Solanum sp., 1 of Solanum lycopersicum, 1 of Lablab purpureus, and 1 of Sorghum bicolor). All accessions were stored as seeds, and subsets were transferred to the Genetic Resources Center, NARO, Japan.本報告は国立研究開発法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構とベトナム植物遺伝資源センターと共同で実施された農林水産省委託プロジェクト研究「海外植物遺伝資源の民間等への提供促進」における，ベトナム中部高原における園芸作物遺伝資源の探索・収集に関わる調査結果である．中部高原のザライ省において 2018 年 8 月 28 日～ 9 月 4 日にかけて植物遺伝資源の探索・調査を行った．その結果，合計 113 点（アマランサス属 16 点，トウガン 2 点，メロン 33 点，キュウリ10 点，ニホンカボチャ 25 点，スイカ 3 点，コッキニア属 1 点，カラスウリ属 1 点，ニガウリ 2 点，トウガラシ属 7 点，ナス属 10 点，トマト 1 点，フジマメ 1 点およびソルガム 1 点）を収集した．収集された遺伝資源は，ベトナム植物資源センターで保存された後，農研機構遺伝資源センタージーンバンクに移送された

We study high-dimensional nonlinear approximation of functions in H��lder-Nikol'skii spaces $H^��_\infty(\mathbb{I}^d)$ on the unit cube $\mathbb{I}^d:=[0,1]^d$ having mixed smoothness, by parametric manifolds. The approximation error is measured in the $L_\infty$-norm. In this context, we explicitly constructed methods of nonlinear approximation, and give dimension-dependent estimates of the approximation error explicitly in dimension $d$ and number $N$ measuring computation complexity of the parametric manifold of approximants. For $d=2$, we derived a novel right asymptotic order of noncontinuous manifold $N$-widths of the unit ball of $H^��_\infty(\mathbb{I}^2)$ in the space $L_\infty(\mathbb{I}^2)$. In constructing approximation methods, the function decomposition by the tensor product Faber series and special representations of its truncations on sparse grids play a central role., 25 pages

The National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) and the Plant Resources Center (PRC) of the Vietnamese Academy of Agricultural Science conducted a collaborative exploration of plant genetic resources in Vietnam in 2016. The exploration was done within the framework of Plant Genetic Resources Asia (PGRAsia) project funded by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Japan. The project started in 2014, and here we report the findings from the third year of collaborative exploration in Vietnam. In October 2016, we surveyed the Muong Lat district and the Ba Thuoc district of Thanh Hoa province, and the Con Cuong district of Nghe An province. A total of 77 accessions were collected. These included: 35 amaranths (Amaranthus ssp.), 22 pumpkins (Cucurbita moschata), 9 cucumbers (Cucumis sativus), 9 melons (Cucumis melo), 1 watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), and 1 sesame (Sesamum indicum). All accessions were stored as seeds at PRC, and subsets were transferred to the Genetic Resources Center, NARO.

Rice-based farming systems in the Mekong Delta have been transformed over the last four decades. Needing to boost rice production after 1975, the government increased investment in water control and irrigation and promoted intensification of rice farming through green revolution technology, leading to widespread adoption of double- and triple-cropping systems. As a result, the area of rice increased from 2.0 million ha in the late 1970s to 4.3 million ha in 2016. The yield of the wet-season crop increased from 2 t/ha in 1975 to 5.3 t/ha in 2016. Total paddy production increased from 4 million t in 1975 to 24.2 million t in 2016, the increase attributable equally to the increase in area and the increase in yields. From being a net importer of rice in the 1970s and 1980s, Vietnam exported 4.5 million t worth USD 2 billion in 2016, 90% of which was produced in the Delta. However, the focus on rice intensification has shifted since 2000 as the impacts on farmer livelihoods and the environment have become apparent. Locking farmers into producing low-quality rice for export has not provided adequate returns, especially as demand has shifted in favour of higher-quality rice and more diverse diets. Intensive use of fertilisers and pesticides has led to soil and water pollution and reduction in wild food supply. Moreover, the “total management” of hydrology in the Delta has had major impacts on water flows, sedimentation processes, aquatic species, and land-use options. In response, the government has progressively relaxed its restrictions on the use of paddy lands and rice-based farming systems have become more diversified, with the increased use of paddy lands for non-rice field crops, orchards, and freshwater and brackish-water aquaculture. The current policy promotes high-quality rice, reduced rice area, further diversification of farming systems, and promotion of agro-ecological and organic agriculture.

In October 2015, we collected 97 fruit and seed accessions (including 10 cucumbers, 30 pumpkins, and 21 amaranths) in northwest Vietnam. All accessions were stored as seeds at the Plant Resources Center of the Vietnamese Academy of Agricultural Science, and subsets were transferred to the Genetic Resources Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO)., 本報告は農林水産省委託プロジェクト研究「海外植物遺伝資源の収集・提供強化」の予算により実施され，国立研究開発法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構とベトナム植物遺伝資源センターとの間で締結した共同研究協定（MOU）に基づいて行われたベトナム北西部における野菜遺伝資源の探索・収集に関わる調査報告書である．調査は，2014年10月10日～21日にかけて行った．ソンラ省のマイソン県、バックイェン県およびバンホー県において探索・調査を行った．その結果，キュウリ（Cucumis sativus）10点，ニホンカボチャ（Cucurbita moschata）30点，アマランサス（Amaranthus spp.）21点を含めた合計97点の野菜遺伝資源を収集した．収集された遺伝資源は，ベトナム植物資源センターと国立研究開発法人農業・食品産業総合研究機構との間に交わされた試料提供契約（MTA）に基づいて両研究機関で保存する．

This report describes the first expedition to collect cucurbitaceous crops in Vietnam within the terms of a Letter of Agreement signed by the Japanese National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS) and the Plant Resources Center (PRC) of the Vietnamese Academy of Agricultural Science to establish an international research enterprise within the framework of the Plant Genetic Resources Asia project. We conducted a field survey in northern Vietnam in the period November 9-22, 2014. We collected 33 accessions of Cucurbita moschata, 19 accessions of Cucumis sativus, and 7 accessions of Cucumis melo. The collected seed samples were stored in the PRC gene bank, and subsets were transferred to the NIAS gene bank, where they were conserved, in accordance with the PRC/NIAS MOU., 本報告は農林水産省委託プロジェクト研究「海外植物遺伝資源の収集・提供強化」の予算により実施され，独立行政法人農業生物資源研究所ジーンバンクとベトナム植物遺伝資源センターとの間で2012年に締結した共同研究協定（MOU）に基づいて行われたベトナム北部におけるウリ科遺伝資源の探索・収集に関わる調査報告書である．調査は，2014年11月9日～22日にかけて行った．ディエンビエン省，ソンラ省，ラオカイ省，ハザン省およびトゥインクワン省において探索・調査を行った．その結果，ニホンカボチャ（Cucurbita moschata）を33点，キュウリ（Cucumis sativus）を19点，メロン（C.melo）を7点の合計59点を収集した．収集された遺伝資源は，ベトナム植物資源センターと農業生物資源研究所との間に交わされた試料提供契約（MTA）に基づいて両研究機関で保存する．

Today, humankind is facing greater challenges than before. Pressures of population growth, environmental pollution, impacts of climate change, growth and sustainable development, biological diversity and benefit sharing are rapidly increasing. It is crucial to humankind in cooperation of research and development of plant genetic resources for sustainable management. Under globalisation, access to plant genetic resources and relevant traditional knowledge and the benefit sharing arising out of their use are key issues for the developed as well as developing countries. These will provide a steady and fairly legal basis for whole relevant parties. Although international conventions/agreements/protocols on plant genetic resources and relevant traditional knowledge access and benefit sharing are already there, application and implementation of these conventions/agreements/protocols are not easy in fact. The differences and disputes of matters prevented global collaboration on plant genetic resources/relevant knowledge use for sustainable development goals. Then, there are acquired flexible approaches as well as social responsibility and professional morals to every party on this issue. Regarding challenges of food security in the future, a common outlook in management and use of plant genetic resources, indigenous/traditional knowledge and intellectual property should be discussed, shared and released.