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This paper takes an authenticity perspective to examine whether followers' perceptions of a leader's feminine, masculine, or androgynous characteristics influence the relationship between transformational leadership and followers' perceived trust in the leader. The research was quantitative in approach. A crosssectional survey design was used to collect data from employees from different public and private sector organizations in Pakistan. The findings show that the relationship between transformational leadership and trust is weaker when followers perceive leaders to be high on masculine and androgynous attributes. Leaders' femininity was found to have a positive effect in the relationship of transformational leadership with trust in the leader. The paper suggests practical implications and directions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grid computing is a powerful distributed and scalable computing infrastructure that deals with massive data-intensive applications. Efficient utilization of the available computing grid resources remains a challenge. Moreover, it becomes even more challenging in the highly dynamic and distributed environment of the Internet of Things (IoT). Replication is considered a key optimization technique in data grids. However, the extent state of-the-art replication algorithms do not consider the position of the replica at the time of the scheduling rather it sends the job request to the Site and then Replica Manager of the Site checks the replica existence. We propose a novel dynamic Replication Aware Load Balanced Scheduling (DRALBS) algorithm, that considers the replica location dynamically at the time of scheduling of the job. The simulation of the proposed algorithm shows promising results and better performance compared to the current state-of-the-art Modified Dynamic Hierarchical Replication (MDHR) algorithm. The response and average access time has been significantly decreased, thus reducing the overall mean job execution time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aims of this study have been elaborated below: (1) to enumerate the common causes of acute abdominal emergencies by ultrasonography in paediatric patients; (2) to establish the diagnostic effi cacy of ultrasonography in evaluation of acute abdominal conditions in children and to illustrate the associated ultrasonographic fi ndings; (3) and, to discuss the role of ultrasonography in guiding the mode of intervention in these cases. Patients and Methods: This prospective study of ultrasonographic examination in 146 paediatric patients presenting with acute onset abdominal pain at the emergency/ paediatric outpatient department section of Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College & Hospital, Aligarh, between June 2006 and December 2007, using 3.75 MHz and 8 MHz transducers of the ADARA (Siemens) machine. Results: Common causes of acute abdominal emergencies in pediatric patients as noted on ultrasonography included nonspecifi c pain (28%), abdominal abscess (21%), acute appendicitis (7%) and intussusception (7%). Ultrasonography was diagnostic in 45.2% cases and supportive in 12.3% of the cases. As for as the fi nal outcome, ultrasonography prevented surgery in almost 20% cases and laparotomy was avoided in 7% of the patients as ultrasound guided interventions in the form of abscess aspiration were carried out. Conclusion: Ultrasonography evaluation of children with acute abdominal pain, helps in making significant changes in the management plan of the patients, and also reveals various clinically unsuspected diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, wireless sensor network (WSN) applications have seen an increase in interest. In search and rescue, battlefield reconnaissance, and some other such applications, so that a survey of the area of interest can be made collectively, a set of mobile nodes is deployed. Keeping the network nodes connected is vital for WSNs to be effective. The provision of connectivity can be made at the time of startup and can be maintained by carefully coordinating the nodes when they move. However, if a node suddenly fails, the network could be partitioned to cause communication problems. Recently, several methods that use the relocation of nodes for connectivity restoration have been proposed. However, these methods have the tendency to not consider the potential coverage loss in some locations. This paper addresses the concerns of both connectivity and coverage in an integrated way so that this gap can be filled. A novel algorithm for simultaneous-node repositioning is introduced. In this approach, each neighbour of the failed node, one by one, moves in for a certain amount of time to take the place of the failed node, after which it returns to its original location in the network. The effectiveness of this algorithm has been verified by the simulation results.