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51. Author response: External validation of a mobile clinical decision support system for diarrhea etiology prediction in children: A multicenter study in Bangladesh and Mali

Author

Garbern, Stephanie Chow, primary, Nelson, Eric J, primary, Nasrin, Sabiha, additional, Keita, Adama Mamby, additional, Brintz, Ben J, additional, Gainey, Monique, additional, Badji, Henry, additional, Nasrin, Dilruba, additional, Howard, Joel, additional, Taniuchi, Mami, additional, Platts-Mills, James A, additional, Kotloff, Karen L, additional, Haque, Rashidul, additional, Levine, Adam C, additional, Sow, Samba O, additional, Alam, Nur Haque, additional, and Leung, Daniel T, additional

Published
2021
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54. Pathogens Associated With Linear Growth Faltering in Children With Diarrhea and Impact of Antibiotic Treatment: The Global Enteric Multicenter Study

Author

Nasrin, Dilruba, primary, Blackwelder, William C, additional, Sommerfelt, Halvor, additional, Wu, Yukun, additional, Farag, Tamer H, additional, Panchalingam, Sandra, additional, Biswas, Kousick, additional, Saha, Debasish, additional, Jahangir Hossain, M, additional, Sow, Samba O, additional, Reiman, Robert F B, additional, Sur, Dipika, additional, Faruque, Abu S G, additional, Zaidi, Anita K M, additional, Sanogo, Doh, additional, Tamboura, Boubou, additional, Onwuchekwa, Uma, additional, Manna, Byomkesh, additional, Ramamurthy, Thandavarayan, additional, Kanungo, Suman, additional, Omore, Richard, additional, Ochieng, John B, additional, Oundo, Joseph O, additional, Das, Sumon K, additional, Ahmed, Shahnawaz, additional, Qureshi, Shahida, additional, Quadri, Farheen, additional, Adegbola, Richard A, additional, Antonio, Martin, additional, Mandomando, Inacio, additional, Nhampossa, Tacilta, additional, Bassat, Quique, additional, Roose, Anna, additional, O’Reilly, Ciara E, additional, Mintz, Eric D, additional, Ramakrishnan, Usha, additional, Powell, Helen, additional, Liang, Yuanyuan, additional, Nataro, James P, additional, Levine, Myron M, additional, and Kotloff, Karen L, additional

Published
2021
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55. External Validation of a Mobile Clinical Decision Support System for Diarrhea Etiology Prediction in Children: A Multicenter Study in Bangladesh and Mali

Author

Garbern, Stephanie C, primary, Nelson, Eric J, additional, Nasrin, Sabiha, additional, Keita, Adama Mamby, additional, Brintz, Ben J, additional, Gainey, Monique, additional, Badji, Henry, additional, Nasrin, Dilruba, additional, Howard, Joel, additional, Taniuchi, Mami, additional, Platts-Mills, James A., additional, Kotloff, Karen L, additional, Haque, Rashidul, additional, Levine, Adam C, additional, Sow, Samba O, additional, Alam, Nur H, additional, and Leung, Daniel T, additional

Published
2021
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56. Zinc influences innate immune responses in children with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-induced diarrhea

Author

Sheikh, Alaullah, Shamsuzzaman, Sohel, Ahmad, Shaikh Meshbahuddin, Nasrin, Dilruba, Nahar, Setarun, Alam, Mohammad Murshid, Tarique, Abdullah Al, Begum, Yasmin Ara, Qadri, Syed Saleheen, Chowdhury, Mohiul Islam, Saha, Amit, Larson, Charles P., and Qadri, Firdausi

Subjects
Escherichia coli -- Prevention, Zinc in the body -- Health aspects, Immunocompetent cells -- Management, Company business management, Food/cooking/nutrition
Abstract

Information is limited on the effect of zinc on immune responses in children with diarrhea due to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coil (ETEC), the most common bacterial pathogen in children. We studied the immunological effect of zinc treatment (20 mg/d) and supplementation (10 mg/d)in children with diarrhea due to ETEC. A total of 148 children aged 6-24 mo were followed up for 9 mo after a 10-d zinc treatment (ZT; n = 74) or a 10-d zinc treatment plus 3-mo supplementation (ZT+S; n = 74), as well as 50 children with ETEC-induced diarrhea that were not treated with zinc (UT). Fifty control children (HC) of the same age group from the same location were also studied. Serum zinc concentrations were higher in both the ZT (P < 0.001) and ZT+S groups (P < 0.001) than in the UT group but did not differ from the HC group. We found higher serum complement C3 immediately after zinc administration in both ZT (P < 0.001 ) and ZT+S (P < 0.001) groups than in the UT group. Phagocytic activity in children in both ZT (P < 0.01 ) and ZT+S (P < 0.01 ) groups was greater than in the UT group. However, oxidative burst capacity was lower in zinc-receiving groups (ZT, P < 0.001 and ZT+S, P < 0.001) than in the UT group. The naive:memory T cell ratio in both ZT (P < 0.05) and ZT+S (P < 0.01) groups was higher than in the UT group from d 2 to 15. Increased responses, including complement C3, phagocytic activity, and changes in T cell phenotypes, suggest that zinc administration enhances innate immunity against ETEC infection in children. doi: 10.3945/jn.109.111492.

Published
2010

57. Characteristics ofSalmonellaRecovered From Stools of Children Enrolled in the Global Enteric Multicenter Study

Author

Kasumba, Irene N, primary, Pulford, Caisey V, additional, Perez-Sepulveda, Blanca M, additional, Sen, Sunil, additional, Sayed, Nurulla, additional, Permala-Booth, Jasnehta, additional, Livio, Sofie, additional, Heavens, Darren, additional, Low, Ross, additional, Hall, Neil, additional, Roose, Anna, additional, Powell, Helen, additional, Farag, Tamer, additional, Panchalingham, Sandra, additional, Berkeley, Lynette, additional, Nasrin, Dilruba, additional, Blackwelder, William C, additional, Wu, Yukun, additional, Tamboura, Boubou, additional, Sanogo, Doh, additional, Onwuchekwa, Uma, additional, Sow, Samba O, additional, Ochieng, John B, additional, Omore, Richard, additional, Oundo, Joseph O, additional, Breiman, Robert F, additional, Mintz, Eric D, additional, O’Reilly, Ciara E, additional, Antonio, Martin, additional, Saha, Debasish, additional, Hossain, M Jahangir, additional, Mandomando, Inacio, additional, Bassat, Quique, additional, Alonso, Pedro L, additional, Ramamurthy, T, additional, Sur, Dipika, additional, Qureshi, Shahida, additional, Zaidi, Anita K M, additional, Hossain, Anowar, additional, Faruque, Abu S G, additional, Nataro, James P, additional, Kotloff, Karen L, additional, Levine, Myron M, additional, Hinton, Jay C D, additional, and Tennant, Sharon M, additional

Published
2021
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58. Campylobacter Abundance in Breastfed Infants and Identification of a New Species in the Global Enterics Multicenter Study

Author

Bian, Xiaoming, primary, Garber, Jolene M., additional, Cooper, Kerry K., additional, Huynh, Steven, additional, Jones, Jennifer, additional, Mills, Michael K., additional, Rafala, Daniel, additional, Nasrin, Dilruba, additional, Kotloff, Karen L., additional, Parker, Craig T., additional, Tennant, Sharon M., additional, Miller, William G., additional, and Szymanski, Christine M., additional

Published
2020
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60. Sanitation and Hygiene-Specific Risk Factors for Moderate-to-Severe Diarrhea in Young Children in the Global Enteric Multicenter Study, 2007-2011: Case-Control Study

Author

Baker, Kelly K., O'Reilly, Ciara E., Levine, Myron M., Kotloff, Karen L., Nataro, James P., Ayers, Tracy L., Farag, Tamer H., Nasrin, Dilruba, Blackwelder, William C., Wu, Yukun, Alonso, Pedro L., Breiman, Robert F., Omore, Richard, Faruque, Abu S. G., Das, Sumon Kumar, Ahmed, Shahnawaz, Saha, Debasish, Sow, Samba O., Sur, Dipika, Zaidi, Anita K. M., Quadri, Fahreen, and Mintz, Eric D.

Subjects
Children -- Health aspects, Hygiene -- Health aspects -- Research, Diarrhea -- Risk factors -- Research, Biological sciences
Abstract

Background Diarrheal disease is the second leading cause of disease in children less than 5 y of age. Poor water, sanitation, and hygiene conditions are the primary routes of exposure and infection. Sanitation and hygiene interventions are estimated to generate a 36% and 48% reduction in diarrheal risk in young children, respectively. Little is known about whether the number of households sharing a sanitation facility affects a child's risk of diarrhea. The objective of this study was to describe sanitation and hygiene access across the Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS) sites in Africa and South Asia and to assess sanitation and hygiene exposures, including shared sanitation access, as risk factors for moderate-to-severe diarrhea (MSD) in children less than 5 y of age. Methods/Findings The GEMS matched case-control study was conducted between December 1, 2007, and March 3, 2011, at seven sites in Basse, The Gambia; Nyanza Province, Kenya; Bamako, Mali; Manhiça, Mozambique; Mirzapur, Bangladesh; Kolkata, India; and Karachi, Pakistan. Data was collected for 8,592 case children aged Conclusions This study suggests that sharing a sanitation facility with just one to two other households can increase the risk of MSD in young children, compared to using a private facility. Interventions aimed at increasing access to private household sanitation facilities may reduce the burden of MSD in children. These findings support the current World Health Organization/ United Nations Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) system that categorizes shared sanitation as unimproved., Author(s): Kelly K. Baker 1,2,*, Ciara E. O'Reilly 3, Myron M. Levine 1, Karen L. Kotloff 1, James P. Nataro 1,4, Tracy L. Ayers 3, Tamer H. Farag 1,5, Dilruba [...]

Published
2016
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61. MOESM1 of Determinants of linear growth faltering among children with moderate-to-severe diarrhea in the Global Enteric Multicenter Study

Author

Brander, Rebecca, Pavlinac, Patricia, Walson, Judd, John-Stewart, Grace, Weaver, Marcia, Faruque, Abu, Zaidi, Anita, Dipika Sur, Samba Sow, M. Hossain, Alonso, Pedro, Breiman, Robert, Nasrin, Dilruba, Nataro, James, Levine, Myron, and Kotloff, Karen

Abstract

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Distribution of observed versus imputed outcome values. Table S1. Enrollment characteristics of GEMS cases included in the present analysis of growth faltering. Table S2. Risk factors for linear growth faltering among children 0–23 months old with MSD including imputed outcome data.

Published
2019
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62. Additional file 1: of Risk factors for death among children 0–59 months of age with moderate-to-severe diarrhea in Manhiça district, southern Mozambique

Author

Sozinho Acácio, Mandomando, Inácio, Tacilta Nhampossa, Llorenç Quintó, Vubil, Delfino, Charfudin Sacoor, Kotloff, Karen, Farag, Tamer, Nasrin, Dilruba, Macete, Eusébio, Levine, Myron, Alonso, Pedro, and Bassat, Quique

Subjects
behavioral disciplines and activities
Abstract

Table S1. Main cause of death diagnoses among study participants as determined by verbal autopsy. (DOCX 14 kb)

Published
2019
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63. Characteristics of Salmonella Recovered From Stools of Children Enrolled in the Global Enteric Multicenter Study.

Author

Kasumba, Irene N, Pulford, Caisey V, Perez-Sepulveda, Blanca M, Sen, Sunil, Sayed, Nurulla, Permala-Booth, Jasnehta, Livio, Sofie, Heavens, Darren, Low, Ross, Hall, Neil, Roose, Anna, Powell, Helen, Farag, Tamer, Panchalingham, Sandra, Berkeley, Lynette, Nasrin, Dilruba, Blackwelder, William C, Wu, Yukun, Tamboura, Boubou, and Sanogo, Doh

Subjects
RESEARCH, GUT microbiome, MEDICAL cooperation, SALMONELLA
Abstract

Background The Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS) determined the etiologic agents of moderate-to-severe diarrhea (MSD) in children under 5 years old in Africa and Asia. Here, we describe the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) serovars in GEMS and examine the phylogenetics of Salmonella Typhimurium ST313 isolates. Methods Salmonella isolated from children with MSD or diarrhea-free controls were identified by classical clinical microbiology and serotyped using antisera and/or whole-genome sequence data. We evaluated antimicrobial susceptibility using the Kirby-Bauer disk-diffusion method. Salmonella Typhimurium sequence types were determined using multi-locus sequence typing, and whole-genome sequencing was performed to assess the phylogeny of ST313. Results Of 370 Salmonella- positive individuals, 190 (51.4%) were MSD cases and 180 (48.6%) were diarrhea-free controls. The most frequent Salmonella serovars identified were Salmonella Typhimurium, serogroup O:8 (C2-C3), serogroup O:6,7 (C1), Salmonella Paratyphi B Java, and serogroup O:4 (B). The prevalence of NTS was low but similar across sites, regardless of age, and was similar among both cases and controls except in Kenya, where Salmonella Typhimurium was more commonly associated with cases than controls. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these Salmonella Typhimurium isolates, all ST313, were highly genetically related to isolates from controls. Generally, Salmonella isolates from Asia were resistant to ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone, but African isolates were susceptible to these antibiotics. Conclusions Our data confirm that NTS is prevalent, albeit at low levels, in Africa and South Asia. Our findings provide further evidence that multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium ST313 can be carried asymptomatically by humans in sub-Saharan Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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64. The role of HIV infection in the etiology and epidemiology of diarrheal disease among children aged 0-59 months in Manhiça District, Rural Mozambique

Author

Sozinho, Acácio, Tacilta, Nhampossa, Llorenç, Quintó, Delfino, Vubil, Charfudin, Sacoor, Karen, Kotloff, Tamer, Farag, Nasrin, Dilruba, Eusebio, Macete, Myron M, Levine, Pedro, Alonso, Inácio, Mandomando, and Quique, Bassat

Subjects
Diarrhea, Male, Rural Population, Etiology, Less-severe diarrhea, Infant, Newborn, virus diseases, Infant, HIV, HIV Infections, Moderate-to-severe diarrhea, Article, Child, Preschool, Prevalence, Humans, Female, Mortality, Children, Mozambique
Abstract

Highlights • HIV prevalence was higher among cases with moderate-to-severe diarrhea (MSD) than controls. • Mortality was higher among HIV-infected children with diarrhea than HIV-uninfected ones. • HIV-infected children were more likely to have MSD. • Cryptosporidium was the most common pathogen in HIV-infected children with MSD. • Escherichia coli producing heat-stable toxin (enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, any sequence type) was the most common pathogen in HIV-infected children with less severe diarrhea., Background Diarrhea is an important health problem among HIV-infected patients. This study evaluated the role of HIV in the epidemiology, etiology, and severity of diarrheal disease among children. Methods The Global Enteric Multicenter Study enrolled children with moderate-to-severe diarrhea (MSD) and less-severe diarrhea (LSD) between December 2007 and November 2012. One to three controls for MSD cases and one per LSD case were enrolled and matched by age, sex, and neighborhood. All children were tested for HIV. Clinical data, anthropometric data, and stool samples were collected. Follow-up was performed at 60 days. Results Two hundred and fourteen MSD cases and 418 controls, together with 349 LSD cases and 214 controls were tested. HIV prevalence was 25% among MSD cases (4% for matched controls) and 6% among LSD cases (6% among matched controls). HIV-infected children were more likely to have MSD (odds ratio 5.6, p

Published
2018

65. Additional file 2: of Pneumonia mortality and healthcare utilization in young children in rural Bangladesh: a prospective verbal autopsy study

Author

Ferdous, Farzana, Shahnawaz Ahmed, Sumon Das, Mohammod Chisti, Nasrin, Dilruba, Kotloff, Karen, Levine, Myron, Nataro, James, Enbo Ma, Khitam Muhsen, Wagatsuma, Yukiko, Tahmeed Ahmed, and Faruque, Abu

Abstract

Table S2. Correlates of pneumonia deaths compared to other causes of deaths in children aged 4Â weeks to 59Â months in rural Bangladesh. (DOC 56Â kb)

Published
2018
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67. Cryptosporidium infection in rural Gambian children: Epidemiology and risk factors

Author

Hossain, M. Jahangir, primary, Saha, Debasish, additional, Antonio, Martin, additional, Nasrin, Dilruba, additional, Blackwelder, William C., additional, Ikumapayi, Usman N., additional, Mackenzie, Grant A., additional, Adeyemi, Mitchell, additional, Jasseh, Momodou, additional, Adegbola, Richard A., additional, Roose, Anna W., additional, Kotloff, Karen L., additional, and Levine, Myron M., additional

Published
2019
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69. Colonization factors among enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolates from children with moderate-to-severe diarrhea and from matched controls in the Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS)

Author

Vidal, Roberto M., primary, Muhsen, Khitam, additional, Tennant, Sharon M., additional, Svennerholm, Ann-Mari, additional, Sow, Samba O., additional, Sur, Dipika, additional, Zaidi, Anita K. M., additional, Faruque, Abu S. G., additional, Saha, Debasish, additional, Adegbola, Richard, additional, Hossain, M. Jahangir, additional, Alonso, Pedro L., additional, Breiman, Robert F., additional, Bassat, Quique, additional, Tamboura, Boubou, additional, Sanogo, Doh, additional, Onwuchekwa, Uma, additional, Manna, Byomkesh, additional, Ramamurthy, Thandavarayan, additional, Kanungo, Suman, additional, Ahmed, Shahnawaz, additional, Qureshi, Shahida, additional, Quadri, Farheen, additional, Hossain, Anowar, additional, Das, Sumon K., additional, Antonio, Martin, additional, Mandomando, Inacio, additional, Nhampossa, Tacilta, additional, Acácio, Sozinho, additional, Omore, Richard, additional, Ochieng, John B., additional, Oundo, Joseph O., additional, Mintz, Eric D., additional, O’Reilly, Ciara E., additional, Berkeley, Lynette Y., additional, Livio, Sofie, additional, Panchalingam, Sandra, additional, Nasrin, Dilruba, additional, Farag, Tamer H., additional, Wu, Yukun, additional, Sommerfelt, Halvor, additional, Robins-Browne, Roy M., additional, Del Canto, Felipe, additional, Hazen, Tracy H., additional, Rasko, David A., additional, Kotloff, Karen L., additional, Nataro, James P., additional, and Levine, Myron M., additional

Published
2019
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71. Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Characteristics among HIV-Positive Households Participating in the Global Enteric Multicenter Study in Rural Western Kenya, 2008–2012

Author

Schilling, Kathrine A., primary, Awuor, Alex O., additional, Kotloff, Karen L., additional, Nasrin, Dilruba, additional, Laserson, Kayla, additional, Ayers, Tracy, additional, Rajasingham, Anu, additional, Rothenberg, Richard, additional, Blackstock, Anna, additional, Omore, Richard, additional, Mintz, Eric D., additional, Stauber, Christine E., additional, Farag, Tamer H., additional, Moke, Fenny, additional, Breiman, Robert F., additional, Nataro, James P., additional, O’Reilly, Ciara E., additional, Amollo, Manase, additional, and Levine, Myron M., additional

Published
2018
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73. Clinical, environmental, and behavioral characteristics associated with Cryptosporidium infection among children with moderate-to-severe diarrhea in rural western Kenya, 2008–2012: The Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS)

Author

Delahoy, Miranda J., primary, Omore, Richard, additional, Ayers, Tracy L., additional, Schilling, Katharine A., additional, Blackstock, Anna J., additional, Ochieng, J. Benjamin, additional, Moke, Feny, additional, Jaron, Peter, additional, Awuor, Alex, additional, Okonji, Caleb, additional, Juma, Jane, additional, Farag, Tamer H., additional, Nasrin, Dilruba, additional, Panchalingam, Sandra, additional, Nataro, James P., additional, Kotloff, Karen L., additional, Levine, Myron M., additional, Oundo, Joseph, additional, Roellig, Dawn M., additional, Xiao, Lihua, additional, Parsons, Michele B., additional, Laserson, Kayla, additional, Mintz, Eric D., additional, Breiman, Robert F., additional, and O'Reilly, Ciara E., additional

Published
2018
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74. Predictors of diarrheal mortality and patterns of caregiver health seeking behavior in in Karachi, Pakistan

Author

Qamar, Farah Naz, Zaman, Umber, Quadri, Farheen, Khan, Asia, Shaikh, Babar Tasneem, Azam, Iqbal, Nasrin, Dilruba, Kotloff, Karen, Levine, Myron, Brown, Nick, and Zaidi, Anita K M

Subjects
Diarrhea, Male, Parents, Urban Population, Culture, Health Behavior, 030231 tropical medicine, Health Services Accessibility, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Odds Ratio, Humans, Pakistan, 030212 general & internal medicine, Poverty, Health Policy, Infant, Newborn, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Infant, Articles, Focus Groups, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, 3. Good health, Hospitalization, Logistic Models, Caregivers, Case-Control Studies, Child, Preschool, Female, Health Facilities
Abstract

Background Pakistan is unfortunately among the five countries that contributed to the most deaths due to diarrhea and pneumonia in 2010. To explore factors associated with diarrheal deaths we assessed care–seeking behavior and other predictors of diarrhea–related mortality in children in selected low–income peri–urban communities of Karachi, Pakistan. Methods A mixed methods study (qualitative and quantitative) using matched case–control design and focus group discussions with parents of children with moderate to severe diarrhea (MSD) was undertaken. Cases were children

Published
2016

75. Effect of β lactam antibiotic use in children on pneumococcal resistance to penicillin: prospective cohort study. (Primary care)

Author

Nasrin, Dilruba, Collignon, Peter J., Roberts, Leslee, Wilson, Eileen J., Pilotto, Louis S., and Douglas, Robert M.

Subjects
Streptococcus pneumoniae -- Usage, Drug resistance in microorganisms -- Risk factors, Children -- Usage, Antibiotics -- Usage, Health, Usage, Risk factors
Abstract

Abstract Objective To examine the relation between use of antibiotics in a cohort of preschool children and nasal carriage of resistant strains of pneumococcus. Design and participants Prospective cohort study [...]

Published
2002

76. Factors Associated with the Duration of Moderate-to-Severe Diarrhea among Children in Rural Western Kenya Enrolled in the Global Enteric Multicenter Study, 2008–2012

Author

Schilling, Katharine A., primary, Mintz, Eric D., additional, Rothenberg, Richard, additional, Bopp, Cheryl, additional, Levine, Myron M., additional, Nataro, James P., additional, Farag, Tamer H., additional, Derado, Gordana, additional, Breiman, Robert F., additional, Laserson, Kayla, additional, Oundo, Joseph, additional, Nasrin, Dilruba, additional, Ayers, Tracy, additional, O'Reilly, Ciara E., additional, Stauber, Christine E., additional, Parsons, Michelle B., additional, Kotloff, Karen L., additional, Panchalingam, Sandra, additional, Ochieng, John B., additional, and Omore, Richard, additional

Published
2017
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77. Aeromonas-Associated Diarrhea in Children Under 5 Years: The GEMS Experience

Author

Qamar, Farah Naz, primary, Antonio, Martin, additional, Das, Sumon K., additional, Ramamurthy, Thandavarayan, additional, Panchalingham, Sandra, additional, Zaidi, Anita K. M., additional, Sur, Dipika, additional, Sow, Samba O., additional, Nasrin, Dilruba, additional, Tamboura, Boubou, additional, Tennant, Sharon M., additional, Kotloff, Karen L., additional, Saha, Debasish, additional, Alonso, Pedro L., additional, Farag, Tamer, additional, Hossain, Anowar, additional, Nisar, Muhammad Imran, additional, Levine, Myron M., additional, Ahmed, Shahnawaz, additional, Breiman, Robert F., additional, Bassat, Quique, additional, Quadri, Farheen, additional, Shakoor, Sadia, additional, Mandomando, Inacio, additional, Hossain, M. Jahangir, additional, Qureshi, Shahida, additional, Faruque, Abu S. G., additional, Blackwelder, William C., additional, Wu, Yukun, additional, and Kanungo, Suman, additional

Published
2016
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78. Epidemiology, Seasonality and Factors Associated with Rotavirus Infection among Children with Moderate-to-Severe Diarrhea in Rural Western Kenya, 2008–2012: The Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS)

Author

Omore, Richard, primary, Tate, Jacqueline E., additional, O’Reilly, Ciara E., additional, Ayers, Tracy, additional, Williamson, John, additional, Moke, Feny, additional, Schilling, Katie A., additional, Awuor, Alex O., additional, Jaron, Peter, additional, Ochieng, John B., additional, Oundo, Joseph, additional, Parashar, Umesh D., additional, Parsons, Michele B., additional, Bopp, Cheryl C., additional, Nasrin, Dilruba, additional, Farag, Tamer H., additional, Kotloff, Karen L., additional, Nataro, James P., additional, Panchalingam, Sandra, additional, Levine, Myron M., additional, Laserson, Kayla F., additional, Nuorti, J. Pekka, additional, Mintz, Eric D., additional, and Breiman, Robert F., additional

Published
2016
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79. The Burden of Cryptosporidium Diarrheal Disease among Children < 24 Months of Age in Moderate/High Mortality Regions of Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, Utilizing Data from the Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS)

Author

Sow, Samba O., primary, Muhsen, Khitam, additional, Nasrin, Dilruba, additional, Blackwelder, William C., additional, Wu, Yukun, additional, Farag, Tamer H., additional, Panchalingam, Sandra, additional, Sur, Dipika, additional, Zaidi, Anita K. M., additional, Faruque, Abu S. G., additional, Saha, Debasish, additional, Adegbola, Richard, additional, Alonso, Pedro L., additional, Breiman, Robert F., additional, Bassat, Quique, additional, Tamboura, Boubou, additional, Sanogo, Doh, additional, Onwuchekwa, Uma, additional, Manna, Byomkesh, additional, Ramamurthy, Thandavarayan, additional, Kanungo, Suman, additional, Ahmed, Shahnawaz, additional, Qureshi, Shahida, additional, Quadri, Farheen, additional, Hossain, Anowar, additional, Das, Sumon K., additional, Antonio, Martin, additional, Hossain, M. Jahangir, additional, Mandomando, Inacio, additional, Nhampossa, Tacilta, additional, Acácio, Sozinho, additional, Omore, Richard, additional, Oundo, Joseph O., additional, Ochieng, John B., additional, Mintz, Eric D., additional, O’Reilly, Ciara E., additional, Berkeley, Lynette Y., additional, Livio, Sofie, additional, Tennant, Sharon M., additional, Sommerfelt, Halvor, additional, Nataro, James P., additional, Ziv-Baran, Tomer, additional, Robins-Browne, Roy M., additional, Mishcherkin, Vladimir, additional, Zhang, Jixian, additional, Liu, Jie, additional, Houpt, Eric R., additional, Kotloff, Karen L., additional, and Levine, Myron M., additional

Published
2016
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80. The Relationship Between Distance to Water Source and Moderate-to-Severe Diarrhea in the Global Enterics Multi-Center Study in Kenya, 2008–2011

Author

Nygren, Benjamin L., primary, Vulule, John, additional, Breiman, Robert F., additional, Jaron, Peter, additional, Nasrin, Dilruba, additional, Ayers, Tracy L., additional, Ombok, Maurice, additional, Lash, R. Ryan, additional, Moke, Fenny, additional, Laserson, Kayla, additional, Levine, Myron M., additional, Rajasingham, Anangu, additional, Mintz, Eric D., additional, Derado, Gordana, additional, Nataro, James P., additional, Awuor, Alex O., additional, Kotloff, Karen L., additional, Farag, Tamer H., additional, Omore, Richard, additional, and O'Reilly, Ciara E., additional

Published
2016
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81. Association Between Shigella Infection and Diarrhea Varies Based on Location and Age of Children

Author

Lindsay, Brianna, primary, Li, Shan, additional, Saha, Debasish, additional, Omore, Richard, additional, Stine, Oscar Colin, additional, Panchalingam, Sandra, additional, Kotloff, Karen, additional, Hossain, M. Anowar, additional, Hungerford, Laura, additional, Farag, Tamer H., additional, Sanogo, Doh, additional, Nataro, James P., additional, Adeyemi, Mitchell, additional, Faruque, A. S. G., additional, Levine, Myron M., additional, Magder, Laurence, additional, Nasrin, Dilruba, additional, Das, Sumon Kumar, additional, and Oundo, Joseph, additional

Published
2015
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82. Diarrheal Disease in Rural Mozambique: Burden, Risk Factors and Etiology of Diarrheal Disease among Children Aged 0–59 Months Seeking Care at Health Facilities

Author

Nhampossa, Tacilta, primary, Mandomando, Inacio, additional, Acacio, Sozinho, additional, Quintó, Llorenç, additional, Vubil, Delfino, additional, Ruiz, Joaquin, additional, Nhalungo, Delino, additional, Sacoor, Charfudin, additional, Nhabanga, Arnaldo, additional, Nhacolo, Ariel, additional, Aide, Pedro, additional, Machevo, Sónia, additional, Sigaúque, Betuel, additional, Nhama, Abel, additional, Kotloff, Karen, additional, Farag, Tamer, additional, Nasrin, Dilruba, additional, Bassat, Quique, additional, Macete, Eusebio, additional, Levine, Myron M., additional, and Alonso, Pedro, additional

Published
2015
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83. Association between Moderate-to-Severe Diarrhea in Young Children in the Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS) and Types of Handwashing Materials Used by Caretakers in Mirzapur, Bangladesh

Author

Baker, Kelly K., primary, Dil Farzana, Fahmida, additional, Ferdous, Farzana, additional, Ahmed, Shahnawaz, additional, Kumar Das, Sumon, additional, Faruque, A. S. G., additional, Nasrin, Dilruba, additional, Kotloff, Karen L., additional, Nataro, James P., additional, Kolappaswamy, Krishnan, additional, and Levine, Myron M., additional

Published
2014
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84. Health Care Utilization and Attitudes Survey in Cases of Moderate-to-Severe Diarrhea among Children Ages 0–59 Months in the District of Manhiça, Southern Mozambique

Author

Nhampossa, Tacilta, primary, Mandomando, Inacio, additional, Acacio, Sozinho, additional, Nhalungo, Delino, additional, Sacoor, Charfudin, additional, Nhacolo, Ariel, additional, Macete, Eusebio, additional, Nhabanga, Arnaldo, additional, Quintó, Llorenç, additional, Kotloff, Karen, additional, Levine, Myron M., additional, Nasrin, Dilruba, additional, Farag, Tamer, additional, Bassat, Quique, additional, and Alonso, Pedro, additional

Published
2013
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86. Health Care-Seeking Behavior for Childhood Diarrhea in Mirzapur, Rural Bangladesh

Author

Das, Sumon K., primary, Nasrin, Dilruba, additional, Ahmed, Shahnawaz, additional, Wu, Yukun, additional, Ferdous, Farzana, additional, Farzana, Fahmida Dil, additional, Khan, Soroar Hossain, additional, Malek, Mohammad Abdul, additional, El Arifeen, Shames, additional, Levine, Myron M., additional, Kotloff, Karen L., additional, and Faruque, Abu S. G., additional

Published
2013
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88. Health care seeking for Childhood Diarrhea in Developing Countries: Evidence from Seven Sites in Africa and Asia

Author

Nasrin, Dilruba, primary, Wu, Yukun, additional, Blackwelder, William C., additional, Farag, Tamer H., additional, Saha, Debasish, additional, Sow, Samba O., additional, Alonso, Pedro L., additional, Breiman, Robert F., additional, Sur, Dipika, additional, Faruque, Abu S. G., additional, Zaidi, Anita K. M., additional, Biswas, Kousick, additional, Van Eijk, Anna Maria, additional, Walker, Damian G., additional, Levine, Myron M., additional, and Kotloff, Karen L., additional

Published
2013
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89. Health Care Utilization and Attitudes Survey: Understanding Diarrheal Disease in Rural Gambia

Author

Saha, Debasish, primary, Akinsola, Adebayo, additional, Sharples, Katrina, additional, Adeyemi, Mitchell O., additional, Antonio, Martin, additional, Imran, Sayeed, additional, Jasseh, Momodou, additional, Hossain, Mohammad J., additional, Nasrin, Dilruba, additional, Kotloff, Karen L., additional, Levine, Myron M., additional, and Hill, Philip C., additional

Published
2013
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90. Burden and aetiology of diarrhoeal disease in infants and young children in developing countries (the Global Enteric Multicenter Study, GEMS): a prospective, case-control study

Author

Kotloff, Karen L, primary, Nataro, James P, additional, Blackwelder, William C, additional, Nasrin, Dilruba, additional, Farag, Tamer H, additional, Panchalingam, Sandra, additional, Wu, Yukun, additional, Sow, Samba O, additional, Sur, Dipika, additional, Breiman, Robert F, additional, Faruque, Abu SG, additional, Zaidi, Anita KM, additional, Saha, Debasish, additional, Alonso, Pedro L, additional, Tamboura, Boubou, additional, Sanogo, Doh, additional, Onwuchekwa, Uma, additional, Manna, Byomkesh, additional, Ramamurthy, Thandavarayan, additional, Kanungo, Suman, additional, Ochieng, John B, additional, Omore, Richard, additional, Oundo, Joseph O, additional, Hossain, Anowar, additional, Das, Sumon K, additional, Ahmed, Shahnawaz, additional, Qureshi, Shahida, additional, Quadri, Farheen, additional, Adegbola, Richard A, additional, Antonio, Martin, additional, Hossain, M Jahangir, additional, Akinsola, Adebayo, additional, Mandomando, Inacio, additional, Nhampossa, Tacilta, additional, Acácio, Sozinho, additional, Biswas, Kousick, additional, O'Reilly, Ciara E, additional, Mintz, Eric D, additional, Berkeley, Lynette Y, additional, Muhsen, Khitam, additional, Sommerfelt, Halvor, additional, Robins-Browne, Roy M, additional, and Levine, Myron M, additional

Published
2013
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91. Housefly Population Density Correlates with Shigellosis among Children in Mirzapur, Bangladesh: A Time Series Analysis

Author

Farag, Tamer H., primary, Faruque, Abu S., additional, Wu, Yukun, additional, Das, Sumon K., additional, Hossain, Anowar, additional, Ahmed, Shahnawaz, additional, Ahmed, Dilruba, additional, Nasrin, Dilruba, additional, Kotloff, Karen L., additional, Panchilangam, Sandra, additional, Nataro, James P., additional, Cohen, Dani, additional, Blackwelder, William C., additional, and Levine, Myron M., additional

Published
2013
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94. Transmission of Diarrheal Pathogens through Drinking Water in Rural Gambia

Author

Baker, Kelly K., primary, Saha, Debasish, additional, Adeyemi, Mitchell, additional, Ikumapayi, Usman, additional, Antonio, Martin, additional, Nasrin, Dilruba, additional, Blackwelder, William, additional, Wu, Yukun, additional, Panchalingam, Sandra, additional, Biswas, Kousick, additional, Kotloff, Karen, additional, Nataro, James P., additional, and Levine, Myron M., additional

Published
2011
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95. Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Burden and Implications for Vaccine Policy in Urban Bangladesh

Author

Brooks, W. Abdullah, primary, Naheed, Aliya, additional, El Arifeen, Shams, additional, Sack, David A., additional, Breiman, Robert F., additional, Hossain, Anowar, additional, Nasrin, Dilruba, additional, Goswami, Doli, additional, Alam, Khorshed, additional, Luby, Stephen, additional, Ahmed, Noor, additional, Saha, Samir K., additional, and Nahar, Kamrun, additional

Published
2007
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96. Evaluation of antinociceptive and antihyperglycemic activities in methanol extracts of whole plants of Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb. (Amaranthaceae) in mice.

Author

Khatun, Fatema, Zaman, Farhana, Mosaiab, Tamim, Mostafa, Fariha, Zaman, Marzia, Rehana, Fatema, Nasrin, Dilruba, Jamal, Farhana, Nahar, Nusratun, and Rahmatullah, Mohammed

Abstract

The present study evaluated the antinociceptive and antihyperglycemic effects of crude methanol extract of whole plants of Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb. (Amaranthaceae) in Swiss albino mice. Antinociceptive activity was evaluated by attenuation of the number of constrictions in acetic acid-induced gastric pain, while antihyperglycemic activity was evaluated through oral glucose tolerance tests in glucose-loaded mice. Dose-dependent and significant inhibitions in the number of constrictions were seen in mice administered with extract at doses of 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg per kg body weight. At these concentrations, the numbers of constrictions were reduced, respectively, by 31.0, 32.7, 37.9 and 44.8%. In comparison, a standard antinociceptive drug, aspirin reduced the number of constrictions by 37.9 and 67.2%, when administered at doses, respectively, of 200 and 400 mg per kg body weight. The extract also exhibited dose-dependent and significant antihyperglycemic activity when administered to mice at the aforementioned four doses. Serum glucose concentrations were reduced, respectively, by 36.3, 58.6, 65.0 and 65.6% at the four doses administered. The results compare favorably with a standard antihyperglycemic drug, glibenclamide, which when administered at a dose of 10 mg per kg body weight reduced serum glucose level by 42.7%. Taken together, the results obtained indicate that the extract merit further scientific studies towards discovery of components, which may prove beneficial in ameliorating pain, as well as high sugar levels of diabetic patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012

98. Clinical severity of enteric viruses detected using a quantitative molecular assay compared to conventional assays in the Global Enteric Multicenter Study.

Author

Cates J, Powell H, Platts-Mills J, Nasrin D, Panchalingam S, Sow SO, Traore A, Sur D, Ramamurthy T, Zaidi AKM, Kabir F, Faruque ASG, Ahmed D, Breiman RF, Omore R, Ochieng JB, Hossain MJ, Antonio M, Mandomando I, Vubil D, Nataro JP, Levine MM, Parashar UD, Kotloff KL, and Tate JE

Abstract

Background: Quantitative molecular assays are increasingly used for detection of enteric viruses., Methods: We compared the clinical severity using modified Vesikari score (mVS) of enteric viruses detected by conventional assays (enzyme immunoassays [EIA] for rotavirus and adenovirus 40/41 and conventional polymerase chain reaction for astrovirus, sapovirus, and norovirus) and a quantitative molecular assay (TaqMan Array Card [TAC]) among children aged 0-59 months in the Global Enteric Multicenter Study. For rotavirus and adenovirus 40/41, we compared severity between EIA-positive and TAC-positive cases assigned etiologies using different cycle threshold (CT) cutoffs., Results: Using conventional assays, the median (interquartile range) mVS was 10 (8, 11) for rotavirus, 9 (7, 11) for adenovirus 40/41, 8 (6, 10) for astrovirus, sapovirus, and norovirus GII, and 7 (6, 9) for norovirus GI. Compared to rotavirus EIA-positive cases, the median mVS was 2 and 3 points lower for EIA-negative/TAC-positive cases with CT<32.6 and 32.6≤CT<35, respectively (p-value<.0001). Adenovirus 40/41 EIA-positive and EIA-negative/TAC-positive cases were similar, regardless of CT cutoff., Conclusions: Quantitative molecular assays compared to conventional assays, such as EIA, may influence severity of identified cases, especially for rotavirus. Cutoffs to assign etiology for quantitative assays should be considered in the design and interpretation of enteric virus studies., (Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America 2024.)

Published
2024
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99. Changing GPs' antibiotic prescribing: a randomised controlled trial.

Author

Wilson EJ, Nasrin D, Dear KB, and Douglas RM

Subjects
Adult, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Child, Humans, Medicare, Otitis Media drug therapy, Pharyngitis drug therapy, Anti-Bacterial Agents administration & dosage, Drug Utilization statistics & numerical data, Physicians, Family standards, Practice Guidelines as Topic
Abstract

A randomised controlled trial involving 54 general practitioners (GPs) was conducted in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory from September 1997 to November 1999. In the first year of the study, 24 GPs, who constituted the active arm of the intervention group, were involved in the consideration of evidence and the development and implementation of a set of clinical guidelines for the treatment of acute respiratory infections. These guidelines were then endorsed in a meeting together with specialist colleagues. In the second year of the study the group of GPs who had been acting as controls, received a moderate intervention consisting of a brief educational event and distribution of the locally developed guidelines. We obtained data from January 1997 to December 1999 from the Health Insurance Commission on prescribing rates for 40 of the doctors in the study. The rate of prescribing was calculated as the number of antibiotic prescriptions per 100 Medicare services. The average yearly prescribing decreased significantly in the intensive intervention group and increased in the moderate intervention group, (p=0.026). A mixed effects longitudinal time series model was fitted to the data to account for seasonal variation of antibiotic prescribing and trends over time. The intensive intervention group significantly reduced their antibiotic prescribing over time compared to the moderate intervention group, (p<0.001). This study has shown that an intensive intervention in which general practitioners were actively engaged in development and consideration of the evidence base for the guidelines resulted in a significant fall in general antibiotic prescribing.

Published
2003

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