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Thermodynamic and transport properties (excess molar volume, excess isentropic compressibility and deviation in viscosity) are calculated from the experimental density, speed of sound and viscosity. The results are analysed in terms of rupture of hydrogen-bonded chain as the dipolar interaction between 2-methoxyaniline and 1-alkanol (1-hexanol, 1-heptanol and 1-octanol) exceeds the intermolecular interaction through dipole-dipole and hydrogen bonding between these unlike molecules. The VE results are analysed in the light of Prigogine-Flory-Patterson theory. Analysis of each of the three contributions viz. interactional, free volume and P* to VE has shown that interactional contribution are positive for all systems, the free volume effect and P* contribution are negative for all the mixtures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) catalyst material is bio-synthesized and fully examined using various spectroscopy and microscopy techniques. Further this synthesized material is used for hydroxylation reaction, for this purpose we developed a simple and versatile bio-based method from aryl boronic acids to phenol. The reaction was studied in the presence of low cost ligand in a hydrated reaction medium without any hazardous organic solvents, as a result a finite amount of yield was achieved in short time (<15 min). The hydroxylation reaction is further carried out in a series of different arenes substituted samples with good amount of yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The western region of the subcontinent of India experiences a tropical savanna climate. During summers, the temperature elevates to scorching 48ºC, which causes intensification in the evaporation rate of the surface of the water bodies of that region. One such water body is the Sardar Sarovar dam's reservoir. This gravity dam is one of the world's largest dams and one of the pre-eminent renewable energy sources in the country. Even though Sardar Sarovar Dam generates surplus electricity around the year, in summer, the value takes a dip. This is when the Global Horizontal Solar Irradiance (GHI) is at peak. This benefactor has been utilised by the installation of solar panels on the still water area. A method was developed to exploit this solar radiation and to depress the evaporation rate of the reservoir to increase the output by the dam. A standard model was prepared for installation of offshore solar panels at the target site. The measured value of the GHI at three nearby locations was acquired from National Institute of Wind Energy's database. This data was interpolated at the target area to estimate monthly GHI and calculate the solar angles and the solar farm parameters. These parameters were used for sensitivity analysis to determine the variation in electricity potential by implementing different types of solar panels. The maximum value of power that can be generated by the farm was estimated to be 173.6 MW. This is 0.59% of the total power generated by the state and 2.77% of the power generated by the renewable sources in the state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Government of India is targeting 175 GW of solar power generation by 2022. As the land is scarce resource in India and per capita land availability is low, the selection of offshore solar power plant is commendable. The present study aims to provide preliminary estimation of offshore solar energy potential available in the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of India. ERA-Interim solar radiation dataset from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) with a spatial resolution of 0.125º (approximately 12.5 km) over the period of two years(January 2015 to December2016)has been analyzed and validated with measured data. Geographic Information System (GIS) environment is used to develop maps with different classes of spatial distribution of annual mean Global horizontal irradiation (GHI) and corresponding solar energy output. Results show that average mean GHI and the estimated solar power generation in study area are 5.49 kWh/m 2 per day and 9372TWh per day respectively. Further, Gujarat and Tamil Nadu regions are having higher radiation value than the other regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study the summary of offshore wind resources of the India has been provided by analyzing the OSCAT satellite data measured over the period of 2 years (2012-2013). In order to determine the feasibility of wind power development in the region of interest and to calculate the offshore wind potential available therein, the Geographical Information System (GIS) has been used to generate wind maps at turbine hub height of 80 m. The calculation shows that maximum range of annual mean wind speed and wind power density (WPD) are 9.7-13.4 m/s and 1048.7-1632.5W/m 2 respectively, followed by estimation of generated power using a wind turbine of 2.1 MW rated capacity. The total area of interest was further divided into zones having different wind classes and foundation technology. Nearly 74% of the area within the region of interest was found to be of class 1. The average annual output power including and excluding conflict areas were found to be approximately 2897.7 GW and 1738.6 GW respectively. Considering area available to matured foundation technology for offshore wind development, India is capable of generating at least 1.6 times of the electricity requirement for FY 2015-16. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an assessment of wind energy potentials of six selected locations in the Gujarat, India, by using a 19-year (1995-2013) ERA-interim wind speed data subjected to two-parameter Weibull distribution function. The results showed that the annual wind speed at a location of Okha and Motisindholi is having an average of 7.1 m/s and 7.0 m/s respectively, and Sanodar has lowest annual wind speed of 3.8 m/s. The maximum and minimum average wind power density and energy are 280.55 W/m 2 , 2469 kWh/m 2 /year at Okha and 54.51 W/m 2 , 479 kWh/m 2 /year at Sanodar respectively. Furthermore, Okha and Motisindholi are suitable for the wind turbine applications where as Jafrabad, Veraval and Dandi can be considered for marginal wind power development development based on their respective annual mean wind speeds and power densities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complex of cobalt(III) ethylenediamine was synthesized, isolated and characterized by UV-Vis, IR, and 1H NMR spectral methods. The binding of the complex with calf thymus DNA was investigated by absorption and emission spectroscopy, viscosity measurements, DNA melting and DNA photocleavage. The spectroscopic studies together with the viscosity measurements and DNA melting studies indicated that the complex binds to calf thymus DNA in a nonintercalative mode. This complex is found to promote photocleavage of the DNA plasmid pBR322 and shows a cytotoxic effect against CHO cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The two catalysts namely C1 @MSN-TP and C2 @MSN-TP improved the methane to methanol conversion by a factor of 30 which is quite higher compared to the reported catalysts in the literature. • New catalysts for methane to methanol conversion is reported. • Achieved high turnover number to methanol under ambient conditions. • Higher aromaticity of ligand in Cu(II)-complex catalyst reported higher conversion of methane to methanol. • High surface area of catalyst improved the faster conversion and reactivity with H 2 O 2. The heterogeneous catalytic conversion of methane to methanol with high yield under ambient temperature and pressure is reported. The new ligands L1 and L2 { L1 = 3,3′-(1,4-diazepane-1,4-diyl)bis(1-((2-(phenylamino)ethyl)(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino) propan-2-ol), L2 = 3,3′-(1,4-diazepane-1,4-diyl)bis(1-(phenyl(2-((pyridin-3-ylmethyl) amino) ethyl)amino) propan-2-ol)}with tricopper catalysts (C1 & C2) have been synthesized and immobilized on mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs-TP) substrate. The two catalysts namely C1 @MSN-TP and C2 @MSN-TP improved the methane turnover by a factor of 30 compared to the reported catalysts in the literature. The aromaticity of ligand in the catalyst enhanced selective conversion of CH 4 to CH 3 OH with the help of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) in acetonitrile (CH 3 CN) solvent at ambient conditions. Improvement in the surface area of the catalysts increase the binding of L1 and L2 , and then the consequent increase in uptake of CH 4 in the reaction system. This improves drastically the catalytic performance of methanol turnover up to 350. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration of wind–solar energy into hybrid system improves synchronization and lowers power generation variations. It is crucial to consider resource simultaneity when selecting a hybridization location. The current study uses data from 41 years of hourly ERA5 reanalysis to analyze the coexistence of wind and solar energy sources (1979–2019). To take into account the combined impact of simultaneity and capacity factor (CF), as well as to show the viability of establishing a new hybrid power plant for base-load and peak-load applications, a novel hybrid power exploitability index (HPEI) is developed. Additionally, by analyzing the yearly power output gain that may be attained through hybridization, the viability of retrofitting existing freestanding power plants has been examined. According to the findings, resource complementarity abounds in India’s southern region and along its western coast, whereas resource synergy prevails in the northern region. Furthermore, the largest peak CF for wind and sun, respectively, are predicted to be in the southern coastline (51.56%) and northern Himalayan areas (28.48%). In seven of the eight research locations, it has been shown that it is possible to hybridize independent power plants that already exist, with the addition of equal capacity potentially increasing yearly power output by up to 400%. In order to achieve net-zero emissions, hybridizing RE can meet the need for clean energy. Project developers will use the findings of this research to determine where to construct new power plants and where to hybridize existing ones.

Climate models help assess the future availability of wind speeds to extract wind power; however, these climate models are mathematical models that include uncertainty in wind forecasts. Finding an appropriate climate model for analyzing future wind power generation is critical. Therefore, in the present work, six Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment-South Asia (CORDEX-SA) climate models and their ensembles were statistically examined in the Indian offshore region using in-situ buoy readings and ERA5 reanalysis data. Statistical parameters like correlation coefficient, bias, RMSD, and standard deviation are computed to examine the applicable model at buoy locations. With ERA5 wind speeds, the overlapping percentage of climate models is later analyzed for the Indian offshore regions. The ensemble model statistically outperforms individual climate models at buoy sites, with 77% overlap with ERA5 wind speeds in the offshore region. Further, the trends and cumulative variations in wind speeds are calculated for ensemble models under two emission scenarios RCP (Representative Concentration Pathway) 4.5 and RCP 8.5. In the future, the North-East (NE) zone will have the most advantageous change in wind speeds (0.21 to 8.68%), whereas the North-West (NW) area will have a negative cumulative change in wind speeds.

Offshore wind project planning requires resource assessment to account for wind uncertainties. Wind data can be gathered through meteorological measurements, satellite observations, and reanalysis datasets but must be validated and corrected to ensure accuracy. The present study aims to validate long-term reanalysis datasets (1979-present) to find the most reliable reanalysis datasets for wind resource assessment. Four reanalysis datasets, such as EMD-ERA, ERA5, CFSR2, and MERRA2 have been considered. Further, validated these datasets with the help of the short-term (8 months) wind data recorded by LIDAR at an offshore location in Gujarat, India. The reanalysis datasets have been observed to underestimate the wind speed recordings. Moreover, ERA5 is the most reliable among the four considered reanalysis datasets, with an utmost correlation coefficient of 0.9329 with reference to LIDAR data. According to the ERA5 dataset, a conceptual wind farm comprising 100 units of 6 MW wind turbines with an overall capacity factor of 39.27% can generate a maximum power of 2.064 TWh.

Increasing the share of renewable energy power generation is imperative for the attainment of Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG-7). Though photovoltaic technology is a reliable renewable alternative in many countries, the land required to expand the installed capacity remained as a prime barrier. In this context, Floating Solar Panels (FSP), also popular as floatovoltaics, are identified as a viable alternative. Installation of floatovoltaics is in the nascent stages in many countries, especially in India, where photovoltaics are popular for harnessing solar energy. Research works addressing the FSP potential of hydropower reservoirs in India and determining their hierarchy to plan developmental works in phase wise manner are limited. This study analyses the FSP potential of all major hydropower reservoirs in India. National inventory data to facilitate floatovoltaic power estimates is created, and an active dashboard is hosted for better transparency and monitoring. Using the created geospatial database, the hierarchy of hydropower reservoirs is evaluated with the help of the proposed hybrid multi-criteria framework developed by integrating Shannon entropy and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) techniques. A wide range of governing parameters, such as (i) available area for installation, (ii) harnessable power, (iii) capacity factor, (iv) elevation, and (v) wind speed, are considered to evaluate the hydropower reservoirs. Overall dominance of each hydropower reservoir evaluated using the proposed multi-criteria approach helps to understand the hierarchy. The findings of this study help stakeholders prioritize the reservoirs for setting up FSP systems.

Color is a key component to increase the ultimate appetizing value and consumer acceptance towards foods and beverages. Synthetic food colors have been increasingly used than natural food colors by food manufacturers to attain certain properties such as low cost, improved appearance, high color intensity, more color stability and uniformity. Varied foods and beverages available in the market may contain some non-permitted synthetic colors and over use of permitted synthetic colors. This may lead to severe health problems such as mutations, cancers, reduced hemoglobin concentrations and allergic reactions. Moreover, 60% of the beverages violated the label requirement without including proper color ingredients. The study concluded that there is a high tendency to use synthetic food colors in confectioneries and beverages and some confectioneries contain unidentified colors including a textile dye. Therefore, the implementation of regulations and awareness programs of food colors for consumers and food manufacturers are highly recommended.

Abstract It is a great challenge to convert thermochemically stable CO2 into value-added products such as CH4, CH3OH, CO via utilizing solar energy. It is also a difficult task to develop an efficient catalyst for the reduction of CO2. We have designed and synthesized noble metal-free photocatalytic nanostructure Ni2P/CdS and Pt/TiO2 for conversion of CO2 to methanol in the presence of sacrificial donor triethylamine (TEA) and hydrogen peroxide. The synthesised catalysts physicochemical properties were studied by using several spectroscopic techniques like; XRD, UV-DRS, XPS, TEM, SEM and PL. Quantification of methanol by GC–MS showed encouraging results of 1424.8 and 2843 μmol g−1 of catalyst for Pt/TiO2 and 5 wt% Ni2P/CdS composites, respectively. Thus, Ni2P/CdS is a promising catalyst with higher productivity and significant selectivity than in-vogue catalysts.

The Present study focuses on the impact of various factors on the growth of wind power generation in seven most wind energy prone states of India, that contain 97 % of India’s total wind power potential. The impact of state-wise policy parameters Feed-in Tariff (FIT) rate, Renewable Purchase Obligations (RPO) and Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) are evaluated in terms of aggregate policy indices that indicate the likelihood of wind power deployment in that state, through multivariate statistical analysis. The wind energy technology with reference to wind turbine specific policies, scaling of the project, the impact of hybrid policy, grid-related technological advancements and the improvement of capacity utilization factor (CUF) are discussed. Further, the impact of per capita net domestic product (PCNDP) and power demand-supply scenario are assessed. It was found that these two factors are non-influential on wind power growth. The outcome of the present study is that aggregate policy indices, captive/third party use of feasibility, presence of repowering policy, actual CUF obtained at the location, delay in cash flow and total available power potential are the factors that significantly influence the growth of cumulative installed capacity. This study provides an insight for policymakers for a quantitative assessment of the existing policies along with other factors and assists the project developers to compare and identify suitable locations for wind power projects in the near future. The exchange rate of 1 USD ($) = 69.38 INR (₹) has been taken throughout the manuscript.

Vascular amyloidosis in Alzheimer's disease (AD) results in the exposure of red blood cells to β-amyloid fibrils (Aβ). The potential in vivo ramifications of this exposure have been investigated by injecting Aβ1–40 alone or Aβ-bound mouse red blood cells into the circulation of C57BL/6 mice. Results indicate that when Aβ1–40 is injected alone, a transient uptake of the fibrils by red blood cells occurs in vivo. When Aβ-bound red blood cells were injected, β-amyloid is rapidly removed from these cells in vivo. Double-labeling experiments indicate that while some of the red blood cells bound to Aβ1–40 are removed from circulation, a major fraction of these cells remain in circulation even after Aβ is removed. Immunohistochemistry of murine tissue samples obtained after sacrificing the animals suggests that within 1 h after injection of Aβ1–40 or Aβ-bound red blood cells, Aβ is found in spleen phagocytes and liver Kupffer cells. Heme staining further indicates that the binding of Aβ1–40 to red blood cells enhances red cell phagocytosis by the spleen.

In the present paper, we synthesized and characterized four N-donor polypyridyl copper(II) complexes (C1-C4); [Cu(mono-CN-PIP) 2 ] 2+ (C1), [Cu(tri-OMe-PIP) 2 ] 2+ (C2), [Cu(di-CF 3 -PIP) 2 ] 2+ (C3) and [Cu(DPPZ) 2 ] 2+ (C4). The (Calf-Thymus) CT-DNA binding studies depicted that the complexes could interact with DNA via intercalative mode. All the complexes, particularly C3 and C4 attenuated the proliferation as well as migration of various cancer cells, indicating their anti-cancer and anti-metastatic activity. Additionally, chick embryo angiogenesis (CEA) assay exhibited the inhibition of vascular sprouting in presence of C3 and C4, suggesting their potential in inhibiting the blood vessel growth. Mechanistic studies revealed that the complexes induced the excessive production of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to apoptosis through up regulation of p53 and downregulation of Bcl-xL, which might be the plausible mechanisms underlying their anti-cancer properties. To understand the feasibility of practical application of anti-cancer copper complexes C3 and C4, in vivo sub-chronic toxicity study (4 weeks) was performed in C57BL6 mice and the results exhibited almost non-toxic effects induced by these complexes in terms of haematology and serum biochemical analyses, suggesting their biocompatible nature. The current study provides the basis for future advancement of other novel biocompatible metal complexes that could be employed for the therapy of different cancers., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Rampant environmental pollution is the most ubiquitous concern of current world. A sustainable panacea to overarching contamination of water-borne pathogens demands cheap and eco-friendly oriented research. Solar energy is effortlessly accessible in most of the weather conditions and can be used for water decontamination. In this context, Solar Water Disinfection (SWADIS) appears to be feasible solution. Herein we are reporting newly developed Carbon nanoparticles (CNP) which shows absorption of light in broad region extending from Ultraviolet-Visible (UV) to Infrared Spectroscopy (IR). This CNP with pronounced photothermal effect has been used for SWADIS. Photothermal effect of plasmonic nanomaterials has massive potential and has exploited for disinfection of water. Moving towards practical device design we have developed an efficient CNP based Multipurpose Solar Pasteurizer (MSP) and Nano-Solar Pasteurizer (NSP) which can efficiently perform the SWADIS. Result shows that upon irradiation under natural solar radiation pasteurizers can thermally inactivate the bacteria. The system proves to be able to perform 100% bacterial inactivation in sunny days. We also conducted bacterial inactivation experiments by simulating 106 CFU mL -1 concentration of E. coli in water to mimic field conditions. Results are evident that pasteurizers achieved 100% bacterial inactivation within period of ˜45 min under sunlight., (Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Acetylene (HCCH) has a long history as a mechanism-based enzyme inhibitor and is considered an active-site probe of the particulate methane monooxygenase (pMMO). Here, we report how HCCH inactivates pMMO in Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath) by using high-resolution mass spectrometry and computational simulation. High-resolution MALDI-TOF MS of intact pMMO complexes has allowed us to confirm that the enzyme oxidizes HCCH to the ketene (C2H2O) intermediate, which then forms an acetylation adduct with the transmembrane PmoC subunit. LC-MS/MS analysis of the peptides derived from in-gel proteolytic digestion of the protein subunit identifies K196 of PmoC as the site of acetylation. No evidence is obtained for chemical modification of the PmoA or PmoB subunit. The inactivation of pMMO by a single adduct in the transmembrane PmoC domain is intriguing given the complexity of the structural fold of this large membrane-protein complex as well as the complicated roles played by the various metal cofactors in the enzyme catalysis. Computational studies suggest that the entry of hydrophobic substrates to, and migration of products from, the catalytic site of pMMO are controlled tightly within the transmembrane domain. Support of these conclusions is provided by parallel experiments with two related alkynes: propyne (CH3CCH) and trifluoropropyne (CF3CCH). Finally, we discuss the implication of these findings to the location of the catalytic site in pMMO., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

A series of four new mononuclear copper(II) polypyridyl complexes (1-4) have been designed, developed, and thoroughly characterized by several physicochemical techniques. The CT-DNA binding properties of 1-4 have been investigated by absorption, emission spectroscopy, and viscosity measurements. All the complexes especially 1 and 4 exhibit cytotoxicity toward several cancer cell lines, suggesting their anticancer properties as observed by several in vitro assays. Additionally, the complexes show inhibition of endothelial cell (HUVECs) proliferation, indicating their antiangiogenic nature. In vivo chick embryo angiogenesis assay again confirms the antiangiogenic properties of 1 and 4. The formation of excessive intracellular ROS (H2O2 and O2(•-)) and upregulation of BAX induced by copper(II) complexes may be the plausible mechanisms behind their anticancer activities. The present study may offer a basis for the development of new transition metal complexes through suitable choice of ligands for cancer therapeutics by controlling tumor angiogenesis.

Three new compounds, [Ru(Hdpa)2PyIP](ClO4)2·2H2O (1) [Ru(Hdpa)2FyIP](ClO4)2·2H2O (2) and [Ru(Hdpa)2IIP](ClO4)2·2H2O (3) have been synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic techniques such as elemental analysis, UV/Vis, FT-IR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR and mass spectra. The CT-DNA binding properties of 1-3 have been investigated by absorption, emission spectroscopy and viscosity measurements. Experimental results suggested that they can interact with DNA through intercalative mode with different binding strengths. These were found to promote the cleavage of plasmid DNA. Cell viability results indicated that all compounds showed significant dose dependent cytotoxicity in selected cell lines and 1 shown higher cytotoxicity than cisplatin on HeLa cells. Cellular uptake studies were studied by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Two novel cobalt(III) pyridine complexes (1)[Co(en)2(py)2]3+ and (2)[Co(en)2(mepy)2]3+ (en=ethylenediamine, py=pyridine, and mepy=methylpyridine) have been synthesized and characterized. The interaction of these complexes with calf thymus DNA was investigated by absorption, emission spectroscopy, viscosity measurements, DNA melting, and DNA photocleavage. Results suggest that the two complexes bind to DNA via groove mode and complex 2 binds more strongly to CT DNA than complex 1. Moreover, these Co(III) complexes have been found to promote the photocleavage of plasmid DNA pBR322 under irradiation at 365 nm, cytotoxicity results of complexes are also showing anticancer activity.