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The purpose of the research is to analyze the validity of human rights during digital activity, since new work relationships are likely to serve to undermine work achievements when rapacity prevails against individual and collective well-being. It is a bibliographical study of a diachronic nature from the deductive rationalist approach. It identifies the consequent stress of the overexploitation of those who work together with the transfer of value when the activities are virtually legally unregulated. Therefore, it insists on the legislative appropriation of societies for the normalization of social practices for the benefit of the collective. The implementation of mechanisms that avoid work stress is demanded as strategies that give rise to the best conditions. It implies restraint and cultural responsibility as ethical provisions that allow correct situations, by repealing permissiveness for the production of fair coexistence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research analyzes the contributions of gender theory for Latin American emancipation. It is a bibliographical study of a diachronic nature from the rationalist-deductive approach. Patriarchal normalization equalizes social practices. Meanwhile, the heteronormative family disposition induces the repetition of psychic structures that favor the accumulation of capital. These transfers benefit colonialism as commercial exploitation of bodies. Meanwhile, gender theory allows coexistence to be thought of together; promotes the expression of human rights by consenting to plurality as a distinctive human condition. It legitimizes many feminine ways of being by providing for the validation of dissenting voices. It is woven with racial struggles every time it denounces violations of the condition of dignity. For this reason, it promotes democratic societies by allowing openings of thought and actions that allow horizontal models of human confluences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Lubelski Rocznik Pedagogiczny is the property of Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

There has been a long-standing debate over the ethics of targeted killing, with many scholars voicing concern over whether technological advancements and normative change are driving the normalization of these operations. Framed through social constructivism, they argue that the persistent use of these operations, combined with a lack of vocal opposition among states, makes a global norm cascade in favor of targeted killing increasingly possible. However, given the increasing number of states that have conducted these operations persistently over the past twenty years, why are these operations still bounded to violent non-state actors? This paper puts forward an alternative perspective that explains the bounded persistence of these operations via a novel construction of the international society/international system distinction found in the English School of International Politics. It argues that international society acts as a firewall against the generalization of these practices, compartmentalizing the potential norm erosion. In doing so, this paper not only reintroduces the theoretical utility of one of the more fundamental theoretical contributions of the English School, but also provides a new framework to understand interactions between members of international society and other violent non-state actors. El debate sobre la ética de los asesinatos selectivos viene de lejos y muchos investigadores han expresado su preocupación sobre si los avances tecnológicos y el cambio normativo están impulsando la normalización de estas operaciones. Enmarcados en el constructivismo social, argumentan que el uso persistente de estas operaciones, combinado con la falta de una oposición energética por parte los Estados, hace cada vez más posible una cascada de normativas globales a favor de los asesinatos selectivos. Pero, teniendo en cuenta, el creciente número de Estados que han llevado a cabo estas operaciones de forma persistente en los últimos 20 años, ¿por qué estas operaciones siguen estando limitadas a actores no estatales violentos? Este artículo propone una perspectiva alternativa que explica la persistencia limitada de estas operaciones a través de una novedosa construcción de la distinción de sociedad internacional/sistema internacional que se puede encontrar en la Escuela inglesa de política internacional, argumentando que la sociedad internacional actúa como un cortafuegos contra la generalización de estas prácticas, compartimentando la potencial erosión normativa. De esta forma, este artículo no sólo reintroduce la utilidad teórica de una de las contribuciones teóricas más fundamentales de la Escuela inglesa, sino que proporciona un nuevo marco para entender las interacciones entre los miembros de la sociedad internacional y otros actores violentos no estatales. Le caractère éthique de l'assassinat ciblé est l'objet d'un débat déjà ancien, et un grand nombre de chercheurs et chercheuses ont exprimé leurs craintes quant au fait que les avancées technologiques et les évolutions normatives puissent entraîner la banalisation d'une telle pratique. Via le prisme du constructivisme social, ces universitaires affirment que l'utilisation persistante de telles opérations et le manque d'opposition ferme exprimée par les différents États rendent de plus en plus probable une diffusion de la pratique de l'assassinat ciblé à l'échelle mondiale. Néanmoins, au vu du nombre d'États ayant régulièrement recours à ces opérations au cours des vingt dernières années, nous pouvons nous demander pourquoi celles-ci sont toujours limitées à des acteurs violents non étatiques. Cet article propose une perspective alternative démontrant la persistance de cette limitation au moyen d'une nouvelle interprétation de la distinction entre société internationale et système international, telle qu'élaborée par l'École anglaise des relations internationales. Il avance que la société internationale agit comme un pare-feu contre la généralisation de ces pratiques, limitant ainsi la potentielle érosion des normes. Ainsi, outre le fait de remettre en lumière l'utilité théorique de l'une des contributions les plus fondamentales de l'École anglaise, cet article propose un nouveau cadre d'analyse pour comprendre les interactions entre les membres de la société internationale et d'autres acteurs non étatiques violents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

More than 100,000 people are disappeared in Mexico, the urgency to find them has prompted groups to develop skills and knowledge to find their whereabouts and to conceive actions of resistance to oblivion and to appeal society to make its own their search and demand for justice. In this text I underline that the disappearance is also a discursive phenomenon where anonymity and criminalization of the victims of disappearance encourages the indifference and normalization of this crime; that the groups of victims generate counter-narratives that seek to subvert the hegemonic narrative about the disappeared and, based on three memory narratives, I propose that the counter-narratives in search of life seek to emphasize, not the disappearance, but the personality and daily moments of the absent people to generate resonance and build bridges of rapprochement towards those who are unaware of, or evade the depths of this crime in Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Rich Kids of Instagram (RKOI) portray luxury lifestyles on social media. The potential roles of travel and transport within these online displays of affluence have not yet been examined. This paper's purpose is to analyse how transport modes and luxury travel are depicted and interrelated through RKOI images. Co-occurrence analyses were conducted using a data set of Instagram posts with RKOI as a hashtag (2012–2018) to visualize the roles of transport modes and luxury travel in RKOI image construction. The findings demonstrate that both energy-intensive transport modes and luxury travel, whether through air/watercraft or luxury cars, play a vital role in signaling RKOI's self-image on Instagram, with gendered differences. The article contributes an original conceptual model of how RKOI construct their image using transport modes and luxury travel. Implications for the social normalization of carbon-intensive transport choices, coupled with luxury destinations as a backdrop, are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cadernos PAGU is the property of Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Portal de Periodicos Eletronicos Cientificos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Transport-related physical activity (TRPA) has been identified as a way to increase physical activity due to its discretionary and habitual nature. Factors thought to influence TRPA span multiple disciplines and are rarely systematically considered in unison. This systematic review aimed to identify cross-sectional and longitudinal factors associated with adult TRPA across multiple research disciplines.Methods: Using four electronic databases, a systematic search of English, peer-reviewed literature from 2010 - 2020 was performed. Studies quantitatively examining factors associated with the outcome of adult TRPA were eligible.Results: Seventy-three studies (n = 66 cross-sectional; n = 7 longitudinal) were included, cumulatively reporting data from 1,278,632 observations. Thirty-six factors were examined for potential association with TRPA and presented in a social-ecological framework: individual (n = 15), social (n = 3), and environmental (n = 18). Seven factors were found to be consistently associated with higher adult TRPA: lower socio-economic status, higher self-efficacy, higher social normalization, lower distance of travel, higher destination concentration, more streetlighting, and higher public transportation frequency with a greater number of terminals near route start and endpoints.Conclusions: This is the first comprehensive compilation of the correlates and determinants of adult TRPA. Seven individual, social, and environmental factors demonstrated consistent associations with TRPA. Models formed using these factors may facilitate more effective promotion of TRPA. There is a lack of longitudinal studies as well as studies assessing cognitive/attitudinal and social factors, highlighting gaps for further research. Those developing policies and strategies targeting TRPA need to consider a range of factors at the individual, social, and environmental level to maximise the likelihood of effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article offers evidence of the embedded nature of bribery in Mexico. Drawing on three theoretical frameworks that deviate from standard individualistic rational‐choice approaches, the paper examines a shared assertion: systemic corruption is a regime so deeply engrained in social relationships and norms that prevents people from attributing a moral connotation to their behavior. Based on individual‐level data from two waves of a national survey on government performance, I find that users of government procedures in Mexico are indifferent to bribery, as the occurrence of petty corruption acts does not influence their appraisal of various administrative transactions. By demonstrating that everyday acts of bribery are, in general, immune to social disapproval in a setting of high corruption like Mexico, this article contributes to understanding better the complexity of such phenomenon and why anti‐corruption policies are not likely to succeed if they do not design ways to cope with the social normalization of corruption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this assay, we discuss how the heterosexual gender norms establish specific practices to the experience of drug-abusive women and to the health care directed to them. We analyze how women are subjected to the condition of object in the health practices, mainly based on biopolitical normalization and organized by medicalization device, which focuses less on hearing of the singularities than on the management of the bodies. We conclude affirming the importance of binding as the relational technology for the increasing of the possibilities for singularities understanding, an important basis for a deeper exploration of the women ways of engaging the world, and for the development of strategies for care and preservation in drug use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within European and Nordic contexts, scholars have disputed how to understand racism and racialization in a context historically different from the American one. While the analysis below underlines the global characteristics and thus mobility of racist discourse, the article seeks to show how racist classifications are understood in different localities. This article explores, in particular, the intersection of race and national identity in Iceland. The primary data consists of interviews with fifteen adults who are identified as mixed, in terms of both race and origin. The analysis shows that Icelandic identity is strongly normalized as a White identity, with the Icelandic body always assumed to be "white." Thus, by definition, "non-white" bodies must be from somewhere else. However, the interviews also indicate that while constantly having to explain themselves as nonWhite, these "mixed-race" individuals did not feel rejected as Icelandic nor strongly discriminated against, which contrasts with experiencesfrom other European countries. Finally, the discussion focuses on Iceland's outward image and the recent branding of Iceland as a destination by the tourism industry, which works toward further racialization of the Icelandic population as a White population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of WestEnd is the property of Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Human personalities, characters, and habits are socially instructed and learned, traditionally from others, but also with others. Either way, social influence plays a fundamental role in human development , affecting individuals at any age and from any background. According to Piaget’s stages of cognitive development, in the preoperational stage, the primary sources of such influence are parents, teachers, and siblings, and in subsequent stages, both peers and socially constructed knowledge gatekeepers (i.e., schools and newspapers) become increasingly important. In the preoperational stage, infants demonstrate animism, that is, they tend to assign life and feeling to nonliving things. Consequently, they can believe that “The Internet” is a real person and, being equally unable to differentiate between advertising and other media content, believe what “it” is telling them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The motion picture Charly (1968) stars Cliff Robertson as a cognitively impaired bakery worker who undergoes an experimental intelligence-enhancing neurosurgical procedure that temporarily grants him superhuman intelligence. Although Charly may seem merely to endorse the dominant sf trope of cure for disability, it offers a complex and equivocal engagement with the growing "normalization" agenda in the 1960s US, by which cognitively impaired persons were moved out of institutions in order to lead lives as close to culturally normative as possible. The movie partly affirms normalization and its social critique through the narrative continuity between Charly before and after his neurosurgery, and by the inclusion of cognitively impaired children within the cast. Robertson's performance also conveys Charly's deliberate performance as an object of ridicule within his workplace. However, Charly also gestures to ongoing anxieties about the sexuality of cognitively impaired persons, and it questions the normative valorization of intelligence in modern society. Although the movie's plural visual style was criticized by contemporary reviews, its aesthetic offers a dialogic model of the self, and resists the centripetal tendency to filmmaking within a single authoritative or neutral style. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the impact of climate change, the use of both energy and resources that lock in future energy use is receiving heightened attention. New Zealand has lagged behind many similar countries in not requiring an explicit energy certification for dwellings. This paper reviews the form of energy certification used by similar countries and discusses the potential impact of applying the various forms to New Zealand dwellings. Specifically, it compares how different forms of comparison, or normalisation, value the features of a home and implicitly rate which dwellings are considered 'like' each other. Of the 85 buildings compared none received consistent rankings across all the normalisation methods and only one was in the 'better' half of the data under all nine of the normalisation methods used. Some of the forms of normalisation systematically advantaged large dwellings, and others small dwellings. Since normalisation methods can be chosen to value certain aspects of dwelling design, there needs to be a discussion about what we value in dwellings in order to determine which method(/s) would be appropriate for New Zealand. The main purpose of this paper is to alert social scientists of the need to have this value-based discussion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women in Colombia face difficulties related to the patriarchal traits of their societies and well-known conflict afflicting the country since 1948. In this critical context, our aim is to study the relationship between baseline sociodemographic factors and variables associated to fertility, partnership patterns, and work activity. To best exploit the explanatory structure, we propose a Bayesian multivariate density regression model, which can accommodate mixed responses with censored, constrained, and binary traits. The flexible nature of the models allows for nonlinear regression functions and non-standard features in the errors, such as asymmetry or multi-modality. The model has interpretable covariatedependent weights constructed through normalization, allowing for combinations of categorical and continuous covariates. Computational difficulties for inference are overcome through an adaptive truncation algorithm combining adaptive Metropolis-Hastings and sequential Monte Carlo to create a sequence of automatically truncated posterior mixtures. For our study on Colombian women's life patterns, a variety of quantities are visualised and described, and in particular, our findings highlight the detrimental impact of family violence on women's choices and behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of our study is to analyze how the government can ensure economic security in a socially oriented economy and to develop measures for improving the economic effectiveness of the Central Federal District (CFD). Most of the social indicators we analyzed fail to reach their threshold value, which corresponds to low (pre-crisis) and crisis levels. We provide a model for comparing actual and threshold values based on the statistical normalization of various social indicators. Based on the results of our study, we assess the economic security of the Central Federal District as low (i.e., pre-crisis) and propose a number of measures to improve the effectiveness of the government to ensure economic security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Certain practices are excluded from markets, even though they may contribute to more sustainable systems. Other practices are integral to markets despite their highly detrimental impacts. This study investigates how alternative practices in the food sector became integrated into the market through normalisation processes. Using a qualitative approach, it examines the processes by which practices, including the recovery, distribution and consumption of food waste, went from being excluded from a mainstream food market to becoming normalised within it. Normalisation occurs as a result of retracing the biography of an object, building community, rituals and sacrifices. The author discusses theoretical and managerial implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In the early 2000s, alcohol use among young people began to decline in many western countries, especially among adolescents (ages between 12–17 years old). These declines have continued steadily over the past two decades, against the backdrop of much smaller declines among the general population. Argument Hypotheses examining individual factors fail adequately to provide the necessary 'big picture' thinking needed to understand declines in adolescent drinking. We use the normalisation thesis to argue that there is strong international evidence for both processes of denormalisation of drinking and normalisation of non‐drinking occurring for adolescents in many western countries. Conclusions: Research on declining adolescent drinking provides evidence of both denormalisation of alcohol consumption and normalisation of non‐drinking. This has implications for enabling policy environments more amenable to regulation and increasing the acceptability of non‐drinking in social contexts. Normalisation theory (and its various interpretations) provides a useful multi‐dimensional tool for understanding declines in adolescent drinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Sociological and criminological research demonstrates that involvement in conventional social institutions and having a "stake in conformity" serves as a protective factor against various forms of substance use. Yet, the normalization of prescription drug misuse raises questions about these processes. Drawing on interviews of 162 young adult prescription drug misusers, we demonstrate that the normalization of prescription drug misuse is driven by facets of the conventional social institutions of medicine, the family, school, and the workplace. These findings not only contrast the large body of research on the protective role these social institutions typically play regarding substance use, but also the subcultural context of leisure that has historically produced processes of drug normalization among young adults. Through processes of pharmaceuticalization as well as family and institutionally based peer associations, prescription drug misuse emerges as a common and contradictory way in which young adults navigate social expectations of conformity within the contexts of conventional social institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the meanings and controversies surrounding sales by public auction in British colonial Calcutta and in London during the last decades of the eighteenth century. For Britons living in Calcutta's European sector, auctions were essential for acquiring imported European items that granted a sense of gentility and Britishness abroad. Public sales in Calcutta provided Britons with goods that instilled the fantasy of living in a British geography in India. However, by the last quarter of the century, 'sales by hammer' throughout the colonial world carried association with corruption, cruelty, and orientalization in the metropolitan imagination. In Britain, textual and visual accounts circulated of Europeans transforming into debauched 'nabobs', of the horrors of American slave auctions, and of the British East India Company's use of public sales to defraud and abuse prominent Indians. For some metropolitan observers, sales by hammer were a deceitful means of seizing property and status from the traditional landed elite of India and Britain. British critics feared that colonial auction practices could become common in Britain and could lead to the upending of social hierarchization and the normalization of slavery in the metropolis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report an off-season surge of influenza A infections among children in Qatar coinciding with the relaxation of COVID-19 related social restrictions and the normalization of international travel. The unusual surge may be related to population waning immunity after a prolonged reduced influenza A activity in Qatar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research uses the theoretical framework of CALL normalisation developed by Bax (2003) and Chambers and Bax (2006) to offer a systematic review (Gough et al., 2012) of the uses and spread of data-driven learning (DDL) and corpora in language learning and teaching across five major CALL-related journals during the 2011–2015 period. DDL research represented 4.2% of all published papers on CALL during this time frame. The main focus of research was found to be the use of concordancing and collocations when developing university students' writing skills. Contrary to previous research, access to technology was not identified as an impeding factor for normalisation. Syllabus integration and a lack of contribution from language teachers other than researchers emerged as threats to the normalisation of corpora use. Further theorisation is needed if DDL and corpora are to expand their influence on mainstream second language education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The normalization of gender-based violence (GBV) consists of all those cultural beliefs and values that sustain, justify, or minimize GBV perpetration. Acknowledging the lack of instruments addressing the normalization of GBV and its constitutive sociocultural dimensions, this article presents the conceptual development and initial validation of the Normalization of gender-based violence against women scale. This 18-item instrument could be used to assess the normalization of violence against women in GBV survivors of various cultural contexts. The scale has been developed through a sizeable mixed-methods study. This paper reports the qualitative portion of the study that allowed the development of the instrument and assessment of its content and face validity. In particular, the method section details the process by which the assessed scale's domain has been identified through an expert panel workshop, the analysis of GBV survivor's interviews, and the review of existing scales. The assessment of face and content validity, trough expert judges' evaluation and Cognitive Interviewing, is presented. This instrument is the first normalization scale developed by a multicultural team for use with violence survivors. The techniques used to construct this scale aimed to capture cultural aspects of normalization that might be shared across women from diverse groups. Therefore, its use could enable social or health care providers worldwide to program or evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to contrast GBV by promoting a clearer understanding of cultural and social norms that sustain the acceptance and normalization of violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ransomware attacks have led many healthcare hospitals to migrate back to their traditional methods of monitoring patients using pen and paper instead of using implantable medical devices remotely. Studying the behaviour of payload ransomware on an approved actual healthcare dataset obtained from ICU and correctly clustering them into normal and malicious records after manifestation is the primary focus of this study. The features decided were upon the possibility of being captured remotely and their frequency of occurrences. Data transformation was included, to handle the encrypted values and perform data normalization, prior to the clustering process. Unsupervised machine learning gained a lot of attention in the cybersecurity domain for its efficiency and capability of clustering tuples into malicious and benign categories. However, on the internet of medical things (IoMT), due to the constraints of the interconnected nodes, clustering of malicious activities became highly challenging and demanded to secure the infrastructure. This work used unsupervised machine learning techniques of k-means, DBscan, and mean shift compared to a threshold-based method which outperformed them with a precision of 100%. The performance metrics used in this work are; precision, recall and f1 score. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reforms process in the erstwhile FATA region is a work in progress that goes with a very slow pace. Successive Pakistani regimes have attempted different reform packages and development strategies but it did not substantially transform the region and its governance issues continued. There are some serious challenging factors that have been blocking the road to its reforms and normalization. The Afghan factor is one among these hindering factors. This study seeks to discuss the Afghan factor as a major barricade to the FATA region reforms and development. Afghanistan is an unstable stable state and FATA shares a long border with her. Due to geographical proximity with Afghanistan, the region has consistently been remained in a perpetual state of crises and conflicts and its development has always taken a back seat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This Article discusses the problem of implicit bias within the legal profession; why its persistence impedes the work that lawyers do; and the need for leaders to take steps to recognize, understand, and ameliorate it. Implicit biases, also referred to as unconscious biases, are prejudices that people have, but are unaware of their existence. These biases act as mental shortcuts based on known stereotypes and social norms that cause people to make decisions that favor one group to the detriment of another. Even though the United States has laws prohibiting discrimination on the basis of race, religion, gender, and disability, these laws are incapable of confronting the systemic racism perpetuated by implicit bias. A law will not prevent people from reacting to biases that they are unaware they hold. For this reason, leaders cannot lead equitably without first discovering what biases may be influencing their decisions at the sub-conscious level. This Article calls for leaders within the legal profession to educate themselves about implicit bias, discover what implicit biases they harbor on a personal level, take time to ensure that their decisions are not being influenced by such biases, take steps to de-bias, and lead their constituents to do the same. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of World & Word / Świat & Słowo is the property of University of Bielsko-Biala and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Story Makers Press (SMP) is a University-based publisher which co-constructs stories with under-represented groups of children in order to diversify representation in children's literature and disrupt the way adult perceptions of normality pattern children's literature (aetonormativity). In this paper we analyse six drama and creative writing workshops run by SMP with Czech and Slovak Roma children from an inner city primary school in the north of England to co-construct a story about climate change. Our analysis identifies how in developing the story, the children were often reluctant to draw upon their funds of knowledge relating to their Roma backgrounds, instead Westernising their protagonists and settings. We also explore how the children disrupt aetonormativity by interweaving magical elements into realistic narrative about climate change in order to establish a genre of magical realism. Finally, we identify how this genre of magical realism is problematic when considering stereotypical depictions of Roma characters in children's literature and how changes were made to our story in light of a critical race theory reading of the first draft. As well as helping SMP to refine its processes, this analysis suggests that minority groups such as Roma need to be able to draw upon more literary representations of Roma in order to shape their creative outputs and that the curriculum needs to focus on developing children's critical responses to the representation of minority ethnic groups in children's literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the position towards Jews, Judaism, and the State of Israel of Sheikh Dr. Ahmad al-Raysuni, the Moroccan scholar who is the current president of the International Union of Muslim Scholars (IUMS). It discusses Raysuni's legal rulings on normalisation and peace agreement with Israel, as well as his pragmatic legal opinion about Muslims living in Israel. The latter is contrasted with that of the former president of the IUMS, Sheikh Yusuf Qaraḍawi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Media programing addressing controversial topics among youth has grown; however, research has yet to consider the correlates of viewing on a global scale. Using the theory of normative social behavior (TNSB), this study examined perceived norms about mental illness among a sample of 3,520 adolescent and young adult viewers and nonviewers of 13 Reasons Why in Australia/New Zealand, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Brazil. We assessed the influence of viewer age and culture on the association between descriptive and injunctive mental illness norms and reports of prosocial mental health-related behaviors (e.g., talking about suicide with others). Results indicated a positive association between the number of episodes viewed and perceived norms, and among viewers, descriptive and injunctive norms related to reports of mental health-related behavior change in all regions, although the process differed based on age and culture. We conclude with implications for the predictions of the TNSB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Confluenze. Rivista di Studi Iberoamericani is the property of Universita di Bologna, Dipartimento di Lingue, Letterature e Culture Moderne and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Moreana is the property of Edinburgh University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The problem of hiring people with disabilities is a topical issue that concerns two sides - employers and people with disabilities. The quality of life of each person is directly related to the state of his employment in the labor market. For his socialization in society, the level of self-confidence they builds, and for the sense of completeness, the same criteria apply as for the quality of life, namely the presence of professional realization. The term "normalization", first used by Bengt Nirje (1982), is based on the idea of providing living conditions accessible to all people. These conditions are related to the equal participation in the life of society of all its members - with and without disabilities. Normalization requires certain economic conditions that allow any society to provide an accessible environment for people with special needs. Part of this process is providing jobs for people with disabilities, as well as creating new jobs that they could perform. The publication presents the results of a survey for the level of professional realization of young people between 19- 30 years with sensory impairments, made in connection with the National Research Program "Young Scientists and Postdoctoral Students" of the Ministry of Education and Science. The prepared questionnaire contains 14 questions, through which it aims to reveal the level of professional realization of young people with impaired vision and hearing impairment and the barriers they face when finding a employment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 2020, people have faced the challenge of constructing new visual modes of online workplace meetings, because we had to use our home for working communications purposes and as a new medium. Mediatisation of home involves redefining semiotic resources and communicational norms concerning the appearance of participants, the background, the use of camera and microphone. The results of the poll demonstrate that this redefining has two aspects: 1) the use of semiotic repertoire to transmit meaningful information about the self and own positions, attitudes, and roles in the communication; and 2) normalisation of own and others' actions during online meetings from home. The results of the survey contribute to awareness of how the issue of private and working/corporate places is being debated. The author claims that technical aspects of online meetings are at the beginning of their ethical reconstruction, which would provide online workplace communications with new traditions and rules of use of camera and microphone as meaningful parts of the semiotic repertoire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines that risk frontiers normalized the Insurance Council of New Zealand (ICNZ's) Disaster List. Topics include considered that normalization is the process of estimating the costs to the insurance sector of historic events if they were to occur now under current societal conditions and normalization is necessary to draw conclusions about trends in the cost of natural disasters and the impact of climate change.

Fouling in soccer has been studied from an ethical standpoint as a measure of aggression. However, there is limited research related to fouling for performance. The present study investigated fouling as a factor influencing performance in European soccer leagues. Out of possession fouls (FPGNorm), yellow cards (YCFNorm), and their ratio (YCPFPG) were used as predictors of points (Pts) and goals conceded (GA) at the end of the season using three separate linear regression models. Furthermore, 5-fold cross-validation was used to measure out sample reliability. All the models significantly predicted GA and Pts (p < 0.001). Models predicting GA showed higher reliability than models predicting points. Cross validation (CV) results suggested that FPGNorm and YCPFPG models showed a small standard deviation (SD) in the R2 results whereas the results from YCFNorm were not reliable to high SD in the 5-fold CV results. In summary, FPGNorm and YCPFPG seem to predict success (low GA and high Pts) across European soccer leagues, with EPL showing the maximum effect. The findings of the current study and the methodology can be applied to an actual game analysis by coaches in multiple invasion sports. Normalizing for out of possession time is a crucial step for the time spent in particular phases of play, which has not been done in previous research while analyzing 'key performance indices' (KPIs). Normalization can successfully introduce domain-specific knowledge into predictors, which can be used in complex algorithms improving predictions and investigation of underlying mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability of AI to create its own abstractions, independent of direct human intervention, evidences its vibrancy. But because its independently generated abstractions remain opaque, AI is brittle. This essay uses performance studies and nonmaterial performance to analyze four case studies of AI: a troubling performance of bias in face hallucination software (PULSE); a toy example that allows us to see the neuron'seye view of a neural network (TensorFlow Playground); a visualization tool for the InceptionV3 image classifier that exposes the strangeness of abstractions (Google DeepDream); and a generative adversarial network that demonstrates the fragility of classification networks. AI shows us who we are. The result of the AI's obliviousness to racism and sexism is implicit normalization and endorsement. AI is biased because we fail to teach it to be otherwise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We proposed an application and data variations-independent, generic social media Textual Variations Handler (TVH) to deal with a wide range of noise in textual data generated in various social media (SM) applications for enhanced text analysis. The aim is to build an effective hybrid normalization technique that ensures the use of useful information of the noisy text in its intended form instead of filtering them out to analyze SM text better. The proposed TVH performs context-aware text normalization based on intended meaning to avoid the wrong word substitution. We integrate the TVH with state-of-the-art (SOTA) deep-learning-based text analysis methods to enhance their performance for noisy SM text data. The proposed scheme shows promising improvement in the text analysis of informal SM text in terms of precision, recall, accuracy, and F1-score in simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Al-Frahids Arts is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Al-Frahids Arts is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article analyzes social media presence of all parties, leaders, and candidates (PLCs) during Israel's 2015 electoral campaign, within a transformational era for online campaigns. The article adheres to the theoretical frameworks of normalisation/equalisation hypotheses and personalised politics. Its research design is based on a cross-platform analysis. Findings indicate not only a centralised personalisation trend but rather a depersonalised web sphere. Leaders are more prominent online compared to other candidates; and parties out-perform their leaders, too. Furthermore, findings point to a normalised web sphere, even when referring to new and trendy platforms, revealing that the chances of political newcomers entering the parliamentary arena are scarce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]