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Myrsidea incerta (Kellogg, 1896) Menopon incertum Kellogg, 1896b: 533, pl. 73, fig. 2. Veracruz: Catharus ustulatus ustulatus, Tres Zapotes, 29 Jan. 1940, M.A. Carriker Jr (Ansari 1956). Note: Specimens of M. incerta were identified by Ansari (1956) as “ Myrsidea scabiei sp. nov. ”, and the host as “ Hylocichla u. ustulata (Nuttal)”., Published as part of Sánchez-Montes, Sokani, Colunga-Salas, Pablo, Álvarez-Castillo, Lucía, Guzmán-Cornejo, Carmen & Montiel-Parra, Griselda, 2018, Chewing lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) associated with vertebrates in Mexico, pp. 1-109 in Zootaxa 4372 (1) on page 17, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4372.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3098143, {"references":["Kellogg, V. L. (1896 a) New Mallophaga, I, with special reference to a collection made from maritime birds of the Bay of Monterey, California. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, Series 2, 6, 31 - 168.","Kellogg, V. L. (1896 b) New Mallophaga, II, from land birds; together with an account of the Mallophagous mouth-parts. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, Series 2, 6, 431 - 548.","Ansari, M. A. R. (1956 a) A contribution to our knowledge of Myrsidea (Mallophaga: Amblycera) occurring on Turdidea (sens. lat.). Pakistan Journal of Health, 5, 163 - 177."]}

Myrsidea destructor Ansari, 1956 Myrsidea destructor Ansari, 1956a: 166, fig. 2. Veracruz: Catharus mexicanus mexicanus, Volcan San Mart��n, 16 Apr. 1940, M.A. Carriker Jr (Ansari 1956). Types: Holotype male and allotype female deposited in USNM., Published as part of S��nchez-Montes, Sokani, Colunga-Salas, Pablo, ��lvarez-Castillo, Luc��a, Guzm��n-Cornejo, Carmen & Montiel-Parra, Griselda, 2018, Chewing lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) associated with vertebrates in Mexico, pp. 1-109 in Zootaxa 4372 (1) on page 17, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4372.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3098143, {"references":["Ansari, M. A. R. (1956 a) A contribution to our knowledge of Myrsidea (Mallophaga: Amblycera) occurring on Turdidea (sens. lat.). Pakistan Journal of Health, 5, 163 - 177."]}

Myrsidea luroris (Carriker, 1903) Colpocephalum luroris Carriker, 1903: 174, pl. 6, fig. 4. Chiapas: Cyanolyca pulchra, Apr. 1942 (Zavaleta 1944). Notes: This species was cited as “ Myrsides luronis ” by Zavaleta (1944). The host was given as “ Cyanolyca pulchra mitrata Ridgway ” but, based on molecular data, Bonaccorso (2009) does not recognize it as a valid subspecies., Published as part of Sánchez-Montes, Sokani, Colunga-Salas, Pablo, Álvarez-Castillo, Lucía, Guzmán-Cornejo, Carmen & Montiel-Parra, Griselda, 2018, Chewing lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) associated with vertebrates in Mexico, pp. 1-109 in Zootaxa 4372 (1) on page 17, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4372.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3098143, {"references":["Carriker, M. A. Jr. (1903) Mallophaga from birds of Costa Rica, Central America. University of Nebraska Studies, 3 (2), 123 - 197.","Zavaleta, D. (1944) Estudio de los Mallophaga de Mexico. Anales del Instituto de Biologia de la Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 15, 193 - 211.","Bonaccorso, E. (2009) Historical biogeography and speciation in the Neotropical highlands: molecular phylogenetics of the jay genus Cyanolyca. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 50, 618 - 632. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2008.12.012"]}

Myrsidea laciniaesternata Eichler, 1956 Myrsidea laciniaesternata Eichler, 1956: 137, fig. 11. No State: Habia sp., no data (Bueter et al. 2009). Genbank Accesion Numbers: AF545732, AF545793., Published as part of S��nchez-Montes, Sokani, Colunga-Salas, Pablo, ��lvarez-Castillo, Luc��a, Guzm��n-Cornejo, Carmen & Montiel-Parra, Griselda, 2018, Chewing lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) associated with vertebrates in Mexico, pp. 1-109 in Zootaxa 4372 (1) on page 17, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4372.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3098143, {"references":["Eichler, W. (1956) Mallophaga. In: Niethammer, G. (Ed.), Zur Vogelwelt Boliviens (Teil II: Passeres). Bonner Zoologische Beitrage, 7 (1 - 3), 84 - 150.","Bueter, C., Weckstein, J., Johnson, K. P., Bates, J. M. & Gordon, C. E. (2009) Comparative phylogenetic histories of two louse genera found on Catharus thrushes and other birds. The Journal of Parasitology, 95, 29 - 307. https: // doi. org / 10.1645 / GE- 1642.1"]}

Myrsidea balteri Clay, 1968 Myrsidea balteri Clay, 1968: 222, text figs 9, 16, 30; pl. 4, fig. 5. Tamaulipas: Quiscalus mexicanus, Ciudad Victoria, 23 Apr. 1931, R.A. Roberts (Clay 1968). Veracruz: Quiscalus mexicanus, Tlacotalpan, 9 Feb. 1940, M.A. Carriker Jr (Clay 1968). Note: The host from Veracruz was given as ��� Quiscalus assimilis ���, but this species is not recognized as a valid taxon., Published as part of S��nchez-Montes, Sokani, Colunga-Salas, Pablo, ��lvarez-Castillo, Luc��a, Guzm��n-Cornejo, Carmen & Montiel-Parra, Griselda, 2018, Chewing lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) associated with vertebrates in Mexico, pp. 1-109 in Zootaxa 4372 (1) on page 16, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4372.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3098143, {"references":["Clay, T. (1968) Contributions towards a revision of Myrsidea Waterston III. (Menoponidae: Mallophaga). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology, 21, 203 - 243."]}

Myrsidea mirabilis (Carriker, 1903) Colpocephalum mirabile Carriker, 1903: 175, pl. 6, fig. 5. No State: Psarocolius bifasciatus, no data (Clay 1968)., Published as part of Sánchez-Montes, Sokani, Colunga-Salas, Pablo, Álvarez-Castillo, Lucía, Guzmán-Cornejo, Carmen & Montiel-Parra, Griselda, 2018, Chewing lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) associated with vertebrates in Mexico, pp. 1-109 in Zootaxa 4372 (1) on page 17, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4372.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3098143, {"references":["Carriker, M. A. Jr. (1903) Mallophaga from birds of Costa Rica, Central America. University of Nebraska Studies, 3 (2), 123 - 197.","Clay, T. (1968) Contributions towards a revision of Myrsidea Waterston III. (Menoponidae: Mallophaga). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology, 21, 203 - 243."]}

Myrsidea chiapensis Zavaleta, 1944 Myrsidea chiapensis Zavaleta, 1944: 204, pl. 1, fig. 4. Chiapas: Calocitta formosa azurea, Cacahoat��n, Apr. 1942 (Zavaleta 1944); Oreophasis derbianus, Tacan��, Jun. 1943 (Zavaleta 1944). Note: Specimens reported by Zavaleta (1944) from the horned guan (Oreophasis derbianus) are most likely the result of a contamination because no species of of Myrsidea is a natural and regular parasite of any member of the family Cracidae (see Price et al. 2003)., Published as part of S��nchez-Montes, Sokani, Colunga-Salas, Pablo, ��lvarez-Castillo, Luc��a, Guzm��n-Cornejo, Carmen & Montiel-Parra, Griselda, 2018, Chewing lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) associated with vertebrates in Mexico, pp. 1-109 in Zootaxa 4372 (1) on page 16, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4372.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3098143, {"references":["Zavaleta, D. (1944) Estudio de los Mallophaga de Mexico. Anales del Instituto de Biologia de la Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 15, 193 - 211.","Price, R. D., Hellenthal, R. A., Palma, R. L., Johnson, K. P. & Clayton, D. H. (2003) The chewing lice: world checklist and biological overview. Illinois Natural History Survey Special Publication, 24, 1 - 501."]}

Myrsidea dissimilis (Kellogg, 1896) Menopon dissimilis Kellogg, 1896b: 536, pl. 73, fig. 5. Baja California Sur: Cardinalis sinuatus peninsulae, San José del Cabo, 1897, R.C. McGregor (Kellogg & Mann 1912). Distrito Federal: Tachycineta thalassina, Pueblo de Santa Rosa, Suroeste de la Ciudad de Mexico, sobre los kilómetros 27–31 de la carretera que va al Desierto de los Leones (Zavaleta 1943a) (CNIN-PHT 0006). Notes: One specimen of Myrsidea dissimilis was identified by Kellogg & Mann (1912) as “ Menopon dissimile Kellogg ”. The host was identified as “ Pyrrholoxia venusta peninsulae ”., Published as part of Sánchez-Montes, Sokani, Colunga-Salas, Pablo, Álvarez-Castillo, Lucía, Guzmán-Cornejo, Carmen & Montiel-Parra, Griselda, 2018, Chewing lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) associated with vertebrates in Mexico, pp. 1-109 in Zootaxa 4372 (1) on page 17, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4372.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3098143, {"references":["Kellogg, V. L. (1896 a) New Mallophaga, I, with special reference to a collection made from maritime birds of the Bay of Monterey, California. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, Series 2, 6, 31 - 168.","Kellogg, V. L. (1896 b) New Mallophaga, II, from land birds; together with an account of the Mallophagous mouth-parts. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, Series 2, 6, 431 - 548.","Kellogg, V. L. & Mann, W. M. (1912) Mallophaga from islands off Lower California. Entomological News, 23, 56 - 65.","Zavaleta, D. (1943 a) Estudio de Mallophaga de las aves silvestres de Santa Rosa, D. F. M. Sc. Thesis. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Distrito Federal, 68 pp."]}

Myrsidea antiqua Ansari, 1956 Myrsidea antiqua Ansari, 1956a: 174, fig. 10. Veracruz: Turdus grayi, Tlacotalp��n, 15 Feb. 1940, M.A. Carriker Jr (Ansari 1956). Types: Holotype male and allotype female deposited in USNM., Published as part of S��nchez-Montes, Sokani, Colunga-Salas, Pablo, ��lvarez-Castillo, Luc��a, Guzm��n-Cornejo, Carmen & Montiel-Parra, Griselda, 2018, Chewing lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) associated with vertebrates in Mexico, pp. 1-109 in Zootaxa 4372 (1) on page 16, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4372.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3098143, {"references":["Ansari, M. A. R. (1956 a) A contribution to our knowledge of Myrsidea (Mallophaga: Amblycera) occurring on Turdidea (sens. lat.). Pakistan Journal of Health, 5, 163 - 177."]}

Myrsidea sp. Campeche: Mimus gilvus, 5 km. S Champot��n, no date (Klaas 1968). Quintana Roo: Tolmomyias sulphurescens, Pueblo Nuevo X-can, no date (Klaas 1968). Yucat��n: Petrochelidon fulva citata, Pist��, no date (Klaas 1968). No State: Cyanocorax morio, no data (Bueter et al. 2009). Genbank Accesion Numbers: ex Cyanocorax morio FJ 171281, AF320431., Published as part of S��nchez-Montes, Sokani, Colunga-Salas, Pablo, ��lvarez-Castillo, Luc��a, Guzm��n-Cornejo, Carmen & Montiel-Parra, Griselda, 2018, Chewing lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) associated with vertebrates in Mexico, pp. 1-109 in Zootaxa 4372 (1) on page 17, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4372.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3098143, {"references":["Klaas, E. E. (1968) Summer birds from the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. University of Kansas Publications of the Museum of Natural History, 17, 579 - 611.","Bueter, C., Weckstein, J., Johnson, K. P., Bates, J. M. & Gordon, C. E. (2009) Comparative phylogenetic histories of two louse genera found on Catharus thrushes and other birds. The Journal of Parasitology, 95, 29 - 307. https: // doi. org / 10.1645 / GE- 1642.1"]}

A morphological study of six little known or undescribed species of chewing lice parasitic on cowbirds (Icteridae) is given, based on a holistic approach which includes descriptions of the pre-imaginal stages. Both sexes, the last two nymphal stages and eggs of the new species Myrsidea amblyramphidis (Amblycera: Menoponidae) are described and illustrated (type host: Amblyramphus holosericeus (Scopoli)). Also, the male with all pre-imaginal stages (including hatching organ of nymph, egg and the three nymphal stages) of Menacanthus leistidis Cicchino, 1984 from Leistes superciliaris (Bonaparte) is described for the first time and the female is redescribed; a discussion of the morphological affinities with its closest species, M. sturnellae Price, 1977 is included. Among the Ischnocera (Philopteridae s.l.), both sexes and the last pre-imaginal stages of two incompletely known species of Brueelia Kéler, 1936, B. mirabile Carriker, 1963 from Molothrus o. oryzivorus (Gmelin), and B. oxypyga (Giebel, 1874) from A. holosericeus are described. Furthermore, two new species of Brueelia, B. chopi from Gnorimopsar chopi (Vieillot), and B. paradoxa from Leistes superciliaris are described from bothsexes and their last two pre-imaginal stages, and eggs. Fil: Valim, Michel P.. Universidade de São Paulo. Museu de Zoologia; Brasil Fil: Cicchino, Armando Conrado. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología; Argentina

Myrsidea violaceae Price & Dalgleish, 2006 Myrsidea violaceae Price & Dalgleish, 2006: 9. Myrsidea violaceae Price & Dalgleish, 2006: Sychra et al. (2007: 63), Kounek et al. (2011: 14). Type host: Euphonia violacea (Linnaeus, 1758) ���Violaceous euphonia (Fringillidae). Type locality. Simla Biological Station, Trinidad. Material examined. Ex Euphonia hirundinacea (Lesson, 1832) ���Yellow-throated euphonia (Fringillidae): 1♂, Atl��ntida, Tela, Botanical Garden Lancetilla, Honduras (15��44' N 87��27' W), 16 Aug. 2014, I. Literak. Remarks. This species was previously recorded from Trinidad and Costa Rica (Price & Dalgleish 2006; Sychra et al. 2007; Kounek et al. 2011). This is the first record of M. violaceae from Honduras. A portion of COI gene was sequenced from our single specimen of Myrsidea violaceae from Euphonia hirundinacea (GenBank accession number KY 113137). Comparing our sequence with other known sequences of Neotropical Myrsidea, the closest was that of Myrsidea rozsai Price & Johnson, 2009 from Euphonia lanniirostris (A/N FJ 171282), with a sequence divergence of 11.9%. This divergence is on the border of the interspecific variation limit for Myrsidea species as proposed in this paper. More specimens of Myrsidea from the above and other species of Euphonia are needed to resolve the taxonomic status of these two nominal species, based on molecular and morphological data. Our specimen differs from descriptions of M. violaceae by setal counts and dimensions, as follows (overall data from Price & Dalgleish 2 0 0 6, Sychra et al. 2007, and Kounek et al. 2011 are in parentheses): Male (n = 1). Tergal setae: VIII, 12 (14���18). Sternal setae: VIII+IX, 15 (7���14). Dimensions: POW, 0.31 (0.29��� 0.30); TL, 1.23 (1.11���1.21)., Published as part of Literak, Ivan, 2017, Where are the species limits? Morphology versus genetics in Neotropical chewing lice of the genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae), with description of three new species, pp. 161-179 in Zootaxa 4324 (1) on pages 173-174, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4324.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/997133, {"references":["Price, R. D. & Dalgleish, R. C. (2006) Myrsidea Waterston (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from tanager (Passeriformes: Thraupidae), with descriptions of 18 new species. Zootaxa, 1174, 1 - 25.","Sychra, O., Literak, I., Capek, M. & Havlicek, M. (2007) Chewing lice (Phthiraptera) from buntings, cardinals and tanagers (Passeriformes: Emberizidae, Cardinalidae, Thraupidae) from Costa Rica, with descriptions of two new species of the genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae). Zootaxa, 1631, 57 - 68.","Kounek, F., Sychra, O., Capek, M., Lipkova, A. & Literak, I. (2011) Chewing lice of the genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from the Cardinalidae, Emberizidae, Fringillidae and Thraupidae (Aves: Passeriformes) from Costa Rica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa, 3032, 1 - 16.","Price, R. D. & Johnson, K. P. (2009) Five new species of Myrsidea Waterston (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from tanagers (Passeriformes: Thraupidae) in Panama. Zootaxa, 2200, 61 - 68.","Price, R. D. & Dalgleish, R. C. (2007) Myrsidea Waterston (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from the Emberizidae (Passeriformes), with descriptions of 13 new species. Zootaxa, 1467, 1 - 18."]}

Myrsidea sayacae Kolencik & Sychra, new species (Figs 3, 8���9) �� Myrsidea seminuda Eichler, 1951 ��: Sychra et al. (2009: 502). Ex Thraupis sayaca. Misidentification. Type host. Thraupis sayaca (Linnaeus, 1766) ���Sayaca tanager (Thraupidae). Type locality. Tres Gigantes Biological Station, Paraguayan Pantanal, Paraguay (20��04'S, 50��09'W). Diagnosis. This species is close to M. seminuda Eichler, 1951 in (1) body shape (see figs 13���14 in Price & Dalgleish 2006), (2) dimensions, and (3) the presence of medioanterior setae on tergit III. However, M. sayacae is easily distinguished from M. seminuda by fewer setae on all tergites: in females, the total number of setae on all tergites is 160���181, against 191���256 in M. seminuda; in males it is 162���212 against 208���254 in M. seminuda. Description. Female (n = 3) As in Fig. 8. Hypopharyngeal sclerites fully developed. Length of DHS 10, 0.060���0.067; DHS 11, 0.103���0.108; ratio DHS 10/11, 0.59���0.62. Ls5 0.08���0.09 long, latero-ventral fringe with 9��� 10 setae. Gula with 5 setae on each side. Pronotum with 6 setae on posterior margin and 3 short spiniform setae at each lateral corner. First tibia with 3 outer ventro-lateral and 4 dorso-lateral setae. Metanotum not enlarged, with 11���12 marginal setae; metasternal plate with 6���7 setae; metapleurites with 3 short strong spiniform setae. Femur III with 18���19 setae in ventral setal brush. Tergites not enlarged, all with straight posterior margin. Abdominal segments with continuous row of tergal setae across each segment. Tergal setae: I, 23���26; II, 21���26; III, 16���18; IV, 21���23; V, 25���27; VI, 23���25; VII, 19���22; VIII, 12���14. Postspiracular setae very long on VIII (0.43); long on VI (0.28); and short on I and VII (0.23���0.24). Inner posterior seta of last tergum not longer than anal fringe setae with length 0.07; length of short lateral marginal seta of last segment, 0.04. Pleural setae: I, 6���8; II, 7���10; III, 7���8; IV, 6��� 7; V, 6���7; VI, 5���6; VII, 4; VIII, 3. Pleurites I���II with only short spine-like setae; pleurites III���VII with 2���3 slender and longer setae. Anterior margin of sternal plate II with a medial notch. Sternal setae: I, 0; II, 4 in each aster, aster setae length: s1, 0.04���0.06; s2, 0.04���0.05; s3, 0.04���0.05; s4, 0.03; with 18���26 marginal setae between asters, 15��� 21 medioanterior; III, 31���37; IV, 32���34; V, 33���36; VI, 26���27; VII, 14���18; VIII���IX, 1 1���13; and 9���12 setae on deeply serrated vulval margin; with 5���9 medioanterior setae on sternite III. Anal fringe formed by 36���41 dosral and 33���35 ventral setae. Dimensions: TW, 0.42���0.48; POW, 0.35���0.38; HL, 0.30���0.33; PW, 0.22���0.30; MW, 0.44��� 0.45; AW, 0.58���0.65; ANW, 0.20���0.22; TL, 1.50���1.55. Male (n = 8). As in Fig. 9. Length of DHS 10, 0.058���0.075; DHS 11, 0.100���0.110; ratio DHS 10/11, 0.57��� 0.71. Ls5 0.07 long, latero-ventral fringe with 10���11 setae. Gula with 4���5 setae on each side. Pronotum with 6 setae on posterior margin and 3 short spiniform setae at each lateral corner. First tibia with 3 outer ventro-lateral and 4 dorso-lateral setae. Metanotum not enlarged with 8���10 marginal setae; metasternal plate with 6���7 setae; metapleurites with 1���3 short spiniform strong setae. Femur III with 13���17 setae in ventral setal brush. Abdominal segments with continuous row of tergal setae across each segment. Tergal setae: I, 19���23; II, 21���25; III, 22���29; IV, 23���31; V, 22���31; VI, 22���29; VII, 20���25; VIII, 13���19. Postspiracular setae very long on VIII (0.36���0.39); long on II, IV and VII (0.25���0.35); and short on I, III, V and VI (0.13���0.20). Length of inner posterior seta of last tergum, 0.1; short lateral marginal seta of last segment, 0.02. Pleural setae: I, 4���5; II, 6���7; III, 6���7; IV, 6; V, 5; VI, 5; VII, 4; VIII, 3. Pleurites I with only short spine-like setae; pleurites II���VII with 0���4 slender and longer setae on inner ventral side. Anterior margin of sternal plate II with a medial notch. Sternal setae: I, 0; II, 3���4 in each aster, aster setae length: s1, 0.04���0.06; s2, 0.04���0.05; s3, 0.03���0.04; s4, 0.03; with 12���19 marginal setae between asters, 8���16 medioanterior; III, 26���34; IV, 29���34; V, 28���35; VI, 25���30; VII, 16���22; VIII, 8���12; remainder of plate, 9���13; and with 3 setae posteriorly; with 4���9 medioanterior setae on sternit III. With 8���9 internal anal setae. Genital sac sclerite as in Fig. 3. Dimensions: TW, 0.40���0.44; POW, 0.32���0.38; HL, 0.27���0.30; PW, 0.26���0.33; MW, 0.35��� 0.37; AW, 0.45���0.47; GW, 0.10���0.11; GSL, 0.08���0.09; TL, 1.23���1.35. Etymology. The species epithet is a noun in apposition derived from the species name of the type host. Type material. Ex Thraupis sayaca: Holotype ♀, Tres Gigantes Biological Station, Paraguayan Pantanal, Paraguay (20��04'S, 50��09'W), 6 Sep. 2012, I. Literak. Paratypes: 2♀, 6♂ with the same data as holotype (MMBC���O. Sychra PG 06���09). Additional material examined (non-types). Ex Thraupis sayaca, 1♀, 2♂, Nova Andradina (22˚15���S, 53˚21���W), Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, 29���30 Jul. 2006, I. Literak & M. Capek. Remarks. Sychra et al. (2009: 502) identified a sample of Myrsidea from Thraupis sayaca from Brazil as M. seminuda. However, our reexamination of that sample and new material from Paraguay showed that they belong to a new species. A portion of COI gene was sequenced from specimens of Myrsidea sayacae (GenBank accession number KY 113136). As expected, the closest species among other known sequences of Neotropical Myrsidea was that of M. seminuda (A/N FJ 171275), with a sequence divergence of 14.3%. This divergence is close to the limit of interspecific variation proposed in this paper but, together with their morphological differences, we are confident that M. sayacae and M. seminuda represent separate species., Published as part of Literak, Ivan, 2017, Where are the species limits? Morphology versus genetics in Neotropical chewing lice of the genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae), with description of three new species, pp. 161-179 in Zootaxa 4324 (1) on page 172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4324.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/997133, {"references":["Eichler, W. (1951) Notulae Mallophagologicae. XVII. Die Myrsideen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 146, 45 - 53.","Sychra, O., Literak, I. & Capek, M. (2009) Chewing lice of the genus Myrsidea Waterston (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from the Emberizidae and Thraupidae (Passeriformes) in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Neotropical Entomology, 38, 501 - 503. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1519 - 566 X 2009000400010","Price, R. D. & Dalgleish, R. C. (2006) Myrsidea Waterston (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from tanager (Passeriformes: Thraupidae), with descriptions of 18 new species. Zootaxa, 1174, 1 - 25."]}

Myrsidea lightae Price, Johnson & Dalgleish, 2008 Myrsidea lightae Price, Johnson & Dalgleish, 2008c: 2, figs 1���4. Myrsidea lightae Price, Johnson & Dalgleish, 2008. Kounek et al. (2011: 9). Type host. Saltator maximus (Statius M��ller, 1776) ���Buff-throated saltator (Thraupidae). Type locality. Serriana del Maje, Panam��. Material examined. Ex Saltator atriceps (Lesson, 1832) ���Black-headed saltator (Thraupidae): 4♀, 2♂, Atl��ntida, Tela, Botanical Garden Lancetilla, Honduras (15��44' N, 87��27' W), 13 Aug. 2014, I. Literak. Ex Saltator coerulescens Vieillot, 1817 ���Greyish saltator (Thraupidae): 7♀, 7♂, Los Tres Gigantes Biological Station, Paraguayan Pantanal, Paraguay (20��04'S, 50��09'W), 6���9 Aug. 2012, I. Literak. Remarks. This species was previously described from Saltator maximus and Saltator striatipectus Lafresnaye, 1847 from Costa Rica, Panam�� and Venezuela (Price et al. 2008c). Our host records are new host-louse associations for M. lightae and the first records of this louse species from Honduras and Paraguay. A portion of COI gene was sequenced from specimens of Myrsidea lightae ex Saltator atriceps from Honduras and from S. coerulescens from Paraguay (GenBank accession numbers KY 113134 and KY 113135, respectively). Comparing our sequences with those of M. lightae from S. maximus from Panam�� (A/N EU289211), the following sequence divergences were found: between lice from S. atriceps and S. maximus: 8.2%; between lice from S. maximus and S. coerulescens: 11.1%, and between lice from S. atriceps and S. coerulescens: 11.4%. All three divergences fall well under or close to the limit of interspecific variation for Myrsidea species as proposed in this paper. We believe that these genetic data together with minimal morphological differences (see below), justify the conspecific status of the Myrsidea populations from all the hosts and localities mentioned above. Our specimens differ from the original description of Myrsidea lightae by setal counts and dimensions, as follows (data from Price et al. 2008c are in parentheses): Female ex Saltator atriceps (n = 4). Gula with 5���6 (4���5) setae on each side. Length of postspiracular setae: III, 0.34���0.39 (short); VII, 0.30���0.39 (long). Sternal setae: II, 2���6 (6���12) anterior; III, 39���40 (32���35); VI, 40���45 (33���43). Anus with 42���49 (34���40) dorsal and 35���37 (38���46) ventral fringe setae. Dimensions: TW, 0.55���0.58 (0.51���0.56); HL, 0.36���0.37 (0.34���0.36); AWIV, 0.67���0.73 (0.68���0.75); ANW, 0.25���0.26 (0.24); TL, 1.75���1.85 (1.67���1.82). Male ex Saltator atriceps (n = 2). Tergal setae: V, 11���14 (13���18); VIII, 6���10 (8���11). Sternal setae: 4���5 (7���14) anterior; III, 21���34 (24���33); IV, 31���42 (38���46); V, 37���43 (39���47); VIII, 6���12 (7���12). Dimensions: TW, 0.51 (0.46��� 0.50); HL, 0.32���0.34 (0.28���0.33); MW, 0.44���0.46 (0.41���0.45); GSL, 0.11 (0.09); TL, 1.50���1.53 (1.34���1.47). Female ex Saltator coerulescens (n = 7). Gula with 5���6 (4���5) setae on each side. Metanotum with 14���19 (15��� 1) setae on posterior margin. Tergal setae: I, 10���16 (11���18); II, 11���17 (13���18); III, 11���16 (13���20); IV, 10���15 (13��� 18); VI, 11���15 (12���17). Length of postspiracular setae: III, 0.27���0.30 (short); VII, 0.24���0.30 (long). Sternal setae: II, 2���3 (6���12) anterior; III, 31���45 (32���35); IV, 45���58 (42���52); V, 43���57 (40���53); VI, 36���50 (33���43); VII, 14���17 (15���20). Anus with 41���47 (34���40) dorsal and 36���42 (38���46) ventral fringe setae. Dimensions: HL, 0.34���0.37 (0.34���0.36); PW, 0.30���0.34 (0.33���0.35); AWIV, 0.63���0.75 (0.68���0.75); ANW, 0.25���0.28 (0.24); TL, 1.63���1.76 (1.67���1.82). Male ex Saltator coerulescens (n = 7). Tergal setae: II, 11���16 (12���17); VII, 10���14 (11���16). Sternal setae: II, 17���20 (15���19) marginal setae between asters; III, 2 8���37 (24���33); IV, 37���48 (38���46); VI, 39���46 (24���41); VIII, 11��� 15 (7���12). Dimensions: PW, 0.27���0.31 (0.30���0.32); MW, 0.39���0.46 (0.41���0.45); GW, 0.12���0.13 (0.13); GSL, 0.09���0.10 (0.09); TL, 1.38���1.53 (1.34���1.47)., Published as part of Literak, Ivan, 2017, Where are the species limits? Morphology versus genetics in Neotropical chewing lice of the genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae), with description of three new species, pp. 161-179 in Zootaxa 4324 (1) on pages 169-170, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4324.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/997133, {"references":["Price, R. D., Johnson, K. P. & Dalgleish, R. C. (2008 c) Five new species of Myrsidea Waterston (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from saltators and grosbeaks (Passeriformes: Cardinalidae). Zootaxa, 1873, 1 - 10.","Kounek, F., Sychra, O., Capek, M., Lipkova, A. & Literak, I. (2011) Chewing lice of the genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from the Cardinalidae, Emberizidae, Fringillidae and Thraupidae (Aves: Passeriformes) from Costa Rica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa, 3032, 1 - 16."]}

Myrsidea rufi Price & Dalgleish, 2006 Myrsidea rufi Price & Dalgleish, 2006: 16, figs 22–23. Type host. Tachyphonus rufus (Boddaert, 1783) —White-lined tanager (Thraupidae). Type locality. Arima, Simla, Trinidad. Material examined. Ex Tachyphonus coronatus (Vieillot, 1822) —Ruby-crowned tanager (Thraupidae): 1♀, 4♂, San Rafael National Park, Paraguay (26°30'S, 55°47'W), 18 & 22 Aug. 2012, I. Literak. Remarks. Myrsidea rufi was described from Trinidad & Tobago and also found on the type host in Brazil (Silva 2013). This is the first record of M. rufi from Paraguay, and of a louse from Tachyphonus coronatus. Our specimens differ from the original description of Myrsidea rufi by setal counts and dimensions, as follows (data from Price & Dalgleish 2006 are in parentheses): Female (n = 1). Metanotum with 12 (8–10) setae on posterior margin. Tergal setae: I, 18 (14–16); II, 17 (9–13); VII, 7 (8–12); VIII, 4 (6–8). Sternal setae: VII, 9 (10–13). Dimensions: TW, 0.42 (0.46–0.49); AWIV, 0.55 (0.59– 0.64). Male (n = 4). Metanotum with 8–10 (6–9) setae on posterior margin. Tergal setae: I, 14–17 (9–14); II, 12–13 (7–12); III, 12–15 (7–12); VI, 8–11 (7–10); VIII, 4 (6–7). Sternal setae: II, 4 setae in each aster, 13–16 marginal setae between asters, 6–8 anterior (together 27–32 vs. 22–26); V, 29–34 (30–35); VI, 25–28 (26–33); VII, 12–15 (13–19); VIII, 11–14 (5–9). Dimensions: MW, 0.34–0.38 (0.38–0.40); AWIV, 0.47–0.48 (0.48–0.53); TL, 1.25– 1.34 (1.28–1.34).

Myrsidea flaveolae Kolencik & Sychra, new species (Figs 1, 4���5) Type host. Sicalis flaveola (Linnaeus, 1766) ���Saffron finch (Thraupidae). Type locality. Teniente Agripino Enciso National Park, Paraguay (21��12'S, 61��39'W). Diagnosis. The male genital sac sclerite (Fig. 1) is of the same type of as that of Myrsidea spizae (Price & Dalgleish, 2 006: fig. 29), which is unique among species of Myrsidea from the Thraupidae, but the male of M. flaveolae is easily distinguished by having more setae on all tergites (total number of setae on all tergites is 114 against 49���57 in M. spizae). The female of M. flaveolae is also very similar to that of M. spizae in dimensions and number of sternal setae, but differ by the following combination of characters: (1) slightly concave tergites I���III; (2) more setae on tergites I, II, VI���VIII (total number of setae on these five tergites is 50 against 27���38 in M. spizae) and (3) postspiracular seta VI as long as I, against postspiracular seta VI much shorter than I in M. spizae. Description. Female (n = 1). As in Fig. 4. Hypopharyngeal sclerites fully developed. Length of dorsal head seta (DHS) 10, 0.075; DHS 11, 0.100; ratio DHS 10/11, 0.75. Labial setae 5 (ls5) 0.06 long, latero-ventral fringe with 12 setae. Gula with 5 setae on each side. Pronotum with 6 setae on posterior margin and 3 short spiniform setae at each lateral corner. First tibia with 4 outer ventro-lateral and 7 dorso-lateral setae. Metanotum not enlarged, with 8 marginal setae; metasternal plate with 6 setae; metapleurites with 2���3 short strong spiniform setae. Femur III with 20���21 setae in ventral setal brush. Tergites not enlarged with medioposterior margins slightly concave on tergites I���III. Abdominal segments with well-defined median gap in each row of tergal setae. Tergal setae: I, 11; II, 12; III, 11; IV, 11; V, 10; VI, 11; VII, 9; VIII, 7. Postspiracular setae very long on II, IV, VII and VIII (0.40���0.45); long on I and VI (0.30���0.31); and short on III and V (0.24). Inner posterior seta of last tergum with length 0.06; length of short lateral marginal seta of last segment, 0.03. Pleural setae: I, 5���6; II, 6; III, 5���6; IV, 5���6; V, 5���6; VI, 5; VII, 4; VIII, 3. Pleurites I���II with only short spine-like setae; pleurites III���VII with 1���2 slender and longer setae on inner ventral side; without anterior setae. Anterior margin of sternal plate II with a medial notch. Sternal setae: I, 0; II, 4 in each aster, aster setae length: s1, 0.04; s2, 0.04; s3, 0.03; s4, 0.02; with 16 marginal setae between asters, 9 medioanterior; III, 23; IV, 36; V, 36; VI, 29; VII, 20; VIII���IX, 14; and 9 setae on deeply serrated vulval margin; without medioanterior setae on sternites. Anal fringe formed by 35 dosral and 28 ventral setae. Dimensions: TW, 0.43; POW, 0.34; HL, 0.30; PW, 0.30; MW, 0.45; AW, 0.58; ANW, 0.19; TL, 1.50. Male (n = 1). As in Fig. 5. Length of DHS 10, 0.065; DHS 11, 0.090; ratio DHS 10/11, 0.72. Ls5 0.08 long, latero-ventral fringe with 10���11 setae. Gula with 4 setae on each side. Pronotum with 6 setae on posterior margin and 3 short spiniform setae at each lateral corner. First tibia with 4 outer ventro-lateral and 6 dorso-lateral setae. Metanotum not enlarged with 10 marginal setae; metasternal plate with 6 setae; metapleurites with 2 short spiniform strong setae. Femur III with 16���17 setae in ventral setal brush. Abdominal segments with continuous row of tergal setae across each segment. Tergal setae: I, 12; II, 13; III, 16; IV, 15; V, 17; VI, 17; VII, 14; VIII, 10. Postspiracular setae very long on II, IV, VII and VIII (0.40���0.45); long on I (0.25); and short on III, V and VI (0.13���0.14). Length of inner posterior seta of last tergum, 0.06; short lateral marginal seta of last segment, 0.02. Pleural setae: I, 4���5; II, 5; III, 6; IV, 6; V, 5; VI, 5; VII, 4���5; VIII, 3. Pleurite I with only short spine-like setae; pleurites II���VII with 1���3 slender and longer setae on inner ventral side; without anterior setae. Anterior margin of sternal plate II with a medial notch. Sternal setae: I, 0; II, 4 in each aster, aster setae length: s1, 0.03���0.04; s2, 0.03; s3, 0.03; s4, 0.02���0.03; with 14 marginal setae between asters, 10 medioanterior; III, 20; IV, 30; V, 33; VI, 32; VII, 19; VIII, 13; remainder of plate, 11; and with 4 setae posteriorly; with 2 medioanterior setae on sternite VIII. With 8 internal anal setae. Genital sac sclerite as in Fig. 1. Dimensions: TW, 0.40; POW, 0.32; HL, 0.28; PW, 0.24; MW, 0.33; AW, 0.44; GW, 0.10; GSL, 0.10; TL, 1.24. Etymology. This species epithet is a noun in apposition derived from the species name of the type host. Type material. Ex Sicalis flaveola: Holotype ♀, Teniente Agripino Enciso National Park (21��12'S, 61��39'W), 3 Sep. 2012, I. Literak. Paratype: 1♂ with same data as the holotype (MMBC���O. Sychra PG01). Remarks. This is the first chewing louse known from Sicalis flaveola., Published as part of Literak, Ivan, 2017, Where are the species limits? Morphology versus genetics in Neotropical chewing lice of the genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae), with description of three new species, pp. 161-179 in Zootaxa 4324 (1) on pages 166-168, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4324.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/997133

Myrsidea habiae Kolencik & Sychra, new species (Figs 2, 6���7) Type host. Habia rubica (Vieillot, 1817) ���Red-crowned ant-tanager (Cardinalidae). Type locality. San Rafael National Park, Paraguay (26��30'S, 55��47'W). Diagnosis. Due to the same type of enlarged metanotum in females and same type of genital sac sclerite in males (Fig. 2), this species is very similar to Myrsidea laciniaesternata Eichler, 1956 (see Price & Dalgleish 2006: figs 1���4) but it can be separated by (1) the larger dimensions of the head (in females TW, 0.48���0.50 and HL, 0.32��� 0.33 against TW, 0.46���0.48 and HL, 0.31���0.32 in M. laciniaesternata; in males TW, 0.43���0.44 and HL, 0.30���0.32 against TW, 0.41���0.43 and HL, 0.29���0.30 in M. laciniaesternata) and (2) fewer setae in females on tergites III���V (total number of setae on these tergites is 42���62 against 63���89 in M. laciniaesternata) and in males on tergites I���III (total number of setae on these tergites is 23���30 against 35���51 in M. laciniaesternata). Description. Female (n = 4). As in Fig. 6. Hypopharyngeal sclerites fully developed. Length of DHS 10, 0.035���0.037; DHS 11, 0.100���115; ratio DHS 10/11, 0.30���0.37. Ls5 0.06 long, latero-ventral fringe with 10���11 setae. Gula with 3���5 setae on each side. Pronotum with 6���7 setae on posterior margin and 3 short spiniform setae at each lateral corner. First tibia with 3 outer ventro-lateral and 4 dorso-lateral setae. Metanotum enlarged, with 8 marginal setae; metasternal plate with 6���8 setae; metapleurites with 3���4 short strong spiniform setae. Femur III with 15���17 setae in ventral setal brush. Tergites modified as in M. laciniaesternata (see Price & Dalgleish 2006: fig. 4). Abdominal segments with well-defined median gap in each row of tergal setae. Tergal setae: I, 17���20; II, 13���24; III, 1 3���21; IV, 13���21; V, 16���20; VI, 13���15; VII, 10���12; VIII, 4���6. Postspiracular setae very long on II, IV and VIII (0.41���0.49); long on I and VII (0.22���0.31); and short on III, V and VI (0.14���0.20). Inner posterior seta of last tergum not longer than anal fringe setae with length 0.08���0.09; length of short lateral marginal seta of last segment, 0.05���0.06. Pleural setae: I, 4���6; II, 7���8; III, 7���10; IV, 7���8; V, 5���6; VI, 5; VII, 4���5; VIII, 3. Pleurites I���III with only short spine-like setae; pleurites IV���VII with 1���2 slender and longer setae on inner ventral side. Anterior margin of sternal plate II with a medial notch. Sternal setae: I, 0; II, 4���5 in each aster, aster setae length: s1, 0.08; s2, 0.05���0.06; s3, 0.04���0.05; s4, 0.03���0.04; with 15���18 marginal setae between asters, 4���8 medioanterior; III, 23��� 26; IV, 25���29; V, 30���38; VI, 29���31; VII, 14���21; VIII���IX, 8���15; and 12���13 setae on deeply serrated vulval margin; without medioanterior setae on sternites III���VII. Anal fringe formed by 28���38 dorsal and 30���37 ventral setae. Dimensions: TW, 0.48���0.50; POW, 0.36���0.38; HL, 0.32���0.33; PW, 0.28���0.29; MW, 0.44���0.50; AW, 0.65���0.70; ANW, 0.20���0.23; TL, 1.53���1.55. Male (n = 4). As in Fig. 7. Length of DHS 10, 0.030���0.035; DHS 11, 0.100���0.110; ratio DHS 10/11, 0.30��� 0.35. Ls5 0.04���0.06 long, latero-ventral fringe with 9���11 setae. Gula with 4���5 setae on each side. Pronotum with 6 setae on posterior margin and 3 short spiniform setae at each lateral corner. First tibia with 3 outer ventro-lateral and 4 dorso-lateral setae. Metanotum enlarged with 4 marginal setae; metasternal plate with 6���7 setae; metapleurites with 3���4 short spiniform strong setae. Femur III with 12���14 setae in ventral setal brush. Abdominal segments with well-defined median gap in each row of tergal setae. Tergal setae: I, 6���8; II, 8���9; III, 9���13; IV, 11��� 15; V, 9���13; VI, 7���12; VII, 6���8; VIII, 4���5. Postspiracular setae very long on II, IV and VIII (0.48���0.50); long on I and VII (0.24���0.31); and short on III, V and VI (0.13���0.16). Length of inner posterior seta of last tergum, 0.05��� 0.07; short lateral marginal seta of last segment, 0.02���0.03. Pleural setae: I, 4���5; II, 6���7; III, 7; IV, 5���6; V, 5���6; VI, 5; VII, 4���5; VIII, 3. Pleurites I���III with only short spine-like setae; pleurites IV���VII with 0���2 slender and longer setae on inner ventral side. Anterior margin of sternal plate II with a medial notch. Sternal setae: I, 0; II, 4 in each aster, aster setae length: s1, 0.08���0.09; s2, 0.05���0.06; s3, 0.05; s4, 0.03���0.04; with 12���16 marginal setae between asters, 4���6 medioanterior; III, 18���20; IV, 2 0���22; V, 23���26; VI, 23���25; VII, 14���17; VIII, 6; remainder of plate, 6���8; with 3 setae posteriorly. With 8 internal anal setae. Genital sac sclerite as in Fig. 2. Dimensions: TW, 0.43���0.44; POW, 0.31���0.33; HL, 0.30���0.32; PW, 0.26���0.28; MW, 0.37���0.39; AW, 0.46���0.47; GW, 0.110���0.115; GSL, 0.09; TL, 1.23���1.30. Etymology. This species epithet is a noun in apposition derived from the generic name of the type host. Type material. Ex Habia rubica: Holotype ♀, San Rafael National Park, Paraguay (26��30'S, 55��47'W), 18���22 Aug. 2012, I. Literak. Paratypes: 3♀, 4♂ with the same data as holotype (MMBC���O. Sychra PG 02���05). Remarks. This is the first record of a chewing louse from Habia rubica in Paraguay. A portion of COI gene was sequenced from our specimens of Myrsidea habiae (GenBank accession number KY 113133). Comparing our sequence with other known sequences of Neotropical Myrsidea, the closest was that of M. simplex Ansari, 1956 (A/N FJ 171276) with a sequence divergence of 17.7%. Furthermore, comparing our sequence of M. habiae against all known sequences of Myrsidea, the closest was that of Myrsidea sp. ex Seiurus aurocapillus (A/N FJ 171289) from the U.S.A., with a pdistance of 16.1%. These sequence divergences are large enough to confirm M. habiae as a separate species., Published as part of Literak, Ivan, 2017, Where are the species limits? Morphology versus genetics in Neotropical chewing lice of the genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae), with description of three new species, pp. 161-179 in Zootaxa 4324 (1) on pages 168-169, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4324.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/997133, {"references":["Eichler, W. (1956) Mallophaga. In: Neithammer, G. Zur Vogelwelt Boliviens (Teil II: Passeres). Bonner Zoologischer Beitrage, 7, pp. 84 - 150.","Price, R. D. & Dalgleish, R. C. (2006) Myrsidea Waterston (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from tanager (Passeriformes: Thraupidae), with descriptions of 18 new species. Zootaxa, 1174, 1 - 25.","Ansari, M. A. R. (1956). Contribution to our knowledge of Myrsidea (Mallophaga: Amblycera) occurring on Turdidae (sens. lat.). Pakistan Journal of Health, 5, 163 - 177."]}

Myrsidea sp. 2 Material examined. Ex Trichothraupis melanops (Vieillot, 1818) ���Black-goggled tanager (Thraupidae): 1♂, San Rafael National Park, Paraguay (26��30'S, 55��47'W), 20 Aug. 2012, I. Literak. Remarks. This is the first record of a chewing louse from Trichothraupis melanops. A portion of COI gene was sequenced from our single male specimen from T. melanops (GenBank accession number KY249558). Comparing our sequence with other known sequences of Neotropical Myrsidea, the closest was Myrsidea fusca (Carriker, 1903) (A/N FJ 171267) with a sequence divergence of 16.0%. Furthermore, Myrsidea sp. 2 is morphologically very close to M. patersoni Price & Johnson, 2009 (A/N GQ454448), but the net average pdistance between these two species is 18.5%. These divergences would justify the recognition of our specimen as a separate species. However, having only one male is insufficient for an adequate description of a new species., Published as part of Literak, Ivan, 2017, Where are the species limits? Morphology versus genetics in Neotropical chewing lice of the genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae), with description of three new species, pp. 161-179 in Zootaxa 4324 (1) on page 174, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4324.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/997133, {"references":["Carriker, M. A. Jr. (1903) Mallophaga from birds of Costa Rica, Central America. University Studies Nebraska, 3, 123 - 197, 9 pls.","Price, R. D. & Johnson, K. P. (2009) Five new species of Myrsidea Waterston (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from tanagers (Passeriformes: Thraupidae) in Panama. Zootaxa, 2200, 61 - 68."]}

Myrsidea novaeseelandiae Sychra, Kolencik & Palma new species Figs 9 –11, 19–21, 27– 28. Myrsidea sp.; Pilgrim & Palma 1982: 27. Myrsidea sp.; Murray et al. 2001: 1263. Myrsidea sp.; Palma 2010: 408. Type host. Anthornis melanura oneho Bartle & Sagar, 1987 —Poor Knights bellbird (Meliphagidae). Type locality. Poor Knights Islands, Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand. Other hosts. Anthornis melanura melanura (Sparrman, 1786) —bellbird (Meliphagidae). Anthornis melanura obscura Falla, 1948 —Three Kings bellbird (Meliphagidae). Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae novaeseelandiae (J.F. Gmelin, 1788) —tui (Meliphagidae). Diagnosis. Myrsidea novaeseelandiae is morphologically close to Myrsidea hihi by having the following features in common: (1) metasternal plate with a long, pigmented distal prolongation; (2) sternite I with setae on each latero-posterior angle; (3) female sternite II subdivided in 3 plates; (4) first tibia with 3 ventral and 3 dorsal setae; (5) postspiracular seta I extremely short; and (6) shape of male genital sac sclerite. However, females of these two species can be clearly distinguished by several characters, as shown in Table 1. Conversely, as is the norm in this louse genus, males of M. novaeseelandiae and M. hihi are very similar and can only be distinguished by few details of their chaetotaxy (see key, below). Description. Female (n = 38). As in Figs 9 and 27. Hypopharyngeal sclerites weakly developed. Length of dorsal head seta (DHS) 10, 0.100– 0.130; DHS 11, 0.083–0.110; ratio DHS 10 / 11, 1.08–1.34. Labial setae 5 (ls 5) 0.06–0.09 long, latero-ventral fringe with 6–10 setae. Gula with 3–5 setae on each side. Pronotum with 6 setae on posterior margin and 3 (rarely 2) short spiniform setae at each lateral corner. Prosternal plate as in Fig. 11. First tibia with 3 outer ventro-lateral and 3 dorso-lateral setae. Metanotum enlarged, with 5–8 marginal setae; metasternal plate with 6–8 setae, and a long, pigmented distal prolongation (Fig. 27); metapleurites with 2–5 short strong spiniform setae and 0–1 long seta. Femur III with 9–18 setae in ventral setal brush. Tergites not enlarged with medioposterior margins modified as in Fig. 9. Abdominal segments with a continuous row of tergal setae at least across segments II–V. Tergal setae: I, 4; II, 9–16; III, 10–18; IV, 9–14; V, 7–14; VI, 6–11; VII, 4–7; VIII, 4. Longest tergocentral seta on segment II is quite short (0.13–0.25). Postspiracular setae: extremely short on I, long on II, IV and VIII (0.31–0.42), shorter on VII (0.18–0.33), and shortest on III, V and VI (0.06–0.16). There is a small sensillum on each lateral corner of tergite I. Inner posterior seta of last tergite not longer than anal fringe setae with length 0.04–0.06; length of short lateral marginal seta of last segment, 0.02–0.04. Pleural setae: I, 2–3; II, 5–10; III, 6–11; IV, 6–10; V, 6–12; VI, 4–9; VII, 3–6; VIII, 3–4. Pleurite I with only short spine-like setae; pleurites II–VII with slender and longer setae: II, 1–6; III, 1–5; IV, 1–4; V, 0–2; VI, 0–1; VII, 0–1; pleurites III–VII with anterior setae: III, 0–2; IV, 0–3; V, 0–5; VI, 0–3; VII, 0–1. Pleurite VIII with inner setae (0.03–0.05) as long as outer (0.03–0.04). Sternal plate II divided in three sections by two unpigmented oblique “sutures” (Fig. 27). Sternal setae: I, 1–4 setae on each latero-posterior angle; II, 4–6 in each aster, length of aster setae: s 1, 0.08–0.14; s 2, 0.04– 0.11; s 3, 0.03–0.09; s 4, 0.03–0.06; s 5, 0.02–0.04; s 6, 0.03; with 14–22 marginal setae between asters, and 6–12 medioanterior setae; III, 3 4–69 marginal setae (0–11 medioanterior setae); IV, 46–72 (4–12); V, 50–71 (5–12); VI, 46–66 (4–10); VII, 30–53 (5–13); VIII–IX, 1 7–37; and 11–17 setae on lightly spiculose vulvar margin. The outer latero-marginal setae on sternite III short, just reaching the anterior margin of sternite IV (Fig. 9). Subvulval sclerite (sternite IX) clearly visible (Figs 9, 27). Anal fringe formed by 31–46 dorsal and 30–45 ventral setae. Dimensions: TW, 0.43–0.55; POW, 0.34–0.41; HL, 0.27–0.32; PW, 0.30–0.39; MW, 0.52–0.70; AW, 0.60–0.76; ANW, 0.20–0.27; TL, 1.45–1.80. Male (n = 33). As in Fig. 28. Hypopharyngeal sclerites weakly developed. Length of dorsal head seta (DHS) 10, 0.088–0.130; DHS 11, 0.078–0.110; ratio DHS 10 / 11, 1.00– 1.33. Labial setae 5 (ls 5) 0.06–0.09 long, lateroventral fringe with 8–10 setae. Gula with 3–5 setae on each side. Pronotum with 6 setae on posterior margin and 3 short spiniform setae at each lateral corner. First tibia with 3 outer ventro-lateral and 3 dorso-lateral setae. Metanotum not enlarged with 4–6 marginal setae; metasternal plate with 6–7 setae; metapleurites with 2–3 short spiniform strong setae. Femur III with 9–17 setae in ventral setal brush. Abdominal segments with well-defined median gap in each row of tergal setae. Tergal setae: I, 4; II, 6–10; III, 6–10; IV, 6–11; V, 6–9; VI, 5–9; VII, 4–6; VIII, 4–5. Longest tergocentral seta on segment II is short (0.08–0.13). Postspiracular setae: extremely short on I, long on II, IV and VIII (0.33–0.46), shorter on VII (0.21–0.32), and shortest on III, V and VI (0.08–0.19). Inner posterior seta of last tergite 0.02–0.04 long; short lateral marginal seta of last segment, 0.02–0.03. Pleurites with only short spine-like setae; pleural setae: I, 2; II, 4–6; III, 5–7; IV, 5–7; V, 5–6; VI, 4–6; VII, 3–4; VIII, 3. Pleurite VIII with inner setae (0.03–0.05) as long as outer (0.03–0.05). Anterior margin of sternal plate II with a medial notch (Fig. 10). Sternal setae: I, 1–4; II, 4–5 in each aster—aster setae length: s 1, 0.08–0.12; s 2, 0.04–0.09; s 3, 0.03–0.06; s 4, 0.02–0.05; s 5, 0.02–0.03 —with 11–18 marginal setae between asters, and 4–9 medioanterior setae; III, 16–25 marginal setae; IV, 22–39 marginal setae (1–4 medioanterior setae); V, 29–48 (0–7); VI, 30–46 (2–7); VII, 21–32 (2–6); VIII, 21–45 (1–8) and with 4–5 thick posterior setae (Fig. 19). With 8 ventral and 4–5 dorsal anal setae; the two outer ventral setae on each side are long, reaching beyond the distal edge of the abdomen (Fig. 19). Genitalia and genital sac sclerite as in Figs 20–21, respectively; inner posterior arms of basal plate rounded (see Clay 1968: 207). Dimensions: TW, 0.37–0.47; POW, 0.30–0.36; HL, 0.25–0.30; PW, 0.24–0.35; MW, 0.36–0.45; AW, 0.42–0.52; GW, 0.09–0.11; GL, 0.38–0.48; ParL, 0.06–0.07; GSL, 0.08–0.11; TL, 1.18–1.42. Etymology. This species epithet is a noun in apposition referring to New Zealand, the country where the hosts of this louse live. Type material. Ex Anthornis melanura oneho: Holotype ♀, Aorangi Island, Poor Knights Islands, N.Z., 4 Jan. 1978, P.M. Sagar (MONZ AI.017059). Paratypes: 9 ♂, 10 ♀, same data as for the holotype (MONZ AI.017051); 2 ♂, Aorangi Island, Poor Knights Islands, N.Z., 24 Feb. 1980, P.M. Sagar (MONZ AI.017053); 12 ♂, 12 ♀, same locality, Mar. 1980, J.A. Bartle (MONZ AI.017054); 7 ♂, 10 ♀, Tawhiti Rahi, Poor Knights Islands, N.Z., 5–10 Dec. 1980, R.H. Kleinpaste (NZAC); 6 ♂, 6 ♀, Aorangi Island, Poor Knights Islands, N.Z., 1981, New Zealand Wildlife Service (MONZ AI.017056; MMBC). Additional material examined (non-types). Ex Anthornis melanura melanura: 2 ♂, 3 ♀, Turewhati, Westland, N.Z., 13 Nov. 1970, J.R. Jackson (MONZ AI.017046); 1 ♂, Ranui Cove, Auckland Islands, N.Z., 30 Jan. 1973, D.S. Horning (MONZ AI.017047); 1 ♀, Orongorongo Valley, N.Z., 4 Dec. 1973, A. Whitaker (MONZ AI. 020584); 2 ♀, Whataroa River, Westland, N.Z., 14 Jan. 1975, D. Greenwood (MONZ AI.017048); 4 ♀, Orongorongo Valley, N.Z., 18 May 1976, B.M. Fitzgerald (MONZ AI.017049); 2 ♀, Dunedin, N.Z., 14 May 1977, L.C. Esler (MONZ AI.017050); 2 ♂, 2 ♀, Little River, Canterbury, N.Z., 13 Mar. 1978, P.R. Kearton (MONZ AI.017052); 7 ♂, 9 ♀, Hunter Mountains, Tahakopa, Otago, N.Z., 11 Feb. 1983, F. Sibley (MONZ AI.017057); 2 ♂, Christchurch, Canterbury, N.Z., 7 Jul. 2005, T.D. Galloway (MONZ AI. 033014); 3 ♂, 3 ♀, Auckland Islands, N.Z., no date, E. Jennings (MONZ AI.017045); 3 ♂, 2 ♀, New Zealand, no date, M. Marples (MONZ AI.017042- 4). Ex Anthornis melanura obscura: 9 ♂, 7 ♀, Great Island, Three King Islands, N.Z., Nov. 1970, J.C. Watt (MONZ AI.017058; NZAC). Ex Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae novaeseelandiae: 1 ♂, Nelson, N.Z., 11 Nov. 1951, L. Gurr (MONZ AI.017030); 4 ♀, Ngongotaha, Rotorua, N.Z., 14 Aug. 1972, H.H. Clifford (MONZ AI.017039); 6 ♂, 5 ♀, Trentham, Hutt Valley, Wellington, N.Z., 21 Dec. 1972, L. Moran (MONZ AI.017040); 2 ♂, 2 ♀, Ranui Cove, Auckland Islands, N.Z., 5 Feb. 1973, D.S. Horning (MONZ AI.017031); 1 ♂, Orongorongo Valley, N.Z., 27 Sep. 1973, A. Whitaker (MONZ AI. 020585); 4 ♂, 4 ♀, Wanganui River, Westland, N.Z., 17 Jan. 1975, D. Greenwood (MONZ AI.017032); 1 ♂, 3 ♀, Whakarewarewa, Rotorua, N.Z., 30 Jul. 1975, (MONZ AI.017041); 12 ♂, 12 ♀, Orongorongo Valley, N.Z., 18 Feb. 1976, B.M. Fitzgerald (MONZ AI.017033); 28 ♂, 25 ♀, Lower Hutt, Wellington, N.Z., 10 Jul. 1977, M. Bar-Brown (MONZ AI.017035; MMBC); 1 ♂, Western Springs, Auckland, N.Z., 23 Oct. 1977, A. Noordhof (NZAC); 10 ♂, 10 ♀, Little Barrier Island, N.Z., 1 Feb. 1979, C.R. Veitch (MONZ AI.017036; NZAC); 10 ♂, 10 ♀, Titirangi, Auckland, N.Z., 22 Jul. 1980, W. Kemp (MONZ AI.017037; NZAC); 8 ♂, 17 ♀, Karamea, Westland, N.Z., no date, T.P. Fisher (MONZ AI.017038); 2 ♂, 2 ♀, South Island, N.Z., no date, T.D. Galloway (MONZ AI. 033020). Remarks. We found no significant differences among the Myrsidea populations from the four hosts listed above. Myrsidea novaeseelandiae is the first species of Myrsidea described from the family Meliphagidae. Although it is morphologically closest to M. hihi, the latter species parasitises a host belonging to another family, Notiomystidae, of uncertain relationships, but possibly closer to the Callaeidae (Checklist Committee 2010: 283). Considering other members of the superfamily Meliphagoidea—comprising the families Meliphagidae (honeyeaters), Maluridae (fairy-wrens), Pardalotidae (pardalotes), Acanthizidae (scrub-birds & thornbills) and the genus Dasyornis (bristleheads) (Barker et al. 2002, 2004)—there are only two species of Myrsidea described from fairy wrens: Myrsidea pectinata Clay, 1965 from Malurus alboscapulatus Meyer, 1874, and Myrsidea strangeri Clay, 1970 from Malurus cyaneus Latham, 1783 and Malurus splendens (Quoy & Gaimard, 1830). However, these two Myrsidea species clearly differ from Myrsidea novaeseelandiae by having (1) males with antero-central setae on tergites I–VII; (2) prosternal plates with convex anterior margins; (3) asters with only a single spine-like seta on each side; (4) pleurites I–IV with short spine-like setae only; and (5) different male genital sac sclerites.

Myrsidea vincula (Le Souëf & Bullen, 1902) Figs 7 –8, 17–18, 23– 24. Colpocephalum vinculum Le Souëf & Bullen, 1902: 158, fig. 10. Colpocephalum vinculum Le Souëf & Bullen, 1902; Harrison 1916: 56 Myrsidea vincula (Le Souëf & Bullen, 1902); Hopkins & Clay 1952: 234. Myrsidea vincula (Le Souëf & Bullen, 1902); Palma 1996: 139. Myrsidea vincula (Le Souëf & Bullen, 1902); Murray et al. 2006: 1957. Myrsidea sp.; Murray et al. 2006: 1957. Type host. Strepera graculina (Shaw, 1790) —pied currawong (Artamidae). Other host. Strepera fuliginosa (Gould, 1837) —black currawong (Artamidae). This paper. Type locality. Victoria, Australia. Redescription. Female (n = 3). As in Figs 7 and 23. Hypopharyngeal sclerites well developed (Fig. 8). Length of dorsal head seta (DHS) 10, 0.080–0.110; DHS 11, 0.120–0.130; ratio DHS 10 / 11, 0.64–0.85. Labial setae 5 (ls 5) 0.10 long, latero-ventral fringe with 13–15 setae. Gula with 5–6 setae on each side. Pronotum with 8 setae on its posterior margin and 3 short spiniform setae on each lateral corner. Prosternal plate triangular (as Fig. 3). First tibia with 3–5 outer ventro-lateral and 11–17 dorso-lateral setae. Metanotum not enlarged, with 6–7 marginal setae; metasternal plate with 13–15 setae; metapleurites with 2–4 short strong spiniform setae. Femur III with 41–46 setae in ventral setal brush. Tergites not enlarged, all with straight posterior margin. Abdominal segments with small but well-defined median gap in each row of tergal setae. Tergal setae: I, 4–7; II, 6–9; III, 9–10; IV, 8–13; V, 9–11; VI, 7–10; VII, 4; VIII, 4. Postspiracular setae long on II, III, IV, VI, VII and VIII (0.50–0.64), shorter on I (0.34), and shortest on V (0.15–0.22). Inner posterior seta of last tergite not longer than anal fringe setae with length 0.04– 0.05; length of short lateral marginal seta of last segment 0.03–0.04 (Fig. 7). Pleural posterior setae: I, 5–7; II–III, 7–9; IV, 7–10; V, 8–11; VI, 7–9; VII, 5–8; VIII, 3. Pleural anterior setae: IV–VII, 1–3. Pleurites I–III with only short spine-like setae; pleurites IV–VII with 1–4 additional slender and longer setae. Inner setae on pleurite VIII (0.18–0.2) three times as long as outer (0.06–0.07). Anterior margin of sternal plate II with a medial notch (as in Fig. 6). Sternal setae: I, 0; II, 3–4 in each aster—aster setae length: s 1, 0.05–0.07; s 2, 0.03–0.04; s 3, 0.03; s 4, 0.02– 0.03 —with 14–15 marginal setae between asters, and 12–14 medioanterior setae; III, 37–43 marginal setae; IV, 54– 73; V, 57–73; VI, 61–74; VII, 21–26; VIII–IX, 1 5–19; and 16–20 setae on deeply serrated vulvar margin; also with 1–3 medioanterior setae on sternites III–VII. Subvulval sclerite (sternite IX) clearly visible (Fig. 7). Anal fringe formed by 41–47 dorsal and 38–45 ventral setae. Dimensions: TW, 0.66–0.68; POW, 0.47–0.49; HL, 0.40–0.41; PW, 0.41–0.42; MW, 0.63–0.66; AW, 0.88–0.91; ANW, 0.34–0.35; TL, 2.17–2.27. Male (n = 1). As in Fig. 24. Similar to female, except as follows: Length of dorsal head seta (DHS) 10, 0.100– 0.110; DHS 11, 0.115–0.120; ratio DHS 10 / 11, 0.87–0.92. Labial setae 5 (ls 5) 0.08 long, latero-ventral fringe with 15–16 setae. Gula with 5 setae on each side. Prosternal plate triangular. First tibia with 3 outer ventro-lateral and 14 dorso-lateral setae. Metanotum not enlarged with 8 marginal setae; metasternal plate with 13 setae; metapleurites with 4 short spiniform strong setae. Femur III with 46–47 setae in ventral setal brush. Abdominal segments with well-defined median gap in each row of tergal setae. Tergal setae: I, 4; II, 9; III–IV, 11; V, 12; VI, 8; VII, 4; VIII, 4. Postspiracular setae long on I–IV, VII and VIII (0.40–0.60), shorter on VI (0.35–0.37), and shortest on V (0.20). Length of inner posterior seta of last tergite, 0.05; short lateral marginal seta of last segment, 0.03. Pleural setae: I, 5; II–V, 7–8; VI, 8; VII, 3–5; VIII, 3. Pleurites I–II with only short spine-like setae; pleurites III–VII with 1–4 slender and longer setae; pleurites V–VI with 1 anterior setae. Pleurite VIII with inner setae (0.15) three times as long as outer (0.05). Anterior margin of sternal plate II with a medial notch. Sternal setae: I, 0; II, 3 in each aster, aster setae broken; with 15 marginal setae between asters, and 8 medioanterior setae; III, 36 marginal setae; IV, 59; V, 71; VI, 70; VII, 38; VIII, 30 anterior and 4 posterior setae; and 1–3 medioanterior setae on sternites IV–VIII. With 8 internal anal setae. Genitalia and genital sac sclerite as in Figs 17–18, respectively; inner posterior arms of basal plate rounded (see Clay 1968: 207). Dimensions: TW, 0.64; POW, 0.47; HL, 0.39; PW, 0.40; MW, 0.55; AW, 0.73; GW, 0.16; GL, 0.30; ParL, 0.06; GSL, 0.13; TL, 1.96. Material examined. Ex Strepera fuliginosa: 1 ♂, 3 ♀, Maydena, Tasmania, Australia, 11–16 December 1959, T. Anderson (ANIC). Remarks. We have been unable to locate the type specimen(s) of Myrsidea vincula as their whereabouts are unknown (Palma 1996: 139), or any other material from its type host despite our enquiries to major entomological collections in Australia. Since our redescription is based on specimens from a closely related host, we may be incorrect in assuming that the Myrsidea from these two species of Strepera are conspecific. However, we prefer to be conservative and risk an incorrect identification rather than to describe and name a new species which may later prove to be a junior synonym of M. vincula.

Myrsidea hihi Sychra, Kolencik & Palma new species Figs 12 ���13, 22, 29���30. Myrsidea sp.; Pilgrim & Palma 1982: 27. Myrsidea sp.; Murray et al. 2001: 1263. Myrsidea sp.; Palma 2010: 408. Type host:. Notiomystis cincta (du Bus de Gisignies, 1839) ���stitchbird or hihi (Notiomystidae) Type locality. Mount Bruce, Wairarapa, New Zealand. Diagnosis. Myrsidea hihi is morphologically close to Myrsidea novaeseelandiae (see above). See Table 1. to distinguish the females of these two species. Description. Female (n = 11). As in Figs 12 and 29. Hypopharyngeal sclerites weakly developed. Length of dorsal head seta (DHS) 10, 0.105���0.130; DHS 11, 0.090 ���0.100; ratio DHS 10 / 11, 1.10���1.33. Labial setae 5 (ls 5) 0.07���0.09 long, latero-ventral fringe with 7���10 setae. Gula with 4���5 setae on each side. Pronotum with 6 setae on posterior margin and 3 short spiniform setae at each lateral corner. Prosternal plate as in Fig. 13. First tibia with 3 outer ventro-lateral and 3 dorso-lateral setae. Metanotum enlarged, with 6���8 marginal setae (Fig. 12); metasternal plate with 7���8 setae, and a long, pigmented distal prolongation (Fig. 29); metapleurites with 3���4 short strong spiniform setae and 1���2 long seta. Femur III with 1 1���15 setae in ventral setal brush. Tergite I larger than remainder; tergites II���V not enlarged, sinuous (Fig. 12). Abdominal segments with continuous row of tergal setae at least across segment II���V. Tergal setae: I, 4���5; II, 13���17; III, 14���17; IV, 12���16; V, 10���13; VI, 8���10; VII, 5���7; VIII, 4. Longest tergocentral seta on segment II is quite long (0.25���0.33). Postspiracular setae: extremely short on I, long on II, IV and VIII (0.33���0.44), shorter on VII (0.16���0.21), and shortest on III, V and VI (0.08���0.19). Inner posterior seta of last tergite 0.04���0.05 long, not longer than anal fringe; short lateral marginal seta 0.02���0.03 long. Pleural setae: I, 2; II, 8���12; III, 8���14; IV, 9���13; V, 8���12; VI, 6���10; VII, 3���7; VIII, 3. Pleurite I with only short spine-like setae; pleurites II���IV with 6���11 slender and longer setae; pleurites III���VII with 1���3 anterior setae. Pleurite VIII with inner setae (0.03���0.05) as long as outer (0.03���0.04). Sternal plate II divided in three sections by two unpigmented oblique ���sutures��� (Fig. 29). Sternal setae: I, 1���3 setae on each latero-posterior angle; II, 4���6 in each aster���aster setae length: s 1, 0.11���0.13; s 2, 0.05���0.10; s 3, 0.04���0.07; s 4, 0.04���0.05; s 5, 0.04���0.05; s 6, 0.05 ��� with 19���24 marginal setae between asters, and 8���17 medioanterior; III, 50���73 marginal setae (3���12 medioanterior setae); IV, 64���79 (9���15); V, 65���80 (10���15); VI, 58���74 (8���17); VII, 40���54 (9���14); VIII���IX, 27���40, and 15���16 setae on lightly spiculose vulvar margin. The outer latero-marginal setae on sternite III very long, reaching well beyond the posterior margin of sternite IV (Fig. 12). Subvulval sclerite (sternite IX) clearly visible (Figs 12, 29). Anal fringe formed by 35���43 dorsal and 37���45 ventral setae. Dimensions: TW, 0.44���0.48; POW, 0.34���0.36; HL, 0.27��� 0.3; PW, 0.31���0.35; MW, 0.59���0.68; AW, 0.71���0.80; ANW, 0.20���0.23; TL, 1.51���1.70. Male (n = 12). As in Fig. 30. Hypopharyngeal sclerites weakly developed. Length of dorsal head seta (DHS) 10, 0.100��� 0.120; DHS 11, 0.090 ���0.100; ratio DHS 10 / 11, 1.00��� 1.22. Labial setae 5 (ls 5) 0.07���0.08 long, lateroventral fringe with 8���9 setae. Gula with 3���5 setae on each side. Pronotum with 6 setae on posterior margin and 3 short spiniform setae at each lateral corner. First tibia with 3 outer ventro-lateral and 3 dorso-lateral setae. Metanotum not enlarged with 4���7 marginal setae; metasternal plate with 6���7 setae; metapleurites with 2���3 short spiniform strong setae. Femur III with 12���16 setae in ventral setal brush. Abdominal segments with well-defined median gap in each row of tergal setae. Tergal setae: I, 4; II, 7���11; III, 9���12; IV, 8���11; V, 7���9; VI, 6���8; VII, 4���6; VIII, 4. Longest tergocentral seta on segment II is relatively short (0.13���0.19). Postspiracular setae: extremely short on I, long on II, IV and VIII (0.31���0.42), shorter on VII (0.16���0.28), and shortest on III, V and VI (0.12��� 0.21). Inner posterior seta of last tergite 0.02���0.03 long; short lateral marginal seta 0.02���0.03 long. Pleurites with only short spine-like setae; pleural setae: I, 2; II, 4���6; III���V, 5���7; VI, 4���6; VII, 4; VIII, 3. Pleurite VIII with inner setae (0.04���0.05) as long as outer (0.03���0.05). Anterior margin of sternal plate II with a medial notch. Sternal setae: I, 2���3; II, 4���5 in each aster���aster setae length: s 1, 0.09���0.11; s 2, 0.06���0.09; s 3, 0.04���0.05; s 4, 0.02���0.03 ��� with 14���19 marginal setae between asters, and 4���9 medioanterior setae; III, 20���30 marginal setae; IV, 28���44 marginal setae (2���6 medioanterior setae); V, 36���51 (4���8); VI, 35���48 (5���7); VII, 22���33 (1���8); VIII, 35���50 (4���8). With 8���9 ventral and 3���5 dorsal anal setae. Genitalia as in Fig. 22; inner posterior arms of basal plate rounded (see Clay 1968: 207). Dimensions: TW, 0.39���0.42; POW, 0.31���0.34; HL, 0.26���0.28; PW, 0.28���0.30; MW, 0.36���0.43; AW, 0.44���0.50; GW, 0.09���0.11; GL, 0.40���0.48; ParL, 0.06���0.07; GSL, 0.07���0.12; TL, 1.19���1.37. Etymology. This species epithet ��� hihi ��� is the name of the type host in Maori language (Checklist Committee 2010: 356), and is used here as a noun in apposition. Type material. Ex Notiomystis cincta: Holotype ♀, Mount Bruce, Wairarapa, N.Z., 20 Dec. 1980 [bird hatched in captivity from parents transferred from Little Barrier Island] (MONZ AI. 033098). Paratypes: 1 ♂, same data as for the holotype (MONZ AI.017060); 6 ♂, 7 ♀, Little Barrier Island, N.Z., 18 Feb. 1979, C.R. Veitch (NZAC); 12 ♂, 12 ♀, Mount Bruce, Wairarapa, N.Z., 1981, Wildlife Service [captive bird transferred from Little Barrier Island] (MONZ AI.017061; MMBC); 1 ♂, Little Barrier Island, N.Z., 4 Apr. 1985, C.R. Veitch (MONZ AI.017062). Note. By the late 1880 s, the stitchbird had vanished from the New Zealand mainland, with only one population surviving on Little Barrier Island. A captive breeding programme was initiated in the 1980 s, with successful reintroductions of stitchbirds into other islands (Checklist Committee 2010: 284). Remarks. The type host of Myrsidea hihi, Notiomystis cincta, was placed in the family Meliphagidae until recently, but was transferred to a new monotypic family, Notiomystidae, based on DNA studies, which also showed a closer relationship of this family with the Callaeidae (Checklist Committee 2010: 283). Considering that there are no records of Myrsidea lice from the Callaeidae (see Pilgrim & Palma 1982: 28; Price et al. 2003: 337) and that Myrsidea hihi is morphologically closest to M. novaeseelandiae, we can speculate that there has been a host-switch of Myrsidea lice between the hosts of these two species. Furthermore, if there was a host-switch, we believe that it was more likely from a meliphagid species to Notiomystis or its ancestor because two different genera of New Zealand honeyeaters are parasitised by the same species of Myrsidea (see above). Considering that Notiomystis cincta, the single host of Myrsidea hihi, is classified as a ���Nationally Vulnerable��� species in regard to its conservation status (Robertson et al. 2013: 11), thus this louse should also be regarded in the same category., Published as part of Sychra, Oldrich, Kolencik, Stanislav & Palma, Ricardo L., 2016, Three new species of Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from New Zealand passerines (Aves: Passeriformes), pp. 397-410 in Zootaxa 4126 (3) on pages 405-409, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4126.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/255289, {"references":["Pilgrim, R. L. C. & Palma, R. L. (1982) A list of the chewing lice (Insecta: Mallophaga) from birds in New Zealand. Notornis, 29 (Supplement), 1 - 32. [also as National Museum of New Zealand Miscellaneous Series 6]","Murray, M. D., Palma, R. L., Pilgrim, R. L. C. & Shaw, M. D. (2001) Ectoparasites of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic birds. In: Higgins, P. J., Peter, J. M. & Steele, W. K. (Eds.), Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds. Vol. 5. Tyrant-flycatchers to Chats. Oxford University Press, Melbourne, pp. 1261 - 1263.","Clay, T. (1968) Contributions towards a revision of Myrsidea Waterston. III. (Menoponidae: Mallophaga). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology, 21 (4), 203 - 243, 4 pls.","Price, R. D., Hellenthal, R. A. & Palma, R. L. (2003) World checklist of chewing lice with host associations and keys to families and genera. In: Price, R. D., Hellenthal, R. A., Palma, R. L., Johnson, K. P. & Clayton, D. H. (Eds.), The chewing lice: world checklist and biological overview. Illinois Natural History Survey Special Publication, 24, pp. 1 - 448.","Robertson, H. A., Dowding, J. E., Elliott, G. P., Hitchmough, R. A., Miskelly, C. M., O'Donnell, C. F. J., Powlesland, R. G., Sagar, P. M., Scofield, R. P. & Taylor, G. A. (2013) Conservation status of New Zealand birds, 2012. Department of Conservation, New Zealand Threat Classification, Series 4, 1 - 22."]}

Myrsidea ivanliteraki Sychra, Kolencik & Palma new species Figs 1 ���6, 14���16, 25��� 26. Myrsidea sp.; Pilgrim & Palma 1982: 28. Myrsidea sp.; Murray et al. 2006: 1957. Myrsidea sp.; Palma 2010: 408. Type host. Gymnorhina tibicen (Latham, 1802) ���Australian magpie (Artamidae) Type locality. Little Barrier Island, Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand. Diagnosis. Myrsidea ivanliteraki is morphologically close to Myrsidea vincula (compare habitus of females: Figs 1 and 7; hypopharyngeal sclerites: Figs 2 and 8; male genitalia and genital sac sclerite: Figs 15���18; habitus of females: Figs 23 and 25; habitus of males: Figs 24 and 26), but they differ in the following features of both sexes: (1) ratio of dorsal head setae (DHS) 10 / 11: 0.91���1.30 (0.64���0.92 in M. vincula); (2) first tibia with 23���35 dorsolateral setae (11���17 in M. vincula); (3) pleurite II with one conspicuously long seta on its inner dorsal side (only short setae in M. vincula). Furthermore, females of these species differ in the number of some abdominal setae, as follows: tergite I with 10���15 setae in M. ivanliteraki (6���9 in M. vincula); female sternite III with 58���94 setae (37��� 43 in M. vincula); female sternites IV���V each with 77���113 setae (54���73 in M. vincula). Males differ in the number of setae on sternite III: 45���73 in M. ivanliteraki (36 in M. vincula), and sternite IV: 68���95 (59 in M. vincula). Description. Female (n = 33). As in Figs 1 and 25. Hypopharyngeal sclerites well developed (Fig. 2). Length of dorsal head seta (DHS) 10, 0.113���0.150; DHS 11, 0.108���0.160; ratio DHS 10 / 11, 0.91���1.30. Labial setae 5 (ls 5) 0.09���0.13 long, latero-ventral fringe with 15���18 setae. Gula with 6���11 setae on each side, most frequently 7���9. Pronotum with 8 setae on posterior margin and 3 short spiniform setae at each lateral corner. Prosternal plate as in Fig. 3. First tibia with 3 outer ventro-lateral and 23���35 dorso-lateral setae (Fig. 4). Metanotum not enlarged, with 5���8 marginal setae; metasternal plate with 12���21 setae; metapleurites with 3���6 short strong spiniform setae and 1 long seta. Femur III with 5 2���68 setae in ventral setal brush. Tergites not enlarged, all with straight posterior margin. Abdominal segments with well-defined median gap in each row of tergal setae. Tergal setae: I, 8���13; II, 9��� 14; III, 9���15; IV, 10���15; V, 9���15; VI, 5���10; VII, 4���6; VIII, 4. Postspiracular setae of variable length on II, III, IV, VI, VII and VIII (0.51���0.70), shorter on average on I and V (0.25���0.55). Inner posterior seta of last tergite not longer than anal fringe setae with length 0.06���0.10; length of short lateral marginal seta of last segment, 0.04���0.05. Pleural posterior setae: I, 5���8; II, 6���10; III, 7���12; IV, 8���14; V, 8���12; VI, 6���10; VII, 4���6; VIII, 3. Pleural anterior setae: II, 0���1 (30 females without setae); III, 1���3; IV, 1���5; V, 2���5; VI, 1���4; VII, 0���1. Pleurites I���VII with additional slender and longer setae: I, 0���1 (29 females without setae); II, 1���2; III, 4���10; IV, 3���8; V, 4���8; VI, 1���8; VII, 2���6; pleurite II one conspicuously long seta on inner dorsal angle. Inner setae on pleurite VIII (0.19���0.36) four times as long as outer setae (0.05���0.10). Anterior margin of sternal plate II conspicuously pigmented, with a medial notch (Figs 6, 25). Sternal setae: I, 0 (five females with one seta); II, 2���5 in each aster���aster setae length: s 1, 0.05���0.09; s 2, 0.04���0.07; s 3, 0.04���0.06; s 4, 0.02���0.04; s 5, 0.03 ���with 16���23 marginal setae between asters, and 16���24 medioanterior setae; III, 58���94 marginal setae (4���14 medioanterior setae); IV, 78���113 (1���8); V, 77���113 (1���5); VI, 45���73 (0���3); VII, 10���19 (0���2); VIII���IX, 13���22; and 11���18 setae on deeply serrated vulvar margin. Subvulval sclerite (sternite IX) clearly visible (Fig. 1, 25). Anal fringe formed by 51���61 dorsal and 41���50 ventral setae. Dimensions: TW, 0.64���0.70; POW, 0.47���0.49; HL, 0.38���0.41; PW, 0.38���0.43; MW, 0.63���0.72; AW, 0.90���1.10; ANW, 0.33���0.36; TL, 2.21���2.53. Male (n = 31). As in Fig. 26. Hypopharyngeal sclerites well developed (Fig. 2). Length of dorsal head seta (DHS) 10, 0.105���1.480; DHS 11, 0.108���1.430; ratio DHS 10 / 11, 0.94���1.20. Labial setae 5 (ls 5) 0.08���0.11 long, latero-ventral fringe with 15���18 setae. Gula with 5���10 setae on each side. Pronotum with 8���9 setae on posterior margin and 3 short spiniform setae at each lateral corner. Prosternal plate as in Fig. 5. First tibia with 3 outer ventro-lateral and 25���34 dorso-lateral setae. Metanotum not enlarged with 4���7 marginal setae; metasternal plate with 13���21 setae; metapleurites with 2���6 short spiniform strong setae and 1 long seta. Femur III with 45���62 setae in ventral setal brush. Abdominal segments with well-defined median gap in each row of tergal setae. Tergal setae: I, 4���9; II, 6���11; III, 7���11; IV, 7���12; V, 6���11; VI, 4���8; VII, 4���6; VIII, 4; with 3���5 dorsal anal setae. Postspiracular setae of variable length on I���IV and VI���VIII (0.41���0.73), and shorter on V (0.27���0.45). Length of inner posterior seta of last tergite, 0.05���0.13; short lateral marginal seta of last segment, 0.02���0.03. Pleural setae: I, 4���7; II, 5���8; III, 6���10; IV, 6���9; V, 5���9; VI, 5���8; VII, 4���6; VIII, 3. Pleurites II���VII with slender and longer setae (pleurite II with one conspicuously long seta on inner dorsal side): I, 0���1; II, 1���3; III, 2���6; IV, 3���6; V, 2���5; VI, 1���5; VII, 1���3; pleurites III���VII with anterior setae: III, 0���1; IV, 0���1; V, 1���2; VI, 0���3; VII, 0���1. Pleurite VIII with inner setae (0.19���0.34) five times as long as outer (0.04���0.06). Anterior margin of sternal plate II conspicuously pigmented, with a medial notch (Figs 6, 26). Sternal setae: I, 0 (one male with one seta); II, 2���4 in each aster (Fig. 6) ��� aster setae length: s 1, 0.05���0.08; s 2, 0.04���0.07; s 3 and s 4, 0.03���0.05 ���with 13���20 marginal setae between asters, and 8��� 17 medioanterior setae; III, 45���73 marginal setae (2���13 medioanterior setae); IV, 68���95 (1���11); V, 71���99 (1���10); VI, 47���70 (0���5); VII, 15���27 (0���3); VIII, 18���30 (1���4) (Fig. 14). With 8���10 short internal anal setae (Fig. 14). Genitalia and genital sac sclerite as in Figs 15���16, respectively; inner posterior arms of basal plate rounded (see Clay 1968: 207). Dimensions: TW, 0.60���0.65; POW, 0.43���0.46; HL, 0.36���0.39; PW, 0.36���0.39; MW, 0.53���0.59; AW, 0.7���0.8; GW, 0.14���0.16; GL, 0.27���0.35; ParL, 0.06; GSL, 0.10���0.12; TL, 1.85���2.20. Etymology. This species is named after Dr Ivan Liter��k (University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic) for his contributions to Phthiraptera taxonomy and his support to the senior author over many years. Type material. Ex Gymnorhina tibicen: Holotype ♀, Little Barrier Island, Hauraki Gulf, N.Z., 24 Apr. 1976, C.R. Veitch (MONZ AI.016992). Paratypes: 1 ♂, 3 ♀, same data as for the holotype (MONZ AI.016990); 5 ♂, 6 ♀, Tokomaru Bay, Gisborne, N.Z., 10 Dec. 1973, M. Williams (MONZ AI.016987); 9 ♂, 9 ♀, Ohingaiti, N.Z., 2 Oct. 1977, R.L. Palma (MONZ AI.016989); 6 ♂, 6 ♀, Titahi Bay, Wellington, N.Z., 10 Oct. 1977, T.P. Fisher (MONZ AI.016988); 24 ♂, 24 ♀, Opunake, Taranaki, N.Z., Nov. 1984, F. Chambers (MONZ AI.016991; MMBC). Additional material examined (non-types). Ex Gymnorhina tibicen: 3 ♀, Benalla, Victoria, Australia, 28 Aug. 1974, J.M. Hughes (MONZ AI.016995); 1 ♀, Euroa, Victoria, Australia, 18 Sep. 1974, J.M. Hughes (MONZ AI.016996); 2 ♀, Kilmore, Victoria, Australia, 19 Sep. 1974, J.M. Hughes (MONZ AI.016997); 1 ♀, Queensland, Australia, Jul. 1975, J.M. Hughes (MONZ AI.016998). Remarks. The New Zealand magpie population originated from Australian stock introduced in the 1860 s and included two forms, the black-backed and the white-backed magpies (Gymnorhina tibicen tibicen and Gymnorhina tibicen hypoleuca (Gould, 1837) respectively). However, these two forms have widely interbred in New Zealand and are now regarded as a single taxonomic entity at species level (Checklist Committee 2010: 296). Most of our material examined of M. ivanliteraki originated from birds collected in New Zealand, but we have also examined a few females from Australia, thus confirming the presence of this louse in the native population of the host. Considering the current recognition of many subspecies of Gymnorhina tibicen in Australia, and with extensive zones of hybridisation among them (Schodde & Mason 1999), it is not possible to determine the subspecies of the individual hosts which carried the specimens of M. ivanliteraki listed above., Published as part of Sychra, Oldrich, Kolencik, Stanislav & Palma, Ricardo L., 2016, Three new species of Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from New Zealand passerines (Aves: Passeriformes), pp. 397-410 in Zootaxa 4126 (3) on pages 399-401, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4126.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/255289, {"references":["Pilgrim, R. L. C. & Palma, R. L. (1982) A list of the chewing lice (Insecta: Mallophaga) from birds in New Zealand. Notornis, 29 (Supplement), 1 - 32. [also as National Museum of New Zealand Miscellaneous Series 6]","Murray, M. D., Palma, R. L., Pilgrim, R. L. C. & Shaw, M. D. (2006) Appendix I: Ectoparasites of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic birds. In: Higgins, P. J., Peter, J. M. & Cowling, S. J. (Eds.), Handbook of Australian, New Zealand & Antarctic Birds. Vol. 7. Boatbill to Starlings. Oxford University Press, Melbourne, pp. 1956 - 1960.","Clay, T. (1968) Contributions towards a revision of Myrsidea Waterston. III. (Menoponidae: Mallophaga). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology, 21 (4), 203 - 243, 4 pls.","Schodde, R. & Mason, I. J. (1999) The directory of Australian birds. A taxonomic and zoogeographic atlas of the biodiversity of birds in Australia and its territories. Passerines. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Victoria, x + 851 pp."]}

The only species of previously named Myrsidea Waterston, 1915 from Neotropical jays of the genus Cyanocorax Boie (Passeriformes: Corvidae), Myrsidea fallax Kéler, 1938 (type-host Cyanocorax cyanomelas Vieillot), is redescribed and six new species of lice in the genus Myrsidea are described: Myrsideapseudofallax n. sp. [type-host C. c. chrysops (Vieillot)]; M. moriona n. sp. [type-host C. m. morio (Wagler)]; Myrsidea daleclaytoni n. sp. [type-host C. v. violaceus Du Bus de Gisignies]; Myrsidealindolphoi n. sp. [type-host C. caeruleus (Vieillot)]; Myrsideamelanocyanei n. sp. [type-host C. melanocyaneus chavezi (Miller & Griscom)]; and Myrsideacristatelli n. sp. [type-host C. cristatellus (Temminck)]. A key to the identification of both sexes of these seven species is provided. Immature stages of M. daleclaytoni n. sp. (all instars) and M. cristatelli n. sp. (nymph III) are described. External chorionic architecture of the eggs is described and illustrated for six Myrsidea spp. from corvine birds: M. picae (Linnaeus, 1758) ex Pica p. pica L.; M. cornicis (DeGeer, 1778) ex Corvus c. corone L.; M. isostoma (Nitzsch in Giebel, 1866) ex Co. f. frugilegus L.; M. interrupta (Osborn, 1896) ex Co. brachyrhynchus Brehm; M. fallax ex Cy. cyanomelas; and M. moriona n. sp. ex Cy. m. morio. This is the first review of the data on Myrsidea spp. infesting Neotropical Corvidae. Fil: Valim, Michel P.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil Fil: Cicchino, Armando Conrado. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología. Grupo de Entomología Edáfica Bonaerense Suboriental - GENEBSO; Argentina

Myrsidea vincesmithi Price, Johnson & Dalgleish, 2008 Report. [1] PRICE et al. (2008a: 63). Host. Pheugopedius rutilus (Vieillot, 1819) – Trinidad [1]., Published as part of Sychra, Oldřich, Kounek, Filip, Papoušek, Ivo, Ćapek, Miroslav, Cárdenas-Callirgos, Jorge Manuel, Franco, Sebastian & Literák, Ivan, 2014, Chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera et Ischnocera) from wrens (Passeriformes: Troglodytidae), with description of a new species of Myrsidea, pp. 1-27 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54 (1) on page 24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4503818

Myrsidea bessae Price, Johnson & Dalgleish, 2008 Report. [1] PRICE et al. (2008a: 61). Hosts. Cantorchilus semibadius (Salvin, 1870) – Panama [1]; Pheugopedius fasciatoventris Lafresnaye, 1845 – Panama [1]., Published as part of Sychra, Oldřich, Kounek, Filip, Papoušek, Ivo, Ćapek, Miroslav, Cárdenas-Callirgos, Jorge Manuel, Franco, Sebastian & Literák, Ivan, 2014, Chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera et Ischnocera) from wrens (Passeriformes: Troglodytidae), with description of a new species of Myrsidea, pp. 1-27 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54 (1) on page 24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4503818

Myrsidea faccioae Valim & Weckstein, 2013 Report. [1] VALIM & WECKSTEIN (2013: 392). Host. Cyphorhinus arada (Hermann, 1783) – Brazil [1]., Published as part of Sychra, Oldřich, Kounek, Filip, Papoušek, Ivo, Ćapek, Miroslav, Cárdenas-Callirgos, Jorge Manuel, Franco, Sebastian & Literák, Ivan, 2014, Chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera et Ischnocera) from wrens (Passeriformes: Troglodytidae), with description of a new species of Myrsidea, pp. 1-27 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54 (1) on page 24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4503818

Myrsidea fasciata Sychra & Kounek sp. nov. ( Figs 1, 2 A–B) Type host. Campylorhynchus fasciatus (Swainson, 1838) – Fasciated cactus-wren. Type locality. Peru, Cascay near Huanuco, 1845 m a.s.l., 9°50'S, 76°80'W. Type material. HOLOTYPE: ♀ (MMBC), labelled ‘ O. Sychra PE01 / Myrsidea fasciata / Sychra & Kounek sp. nov. / HOLOTYPE (red) // Campylorhynchus fasciatus / PERÚ: Cascay / near Huanuco / 20.viii.2011 / Literák leg. ’. PARATYPES: 3 ♀♀ 3 33, same label data as holotype except ‘O. Sychra PE01–05’. Description. Female (n = 4). As in Figs 1A and 2A. Hypopharyngeal sclerites weakly developed (Fig. 1B). Length of dorsal head seta (DHS) 10, 0.070 –0.090; DHS 11, 0.095 –0.100; ratio DHS 10/11, 0.70–0.90. Gula with 5–6 setae on each side. Metasternal plate with 5–6 setae; metanotum not enlarged, with 11–12 marginal setae (all setae are counted). First tibia with 3 outer lateral ventral and 4 dorsal setae. Femur III with 19–20 setae in ventral setal brush. Tergites not enlarged, tergites II–IV with a slightly convex medioposterior margin each (Fig. 1C). Tergal setae with median gap in each row, and setal numbers as follows (postspiracular setae and short associated setae are included): tergite I, 12–15; II, 17–19; III, 17–18; IV, 16–19; V, 18–20; VI, 17–20; VII, 14–16; VIII, 8–9. Postspiracular setae very long on II, IV, VII and VIII (0.45–0.50); long on VI (0.33–0.43) as well as on I and III (0.26–0.32); short on V (0.13–0.19). Sternal setae: II, 5–6 in each aster, 16–20 marginal setae between asters, 4–6 anterior; III, 25–31; IV, 39–43; V, 35–41; VI, 26–34; VII, 17–20; VIII–IX, 22–27 including 11–14 setae on deeply serrated vulval margin; without medioanterior setae on sternites III–VII. Inner posterior seta of last tergum not longer than anal fringe setae with length 0.06–0.08; length of short lateral marginal seta of last tergum, 0.04–0.05. Anal fringe formed by 36–40 setae on both dorsal and ventral side. Dimensions: TW, 0.45–0.49; HL, 0.29–0.32; PW, 0.32–0.33; MW, 0.45–0.51; AW, 0.73–0.74; ANW, 0.29; TL, 1.59–1.74. Male (n = 3). As in Fig. 2B. Length of DHS 10, 0.070 –0.080; DHS 11, 0.100; ratio DHS 10 /11, 0.70–0.80. Gula with 5–7 setae on each side. Metanotum with 7–9 setae on posterior margin. Femur III with 14–18 setae in ventral setal brush. Tergal setae with median gap in each row, and setal numbers as follows: tergite I, 11–12; II, 16; III, 16–17; IV, 17–19; V 17–20; VI 16–18; VII, 14–19; VIII, 10–11. Postspiracular setae very long on II, IV (0.45–0.48); long on VII (0.40); shorter on I, III and VI (0.21–0.26); and short on V (0.11–0.14). Sternal setae: II, 5–6 in each aster, 16–18 marginal setae between asters, 6–8 anterior; III, 23–27; IV, 31–36; V, 39–40; VI, 30–31; VII,20; VIII, 10–11, without medioanterior setae. Genital sac sclerite with a slender subapical projection on each side, a straight or slightly convex posterior margin (not well visible on all males examined), and with a short, dark medioposterior line (Fig. 1D). Dimensions: TW, 0.43–0.45; HL, 0.27–0.29; PW, 0.29–0.31; MW, 0.39–0.41; AW, 0.56–0.58; TL, 1.39–1.48; GW, 0.13; GSL, 0.10–0.11. Differential diagnosis. Its weakly developed hypopharyngeal sclerites place M. fasciata close to M. whitemani Price, Johnson & Dalgleish, 2008a from Campylorhynchus rufinucha (Lesson, 1838) and M. faccioae Valim & Weckstein, 2013 from Cyphorhinus arada (Hermann, 1783). Females of M. fasciata can be separated from those of M. whitemani by their smaller number of setae on tergites VI–VII (together 31–36 vs. 39–42) and sternites IV–V (together 74–84 vs. 99–111), shorter postspiracular seta V (0.13–0.19 vs. 0.35) and smaller temple width (0.45–0.49 vs. 0.51–0.53). Males of M. fasciata can be separated from those of M. whitemani by their larger number of setae on tergite VIII (10–11 vs. 8), smaller number of setae on sternite IV (31–36 vs. 40–42) and smaller temple width (0.43–0.45 vs. 0.46–0.47). Females of M. fasciata can be separated from those of M. faccioae by their tergites III–IV having a slightly convex medioposterior margin (vs. straight in M. faccioae), larger DHS 10/11 ratio (0.70–0.80 vs. 0.42–0.46), smaller number of setae on tergite III–IV (together 33–37 vs. 40–41, including postspiracular setae and short associated setae) and sternite VII (17–20 vs. 29). Males of M. fasciata can be separated from those of M. faccioae by their smaller number of setae on tergite V (17–20 vs. 22–23) and sternite VII (20 vs. 29), as well as by a larger temple width (0.43–0.45 vs. 0.41). A portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene of Myrsidea fasciata was sequenced, indicating that the species is highly differentiated (p-distance exceeding 17.5 % in all cases) from other Neotropical Myrsidea. Etymology. From Latin adjective fasciatus (-a, -um) = banded. The species name is derived from the species name of the type host. Host. Myrsidea fasciata sp. nov. is the first louse species recorded from Campylorhynchus fasciatus., Published as part of Sychra, Oldřich, Kounek, Filip, Papoušek, Ivo, Ćapek, Miroslav, Cárdenas-Callirgos, Jorge Manuel, Franco, Sebastian & Literák, Ivan, 2014, Chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera et Ischnocera) from wrens (Passeriformes: Troglodytidae), with description of a new species of Myrsidea, pp. 1-27 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54 (1) on pages 5-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4503818, {"references":["PRICE R. D., JOHNSON K. P. & DALGLEISH R. C. 2008 a: Myrsidea Waterston (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from wrens (Passeriformes: Troglodytidae), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 1740: 59 - 65.","VALIM M. P. & WECKSTEIN J. D. 2013: A drop in the bucket of the megadiverse chewing louse genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera, Amblycera, Menoponidae): ten new species from Amazonian Brazil. Folia Parasitologica 60: 377 - 400.","SYCHRA O., KOUNEK F., CAPEK M. & LITERAK I. 2011. Myrsidea povedai (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae), a new species of chewing louse from Phainoptila melanoxantha (Passeriformes: Bombycillidae). Journal of Parasitology 97: 593 - 595.","SCOPOLI J. A. 1763: Pediculus. Pp. 381 - 386. In: SCOPOLI J. A.: Entomologia carniolica exhibens insecta carnioliae indigena et distributa in ordines, genera, species, varietates, methodo Linnaeana. Trattner, Wien, xxxiv + 420 pp."]}

Key to the species of Myrsidea parasitic on Neotropical wrens 1. Hypopharyngeal sclerites weakly developed (Fig. 1B)................................................. 2 – Hypopharyngeal sclerites well-developed or only slightly reduced.............................. 4 2. Postspiracular seta VI at least 0.35 long. Female: TW at least 0.51, tergites VI–VII together with at least 39 setae, sternites IV–V together with at least 99 setae. Male: TW at least 0.46, tergite VIII with only 8 setae, sternite IV with at least 40 setae................................................................................ Myrsidea whitemani Price, Johnson & Dalgleish, 2008 – Postspiracular seta VI less than 0.26 long. Female: TW less than 0.49, tergites VI–VII together with less than 36 setae, sternites IV–V together with less than 84 setae. Male: TW less than 0.45, tergite VIII with at least 10 setae, sternite IV with less than 36 setae.......................................................................................................................................... 3 3. Ratio DHS 10/11 less than 0.50, sternite VII with 29 setae. Female: tergites III–IV with straight posterior margin, tergites III–IV together with at least 41 setae. Male: TW 0.41, tergite V with at least 22 setae................. Myrsidea faccioae Valim & Weckstein, 2013 – Ratio DHS 10/11 at least 0.70, sternite VII with less than 20 setae. Female: tergites III–IV with slightly convex medioposterior margin (Fig. 1C), tergites III–IV together with less than 37 setae. Male: TW at least 0.43, tergite V with less than 20 setae............................................................................................ Myrsidea fasciata Sychra & Kounek sp. nov. 4. Tergites VII–VIII together with less than 18 setae; female with tergite I enlarged, medioposteriorly convex.......................... Myrsidea bessae Price, Johnson & Dalgleish, 2008 – Tergites VII–VIII together with at least 25 setae; female tergites different................... 5 5. Male: TW less than 0.40, postspiracular seta VII short, as long as V and VI (less than 0.18). Female with tergites II and III with a pronounced medioposterior convexity............................................................................ Myrsidea myiobori Kounek & Sychra, 2011 – Male: TW 0.43, postspiracular seta VII extremely long, as long as VIII (at least 0.40). Female unknown.................... Myrsidea vincesmithi Price, Johnson & Dalgleish, 2008, Published as part of Sychra, Oldřich, Kounek, Filip, Papoušek, Ivo, Ćapek, Miroslav, Cárdenas-Callirgos, Jorge Manuel, Franco, Sebastian & Literák, Ivan, 2014, Chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera et Ischnocera) from wrens (Passeriformes: Troglodytidae), with description of a new species of Myrsidea, pp. 1-27 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54 (1) on pages 17-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4503818, {"references":["VALIM M. P. & WECKSTEIN J. D. 2013: A drop in the bucket of the megadiverse chewing louse genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera, Amblycera, Menoponidae): ten new species from Amazonian Brazil. Folia Parasitologica 60: 377 - 400.","SYCHRA O., KOUNEK F., CAPEK M. & LITERAK I. 2011. Myrsidea povedai (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae), a new species of chewing louse from Phainoptila melanoxantha (Passeriformes: Bombycillidae). Journal of Parasitology 97: 593 - 595."]}

Myrsidea troglodyti (Denny, 1842) Reports. [1] DENNY (1842: 200); [2] MANILLA & GELSUMINI (1988: 4); [3] PRICE et al. (2008a: 63). Host. Troglodytes troglodytes (Linnaeus, 1758) – Britain [1, 3], Italy [2]. Remarks. As discussed above, this species may not be a valid species and/or T. troglodytes may not be a host for this louse. MANILLA & GELSUMINI (1988) listed M. troglodyti from Italy following a note by SIMONETTA (1882), who had recorded Menopon troglodyti as deposited in the Museo Zoologico della R. Università di Pavia. We were unable to examine these lice, but we regard Simonetta’s note as doubtful until the specimens cited in it are found and examined., Published as part of Sychra, Oldřich, Kounek, Filip, Papoušek, Ivo, Ćapek, Miroslav, Cárdenas-Callirgos, Jorge Manuel, Franco, Sebastian & Literák, Ivan, 2014, Chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera et Ischnocera) from wrens (Passeriformes: Troglodytidae), with description of a new species of Myrsidea, pp. 1-27 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54 (1) on page 24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4503818

Myrsidea whitemani Price, Johnson & Dalgleish, 2008 Report. [1] PRICE et al. (2008a: 60). Host. Campylorhynchus rufinucha (Lesson, 1838) – Costa Rica [1]., Published as part of Sychra, Oldřich, Kounek, Filip, Papoušek, Ivo, Ćapek, Miroslav, Cárdenas-Callirgos, Jorge Manuel, Franco, Sebastian & Literák, Ivan, 2014, Chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera et Ischnocera) from wrens (Passeriformes: Troglodytidae), with description of a new species of Myrsidea, pp. 1-27 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54 (1) on page 24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4503818

Myrsidea myiobori Kounek & Sychra, 2011 (Figs 2 C���D) Myrsidea myiobori Kounek & Sychra, 2011b: 58, Figs 5 ���8. Type host. Myioborus miniatus (Swainson, 1827) ��� Slate-throated redstart Material examined. 1 ♀ 1 3, ���O.Sychra CR225 / Myrsidea myiobori / Kounek & Sychra, 2011 / det. O.Sychra // Troglodytes aedon intermedius / COSTA RICA / Tapanti National Park / Sector Tapanti / 11.viii.2009 / Liter��k & Sychra leg.��� Variability. Our specimens differ slightly from the description of M. myiobori in KOUNEK et al. (2011b) by setal counts and dimensions as follows [setal counts and dimensions in KOUNEK et al. (2011b) are in parentheses: setal counts and dimensions that are fully consistent with this description are not repeated here]: Female (n = 1). As in Fig. 2C. Length of DHS 11, 0.100 ���0.110 (0.110); ratio DHS 10 /11, 0.27���0.30 (0.27). First tibia with 3 (3) outer lateral ventral and 4 (4) dorsal setae (setal counts on legs are not mentioned in the description of M. myiobori, hence we added here the same numbers). Femur III with 14 (15���17) setae in ventral setal brush. Tergal setae counts: I, 9 (10); II, 15 (17); III, 19 (18); IV, 20 (18); V, 21 (19); VI, 18 (19); VII, 18 (15); VIII, 14 (11). Postspiracular setae very long, 0.46���0.48 (0.37���0.43) on II, IV and VIII; long, 0.21���0.23 (0.16) on VII; short, 0.15���0.18 (0.12���0.13) on III, V and VI. Postspiracular setae I are missing. Sternal setae: III, 24 (21); IV, 30 (32); V, 32 (35); VI, 31 (33); VIII���IX, 22 (21) including 13 (12) setae on deeply serrated vulval margin. Inner posterior seta of last tergum not longer than anal fringe setae with length 0.05���0.06 (0.04���0.05). Anal fringe formed by 41 (40) dorsal and 38 (37) ventral setae. Dimensions: TW, 0.44 (0.45); PW, 0.29 (0.28); MW, 0.44 (0.42); AW, 0.60 (0.54); ANW, 0.22 (0.24); TL, 1.50 (1.46). Male (n = 1). As in Fig. 2D. Length of DHS 10, 0.035 (0.030); ratio DHS 10/11, 0.35 (0.30). Metasternal plate with 7 (6) setae; metanotum with 9 (10) setae on posterior margin. Femur III with 12���14 (10���12) setae in ventral setal brush. Tergal setae counts: I, 8 (11); II, 16 (16���17); III, 15 (18); IV, 16 (17���18); V 17 (18); VI 17 (16���17); VII, 12 (14���15); VIII, 11 (11���12). Postspiracular seta I 0.20 long (0.22���0.24). Sternal setae: III, 21 (20); IV, 24 (23���24); V, 30 (27); VI, 28 (22���26); VII, 15 (18); VIII, 8 (7). Genital sac sclerite distorted, but it appears to be of the same type as that of M. myiobori, although the genital sac sclerite of the single paratype male of this species is also distorted (KOUNEK et al. 2011b: Fig. 8) Dimensions: TW, 0.40 (0.39���0.40); AW, 0.44 (0.42���0.43); GW, 0.11 (0.10); GSL, 0.10 (0.07). Bionomics. Although CICCHINO (1980) mentioned Myrsidea sp. from T. aedon from Argentina, this is the first species determination of a Myrsidea from this host. This louse was originally described from Myioborus miniatus (Swainson, 1827) belonging to family Parulidae from Costa Rica (KOUNEK et al. 2011b). Our finding represents interesting case of natural host switching and another record of one species of Myrsidea from two unrelated host families., Published as part of Sychra, Old��ich, Kounek, Filip, Papou��ek, Ivo, ��apek, Miroslav, C��rdenas-Callirgos, Jorge Manuel, Franco, Sebastian & Liter��k, Ivan, 2014, Chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera et Ischnocera) from wrens (Passeriformes: Troglodytidae), with description of a new species of Myrsidea, pp. 1-27 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54 (1) on pages 9-10, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4503818, {"references":["SYCHRA O., KOUNEK F., CAPEK M. & LITERAK I. 2011. Myrsidea povedai (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae), a new species of chewing louse from Phainoptila melanoxantha (Passeriformes: Bombycillidae). Journal of Parasitology 97: 593 - 595.","KOUNEK F., SYCHRA O., CAPEK M. & LITERAK I. 2011 b: Chewing lice of the genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from New World warblers (Passeriformes: Parulidae) from Costa Rica, with description of four new species. Zootaxa 3137: 56 - 63.","CICCHINO A. 1980: Contribucion al conocimiento de los malofagos argentinos y algunos malofagos hallados en Troglodytes aedon bonariae Hellmayr en la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina 39: 5 - 10."]}

Myrsidea carrikeri Eichler, 1943 Myrsidea carrikeri Eichler, 1943: Zool. Anz., 141: 59. Type host: Turdus grayi casius (Bonaparte, 1855) ���Clay-colored Thrush Material studied. One male, ex Turdus grayi, COSTA RICA: Braulio Carrillo National Park, Sector Barva (10 ˚07���N, 84 ˚07���W; 2600 m), 1 August 2010, Literak and Sychra leg. Two females and 3 males. Zona Protectora Las Tablas, La Amistad Lodge (8 �� 54 ���N, 82 �� 47 ���W; 1300 m), 20���21 August 2010, Sychra and Literak leg. Deposited in INBio (O.Sychra CR 190���191) and MMBC (O.Sychra CR 192). Remarks. Our specimens differ from the redescription of M. carrikeri presented by Clay (1966) by setal counts and dimensions as follows [setal counts and dimensions mentioned by Clay (1966) are in parentheses]: Female (n = 7). Tergal setae: II, 19���23 (20���22); III, 28���29 (23���28); IV, 30���31 (25���29); V, 30���32 (26���31); VI, 29���32 (23���29); VII, 21���25 (19���24); VIII, 15���18 (14���16). Postspiracular setae extremely long, 0.55���0.60, on II, IV; very long, 0.42, on VIII; long, 0.25���0.30, on I, III and VII; and short, 0.13���0.20, on V and VI. Sternal setae: III, 35���37 (28); IV, 46���49 (36���42); V, 44���49 (42���48); VI, 36���40 (31���36); VII, 18���19 (16); VIII���IX, 29���31 (24���33) including 10���14 (12���16) setae on vulval margin. Dimensions: HL, 0.33���0.34 (0.34���0.36); PW, 0.32 (0.34���0.35); MW, 0.51���0.53 (0.50���0.51); ANW, 0.28���0.30; TL, 1.66���1.70 (1.79). Male (n = 4). Tergal setae, without median gap in each row: V, 22���26 (23���28); VI, 23���28 (22���25). Postspiracular setae extremely long, 0.45���0.55, on II, IV and VIII; long, 0.32���0.39, on I and VII; and short, 0.11���0.17, on III, V and VI. Sternal setae: II, 15���18 (16) marginal setae, 13���17 (10���12) anterior setae; III, 29���35 (28���31); V, 40���46 (37���39); VI, 37���41 (33���37); VII, 22���24 (19���20); IX, 12���13 (8���11); sternites III���VII without medioanterior setae. Dimensions: HL, 0.28���0.30 (0.30���0.33); PW, 0.28 (0.29���0.31); MW, 0.38���0.40 (0.36���0.38); AW, 0.51���0.53 (0.50); TL, 1.38���1.40 (1.43); GW, 0.11���0.12; GSL, 0.09. Myrsidea cerrodelamuertensis Kounek and Sychra sp. nov. (Figs 3 ���6, 12, 16) Type host: Catharus gracilirostris (Salvin, 1865) ��� Black-billed Nightingale-Thrush Female (n = 3). As in Fig. 12. Hypopharyngeal sclerites weakly developed (Fig. 3). Length of DHS 10, 0.050; DHS 11, 0.100; ratio DHS 10 / 11, 0.50. Gula 4 setae on each side. Metasternal plate with 6 setae; metanotum not enlarged, with 6���7 marginal setae. Femur III with 13���15 setae in ventral setal brush. Tergites not enlarged, with straight posterior margins (Fig. 4). Tergal setae, with median gap in each row: I, 6; II, 12; III, 14���15; IV, 14; V, 13���15; VI, 14; VII, 13; VIII, 11���12. Postspiracular setae very long (0.40) on II, IV and VIII; long (0.30) on VII; and short (0.15���0.18) on I, III and V; VI (0.19���0.21). Sternal setae: II, 4 in each aster, 12���14 marginal setae between asters, 5���6 anterior; III, 14���16; IV, 30���32; V, 37���41; VI, 31���32; VII, 21���24; VIII���IX, 20���24 including 9���10 setae on deeply serrated vulval margin; with medioanterior setae on sternites: IV, 3���6; V, 6; VI, 5���6; VII, 4���5. Sternites not arched (Fig. 4). Anal fringe formed by 29���30 dorsal and 24���27 ventral setae. Dimensions: TW, 0.42���0.43; HL, 0.28���0.29; PW, 0.25���0.26; MW, 0.41���0.43; AW, 0.58���0.60; ANW, 0.21���0.23; TL, 1.48���1.60. Male (n = 3). As in Fig. 16. Length of DHS 10, 0.045���0.050; DHS 11, 0.105; ratio DHS 10 / 11, 0.43���0.48. Metasternal plate with 5���6 and metanotum with 6 marginal setae. Tergal setae with median gap in each row: I, 6; II, 9���10; III, 10���11; IV, 12���13; V, 14���15; VI, 11���12; VII, 13; VIII, 9���11. Sternal setae: 3���4 in each aster, 11 marginal setae between asters, II, 7 anterior; III, 10���14; IV, 26���28; V, 30; VI, 25���32; VII, 16; VIII, 10; with medioanterior setae on sternites: IV, 2���3; V 4���5; VI 3���4; VII 3���4. Genital sac sclerite of characteristic shape (Figs 5���6) and unlike those of other Myrsidea from the Turdidae. Dimensions: TW, 0.38���0.39; HL, 0.26; PW, 0.23���0.24; MW, 0.33���0.34; AW, 0.45���0.48; TL, 1.22���1.24; GW, 0.11���0.12; GSL, 0.10���0.11. Type material. Holotype female and paratype male (O.Sychra CR 193), ex Catharus gracilirostris COSTA RICA: Tapanti National Park, Sector Cerro de la Muerte (9 �� 33 ���N, 83 �� 43 ���W; 3100 m), 13 August 2010, Sychra and Literak leg. Paratypes: 2 females and 2 males (O.Sychra CR 194���195), with the same data as holotype. Deposited in INBio. Remarks. Myrsidea cerrodelamuertensis sp. nov. is the second species of this louse genus recorded from Catharus gracilirostris. It differs greatly from M. rohi ��� described by Ansari (1956) from the same host but at a different location in Costa Rica ��� by its reduced hypopharyngeal sclerites (Fig. 3). This character places M. cerrodelamuertensis sp. nov. close to M. sultanpurensis Ansari, 1951 from Myophonus caeruleus (Scopoli, 1786) from Pakistan and Afghanistan. However, both sexes of M. cerrodelamuertensis sp. can easily be distinguished from that species by: (1) absence of setae on sternite I, (2) presence of anterior setae on sternites IV���VII, and (3) smaller number of setae on metanotum (6���7 vs. 10���14). The male is also well-separated from those of other Myrsidea from the Turdidae by its unique genital sac sclerite (Fig. 5). Etymology. The species epithet derives from the name of the type locality of this new louse species, the mountain Cerro de la Muerte (Death Mountain in Spanish)., Published as part of Kounek, Filip, Sychra, Oldrich, Capek, Miroslav & Literak, Ivan, 2013, Chewing lice of genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from Turdidae (Passeriformes) of Costa Rica, with descriptions of seven new species, pp. 201-222 in Zootaxa 3620 (2) on pages 206-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3620.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/220745

Myrsidea hrabaki Sychra and Kounek sp. nov. (Figs 7 ���8, 13, 17) Type host: Myadestes melanops (Salvin, 1865) ��� Black-faced Solitaire Female (n = 5). As in Fig. 13. This species belongs to the thoracica species group sensu Clay (1966), except for the male genitalia sac sclerite, see below. Length of DHS 10, 0.040���0.045; DHS 11, 0.105���0.115; ratio DHS 10 / 11, 0.35���0.43. Gula 4���5 setae on each side. Metasternal plate with 7 setae; metanotum not enlarged, with 6 marginal setae. Femur III with 19���21 setae in ventral setal brush. Abdomen with tergites not enlarged. Tergite I with straight posterior margin, II���III with slight medioposterior convexity (Fig. 7). Tergal setae, with median gap in each row: I, 13���15; II, 15���17; III, 15���17; IV, 14���17; V, 17; VI, 16���18; VII, 10���14; VIII, 8���10. Postspiracular setae extremely long (0.51���0.53) on II, IV and VIII; very long (0.35���0.38) on I and VII; long (0.28) on III; and somewhat shorter (0.18���0.21) on V, VI. Sternal setae: II, 4 in each aster, 12���14 marginal setae between asters, 4���6 anterior; III, 23���27; IV, 36��� 39; V, 40���44; VI, 33���35; VII, 13���18; VIII���IX, 21 including 9���11 setae on deeply serrated vulval margin; without medioanterior setae on sternites III���VII. Sternites not arched (Fig. 7). Anal fringe formed by 26���32 dorsal and 31���33 ventral setae. Dimensions: TW, 0.48���0.49; HL, 0.30���0.31; PW, 0.29���0.30; MW, 0.40���0.45; AW, 0.56���0.59; ANW, 0.20���0.22; TL, 1.42���1.49. Male (n = 5). As in Fig. 17. Length of DHS 10, 0.035���0.040; DHS 11, 0.090���0.105; ratio DHS 10 / 11, 0.38���0.39. Gula 4 setae on each side. Metasternal plate with 6 setae; metanotal marginal setae 6. Tergal setae with median gap in each row: I, 14���15; II, 15; III, 14���16; IV, 16; V, 16; VI, 13���14; VII, 10���11; VIII, 8���9. Postspiracular setae extremely long (0.45���0.50) on II, IV and VIII; long (0.30) on I and VII; and short (0.13���0.18) on III, V, VI. Sternal setae: II, 12���14 marginal setae between asters, 4���5 anterior; III, 23���24; IV, 36���37; V, 39���42; VI, 31���32; VII, 16���18; VIII, 5���6. Genital sac sclerite as in Fig. 8. Dimensions: TW, 0.43���0.44; HL, 0.27; PW, 0.26���0.27; MW, 0.36���0.37; AW, 0.47; TL, 1.26; GW, 0.11���0.13; GSL, 0.08���0.09. Type material. Holotype female and 2 paratype males (O.Sychra CR 196), ex Myadestes melanops, COSTA RICA: Tapanti National Park, Sector Tapanti (09�� 46 ���N, 83 �� 47 ���W; 1200 m), 7 August 2009, Literak and Sychra leg. Paratypes: 3 females and 1 male (O.Sychra CR 197���198) with the same data as holotype; 3 females and 2 male (O.Sychra CR 199���200), ex Myadestes melanops, COSTA RICA: Braulio Carrillo National Park, Sector Barva (10 ˚07���N, 84 ˚07���W; 2600 m), 2���8 August 2010, Sychra and Literak leg. Deposited in INBio. Remarks. This is the first record of a chewing louse from Myadestes melanops. The female of M. hrabaki sp. nov. is characterized by the following: (1) Tergite I with straight posterior margin, (2) tergites II���III with slight medioposterior convexity (Fig. 7), (3) metanotum with only 6 setae, and (4) sternites III���VII not arched and without anterior setae (Fig. 7). Although the male features of M. hrabaki sp. nov. agreee with the thoracica species group sensu Clay (1966), it differs by its genital sac sclerite (Fig. 8), which is of the same type as that of M. ishizawai Uchida, 1926 from Zoothera dauma (Latham, 1790) from Japan. Nevertheless, characters of M. hrabaki agreeing with the thoracica species group���i.e. (1) number of outer dorsolateral setae of first tibia under 10, and (2) post-spiracular seta III markedly shorter than II���distinguish the male of M. hrabaki sp. nov. from that of M. ishizawai. Etymology. This species is named in memoriam of Professor Rudolf Hrabak, our colleague and friend, in recognition of his friendship and unmatched enthusiasm in the study of biology and entomology. Myrsidea obsoleti Sychra and Kounek sp. nov. (Figs 9 ���10, 14, 18) Type host: Turdus obsoletus (Lawrence, 1862) ���Pale-vented Thrush Female (n = 3). As in Fig. 14. This species belongs to the carrikeri species group sensu Clay (1966). Very pale species, almost without pigmentation (Fig. 14). Length of DHS 10, 0.060���0.065; DHS 11, 0.105���0.125; ratio DHS 10 / 11, 0.48���0.62. Gula 5���7 setae on each side. Metasternal plate with 10���12 setae; metanotum not enlarged, with 13���15 marginal setae. Femur III with 26���32 setae in ventral setal brush. Tergite I enlarged with conspicuously convex posterior margin. Tergites II���III compressed by enlarged tergite I, and with convex posterior margin as in Fig. 9. Tergal setae with median gap in each row: I, 10���13; II, 12���15; III, 15; IV, 15���17; V, 18���21; VI, 18���21; VII, 16; VIII 12. Postspiracular setae extremely long (0.45���0.55) on II, IV, VII and VIII; long (0.23���0.25) on I and III; and short (0.11���0.14) on V and VI. Sternal setae: II, 4 in each aster, 13���18 marginal setae between asters, 19���22 anterior; III, 25���35; IV, 37���45; V, 37���45; VI, 32���37; VII, 16���18; VIII���IX, 29���32 including 15���17 setae on deeply serrated vulval margin; without medioanterior setae on sternites III���VII. Sternite VI slightly arched (Fig. 9). Genital chamber without conspicuous comb-like projections of the inner surface (Fig. 23 vs. fig. 24 in Clay 1966). Anal fringe formed by 30���34 dorsal and 38���42 ventral setae. Dimensions: TW, 0.55���0.56; HL, 0.34; PW, 0.34���0.35; MW, 0.52���0.55; AW, 0.67���0.69; ANW, 0.25���0.26; TL, 1.68���1.74. Male (n = 2). As in Fig. 18. Length of DHS 10, 0.060; DHS 11, 0.110; ratio DHS 10 / 11, 0.55. Gula with 5���6 setae on each side. Metasternal plate with 8���9 setae, metanotum with 13 marginal setae. Tergal setae: I, 13���14; II, 16; III, 17���19; IV, 19���21; V, 17���19; VI, 18; VII, 15���17; VIII, 10���11. Postspiracular setae extremely long (0.55) on IV; very long (0.32) on I; and short (0.11���0.17) on III, V and VI (none on II, VII and VIII). Sternal setae: II, 4 in each aster, 14���16 marginal setae between asters, 14 anterior; III, 34; IV, 43; V, 42���44; VI, 40���41; VII, 23���25; VIII, 8���17; without medioanterior setae on sternites III���VII. Genital sac sclerite long and narrow with small subapical projection on each side and with long darker medioposterior line (Fig. 10). Dimensions: TW, 0.49; HL, 0.36; PW, 0.30���0.31; MW, 0.41���0.43; AW, 0.51���0.53; TL, 1.45���1.47; GW, 0.12���0.13; GSL, 0.10. Type material. Holotype female and paratype male (O.Sychra CR 202), ex Turdus obsoletus, COSTA RICA: Hitoy Cerere BR, Provincia Lim��n (9 ˚ 40 ���N, 85 ˚05���W), 22 August 2004, Literak leg. Paratypes: 2 females and 1 male (O.Sychra CR 203) with the same data as holotype. Deposited in INBio. Remarks. Myrsidea obsoleti sp. nov is the second species of Myrsidea from Turdus obsoletus. Nevertheless, characters of M. obsoleti agreeing with the carrikeri species group sensu Clay (1966) ��� i.e. (1) pronotum with 8 posterior setae, and (2) tergite I of female with median anterior emargination ��� distinguish M. obsoleti sp. nov. from M. regius described by Ansari (1956) from the same host at a different location in Costa Rica and belonged to the thoracica species group, i.e. it has (1) pronotum with 6 posterior setae, and (2) tergite I of female without median anterior emargination. The female of M. obsoleti sp. nov. is characterized by the following: (1) genital chamber without conspicuous comb-like projections of the inner surface (see fig. 24 in Clay 1966), (2) tergites II���III compressed by enlarged tergite I with convex posterior margins, (3) smaller number of tergal setae, and (4) sternite VI slightly arched. These characters place M. obsoleti sp. nov. very close to M. aitkeni Clay, 1966 from Turdus nudigenis nudigenis (Lafresnaye, 1848) from Trinidad. However, the female of M. obsoleti sp. nov. can be distinguished from that of M. aitkeni by having median gaps in the rows of tergal setae, larger number of anterior setae on sternite II (19���22 vs. 9���12) and on sternite VII (16���18 vs. 10���13). Except for presence of median gaps in the rows of tergal setae, the male of M. obsoleti sp. nov. appears to be indistinguishable from that of M. aitkeni. Etymology. The species name is a noun in apposition derived from the specific name of the type host. Myrsidea quinchoi Kounek and Sychra sp. nov. (Figs 19 ���20, 27, 31) Type host: Catharus frantzii (Cabanis, 1861) ���Ruddy-capped Nightingale-Thrush Female (n = 1). As in Fig. 27. This species belongs to the thoracica species group sensu Clay (1966). Length of DHS 10, 0.050; DHS 11, 0.100; ratio DHS 10 / 11, 0.50. Gula 5 setae on each side. Metasternal plate with 6 setae; metanotum not enlarged, with 11 marginal setae. Femur III with 15 setae in ventral setal brush. Tergites not enlarged. Tergites I���IV with medioposterior convexity as in Fig. 19. Tergal setae, with median gap in each row: I, 14; II, 19; III, 17; IV, 16; V, 16; VI, 12; VII, 12; VIII, 8. Postspiracular setae extremely long (0.45���0.48) on II, IV and VIII; long (0.25���0.30) on I and VII, and short (0.14���0.16) on III, V and VI. Sternal setae: II, 4 in each aster, 16 marginal setae between asters, 8 anterior; III, 29; IV, 35; V, 36; VI, 31; VII, 18; VIII���IX, 26 including 14 setae on serrated vulval margin (the number of setae on sternites VIII���IX is approximate, because they are clearly seen on one side only); without medioanterior setae on sternites III���VII. Sternite VI slightly arched (Fig. 19). Anal fringe formed by 30 dorsal as well as 30 ventral setae. Dimensions: TW, 0.45; HL, 0.30; PW, 0.28; MW, 0.45; AW, 0.57; ANW, 0.22; TL, 1.50. Male (n = 1). As in Fig. 31. Length of DHS 10, 0.045; DHS 11, 0.090; ratio DHS 10 / 11, 0.50. Gula with 5 setae on each side. Metasternal plate with 6 setae, metanotum with 10 marginal setae. Tergal setae, with median gap in each row: I, 11; II, 13; III, 14; IV, 16; V, 14; VI, 14; VII, 12; VIII, 8. Postspiracular setae extremely long (0.45���0.47) on II, IV and VIII; long (0.23���0.30) on I, III and VII; and short (0.14���0.16) on V and VI. Sternal setae: II, 3���4 in each aster, 14 marginal setae between asters, 7 anterior; III, 24; IV, 30; V, 28; VI, 26; VII, 16; VIII, 8; without medioanterior setae. Genital sac sclerite distorted with narrow lateral arms on each side and rounded posteriorly with darker medioposterior line (Fig. 20). Dimensions: TW, 0.40; HL, 0.29; PW, 0.26; MW, 0.37; AW, 0.45; TL, 1.27; GW, 0.11; GSL, at least 0.07 (distorted). Type material: Holotype female and paratype male (O.Sychra CR 201) ex Catharus frantzii, COSTA RICA: Tapanti National Park, Sector Tapanti (09�� 46 ���N, 83 �� 47 ���W; 1200 m), 11 August 2009, Literak and Sychra leg. Deposited in INBio. Remarks. This is the first record of chewing lice from Catharus frantzii. The female of M. quinchoi sp. nov. is easily distinguished from those of other Myrsidea from the Turdidae by the unique shape of tergites I���IV (Fig. 19) in combination with the following characters: (1) absence of anterior setae on sternites III���VII, (2) smaller number of tergal setae, and (3) smaller dimensions. The male of M. quinchoi sp. nov. is well characterized by the following features: (1) genital sac sclerite, (2) tergal chaetotaxy (especially on tergite VII with more than 10 setae), and (3) sternites III���VII without anterior setae. These characters place M. quinchoi sp. nov. close to six species from thrushes of the genus Turdus (M. abidae Ansari, 1956, M. assimilis sp. nov., M. indigenella Ansari, 1956, M. keniensis Clay, 1966, M. tapetapersi sp. nov. and M. regius Ansari, 1956). However, the male of M. quinchoi sp. nov. can be distinguished from those of the aforementioned species by its smaller number of setae on tergites V+VI (28 vs. more than 31) and sternites V+VI (54 vs. more than 59), and smaller dimensions, especially TW (0.40 vs. more than 0.43). Etymology. In recognition of his friendship, this species is named in honor of Joaquin Cortes Carrera (���Ingeniero en sistemas informatices��� from Jimenez de Pococi, Costa Rica), who is also known by his nickname Quincho., Published as part of Kounek, Filip, Sychra, Oldrich, Capek, Miroslav & Literak, Ivan, 2013, Chewing lice of genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from Turdidae (Passeriformes) of Costa Rica, with descriptions of seven new species, pp. 201-222 in Zootaxa 3620 (2) on pages 207-212, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3620.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/220745

Myrsidea assimilis Kounek and Sychra sp. nov. (Figs 1 ���2, 11, 15) Type host: Turdus assimilis (Cabanis, 1850) ���White-throated Thrush Female (n = 3). As in Fig. 11. This species belongs to the thoracica species group sensu Clay (1966). Length of dorsal head seta (DHS) 10, 0.060; DHS 11, 0.100��� 0.110; ratio DHS 10 / 11, 0.55���0.60. Gula 4���5 setae on each side. Metasternal plate with 6���7 setae; metanotum not enlarged, with 11���12 marginal setae. Femur III with 21���25 setae in ventral setal brush. Abdomen with tergite I enlarged, with concave lateral margins and a conspicuously convex posterior margin, with medial portion shaped as a distal narrow process (Fig. 1); tergite II with concave lateral margins and a conspicuously convex posterior margin (Fig. 1); a wide median gap in each of the tergal setae rows on segments II���VIII. Tergal setae: I, 8���10; II, 13���15; III, 15���16; IV, 18���21; V, 19���23; VI, 17���21; VII, 12���15; VIII, 8���9. Postspiracular setae extremely long (0.53���0.60) on II, IV and VIII; very long (0.40���0.45) on VII; long (0.30) on I; and short (0.14���0.20) on III; V, VI. Sternal setae: II, 3���4 in each aster, 17���18 marginal setae between asters, 9 anterior; III, 23; IV, 35���37; V, 35���38; VI, 30���32; VII, 10; VIII���IX, 22���25 including 12���14 setae on deeply serrated vulval margin; without medioanterior setae on sternites III���VII. Sternite VI slightly arched (Fig. 1). Anal fringe formed by 36���38 dorsal and 36���39 ventral setae. Dimensions: TW, 0.50���0.51; HL, 0.30���0.31; PW, 0.28���0.31; MW, 0.45���0.49; AW, 0.56���0.60; ANW, 0.23���0.24; TL, 1.50���1.56. Male (n = 4). As in Fig. 15. Length of DHS 10, 0.060; DHS 11, 0.100��� 0.110; ratio DHS 10 / 11, 0.55���0.60. Metasternal plate with 6 setae; metanotum with 10���12 marginal setae. Tergal setae with median gap on III���VIII tergite. Tergal setae: I, 11���12; II, 16���17; III, 17���20; IV, 19���21; V, 16���22; VI, 16���17; VII, 14���16; VIII, 8���9. Postspiracular setae extremely long (0.50���0.52) on II, IV and VIII; long (0.24���0.43) on I and VII; and short (0.13���0.18) on III, V and VI (one male with 0.23 long seta on one side of tergite VI). Sternal setae: II, 3���4 in each aster, 15���18 marginal setae between asters, 7���8 anterior; III, 22���23; IV, 35���40; V, 33���38; VI, 28���32; VII, 15���17; VIII, 7; without medioanterior setae on sternites III���VII. Genital sac sclerite swollen distally, with a subapical projection on each side, and a long darker medioposterior line (Fig. 2). Dimensions: TW, 0.44���0.46; HL, 0.29; PW, 0.28; MW, 0.38���0.39; AW, 0.47���0.48; TL, 1.26���1.33; GW, 0.11; GSL, 0.09���0.11. Type material. Female holotype and paratype male (O.Sychra CR 186) ex Turdus assimilis, COSTA RICA: Zona Protectora Las Tablas, La Amistad Lodge (8 �� 54 ���N, 82 �� 47 ���W; 1300 m), 21 August 2010, Sychra and Literak leg. Paratypes: 1 female and 1 male (O.Sychra CR 187) with the same data as holotype, both deposited in INBio (O.Sychra CR 186���187) and 1 female and 2 males with the same data as holotype, deposited in MMBC (O.Sychra CR 188���189). Remarks. Although Lindell et al. (2002) mentioned Myrsidea sp. from T. assimilis, this is the first species determination of a Myrsidea from this host. The female of M. assimilis sp. nov. is characterized by (1) the shape of tergites I���II (Fig. 1), (2) a wide median gap in rows of tergal setae on II���VIII (Fig. 1), and (3) a TW of at least 0.50. These characters place M. assimilis sp. nov. close to M. varia Ansari, 1956 (ex Turdus ignobilis debilis Hellmayr, 1902 from Peru), and M. abidae Ansari, 1956 (ex T. fumigatus aquilonalis (Cherrie, 1909) from Venezuela and the Republic of Guyana). However, the female of M. assimilis sp. nov. can easily be separated from that of M. varia by its smaller number of setae on tergite I (8���10 vs. 15) and larger number of setae on tergites IV���VII (in total 66���80 vs. 57), and from that of M. abidae by its smaller number of setae on sternites III���V (in total 93���98 vs. 109���120) and smaller dimensions, especially TW (0.50���0.51 vs. 0.54). The male of M. assimilis sp. nov. differs from that of M. varia by its genital sac sclerite (compare Fig. 2 with fig. 73 in Clay 1966). Also, it is well characterized by the following additional features: (1) tergal chaetotaxy, and (2) sternites III���VII without anterior setae. These characters place the male of M. assimilis sp. nov. close to M. indigenella Ansari, 1956 (ex Turdus maranonicus Taczanowski, 1880 from Peru) and to M. abidae Ansari, 1956. However, the male of M. assimilis sp. nov. can be distinguished from that of M. abidae by its smaller number of setae on tergite VI (14���16 vs. 18���22) and sternite III (22���23 vs. 25���28) and from that of M. indigenella by its smaller number of setae on tergite I (11���12 vs. 14) and sternite VIII (7 vs. 10), and by larger number of setae on tergite IV (19���21 vs. 17) and tergite VII (14���16 vs. 13). Etymology. The species name is a noun in apposition derived from the specific name of the type host., Published as part of Kounek, Filip, Sychra, Oldrich, Capek, Miroslav & Literak, Ivan, 2013, Chewing lice of genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from Turdidae (Passeriformes) of Costa Rica, with descriptions of seven new species, pp. 201-222 in Zootaxa 3620 (2) on pages 204-205, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3620.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/220745

Myrsidea rohi Ansari, 1956 Myrsidea rohi Ansari, 1956: Pak. J. Health, 5: 170, Figs 6 a���f. Type host: Catharus gracilirostris (Salvin, 1865) ��� Black-billed Nightingale-Thrush Material studied. Two females and 2 males (O.Sychra CR 204���205), ex Catharus gracilirostris COSTA RICA: Braulio Carrillo National Park, Sector Barva (10 ˚07���N, 84 ˚07���W; 2600 m), 31 July��� 7 August 2010, Sychra and Literak leg.; 5 females and 5 males (O.Sychra CR 206���210), ex Catharus gracilirostris COSTA RICA: Tapanti National Park, Sector Cerro de la Muerte (9 �� 33 ���N, 83 �� 43 ���W; 3100 m), 1���13 August 2010, Sychra and Literak leg. Deposited in INBio. Remarks. Our specimens differ from the redescription of M. rohi presented by Clay (1966) by setal counts and dimensions. Furthermore, our specimens from Cerro de la Muerte (Tapanti NP) differ from those from Barva (Braulio Carrillo NP) as well as from those redescribed by Clay (1966) in the number of tergal setae and shape of tergites of the female. According to our knowledge of intraspecific variation in Myrsidea species (Clay, 1966), these differences could be used to separate these two populations into subspecies (see Palma & Price 2010), or even into species. However our preliminary results from molecular analyses of partial sequences of the mitochondrial COI gene do not support genetic distinctiveness of these two samples. Until final results of molecular analyses become available we suggest to consider the Myrsidea population from the Catharus gracilirostris of Cerro de la Muerte as conspecific with M. rohi. Descriptions of samples from separate localities. [setal counts and dimensions mentioned by Clay (1966) are in parentheses]. Braulio Carrillo NP, Sector Barva Female (n = 2). As in Fig. 37. Length of DHS 10, 0.040���0.050; DHS 11, 0.090���0.095; ratio DHS 10 / 11, 0.42���0.56. Metanotum with 17���21 (16���19) marginal setae. Tergal setae: II, 19���24 (19���22); III, 17���22 (17���19); IV, 17���20 (15���18); V, 17���20 (15���16); VI, 18���19 (13���17). Total setal number on tergites I���VII, 114���138 (105���125). Postspiracular setae very long, 0.40, on II, IV and VIII; long, 0.29, on I; short, 0.14���0.18, on III, V and VI, and very short, 0.08���0.09, on VII. Sternal setae: 4���5 (4) in each aster, II, 17���21 (15���16) marginal setae between asters, 11 (6���7) anterior; III, 21���25 (16���24); IV, 27���30 (21���24); V, 29���34 (21���27); VI, 24���27 (18���22); VII, 20 (15���17); VIII���IX, 21���23 (22���25) including 11���12 setae on deeply serrated vulval margin; without medioanterior setae on sternites III���VII. Dimensions: HL, 0.25 (0.27); MW, 0.39���0.41 (0.37); AW, 0.53 (0.50); ANW, 0.18���0.19; TL, 1.33 (1.27). Male (n = 2). Tergal setae: II, 16 (11���14); III, 16 (13���14); IV, 15 (13���14); VII, 9 (8). Sternal setae: 4���5 (4) in each aster, 16 (10���12) marginal setae between asters, II, 10 (5���7) anterior; III, 20 (12���17); IV, 26 (16���23); V, 28 (19���23); VI, 25 (17���22); VII, 19 (14���15); sternites III���VII without medioanterior setae. Dimensions: HL, 0.23 (0.25���0.26); PW, 0.22 (0.23); MW, 0.29 (0.32); TL, 1.09 (1.12); GW, 0.09; GSL, 0.07���0.08. Tapanti NP, Sector Cerro de la Muerte Female (n = 5). As in Fig. 35. Length of DHS 10, 0.055���0.065; DHS 11, 0.105���0.120; ratio DHS 10 / 11, 0.46���0.62. Metasternal plate with 7���9 setae, metanotum with 19���21 (16���19) marginal setae. Femur III with 14���16 (11���12) setae in ventral setal brush. Tergite I enlarged with convex posterior margin, but not tapering. Tergites II���V compressed by tergite I, but not too narrow (Fig. 21 vs. Fig. 38 in Clay 1966, and Fig. 36 vs. Fig. 38). Tergal setae, I, 24���27 (14���21); II, 23���26 (19���22); III, 24���26 (17���19); IV, 21���23 (15���18); V, 21���24 (15���16); VI, 19���22 (13���17); VII, 11���17 (12); VIII, 8���9 (8). Total setal number on tergites I���VII, 143���165 (105���125 or 105���138 if specimens from Braulio Carrillo are included). Postspiracular setae extremely long, 0.40���0.43, on II, IV; very long, 0.35���0.37, on VIII; long, 0.25���0.27, on I; short, 0.14���0.16, on III, V and VI, and very short, 0.08���0.10, on VII. Sternal setae: II, 4���5 (4) in each aster, 16���23 (15���16) marginal setae between asters, 9���13 (6���7) anterior; III, 24���28 (16���24); IV, 30���37 (21���24); V, 27���37 (21���27); VI, 27���32 (18���22); VII, 17���22 (15���17); VIII���IX, 24���27 (22���25) including 14���15 (11���14) setae on deeply serrated vulval margin; without medioanterior setae on sternites III���VII. Sternite VI slightly arched (Fig 21). Anal fringe formed by 28���34 dorsal and 25���35 ventral setae. Dimensions: TW, 0.39���0.41 (0.39); HL, 0.26���0.28 (0.27); MW, 0.39���0.42 (0.37); AW, 0.49���0.58 (0.50); ANW, 0.19���0.21; TL, 1.29���1.40 (1.27). Male (n = 5). Length of DHS 10, 0.055���0.060; DHS 11, 0.095 ���0.100; ratio DHS 10 / 11, 0.55���0.63. Metasternal plate with 6 setae, metanotum with 12���14 (10���12) marginal setae. Tergal setae: I, 14���17 (9���12); II, 15���16 (11���14); III, 15 (13���14); IV, 14���16 (13���14); V, 15���16 (11���13); VI, 13���14 (11���12); VII, 8���10 (8). Postspiracular setae: extremely long (0.38���0.40) on II, IV and VIII; long (0.19���0.21) I and VII; and short (0.10���0.12) on III, V and VI. Sternal setae: II, 3���4 (4���5) in each aster, 14���16 (10���12) marginal setae between asters, 7���9 (5���7) anterior; III, 17���20 (12���17); IV, 24���25 (16���23); V, 23���30 (19���23); VI, 21���26 (17���22); VII, 15���17 (14���15); without medioanterior setae on sternites III���VII. Genital sac sclerite with a relatively large subapical projection on each side and a slightly concave posterior margin, with short darker medioposterior line (Fig. 22). Dimensions: TW, 0.35���0.37 (0.36); HL, 0.25 (0.26); PW, 0.21���0.23 (0.23); MW, 0.30���0.34 (0.32); AW, 0.40���0.42 (0.39); TL, 1.09���1.12 (1.12); GW, 0.09���0.10; GSL, 0.08., Published as part of Kounek, Filip, Sychra, Oldrich, Capek, Miroslav & Literak, Ivan, 2013, Chewing lice of genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from Turdidae (Passeriformes) of Costa Rica, with descriptions of seven new species, pp. 201-222 in Zootaxa 3620 (2) on pages 213-214, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3620.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/220745

Myrsidea simplex Ansari, 1956 Myrsidea simplex Ansari, 1956: Pak. J. Health, 5: 168, Fig. 5. Type host: Catharus fuscater mentalis Sclater & Salvin, 1876 ���Slaty-backed Nightingale-Thrush Material studied. Two females, 3 males, ex Catharus fuscater, COSTA RICA: Tapanti National Park, Sector Tapanti (09�� 46 ���N, 83 �� 47 ���W; 1200 m), 2���10 August 2009, Literak and Sychra leg. Deposited in INBio (O.Sychra CR 211���212) and MMBC (O.Sychra CR 213); 2 females and 2 males, ex Catharus aurantiirostris, COSTA RICA: Braulio Carrillo National Park, Sector Barva (10 ˚07���N, 84 ˚07���W; 2600 m), 2 August 2010, Sychra and Literak leg. Deposited in INBio (O.Sychra CR 214���215); 1 male and 1 female ex Catharus aurantiirostris, COSTA RICA: Zona Protectora Las Tablas, La Amistad Lodge (8 �� 54 ���N, 82 �� 47 ���W; 1300 m), 21 August 2010, Sychra and Literak leg. Deposited in MMBC (O.Sychra CR 216); 2 females, ex Catharus mexicanus, COSTA RICA: Rincon de la Vieja National Park, Sector Santa Maria, Sendero del Padre (10 �� 46 ���N, 85 �� 18 ���W; 800 m), 24 August 2009, Literak and Sychra leg. Deposited in INBio (O.Sychra CR 217). Remarks. This is the first record of chewing lice from Catharus aurantiirostris and the second species of Myrsidea from Catharus mexicanus. Our specimens differ from the redescription of M. simplex presented by Clay (1966) by setal counts and dimensions as follows [setal counts and dimensions mentioned by Clay (1966) are in parentheses]: Female (n = 7). Length of DHS 10, 0.040���0.045; DHS 11, 0.100��� 0.110; ratio DHS 10 / 11, 0.36���0.45 (0.38���0.42). Metasternal plate with 6���7 setae. Postspiracular setae extremely long, 0.45���0.48, on II, IV and VIII; long, 0.30, on I, and short, 0.11���0.20, on III, V, VI and VII. Sternites III���VII without medioanterior setae. Anal fringe formed by 35���39 dorsal and 34���37 ventral setae. Male (n = 6). Length of DHS 10, 0.040���0.045; DHS 11, 0.090 ���0.100; ratio DHS 10 / 11, 0.40���0.50. Metasternal plate with 5���7 setae. With median gap in each tergal setal row. Postspiracular setae as for female. Sternites III���VII without medioanterior setae. Comparisons of females from each host species: ex Catharus fuscater (Lafresnaye, 1845) ���Slaty-backed Nightingale-Thrush (n = 2) As in Fig. 30. Metanotum with 12���14 (16���18) marginal setae. Tergal setae: VII, 9���12 (8���11). Sternal setae: II, 7���8 (5) anterior; III, 25���28 (13���15); IV, 35���37 (24���30); V, 33���35 (22���29); VI, 30���31 (20���27); VII, 25 (8���12); VIII���IX, 27���29 (23���27) including 15���16 (12���15) setae on vulval margin. Dimensions: TW, 0.47���0.48 (0.45���0.47); PW, 0.28���0.29 (0.26���0.28); MW, 0.48���0.49 (0.42); AW, 0.54���0.59 (0.53); ANW, 0.22���0.23; TL, 1.47���1.49 (1.50). ex Catharus aurantiirostris (Hartlaub, 1850) ��� Orange-billed Nightingale-Thrush (n = 3) Metanotum with 14���15 (16���18) marginal setae. Tergal setae: III, 19���22 (22���24); IV, 21���23 (23���27); V, 19���20 (22���27); VII, 10���12 (8���11). Sternal setae: II, 10 (5) anterior; III, 19���20 (13���15); V, 27���31 (22���29); VII, 18���20 (8���12); VIII���IX, 22���24 (23���27) including 12���14 setae on deeply serrated vulval margin. Dimensions: TW, 0.43���0.44 (0.45���0.47); HL, 0.27���0.29 (0.29���0.30); PW, 0.25 (0.26���0.28); MW, 0.42���0.43 (0.42); AW, 0.50���0.53 (0.53); ANW, 0.21���0.22; TL, 1.37���1.41 (1.50). ex Catharus mexicanus (Bonaparte, 1856) ���Black-headed Nightingale-Thrush (n = 2) Tergal setae: III, 18���20 (22���24); IV, 20���22 (23���27); V, 19 (22���27). Sternal setae: II, 19���20 (14���16) marginal setae between asters, 9���11 (5) anterior; III, 21���22 (13���15); IV, 30���33 (24���30); V, 29���33 (22���29); VII, 16���18 (8���12). Dimensions: TW, 0.44���0.45 (0.45���0.47); PW, 0.27���0.29 (0.26���0.28); MW, 0.43���0.44 (0.42); AW, 0.51���0.52 (0.53); ANW, 0.20���0.21; TL, 1.37���1.38 (1.50). Comparisons of males from each host species: ex Catharus fuscater (n = 3) As in Fig. 34. Metanotum with 11 (12) marginal setae. Tergal setae: I, 10���11 (10); II, 12���13 (15); III, 14���15 (17���18); IV, 15���16 (14); V, 13 (15); VI, 14 (11); VII, 8 (9). Sternal setae: II, 14 (15) marginal setae between asters, 7 (9) anterior; III, 22 (17); IV, 29���30 (27); V, 29���33 (26); VI, 27���28 (25); VII, 17���22 (15); VIII, 8���11 (8). Dimensions: TW, 0.40���0.43 (0.42); HL, 0.28���0.29 (0.27); PW, 0.26���0.27 (0.25); MW, 0.36���0.37 (0.32); AW, 0.44���0.45 (0.42); TL, 1.21���1.26 (1.22); GW, 0.10���0.11; GSL, 0.08. ex Catharus aurantiirostris (n = 3) Metanotum with 8���10 (12) setae on posterior margin. Tergal setae: I, 12 (10); II, 14���15 (15); III, 15���17 (17���18); IV, 13���15 (14); V 13���14 (15); VI 11���13 (11); VII, 8���9 (9); VIII, 6 (8). Sternal setae: II, 14���15 (15) marginal setae between asters, 6���8 (9) anterior; III, 15���19 (17); IV, 23���31 (27); V, 26���27 (26); VI, 25���26 (25); VII, 16���19 (15). Dimensions: TW, 0.38���0.39 (0.42); HL, 0.26���0.27 (0.27); PW, 0.24���0.25 (0.25); MW, 0.31���0.33 (0.32); AW, 0.40���0.41 (0.42); TL, 1.12���1.17 (1.22); GW, 0.10; GSL, 0.08. Myrsidea tapanti Sychra and Kounek sp. nov. (Figs 23 ���24, 28, 32) Type host: Catharus fuscater (Lafresnaye, 1845) ��� Slaty-backed Nightingale-Thrush Female (n = 4). As in Fig. 28. This species belongs to the thoracica species group sensu Clay (1966). Length of DHS 10, 0.035; DHS 11, 0.105���0.110; ratio DHS 10 / 11, 0.32���0.33. Gula 4���5 setae on each side. Metasternal plate with 6 setae, metanotum enlarged, with 18���23 marginal setae. Femur III with 14���17 setae in ventral setal brush. Abdomen with tergite I enlarged. Tergites I���IV with medioposterior convexity (Fig. 23); wide median gap in the rows of tergal setae presented on IV���VIII. Tergal setae: I, 25; II, 29���31; III, 31���33; IV, 31���33; V, 26���29; VI, 20; VII, 12; VIII, 8. Postspiracular setae extremely long (0.42���0.49) on II, IV and VIII; long (0.25���0.30) on I, III and VII; short (0.15) on V, and very short (0.08���0.10) on VI. Sternal setae: II, 4���5 in each aster, 19���20 marginal setae between asters, 4���5 anterior; III, 18���22; IV, 36; V, 33���35; VI, 27���31; VII, 25; VIII���IX, 26���28 including 14���16 setae on deeply serrated vulval margin; without medioanterior setae on sternites III���VII. Sternites V���VI strongly arched (Fig. 23). Anal fringe formed by 35���40 dorsal and 33���35 ventral setae. Dimensions: TW, 0.46���0.50; HL, 0.29; PW, 0.28���0.29; MW, 0.49���0.51; AW, 0.59���0.60; ANW, 0.21; TL, 1.47���1.49. Male (n = 4). As in Fig. 32. Length of DHS 10, 0.030���0.035; DHS 11, 0.100��� 0.105; ratio DHS 10 / 11, 0.29���0.35. Gula with 5 setae on each side. Metasternal plate with 6���7 setae. Metanotum with 14���15 marginal setae. Tergal setae: I, 16���17; II, 20; III, 19���21; IV, 17���19; V, 17; VI, 13���15; VII, 10; VIII, 8. Postspiracular setae: extremely long (0.45) on II and IV; long (0.19���0.25) on I and VII; and somewhat shorter (0.10���0.12) on V. Sternal setae: II, 4 in each aster, 16 marginal setae between asters, 7���11 anterior; III, 21���26; IV, 31���39; V, 32���37; VI, 30���31; VII, 23���24; VIII, 9���13; with medioanterior setae on sternites III, 1; IV, 2; V, 1; VI, 2. Genital sac sclerite short, with a relatively large subapical projection on each side, a concave posterior margin, and without medioposterior line (Fig. 24). Dimensions: TW, 0.40���0.42; HL, 0.24���0.26; PW, 0.26; MW, 0.36; AW, 0.43���0.44; TL, 1.17���1.22; GW, 0.10���0.11; GSL, 0.07���0.08. Type material. Female holotype and paratype male (O.Sychra CR 218), ex Catharus fuscater, COSTA RICA: Tapanti National Park, Sector Tapanti (09�� 46 ���N, 83 �� 47 ���W; 1200 m), 2���10 August 2009, Literak and Sychra leg. Paratypes: 3 females and 3 males with the same data as holotype. Deposited in INBio (O.Sychra CR 218���221). Remarks. This is the second species of Myrsidea from Catharus fuscater. The female of M. tapanti sp. nov. is clearly distinguished from those of other species belonging to the thoracica species group by the following characters: (1) enlarged metanotum, (2) unique shape of tergites I���II (Fig. 23), (3) continuous rows of tergal setae on I���III. The male of M. tapanti sp. nov. is well characterized by its genital sac sclerite (Fig. 24), which places this species close to three species from Turdidae: M. rohi Ansari, 1956, M. simplex Ansari, 1956 and M. varia Ansari, 1956. However, the male of M. tapanti sp. nov. can be distinguished from the aforementioned species by its larger number of setae on tergites II���III (19���21 vs. 11���18); and on tergites II���V, together with 73���77 setae vs. 48���65. Etymology. The species epithet derives from the name of the type locality of this new species: Tapanti National Park. Myrsidea tapetapersi Sychra and Kounek sp. nov. (Figs 25 ���26, 29, 33) Type host: Turdus nigrescens (Cabanis, 1861) ��� Sooty Thrush. Female (n = 2). As in Fig. 29. This species belongs to the thoracica species group sensu Clay (1966). Length of DHS 10, 0.075���0.085; DHS 11, 0.110���0.120; ratio DHS 10 / 11, 0.63���0.77. Gula with 5 setae on each side. Metasternal plate with 7 setae, metanotum not enlarged, with 13 marginal setae. Femur III with 18���22 setae in ventral setal brush. Abdomen with tergite I not enlarged, with slightly convex posterior margin. Tergite II enlarged, with strongly convex and pointed posterior margin, tergites III and IV with concave lateral margins and straight medioposterior margins, tergite V only slightly convex (Fig. 25). Tergal setae, with median gap in each row except in tergite I: I, 24; II, 23; III, 19; IV, 17; V, 20; VI, 21; VII, 16; VIII, 8. Postspiracular setae extremely long (0.50���0.56) on II, IV, VII and VIII; very long (0.38) on I; long (0.28) on III; and somewhat shorter (0.19���0.21) on V and VI. Sternal setae: II, 4 in each aster, 17 marginal setae between asters, 10 anterior; III, 23; IV, 31; V, 40; VI, 33; VII, 13; VIII���IX, 26 including 15���16 setae on deeply serrated vulval margin; without medioanterior setae on sternites III���VII. Sternite VI arched (Fig. 25). Anal fringe formed by 48 dorsal and 38 ventral setae. Dimensions: TW, 0.53; HL, 0.33���0.34; PW, 0.31; MW, 0.49; AW, 0.59���0.63; ANW, 0.21���0.25; TL, 1.58���1.65. Male (n = 4). As in Fig. 33. Length of DHS 10, 0.070���0.075; DHS 11, 0.105���0.115; ratio DHS 10 / 11, 0.61���0.71. Gula with 4���5 setae on each side. Metasternal plate with 8 setae, metanotum with 11���12 marginal setae. Tergal setae, with median gap in each row: I, 18; II, 17���18; III, 15���17; IV, 16���18; V, 17; VI, 15; VII, 11���12; VIII, 7���8. Postspiracular setae extremely long (0.50���0.52) on II, IV and VIII; very long (0.40) on VII; long (0.30) on I and III; and somewhat shorter (0.16���0.25) on V and VI. Sternal setae: II, 4 in each aster, 15 marginal setae between asters, 7���8 anterior; III, 18���21; IV, 27���28; V, 30���33; VI, 29; VII, 15���18; VIII, 7; without medioanterior setae. Genital sac sclerite with a large subapical projection on each side, a straight or slightly convex posterior margin and with short, dark medioposterior line (Fig. 26). Dimensions: TW, 0.48���0.49; HL, 0.31���0.32; PW, 0.28���0.29; MW, 0.39���0.41; AW, 0.50; TL, 1.39���1.42; GW, 0.11���0.12; GSL, 0.08. Type material. Holotype female and paratype male (O.Sychra CR 222), 1 female and 3 males paratypes (O.Sychra CR 223���224) ex Turdus nigrescens COSTA RICA: Tapanti National Park, Sector Cerro de la Muerte (9 �� 33 ���N, 83 �� 43 ���W; 3100 m), 12���14 August 2010, Sychra and Literak leg. Deposited in INBio (O.Sychra CR 222���223) and MMBC (O.Sychra CR 224). Remarks. This is the first record of a chewing louse from Turdus nigrescens. The female of M. tapetapersi sp. nov. is clearly distinguished from those of other species belonging to the thoracica species group by the unique shape of its tergites (Fig. 25). The male of M. tapetapersi sp. nov. is characterized by the following features: (1) genital sac sclerite, (2) tergal chaetotaxy, and (3) sternites III���VII without anterior setae and quite large dimensions. These characters place M. tapetapersi sp. nov. close to M. keniensis Clay, 1966 from Turdus abyssinicus Gmelin, 1789 from Kenya. However, the male of M. tapetapersi sp. nov. can be distinguished by its larger number of setae on tergite I (18 vs. 12���13) and sternites IV���V (35���37 vs. 27���33). Etymology. This species is named in honor of Oldrich Sychra Sr, father of the corresponding author, who is also known by his nickname TapeTapers., Published as part of Kounek, Filip, Sychra, Oldrich, Capek, Miroslav & Literak, Ivan, 2013, Chewing lice of genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from Turdidae (Passeriformes) of Costa Rica, with descriptions of seven new species, pp. 201-222 in Zootaxa 3620 (2) on pages 214-220, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3620.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/220745

Myrsidea antiqua Ansari, 1956 Myrsidea antiqua Ansari, 1956: Pak. J. Health, 5: 174, Figs 10 a���h. Type host: Turdus grayi grayi Bonaparte, 1838 ���Clay-colored Thrush. Material studied. Three females and 2 males, ex Turdus grayi, COSTA RICA: Tapanti National Park, Sector Tapanti (09�� 46 ���N, 83 �� 47 ���W; 1200 m), 2 August 2009, Sychra and Literak leg. Deposited in INBio (O.Sychra CR 184���185) and MMBC (O.Sychra CR 183). Remarks. Our specimens differ from the redescription of M. antiqua presented by Clay (1966) by setal counts and dimensions as follows [setal counts and dimensions mentioned by Clay (1966) are in parentheses]: Female (n = 3). Tergal setae: I, 13���15 (14���16); II, 15���16 (18���20); III, 16���19 (19���23); V, 19���21 (20���24); VI, 17���20 (20���26); VII, 16���18 (17���21). Postspiracular setae extremely long, 0.51���0.52, on II, IV and VIII; very long, 0.35���0.43, on I and VII; long, 0.21���0.25, on III; and short, 0.13���0.16, on V and VI. Sternal setae: II, 12���13 (9���12) anterior setae; III, 27���31 (25���29); V, 38���40 (33���38); VI, 32���37 (28���32); VII, 13���14 (10���13); VIII���IX, 23���25 (26���30) including 13���15 setae on vulval margin. Dimensions: MW, 0.50���0.51 (0.45���0.50); ANW, 0.23���0.24; TL, 1.59���1.66 (1.62���1.74). Male (n = 2). Tergal setae, with median gap in the row of setae on II���VIII: II, 14���17 (19���21); V, 18���20 (20���23); VI, 17���18 (19���21); VIII, 9 (11���13). Postspiracular setae extremely long, 0.51, on II, IV and VIII; long, 0.25���0.31, on I and VII; and short, 0.11���0.14, on III, V and VI. Sternal setae: VI, 30���32 (32���42); VII, 15���17 (16���18). Sternites III with 1���2 medioanterior setae. Dimensions: HL, 0.28���0.30 (0.30���0.33); PW, 0.28���0.30 (0.29���0.31); MW, 0.39���0.40 (0.36���0.39); TL, 1.30���1.31 (1.38���1.43); GW, 0.11���0.12; GSL, 0.09., Published as part of Kounek, Filip, Sychra, Oldrich, Capek, Miroslav & Literak, Ivan, 2013, Chewing lice of genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from Turdidae (Passeriformes) of Costa Rica, with descriptions of seven new species, pp. 201-222 in Zootaxa 3620 (2) on pages 203-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3620.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/220745

Myrsidea ridulosa (Kellogg & Chapman, 1899) Menopon ridulosum Kellogg & Chapman, 1899: 135, pl. 9, fig. 4. Myrsidea ridulosa (Kellogg & Chapman, 1899); Hopkins & Clay 1952: 233. Myrsidea ridulosa (Kellogg & Chapman, 1899); Palma & Price, 2010: 143, figs 12–16. Syntypes probably lost (Palma & Price (2010: 145). Type host: Dendroica petechia (Linnaeus, 1766). Galápagos host: Dendroica petechia aureola (Gould, 1839). Galápagos localities: Isla Santa Cruz; Isla Floreana. Galápagos references: Palma & Price (2010); Sari et al. (2012: 3). Other significant reference: Price et al. (2003: 131, 352). Material examined: 3 females and 19 nymphs (6 samples, MONZ). Remarks: The 22 specimens listed above were collected from six of eight individuals of Dendroica petechia aureola searched for lice during the 1992 Galápagos Expedition. At present, Dendroica petechia is the only host of Myrsidea ridulosa (see Palma & Price 2010: 145). Genus Osborniella Thompson, 1948 Osborniella Thompson, 1948d: Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (ser. 12) 1: 53. Type species: Colpocephalum crotophagae Stafford, 1943 = Osborniella crotophagae (Stafford, 1943) (by original designation)., Published as part of Palma, Ricardo L. & Peck, Stewart B., 2013, An annotated checklist of parasitic lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) from the Galápagos Islands , pp. 1-87 in Zootaxa 3627 (1) on page 23, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3627.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5261238, {"references":["Kellogg, V. L. & Chapman, B. L. (1899) New Mallophaga, III. Mallophaga from birds of California. Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences, 6, 53 - 143, pls 5 - 9. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 4069389","Hopkins, G. H. E. & Clay, T. (1952) A check list of the genera & species of Mallophaga. Trustees of the British Museum, London. 362 pp.","Palma, R. L. & Price, R. D. (2010) The species of Myrsidea Waterston (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from the Galapagos Islands, with descriptions of new taxa. Tuhinga - Records of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, 21, 135 - 146.","Sari, E. H. R., Klompen, H. & Parker, P. G. (2012) Tracking the origins of lice, haemosporidian parasites and feather mites of the Galapagos flycatcher (Myiarchus magnirostris). Journal of Biogeography. Published online 12 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / jbi. 12059","Price, R. D., Hellenthal, R. A., Palma, R. L., Johnson, K. P. & Clayton, D. H. (2003) The chewing lice: world checklist and biological overview. Illinois Natural History Survey Special Publication 24. x + 501 pp.","Thompson, G. B. (1948 d) Records and descriptions of Mallophaga from Jamaican birds. - Part I. Annals and magazine of natural history (Series 12), 1, 48 - 58.","Stafford, E. W. (1943) Algunos Mallophaga venezolanos - Some Venezuelan Mallophaga. Boletin de Entomologia Venezolana, 2, 35 - 58."]}

Myrsidea mariquensis Halajian and Sychra sp. nov. (Figs. 9 ���11, 17��� 18) Type host: Bradornis mariquensis Smith���Mariqua Flycatcher Female (n = 2). As in Figs. 9 and 17. Hypopharyngeal sclerites strongly developed (Fig. 10). Length of DHS 10, 0.050���0.065; DHS 11, 0.085 ���0.100; ratio DHS 10 / 11, 0.59���0.65. Gula with 4���5 setae on each side. Metasternal plate with 6 setae, metanotum not enlarged, with 6 marginal setae. Femur III with 22���25 setae in ventral setal brush. Abdomen with unenlarged tergites with almost straight posterior margin, only tergites II���III with very slight medioposterior convexity (Fig. 9). Tergal setae, with median gap in each row: I, 5���6; II, 8; III, 10���12; IV, 10���13; V, 9; VI, 8���9; VII, 8���9; VIII, 4���6. Postspiracular setae extremely long (0.38���0.43) on II, IV, VII and VIII; long (0.27��� 0.30) on I and VI and short (0.16���0.23) on III and V. Sternal setae: II, 4���5 in each aster, 13���15 marginal between asters, 8���12 anterior; III, 20���22; IV, 45���48; V, 43; VI, 31; VII, 9; VIII���IX, 7���10 marginal and 10 anterior; sternites III���VII without medioanterior setae. Anal fringe of 37���38 dorsal and 35���36 ventral setae. Dimensions: TW, 0.45��� 0.46; POW, 0.35; HL, 0.31���0.34; PW, 0.28; MW, 0.42���0.45; AW, 0.62; LSVII, 0.18; ANW, 0.19���0.20; TL, 1.55. Male (n = 1). As in Fig. 11 and 18. Length of DHS 10, 0.055; DHS 11, 0.080; ratio DHS 10 / 11, 0.69. Gula with 5��� 6 setae on each side. Metasternal plate with 6 setae. Metanotum with 6 marginal setae. Femur III with 21���23 setae in ventral setal brush. Tergal setae: I, 6; II, 8; III, 12; IV, 12; V, 13; VI, 10; VII, 9; VIII, 8. Postspiracular setae as for female. Sternal setae: II, 3���4 in each aster, 10 marginal between asters, 6 anterior (Fig. 11); III, 17; IV, 25; V, 29; VI, 21; VII, 13; VIII, 10; sternites III���VII without medioanterior setae. Genital sac sclerite as in Fig. 12. Dimensions: TW, 0.44; POW, 0.33; HL, 0.31; PW, 0.26; MW, 0.37; AW, 0.51; LSVII, 0.14; GW, 0.11; GL, 0.46; GSL, 0.055; PAL, 0.06; TL, 1.32. Type material. Holotype female (A. Halajian SA 17) ex Bradornis mariquensis (Muscicapidae), South Africa: Polokwane Game Reserve, Polokwane, Limpopo Province (23 �� 58 'S, 29 �� 28 'E; 1312 m.a.s.l.), 10���11 February 2012, Halajian leg. Paratypes: 1 female and 1 male with the same data as holotype (A. Halajian SA 18). Deposited in BMNH. Remarks. Until now, there were only two species of Myrsidea described on flycatchers (Muscicapidae):��� M. subdissimilis Uchida, 1926 from Cyanoptila cyanomelana (Temminck, 1829) in Japan (Uchida 1926) and M. proterva Złotorzycka, 1964 from Muscicapa striata (Pallas, 1764) in Poland (Złotorzycka 1964). Myrsidea mariquensis sp. nov. is well separated from both aforementioned species by a smaller number of tergal setae in the female, especially on tergite I (5���6 vs. more than 10) and tergites II���IV (each not more than 13 vs. each at least with 14). While the male of M. proterva is unknown, the male of M. mariquensis differs from that of M. subdissimilis by larger dimensions, especially TW (0.44 vs. 0.40���0.41). Etymology. The species name is derived from the specific name of the type host, a noun in apposition., Published as part of Halajian, Ali, Sychra, Oldrich, Luus-Powell, Wilmien & Engelbrecht, Derek, 2012, Chewing lice of the genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Amblycera: Menoponidae) from passerines (Aves: Passeriformes) in South Africa, with descriptions of three new species, pp. 58-68 in Zootaxa 3442 on pages 64-65, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214246, {"references":["Uchida, S. (1926) Studies on amblycerous Mallophaga of Japan. Journal of the College of Agriculture, 9, 1 - 56.","Zlotorzycka, J. (1964) Mallophaga parasitizing Passeriformes and Pici I. Subfamilies Dennyinae, Machaerilaeminae, Colpocephalinae. Acta Parasitologica Polonica, 12, 165 - 192."]}

Myrsidea sp. 2 Material studied. 10 nymphs, VIETNAM: surroundings of the tourist center and ranger station in central part of Cuc Phuong National Park, Cuc Phuong, Province of Ninh Binh (20 ° 15 ' N 105 ° 42 ' E), 4 February 2010, coll. I. Literak. Remarks. This is the first record of a chewing louse from Alcippe morrisonia. Three of six birds examined were parasitized by Myrsidea sp. 2.

Myrsidea eslamii Halajian and Sychra sp. nov. (Figs. 6 ���8, 15��� 16) Type host: Zoothera gurneyi (Hartlaub) ���Orange Ground-Thrush Female (n = 6). As in Fig. 15. Hypopharyngeal sclerites strongly developed (as in Fig. 10). Length of DHS 10, 0.060���0.075; DHS 11, 0.100��� 0.115; ratio DHS 10 / 11, 0.56���0.75. Gula with 4���6 setae on each side. Metasternal plate with 4���5 setae, metanotum not enlarged, with 12���15 marginal setae. Femur III with 22���26 setae in ventral setal brush. Abdominal tergites as in Fig. 6 with enlarged tergites I���IV. Medial part of tergite I in form of narrow processus. Medial part of tergite II���IV very narrow with conspicuously convex posterior margin. Tergal setae, with median gap in each row: I, 10���13; II, 16���19; III, 16���19; IV, 16���20; V, 17���22; VI, 17���21; VII, 10���13; VIII, 8. Postspiracular setae extremely long (0.42���0.53) on II, IV and VIII; long (0.33���0.40) on I and VII and short (0.18��� 0.25) on III, V and VI (in 2 females 0.31 and 0.32 on one side of tergite III). Sternal setae (Fig. 7): II, 4���5 in each aster, 17���21 marginal between asters, 2���3 anterior; III, 45���55; IV, 54���67; V, 48���61; VI, 31���45; VII, 12���18; VIII��� IX, 14���19 marginal and 11���17 anterior; including medioanterior setae on sternites III���VI: III, 7���12; IV, 5���11; V, 3��� 8; VI, 2���6. Anal fringe of 35���38 dorsal and 33���41 ventral setae. Dimensions: TW, 0.49���0.51; POW, 0.36���0.38; HL, 0.30���0.33; PW, 0.30���0.32; MW, 0.47���0.53; AW, 0.62���0.68; LSVII, 0.075���0.085; ANW, 0.23���0.25; TL, 1.55��� 1.72. Male (n = 7). As in Fig. 16. Length of DHS 10, 0.060���0.070; DHS 11, 0.095���0.115; ratio DHS 10 / 11, 0.56��� 0.68. Gula with 5���7 setae on each side. Metasternal plate with 5���7 setae. Metanotum with 8���13 marginal setae. Femur III with 13���19 setae in ventral setal brush. Tergal setae: I, 7���10; II, 12���16; III, 11���16; IV, 11���15; V, 12���15; VI, 10���16; VII, 8���11; VIII, 7���8. Postspiracular setae as for female. Sternal setae: II, 3���4 in each aster, 14���17 marginal between asters, 1���2 anterior; III, 28���40; IV, 35���41; V, 34���38; VI, 28���33; VII, 10���16; VIII, 4���10; including medioanterior setae on sternites III��� IV: III, 2���6; IV, 0���3; one male also with 2 and 1 medioanterior setae on sternites V and VI, respectively. Genital sac sclerite as in Fig. 8. Dimensions: TW, 0.44���0.49; POW, 0.33���0.35; HL, 0.28���0.30; PW, 0.26���0.29; MW, 0.35��� 0.43; AW, 0.45���0.49; LSVII, 0.110���0.115; GW, 0.09���0.11; GL, 0.39���0.45; GSL, 0.10���0.11; PAL, 0.06���0.08; TL, 1.20���1.35. Type material. Holotype female (A. Halajian SA 11) ex Zoothera gurneyi (Turdidae), South Africa: Woodbush forest, Limpopo Province (23 ˚ 50 ' 16.9 "S, 29 ˚ 59 ' 17.8 "E), 11���12 March 2012, Halajian leg. Paratypes: 5 females and 7 males with the same data as holotype (A. Halajian SA10, 12��� 15), all deposited in BMNH. Paratypes: 1 female and 1 male with the same data as holotype (A. Halajian SA 16), deposited in DBUL. Remarks. Although Ledger (1980: 64) mentioned some Myrsidea from Turdus gurney (= Zoothera gurney) from the Transvaal (= South Africa), this is the first determination of the species of Myrsidea from this host in South Africa. This is the second species of Myrsidea from Zoothera gurney. It conspicuously differs from M. montana Clay, 1966 described from the same host from Tanganyika (Tanzania) (Clay 1966) by having non-divided tergites II���IV and smaller number of setae on tergites I (10���13 vs. 21) and VIII (8 vs. 12). The shape of the tergites in the female is almost the same as for those of M. abidae Ansari, 1956 described from Turdus fumigatus aquilonalis (Cherrie) from Venezuela and T. f. fumigatus Lischtenstein from British Guiana (Ansari 1956, Clay 1966). The female of M. eslamii sp. nov. differs from those of M. abidae by (1) smaller number of setae on tergites, especially on tergite VII (10���13 vs. 15���18), (2) larger number of setae on sternites III���V (each with 45���67 vs. 26��� 35), (3) smaller dimensions, especially TW (0.49���0.51 vs. 0.54) and (4) postspiracular seta VII as short as those on V and VI. However, the male of M. eslamii sp. nov. has the same shape of genital sac sclerite, differing from males of M. montana by a smaller number of setae on tergite I (7���10 vs. 12���16) and larger number of setae on sternites IV and V (each with 34���41 vs. 22���32), and from those of M. abidae by a smaller number of setae on tergites III���VI (each with 10���16 vs. 18���22). Etymology. This species is named in honour of Prof. Ali Eslami, Iranian Veterinary Parasitologist (University of Tehran)., Published as part of Halajian, Ali, Sychra, Oldrich, Luus-Powell, Wilmien & Engelbrecht, Derek, 2012, Chewing lice of the genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Amblycera: Menoponidae) from passerines (Aves: Passeriformes) in South Africa, with descriptions of three new species, pp. 58-68 in Zootaxa 3442 on pages 62-64, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214246, {"references":["Ledger, J. A. (1980) The Arthropod parasites of vertebrates in Africa South of the Sahara, Vol. IV, Phthiraptera (Insecta). Publication of the South African Institute for Medical Research No. 56. South African Institute for Medical Research, Johannesburg, 327 pp.","Clay, T. (1966) Contributions towards a revision of Myrsidea Waterston. I (Menoponidae: Mallophaga). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology, 17, 327 - 395.","Ansari, M. A. R. (1956) A contribution to our knowledge of Myrsidea (Mallophaga: Amblycera) occurring on Turdidae (sens. lat.). Pakistan Journal of Health, 5, 163 - 177."]}

Myrsidea textoris Klockenhoff, 1984 Myrsidea textoris Klockenhoff, 1984: Bonn. Zool. Beitr. 35: 270. Type host: Ploceus cucullatus cucullatus (Muller) Material studied. 1 male (A. Halajian SA 19), ex Ploceus velatus (Ploceidae), South Africa: Polokwane Game Reserve, Polokwane, Limpopo Province (23 �� 58 'S, 29 �� 28 'E; 1312 m.a.s.l.), 11 February 2012, Halajian leg. Deposited in DBUL. Remarks. Our specimen differs from the original description by Klockenhoff (1984) by setal counts and dimensions as follows [setal counts and dimensions mentioned by Klockenhoff (1984) are in parentheses]: Male (n = 1). Length of DHS 10, 0.055���0.060; DHS 11, 0.085; ratio DHS 10 / 11, 0.65���0.71. Tergal setae: I, 12 (14���20); III, 18 (19���24). Postspiracular setae extremely long, 0.35���0.40, on II, IV, VIII; long, 0.33, on VII and short, 0.11���0.13, on I, III, V and VI. Sternal setae: II, 6 (10���14) anterior; III, 17 (18���24); VII, 13 (14���19); VIII, 10 (19���23); without medioanterior setae. Dimensions: POW, 0.28; HL, 0.24 (0.28���0.30); MW, 0.33 (0.34���0.38); AW, 0.41 (0.46���0.50); GW, 0.09; GL, 0.40; PAL, 0.05; TL, 1.12 (1.26���1.38)., Published as part of Halajian, Ali, Sychra, Oldrich, Luus-Powell, Wilmien & Engelbrecht, Derek, 2012, Chewing lice of the genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Amblycera: Menoponidae) from passerines (Aves: Passeriformes) in South Africa, with descriptions of three new species, pp. 58-68 in Zootaxa 3442 on pages 65-66, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214246, {"references":["Klockenhoff, H. F. (1984) Mallophagen der gattung Myrsidea Waterston, 1915 von afrikanischen Webervogeln (Ploceidae) - II. Bonner Zoologische Beitrage, 35, 269 - 284."]}

Myrsidea annae Najer & Sychra, sp. nov. (Figs. 1 A���E, 6 A���B) Type host: Schoeniparus rufogularis (Mandelli, 1873) ��� Rufous-throated Fulvetta Female (n = 3) (Figs 1 A���B, 6 B). Hypopharynx fully developed, gula with 4 setae on each side. Metasternal plate with 4 medium long setae, metanotum not enlarged, with 17���21 marginal setae. Abdominal tergites I���III strongly enlarged with pronounced medioposterior tapering convexity; tergite I extends to level of mid pleurite IV; tergite II to level of end of pleurite IV; tergite III to level of mid pleurite V (Fig. 1 A). Tergite IV with pronounced enlargement, but with central part of posterior margin almost straight; tergite V compressed by enlarged previous tergites, with slightly convex posterior margin. Tergal setae, with median gap on tergites V���IX, as follows: I, 22���23; II���III, 21���25; IV, 20���24; V, 19���22; VI, 18���21; VII, 10���14; VIII, 8���9. Postspiracular setae long (0.26���0.37) on II, IV; medium long (0.16���0.26) on I and VIII; and short (0.07���0.16) on III, V, VI and VII. Sternal setae: II, 4 in each aster, 17���19 marginal between asters, 15���20 anterior; III, 25; IV, 33���34 (one specimen had fewer sternal setae; its numbers are given in parentheses; 28); V, 32���33 (24); VI, 28���30 (15); VII, 14���19 (12); VIII���IX, 9���11 marginal and 11 anterior; sternites III���VII without medioanterior setae. Sternite II with concave anterior and posterior margin, as in Fig. 1 B. Pleurites without anterior setae. Dimensions: PAW, 0.31; PAL, 0.17; TW, 0.40; POL, 0.11; HL, 0.26���0.28; PW, 0.24���0.25; ML, 0.22���0.23; MW, 0.42���0.44; AWIV, 0.55���0.63; AL, 0.75���0.79; ANW, 0.20; TL, 1.39���1.43. Male (n = 3) (Figs 1 C���E, 6 A). Gula with 5 setae on each side. Metasternal plate with 2 setae, metanotum with 5 short setae on each postero-lateral margin. Abdominal tergites straight, without any enlargement. Tergal setae, with median gap in each row, as follows: I, 11���13; II, 14���16; III, 15���16; IV, 10���17; V, 14; VI, 13���15; VII, 9���10; VIII, 6���9. Postspiracular setae as for female. Sternal setae: II, 4 in each aster, 13���17 marginal between asters, 7���11 anterior; III, 17���21; IV, 16���25; V���VI, 19���26; VII, 9���14; VIII, 6���7; sternites III���VII without medioanterior setae. Male genitalia as in Fig. 1 D. Genital sac sclerite with short subapical projection on each side, concave posterior margin and with long darker medioposterior line (Fig. 1 E). Dimensions: PAW, 0.28���0.29; PAL, 0.16���0.18; TW, 0.37���0.38; POL, 0.08���0.10; HL, 0.25���0.27; PW, 0.22���0.23; ML, 0.16���0.18; MW, 0.31���0.32; AWIV, 0.39���0.41; AL, 0.61���0.62; TL, 1.15���1.18; GW, 0.10. Type material. Holotype female (Fig. 6 B) ex Schoeniparus rufogularis, VIETNAM: surroundings of the tourist center and ranger station in central part of Cuc Phuong National Park, Cuc Phuong, Province of Ninh Binh (20 �� 15 ' N 105 �� 42 ' E), 2 February 2010, coll. I. Literak, in IEBR VAST (O. Sychra V 37). Paratypes: 2 males, 1 female with the same data as holotype but in IEBR VAST (O. Sychra V 37 and V 38); 1 male from 3 February 2010, other data as in holotype, 1 female with the same data as holotype but in MMBC (O. Sychra V 39). Remarks. Myrsidea annae is the first species of chewing lice known from fulvettas of the genus Alcippe; it can easily be distinguished from other Myrsidea known from the family Timaliidae by the following characteristics: (1) fully developed hypopharynx; (2) considerably enlarged female abdominal tergites (Fig. 1 A); (3) male genital sac sclerite with short subapical projection on each side and with concave posterior margin (Fig. 1 E). Tandan (1972) reviewed the species of Myrsidea parasitic on birds belonging to the family Timaliidae, and included separate male and female keys to their identification. In the key to Myrsidea females, M. annae sp. nov. keys to couplet 3, being closest to M. manipurensis Tandan, 1972 and M. duplicita Tandan, 1972. It is readily distinguished from both aforementioned species by its different abdominal tergal configuration. In the key to Myrsidea males, M. annae sp. nov. keys to couplet 4, being closest to M. bhutanensis Tandan, 1972. It can be separable from that of M. bhutanensis by genital sac sclerite and smaller number of setae on tergite VII (9���10 vs. 15���17). Five of eight birds examined were parasitized by Myrsidea annae. Etymology. This species is named in remembrance of the late Anna Pospisilova, a close friend of the first author., Published as part of Najer, Tomas, Sychra, Oldrich, Hung, Nguyen Manh, Capek, Miroslav, Podzemny, Petr & Literak, Ivan, 2012, Chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) from wild passerines (Aves: Passeriformes) in northern Vietnam, with descriptions of three new species, pp. 59-73 in Zootaxa 3530 on pages 63-64, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.215422, {"references":["Tandan, B. K. (1972) Contributions towards a revision of Myrsidae Waterston. VII. (Phthiraptera: Amblycera: Menoponidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology, 27, 371 - 410."]}

Myrsidea eisentrauti Klockenhoff, 1982 Myrsidea eisentrauti Klockenhoff, 1982: Bonn. Zool. Beitr. 33: 407. Type host: Sporopipes squamifrons (Smith) Material studied. 2 females (A. Halajian SA08���09), ex Sporopipes squamifrons (Ploceidae), South Africa: Polokwane Game Reserve, Polokwane, Limpopo Province (23 �� 58 'S, 29 �� 28 'E; 1312 m.a.s.l.), 10���11 February 2012, Halajian leg. Deposited in DBUL. Remarks. Our specimens differ from the original description presented by Klockenhoff (1982) by setal counts and dimensions as follows [setal counts and dimensions mentioned by Klockenhoff (1982) are in parentheses]: Female (n = 2). Length of DHS 10, 0.050���0.055; DHS 11, 0.095; ratio 10 / 11, 0.53���0.58. Tergal setae, with median gap in each row (quite small on tergites I���III). However, in the original drawing by Klockenhoff (1982: fig 1), there are no gaps in the rows of setae in the tergites. Tergite I: 14 (16���19). Postspiracular setae extremely long, 0.45���0.52, on II, IV, VI, VII and VIII and long, 0.30���0.40, on I, III and V. Sternal setae: II, 3 (7���11) anterior; III, 37���48 (47���76); IV, 45���69 (52���96); VII, 7���8 (8���11); VIII���IX, 9���10 (14���18); including 1���2 medioanterior setae on sternites IV���VI. Dimensions: TW, 0.46���0.47 (0.47���0.50); POW, 0.35���0.36; HL, 0.34 (0.37���0.40); MW, 0.48���0.50 (0.52���0.55); AW, 0.79���0.80 (0.82���0.91); ANW, 0.16���0.17; TL, 2.15���2.20 (2.30��� 2.47)., Published as part of Halajian, Ali, Sychra, Oldrich, Luus-Powell, Wilmien & Engelbrecht, Derek, 2012, Chewing lice of the genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Amblycera: Menoponidae) from passerines (Aves: Passeriformes) in South Africa, with descriptions of three new species, pp. 58-68 in Zootaxa 3442 on page 62, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214246, {"references":["Klockenhoff, H. F. (1982) Mallophagen der gattung Myrsidea Waterston, 1915 von afrikanischen Webervogeln (Ploceidae) I Myrsidea eisentrauti n. sp. Bonner Zoologische Beitrage, 33, 407 - 411."]}

Myrsidea aynazae Halajian and Sychra sp. nov. (Figs. 1 ���5, 13��� 14) Type host: Phyllastrephus flavostriatus (Sharpe) ���Yellow-streaked Greenbul Female (n = 5). As in Figs. 1 and 13. Hypopharyngeal sclerites weakly developed (Fig. 2). Length of dorsal head seta (DHS) 10, 0.050���0.060; DHS 11, 0.100��� 0.110; ratio DHS 10 / 11, 0.45���0.60. Dorsal head seta 15 long with length more than 0.30. Gula with 4���6 setae on each side. Metasternal plate with 4���5 setae, metanotum not enlarged, with 6 marginal setae. Femur III with 18���24 setae in ventral setal brush. Abdominal tergites as in Fig. 1 with tergites I���III somewhat enlarged and convex. Tergal setae, with median gap in each row: I, 9���11; II, 15���17; III, 16���21; IV, 15���16; V, 15���18; VI, 16; VII, 12���15; VIII, 9���10. Postspiracular setae extremely long (0.40���0.51) on II, IV and VIII; long (0.27���0.40) on I, III, VI and VII and short (0.20���0.25) on V. Sternal setae: II, 5���6 in each aster, 14���18 marginal between asters, 11���17 anterior; III, 15���21; IV, 41���44; V, 42��� 52; VI, 42���52; VII, 24���31; VIII���IX, 10���14 marginal and 12���26 anterior; sternites III���VII without medioanterior setae. Anal fringe of 34���37 dorsal and 37���43 ventral setae. Dimensions: TW, 0.45���0.47; POW, 0.31���0.32; HL, 0.30���0.31; PW, 0.30���0.31; MW, 0.44���0.46; AW, 0.63���0.66; LSVII, 0.100��� 0.115; ANW, 0.24���0.26; TL, 1.57���1.67. Male (n = 6). As in Figs. 3 and 14. Length of DHS 10, 0.050���0.065; DHS 11, 0.100��� 0.110; ratio DHS 10 / 11, 0.48��� 0.65. Dorsal head seta 15 long (0.30���0.32). Gula with 4���6 setae on each side. Metasternal plate with 4 setae. Metanotum with 6���7 marginal setae. Femur III with 16���20 setae in ventral setal brush. Tergal setae: I, 7���8; II, 10���15; III, 14���18; IV, 13���20; V, 16���19; VI, 11���20; VII, 12���19; VIII, 10���12. Postspiracular setae as for female. Sternal setae: II, 4���6 in each aster, 13���20 marginal between asters, 15���18 anterior (Fig. 3); III, 15���17; IV, 37���40; V, 40���51; VI, 43���49; VII, 35���41; VIII, 19���26; sternites III���VII without medioanterior setae. Four spine-like setae posteriorly to the row of internal anal setae (Fig. 3). Genital sac sclerite as in Figs. 4 and 5. Dimensions: TW, 0.41���0.44; POW, 0.28���0.29; HL, 0.27���0.29; PW, 0.28���0.29; MW, 0.37���0.40; AW, 0.50���0.52; LSVII, 0.100; GW, 0.10���0.11; GL, 0.45���0.47; GSL, 0.08���0.10; PAL, 0.06���0.09; TL, 1.32���1.35. Type material. Holotype female (A. Halajian SA01) ex Phyllastrephus flavostriatus (Pycnonotidae), South Africa: Woodbush forest, Limpopo Province (23 ˚ 50 ' 16.9 "S, 29 ˚ 59 ' 17.8 "E), 11 March 2012, Halajian leg. Paratypes: 4 females and 6 males with the same data as holotype (A. Halajian SA02���06), all deposited in BMNH. Paratypes: 1 female and 1 male with the same data as holotype (A. Halajian SA07) deposited in DBUL. Remarks. The weakly developed hypopharyngeal sclerites place Myrsidea aynazae sp. nov. close to M. wombeyi Johnson and Price 2006 and M. marksi Johnson and Price 2006. Hellenthal and Price (2003) divided Myrsidea from bulbuls into three species groups: pycnonoti, plumosi and palmai. The three aforementioned species can be placed into a fourth group that is easily separated from the remainder by the reduction of the hypopharyngeal sclerites. We suggest the name wombeyi for this species group. Myrsidea aynazae sp. nov. can be distinguished from M. wombeyi and M. marksi by the following characteristics: (1) larger number of setae on tergites I and II of female (9���11 vs. 6 and 15���17 vs. 8���13, respectively); (2) postspiracular seta V shorter than those on VI (against M. marksi); (3) smaller dimension, especially TW (against M. wombeyi) and (4) male genital sac sclerite (Fig. 4 vs. Fig. 15 [in Johnson and Price 2006]). Etymology. This species is named after the first author`s daughter, Aynaz., Published as part of Halajian, Ali, Sychra, Oldrich, Luus-Powell, Wilmien & Engelbrecht, Derek, 2012, Chewing lice of the genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Amblycera: Menoponidae) from passerines (Aves: Passeriformes) in South Africa, with descriptions of three new species, pp. 58-68 in Zootaxa 3442 on pages 60-62, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214246, {"references":["Johnson, K. P. & Price, R. D. (2006) Five new species of Myrsidea Waterston (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from bristlebills and greenbuls (Passeriformes: Pycnonotidae) in Ghana. Zootaxa, 1177, 27 - 37."]}

Myrsidea dalgleishi Valim, Price & Johnson n. sp. (Figs. 28 ���29, 33��� 35) Type host. Glyphorynchus spirurus (Vieillot, 1819) ���the Wedge-billed Woodcreeper (Dendrocolaptidae). Female (n = 3). Habitus as in Fig. 28. Hypopharynx fully developed, DHS 10, 0.03 long; DHS 11, 0.09 long. Gula with 4 setae on each side (rarely 5 on one side). Metanotum with 9���11 setae on posterior margin. Setae of femoral brush, 11���14. Metanotum and abdomen as in Fig. 33. Tergites of similar size, tergite I with very slight medioposterior convexity. With a conspicuous median gap in each tergal setal row. Tergal setae: I, 10���13; II, 12��� 14; III, 14���17; IV, 13���15; V, 14���16; VI, 14���15; VII, 11���12; VIII, 9���10. Postspiracular setae shortest (0.11���0.17) on III, V, VI and VII, and extremely long (0.24���0.38) on I, II, IV, and VIII. Sternal setae: II, each aster of 3 setae (rarely 4 on one side), posterior margin with 11���14 and anteriorly with 7���8; III, 18���22; IV, 22���24; V, 25���27; VI, 19���21; VII, 8���10; VIII���IX with 9���10 marginal and 7���9 anterior setae. Each pleurite III���VII with about 4���5 short marginal setae. Anus with 30���34 ventral fringe setae, 30���34 dorsal. Dimensions: TW, 0.41; HL, 0.28���0.29; PW, 0.24���0.25; PSPL, 0.10; MW, 0.37���0.39; MSPL, 0.13���0.14; AWIV, 0.50���0.51; ANW, 0.18���0.20; TL, 1.29���1.36. Male (n = 3). Habitus as in Fig. 29. Gula with 4 setae on each side. Metanotum with 6���10 setae on posterior margin, metasternal plate with 6 setae. Setae of femoral brush, 10���11. Metanotum and abdomen as in Fig. 34. Tergal setae: I, 10���12; II, 11���12; III���IV, 12���13; V, 12; VI, 10���12; VII, 9���10; VIII, 8. A conspicuous median gap in each tergal setal row. Postspiracular setae as for female. Sternal setae: II, each aster of 3 setae (rarely 4 on one site), posterior margin with 12 and anteriorly with 7; III, 17; IV, 18���20; V, 21���22; VI, 18���19; VII, 9���10; VIII, 5���6. Genital sac sclerite as in Fig. 35, rounded apically, without lateral projections. Dimensions: TW, 0.39; HL, 0.26; PW, 0.23���0.24; PSPL, 0.09; MW, 0.32���0.33; MSPL, 0.12; AWIV, 0.40���0.41; GL, 0.35���0.36; GSL, 0.09���0.10; TL, 1.07���1.09. Type material. Holotype female, ex Glyphorynchus spirurus, Costa Rica: San Jose, Tinamaste, 12 km SW San Isidro de El General, 1 February 2000, R.C. Dalgleish, Fisher & JS # 3078. Paratypes: 2 males and 2 females, same data as holotype. One pair of paratypes at MZUSP. Additional material. 1 male and 1 nymph, ex G. spirurus, # 1103, PERU: Madre de Dios, Cerro de Pantiacolla, elev. 680 m, 16 November 1985, D.H. Clayton coll., at FMNH; 1 nymph, ex G. s p i r u r u s, same data except 9 November 1985, at FMNH. Remarks. Myrsidea dalgleishi n. sp. can be easily distinguished from M. souleyetii Sychra, 2007 (Figs. 22, 23) by its smaller measurements and by the length of postspiracular setae on VII in both sexes (long in M. souleyetii). Males can be distinguished by sternite VII with reduced number of setae (20 setae in M. souleyetii), curvature of parameres (strongly curved in M. souleyetii), and the distinct male genital sclerites. This new species was previously found by Sychra et al. (2007) on G. s p i r u r u s also in Costa Rica, but it was regarded as ��� Myrsidea sp. 2 ��� after the examination and description of only one female specimen. The color pattern described by those authors is also present in our specimens of M. dalgleishi n. sp. (see Figs. 28, 29). Etymology. This species is named after Robert C. Dalgleish (1940���2009) in recognition of his contributions to the taxonomy of lice, especially his efforts in studying the genus Myrsidea., Published as part of Valim, Michel P., Price, Roger D. & Johnson, Kevin P., 2011, New host records and descriptions of five new species of Myrsidea Waterston, 1915 (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from passerine birds (Aves: Passeriformes), pp. 1-19 in Zootaxa 3097 on page 10, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.202624, {"references":["Sychra, O., Literak, I., Capek, M. & Havlicek, M. (2007) Chewing lice (Phthiraptera) from Ovenbirds, Leaftossers and Woodcreepers (Passeriformes: Furnariidae: Furnariinae, Sclerurinae, Dendrocolaptinae) from Costa Rica, with descriptions of four new species of the genera Rallicola and Myrsidea. Caribbean Journal of Science, 43 (1), 117 - 126."]}

Myrsidea bidentata Kounek and Sychra sp. nov. (Figs. 1���3) Type host. Piranga bidentata (Swainson) ���Flame-colored Tanager Female (n = 5). This species belongs to the fusca species group (sensu Price and Dalgleish 2006). Length of head seta 10, 0.070���0.075; seta 11, 0.100��� 0.105; ratio 10 / 11, 0.67���0.75. Gula with 5 setae on each side. Metasternal plate with 6 setae, Metanotum not enlarged, with 13���14 marginal setae. Abdomen with tergites I���II strongly enlarged (Fig. 1); tergite I with pronounced tapered medioposterior convexity, II with pronounced medioposterior enlargement, but with almost straight central part of posterior margin, tergites III���V compressed by enlarged tergites I���II with gently curved posterior margin. Tergal setae, with median gap in each row: I, 14���16; II, 10���12; III, 12���14; IV, 11���13; V, 13���15; VI, 14���18; VII, 10���12; VIII, 7���8. Postspiracular setae extremely long (0.48���0.51) on II, IV and VIII; long (0.30���0.38) on I and VII and short (0.15���0.20) on III, V and VI. Sternal setae: II, 4 in each aster, 14���16 marginal between asters, 4���5 anterior; III, 21���23; IV, 29���33; V, 34; VI, 31���34; VII, 12���15; VIII���IX, 17; without medioanterior setae. Dimensions: TW, 0.45���0.49; HL, 0.31���0.33; PW, 0.28; MW, 0.43���0.46; AW, 0.57���0.62; TL, 1.44���1.56; ANW, 0.20���0.22. Male (n = 2). Length of head seta 10, 0.060���0.075; seta 11, 0.095 ���0.100; ratio 10 / 11, 0.60���0.79. Gula with 4���5 setae on each side. Metasternal plate with 5���6 setae. Metanotum with 6 marginal setae. Tergal setae: I, 8���10; II, 10���11; III, 10���12; IV, 12; V, 12; VI, 12; VII, 10; VIII, 8. Postspiracular setae as for female. Sternal setae: II, 4 in each aster, 10���16 marginal between asters, 4���6 anterior (Fig. 2); III, 19; IV, 25���27; V, 28���29; VI, 25���27; VII, 13���14; VIII, 12; without medioanterior setae. Genital sac sclerite with subapical projection on each side (Fig. 3). Dimensions: TW, 0.43; HL, 0.29���0.31; PW, 0.26���0.27; MW, 0.33���0.37; AW, 0.46���0.48; TL, 1.26���1.27; GW, 0.10���0.11; GL, 0.40���0.42; GSL, 0.10. Type material. Female holotype (O.Sychra CR 105), ex Piranga bidentata (Cardinalidae), COSTA RICA: Zona Protectora Las Tablas, La Amistad Lodge (8 �� 54 ���N, 82 �� 47 ���W; 1300m), 19 August 2010, Sychra and Literak leg. Paratypes: 2 females and 2 males with the same data as holotype (O.Sychra CR 105���106). Deposited in INBio. Other specimens deposited in MZM. Remarks. The female of M. bidentata sp. nov. is easily separated from other cardinalid, thraupid, or fringillid Myrsidea by following characteristics: (1) tergite I much enlarged with pronounced tapered medioposterior convexity and with> 13 setae; (2) tergites with median gap in each row of setae and with small number of setae (especially tergites II���VI with not> 16 setae) and (3) metanotum not enlarged with almost straight posterior margin with not> 15 setae. The male of M. bidentata sp. nov. is characterized by: (1) Genital sac sclerite with subapical projection on each side (Fig. 3); (2) small number of setae on tergites (especially tergites I���VI each with not> 13 setae and VIII with not> 8 setae); (3) sternite VIII with> 10 setae. Etymology. The species name is derived from the specific name of the type host., Published as part of Kounek, Filip, Sychra, Oldrich, Capek, Miroslav, Lipkova, Alexandra & Literak, Ivan, 2011, Chewing lice of the genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from the Cardinalidae, Emberizidae, Fringillidae and Thraupidae (Aves: Passeriformes) from Costa Rica, with descriptions of four new species, pp. 1-16 in Zootaxa 3032 on pages 4-5, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278715, {"references":["Price, R. D. & Dalgleish, R. C. (2006) Myrsidea Waterston (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from tanagers (Passeriformes: Thraupidae), with descriptions of 18 new species. Zootaxa, 1174, 1 - 25."]}

Myrsidea paleno Kounek & Sychra sp. nov. (Figs. 9���11) Type host: Parkesia motacilla (Vieillot) ���Louisiana waterthrush. Female (n = 2). Hypopharyngeal sclerites well developed, as in Fig. 1. Length of head seta 10, 0.060; seta 11, 0.100��� 0.110; ratio 10 / 11, 0.55���0.60. Gula with 4���5 setae on each side. Metasternal plate with 7���8 setae, metanotum not enlarged, with 10���11 marginal setae. Abdomen with tergites I���II with slightly convex posterior margins (Fig. 9); tergites with median gap in each setal row and setal numbers as follows: I, 13���15; II, 16���18; III, 16���17; IV, 16���17; V, 16; VI, 11���13; VII, 8; VIII, 8. Postspiracular setae: extremely long (0.40���0.42) on II, IV and VIII; very long (0.25���0.30) on I and VII; long (0.20��� 0.23) on VI; and shorter (0.16���0.18) on III and V. Sternal setae: II, 4 in each aster, 13 marginal between asters, 4 anterior; III, 21���23; IV, 28; V, 29���32; VI, 24���25; VII, 10; VIII���IX, 21���22 including 9���10 setae on deeply serrated vulval margin; without medioanterior sternal setae. Inner posterior seta of last tergum quite long extending beyond ends of anal fringe setae (Fig. 9) with length 0.09���0.10; length of short lateral marginal seta of last tergum, 0.03��� 0.04. Dimensions: TW, 0.43; HL, 0.23���0.30; PW, 0.26; MW, 0.40���0.41; AW, 0.53; TL, 1.37���1.40; ANW, 0.19. Male (n = 1). Length of head seta 10, 0.060; seta 11, 0.100��� 0.110; ratio 10 / 11, 0.55���0.60. Gula with 4���5 setae on each side. Metasternal plate with 6 setae, metanotum with 9 marginal setae. Tergal setal counts: I, 8; II, 14; III, 15; IV, 12; V, 13; VI, 10; VII, 9; VIII, 8. Postspiracular setae: extremely long (0.40���0.44) on II, IV and VIII; long (0.21���0.24) on I and VII; somewhat shorter (0.16���0.19) on VI; and conspicously shorter (0.11���0.13) on III and V. Sternal setae: II, 4 in each aster, 11 marginal between asters, 4 anterior (Fig. 10); III, 17; IV, 24; V, 29; VI, 25; VII, 12; VIII, 5; without medioanterior sternal setae. Genital sac sclerite with slight apical indentation, distinct subapical lateral projection on each side and with dark medioposterior line (Fig. 11). Dimensions: TW, 0.38; HL, 0.26; PW, 0.23; MW, 0.31; AW, 0.53; TL, 1.18; GW, 0.10; GSL, 0.08. Type material. Female holotype (O. Sychra CR 176) ex Parkesia motacilla (Vieillot), COSTA RICA: Barbilla NP, (9 �� 59 ���N, 85 �� 27 ���W; 600 m), 4 September 2004, Literak leg. Paratypes: 1 female (O. Sychra CR 176) with same data as holotype; and 1 male (O. Sychra CR 177) ex Parkesia motacilla, COSTA RICA: Zona Protectora Las Tablas, La Amistad Lodge (8 �� 54 ���N, 82 �� 47 ���W; 1300 m), 20 August 2010, Sychra and Literak leg. Deposited in INBio. Remarks. This is the first record of chewing lice of the genus Myrsidea from Parkesia motacilla. In general, M. paleno is similar to M. basileuteri. It can be separated by: (1) abdominal tergites I���II of female with slightly convex posterior margin; (2) higher number of setae on tergites (for example tergite VI of both sexes, 10���13 vs. 8); (3) inner posterior seta of the female last tergum long, extending beyond the end of the anal fringe setae; (4) larger dimensions (for example TW of female 0.43 vs. 0.41). Etymology. The specific name derives from the salutation or exclamation of one of our colleagues that accompanied us during our stay in Costa Rica in 2010, and which we adopted as our good luck charm., Published as part of Kounek, Filip, Sychra, Oldrich, Capek, Miroslav & Literak, Ivan, 2011, Chewing lice of the genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from New World warblers (Passeriformes: Parulidae) from Costa Rica, with descriptions of four new species, pp. 56-63 in Zootaxa 3137 on page 60, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.205057