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Objectives: The study was undertaken with the objectives to perform seromonitoring of Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) antibodies in goats vaccinated with PPR vaccine and molecular character¬ization of PPR virus (PPRV) from field cases in Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: Seromonitoring work was conducted in Char Kalibari, Mymensingh Sadar, Mymensingh. For this, a total of 50 goats were randomly selected and were divided into two groups; vaccinated (Group A; n = 25) and non-vaccinated (Group B; n = 25). The goats of both groups were again sub-divided into four age groups; (i) 06 months (n = 5), (ii) 612 months (n = 5), (iii) 1224 months (n = 10), and (iv) >24 months (n = 5). Blood samples were collected on Day-0 and after 21 days of post-vaccination (DPV), and the sera were prepared. The sera were examined for the presence of antibodies against PPRV by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. For molecular characterization, nasal swabs (n = 10) were collected from PPR infected goats in Jessore during PPR outbreak (February 2016). The causative agent, PPRV isolated from field cases were confirmed by N gene based on reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), followed by sequencing, phylogenetic analysis, and multiple sequence alignment analyses. Results: In the case of seromonitoring, the results revealed that before vaccination (at Day-0), overall, 44% (n = 22/50) goats were seropositive for PPRV. In Group A, 48% (n = 12/25) goats were seropositive, but after 21 DPV, 96% (n = 24/25) goats become seropositive. On the other hand, in Group B, 40% (n = 10/25) and 16% (n = 04/25) seropositive goats found at Day-0 and after 21 DPV, respectively, indicating that the antibody titer was increasing after vaccination and decreasing in convalescent goats. Out of 10 nasal swab samples, 40% (n = 4/10) was confirmed by RT-PCR targeting nucleocapsid (N gene). Phylogenetically, our isolate (KY039156/PPRV/BDG/Jes/2016) was similar to the other strains of PPRV under lineage IV. However, there was a unique amino acid substitution, where glycine (G) was recorded in place of arginine (R). The strain is closely related with other Chinese or Indian strains. The nucleotide sequence homology by NCBI BLAST search of the isolated strain ranged from 95% to 99% with other strains circulating in Bangladesh. Conclusion: The PPRV is prevailing in the Mymensingh and Jessore regions of Bangladesh. Effective control of PPR in goats may depend on vaccination with PPR vaccine. Molecular characterization of PPRV in Jessore reveals that the virus is differing from the strain prevalent in other regions of Bangladesh and the world. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2019; 6(3.000): 416-424]

Objective: The current study was conducted to explore the prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites in small ruminants (sheep and goats) in relation to species, age, sex, season, and body condition in Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional coprological survey was carried out at Mymensingh Sadar in Mymensingh from July 2015 to June 2016. In total, 433 fecal samples were screened for eggs/oocysts/cysts of parasite and counted by using standard qualitative and quantitative techniques. Eggs/oocysts/cysts were identified according to their characteristic features. Results: The study found 74.8% (n=324/433) prevalence of GI parasites in small ruminants. Species-wise prevalence indicated that 77.0% (n=268/348) goats and 65.9% (n=56/85) sheep harbored parasitic infection. Nine species of GI parasites were identified in the study area namely S trongyloides sp., Haemonchus sp., Oesophagostomum sp., Trichostrongylus sp., Trichuris sp. , Paraphistomum spp., Fasciola spp., Eimeria spp. and Balantidium spp. The level of egg/oocyst/cyst per gram of feces (EPG/OPG/CPG) was ranged between 100 and 1200. Young small ruminants (78.4%) showed significantly ( P =0.026) higher prevalence as compared to adult (68.8%). Between sexes, significantly ( P =0.000) higher prevalence was found in female (83.6%) than male (64.7%). Infection was significantly ( P =0.000) highest in poor body conditioned small ruminants (82.1%) as compared to moderate (72.2%) and good body conditioned (53.8%) small ruminants. In case of season, highest prevalence was found in rainy season (83.6%) followed by summer (78.6%) and winter (59.4%) with significant seasonal variations ( P =0.000). Conclusion: Finally, GI parasites are endemic among small ruminants in the study area. Knowledge on these parasites and related epidemiological parameters is important for outlining fruitful control strategies against GI parasites. http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2017.d234

Some influential variables that are import to farmers in Northern Bangladesh regarding land use decisions for farmlands, where such options are possible, were explored in this study. A multi-stage sampling procedure was followed to select the study area and the sampling unit. We selected four sub-districts in Mymensingh district, a suitable area in Bangladesh for freshwater fish farming: Mucktagachha, Trishal, Phulpur, and Bhaluka. The PROMETHEE (Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluations) method was used to remove the problem of simultaneously selecting all criteria for land use decision-making, hence revealing the effects of some important variables on decisions on land use made by farmers. PROMETHEE model gave equal preference to rice over fish farming after all criteria were considered simultaneously. Although fish farming total return was about 6 times higher than rice farming, farmers were more interested in rice farming because of three major influential criteria: it requires less labor, operates at lower costs, and has zero conversion cost associated with rice farming.

Bangladesh has sustained robust economic growth, led by industrial development and urbanization, for the past three decades. In tandem with its economic development, country has been increasingly urbanizing led by the massive growth of Dhaka, the nation’s capital. Yet urbanization and industrial growth have come with high environmental costs that are increasingly harming Bangladesh’s prospects for continued strong economic progress. Urban environmental pollution is already imposing a significant cost on the economy. Over the last decade, country has improved its policy regime and systems for environmental and pollution management, yet much more needs to be done to arrest the stark effects of pollution and environmental degradation on people’s health and economic productivity. Given the growing environmental challenges that Bangladesh’s cities face, this assessment focuses on the country’s urban areas. The report analyzes the impacts and causes of pollution levels and natural resource degradation in Dhaka and other rapidly growing cities. It updates the first assessment prepared over a decade ago with the aim of (i) better understanding the environmental challenges, trends, and implications of rapid economic growth in urban areas; and (ii) identifying paths toward cleaner and more climate resilient growth through technological changes and institutional, regulatory, and policy reforms. The analysis includes case studies at the city level, including the Greater Dhaka area and other cities of various sizes. Based on the analysis in this assessment, priorities for reform and investment should include the following: (i) enhancing environmental policy and institutions at the national level; (ii) enhancing environmental management at the local/ city level; (iii) strengthening the enforcement and accountability regime; (iv) leveraging market-based instruments to protect the environment and unlock green financing; (v) promoting resource-efficient and cleaner production as a tool for reconciling environmental performance with competitiveness; (vi) harnessing the power of public pressure.

The soil physico-chemical properties have been disturbed due to long continued intensive agricultural practices. Under this situation we are approaching rapidly to a very strong future challenge in sustaining the quality of our soil. This study was conducted to evaluate the physico-chemical properties of the selected soil series. The area covered Mymensingh and Jamalpur districts of Bangladesh. Soil samples were collected randomly from different profiles of Lokdeo, Tarakanda, Silmondi and Melandah soil series during March-May, 2014 and analysed. All soils were acidic and textural classes were sandy loam, silt loam, loam, and clay loam. Organic matter and total N contents low to very low. Available S content in the upper layers of most soils were medium to optimum and in the deeper layer low to medium. The exchangeable K, Ca and Na contents were also low. The upper layers of all the locations contained higher amounts of available Zn. The available Cu and Fe contents of most soils were very high. The soils of all locations contained very high amount of available Mn except the deeper layers (45-75 cm) of Melandah which contained optimum amount of available Mn. Soil pH showed negative correlation with total N and available S. Total N showed positive correlation with soil OM, available Cu and available S. There was positive correlation between available S and available Mn.

Malnutrition is the most common nutritional disorders in the developing countries like Bangladesh. The most vulnerable groups of population to malnutrition are under-5 children, pregnant women and lactating mother. This study makes an attempt to investigate the nutritional status of pregnant women and to correlate different factors with pregnancy. The cross-sectional study was followed to determine nutritional status by anthropometric and biochemical assessment as well as clinical appearance. The obtaining result of all assessments was compared with standard data (NCHS & UNHCR/WFP). A total of 380 pregnant women were randomly selected from health care centers (governments and non-governments) in the Mymensingh district of Bangladesh from early June 2007 to January 2008. The result of research showed that 30.52% severely malnourished, 36.57% moderately malnourished, and 23.15% well nourished and 9.73% were overnourished by calculating weight gain during different stages of pregnancy. By using Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) 28.94%, 35%, 25.26% and 10.78% of pregnant women were found severely malnourished, moderately malnourished, well nourished and overnourished respectively. It observed that the prevalence of nutritional status to pregnant women were found 29.69% severely malnourished, 34.39% moderately malnourished, 26.36% well nourished and 9.56% over nourished by observing the clinical appearance. In average it showed that 29.71% were severely malnourished, 35.32% were moderately malnourished, 24.92% were well nourished and 10.02% were overnourished. By estimating hemoglobin (Hb) level during pregnancy it obtained that 5.52% severely anemic, 61.84% moderately anemic, 18.15% mildly anemic and 14.47% of pregnant women were nonanemic. In my study, 12.63% of pregnant women were under 18 years old while 50% were severely malnourished and 30.4% were malnourished. It found that the primary education levels were 16.57% and total monthly family incomes of 16.57% of pregnant women were below Tk. 5000. Most of them (73.66%) were malnourished because of those stated reasons. In Mymensingh district, the major responsible factors were younger marriage, frequent birth, illiteracy, poverty, misconceptions, food taboos, lack of nutritional knowledge, geographical location (hill tract region) etc. The data obtained from my study is very much alarming and need to address by governments and nongovernmental organization.

In generally, fish hatchery and nursery owners having both hatchery and nursery facilities were financially stronger, well-educated and well-trained than only nursery ponds owners in Mymensingh aquaculture region. On the other hand, only nursery pond owners were more experienced in fish seed business than only hatchery owners. Most of the owners were satisfied with existing communication facilities. Lack of technical knowledge was one of the major constraints which could be solved by ensuring proper training. This business can be made more profitable providing loan to poor farmers and improving law and order situation.

An experiment was carried out for a period of six months during October 2008 to March 2009 to investigate the health status of a snakehead, Channa punctatus through clinical and histopathological technique. Fish were collected from two fish markets of Mymensingh district. Clinically and histopathologically, it was observed that fishes from both the markets were healthy in October and March but moderately affected in November and February. In the months of December and January, 7.5- 8% of the fishes were affected clinically and showing various clinical signs like, discolouration, deep ulcer, ill health, scale loss and rough skin. Histopathologically, in the month of December and January, major observed pathologies of skin and muscle were necrosis, vacuums, fungal granuloma and loss of dermis. Gills were affected having parasitic cysts, monogenetic trematode, clubbing, loss of primary and secondary gill lamellae, hemorrhage, necrosis and hypertrophy. Vacuoles, pyknosis, hepatic necrosis, hemorrhages and fungal granuloma were observed in liver. Renal pathology included necrosis and pyknosis of kidney tubules, hemorrhages, presence of bacterial colony and vacuoles. From present findings, it was found that, fishes from urban market were more affected with diseases than pre-urban market especially in the months of December and January when compared with other months. From overall observation, C. punctatus were severely affected by epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS), dactylogyrosis, protozoan and bacterial diseases during colder months of the year.

During the investigation of parasites of indigenous fishes from different water bodies of Mymensingh, four helminth parasites belonging to Monogenea, Digenea and Cestoda were recovered. The mono geneans-Ancylodiscoides mystusi and Ancylodiscoides aori from Mystus aor, the digenetic trematode- Bucephalopsis karvei from Xenentodon cancila and the cestode- Proteocephalus sp. were collected from Mystus aor. The worms were studied morphologically and systematically for their identification. Though these monogenetic.and digenetic trematodes were reported earliar in other country from the host mentioned, recorded from the first time from Bangladesh waters, indicating their host specificity beyond the geographical area. Record of Proteocephalus sp. is also the first report frc ii Bangladesh water.

Investigation on infestations of monogenetic trematodes of juvenile carp fishes of different nurseries of Mymensingh region was conducted during November 2002 to February 2004. Five government farms and five private farrri, were investigated for this purpose. Juveniles of commonly cultured species of Indian major carps- 'Labe° rohita, Cirrhinus mrigala, Catla catla and Labeo gonia; exotic carps- Hypophihalmichthys molitrix, Cyprinus carpio, Ctenopharyngodon idella, Aristicthys nobilis and Barbodes gonionotus were examined for parasitic infestation. The infestations were found in both Indian and exotic juvenile carps in government as well as private farms. Prevalence (/o), intensity and abundance were found to be species specific and also varied with seasons and management systems (government or private) practised in different farms. The highest prevalence and mean intensity were found in C. mrigala and the lowest in H. molitrix. The prevalence in Indian juvenile carps was significantly (p

Investigation on monogenetic trematode parasites of Mystus vittatus, Ailia coila, and Esomus danricus from different water bodies of Mymensingh was done. During the study period (March 2002 — February 2003) six species of monogenean flukes were recovered. Morphology and systematics of these parasites were recorded and described. Among them Bifurcohaptor inidicus Jain, 1958; Cornudiscoides proximus Gussev, 1976; Silurodiscoides parvulus Gussev, 1976 and Gyrodactylus sp. were collected from. Mystus vittatus;. Sprostonia asiatica Jain, 1959 from Ailia coila and Ancyrocephalus chakrabartii were collected from Esomus danricus. These parasites are the first record from Bangladesh water except Bifurcohaptor indicus Jain, 1958. In general, the highest prevalence (87.5%) and mean intensity (17.86) were found in Mystus vittatus and the lowest prevalence (31.82%) and mean intensity (6.5) were recorded in Ailia coda.

This study examines the relative profitability of rice-fish culture and rice mono-crop production at Gouripur thana of Mymensingh district. The results of the study show that the rice-fish farming was economically more rewarding than the rice mono-crop farming, although both the farming activities were found profitable over cash as well as full costs. In addition to extra earnings from fish, the rice-fish farming produced significantly a higher yield of rice requiring very minimum extra cost for fish. Rice-fish farming also reduced variability in yield of and return from rice.

Growth and mortality rate of Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus) under five different dietary conditions were studied in fifteen floating net cages in ponds of the Bangladesh Agricultural University Campus, Mymensingh. Growth rate was found to vary under different dietary conditions. The feed with mixture of 25% rice bran, 5% wheat bran, 30% linseed oil cake and 40% water hyacinth leaf meal exhibited the highest growth rate. The gain of log of body weight per unit increase of log of total length was significant. Significant survivals of the fishes were found.

This article 'Seasonal Stem Borer (Sb) Population Fluctuations in Mymensingh, Bangladesh' appeared in the International Rice Research Newsletter series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The primary objective of this publication was to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and for rice based cropping systems. This publication will report what scientists are doing to increase the production of rice in as much as this crop feeds the most densely populated and land scarce nations in the world.

This article 'Rice Thrips in Mymensingh, Bangladesh' appeared in the International Rice Research Newsletter series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The primary objective of this publication was to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and for rice based cropping systems. This publication will report what scientists are doing to increase the production of rice in as much as this crop feeds the most densely populated and land scarce nations in the world.