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Background Little has been done to comprehensively study the relationships between multiple well-being constructs at a time. Even less is known about whether child maltreatment and major depressive disorder (MDD) impact different well-being constructs. This study aims to examine whether maltreated or depressed individuals have specific impacts on well-being structures. Methods Data analyzed were from the Montreal South-West Longitudinal Catchment Area Study (N = 1380). The potential confounding of age and sex was controlled by propensity score matching. We used network analysis to assess the impact of maltreatment and MDD on well-being. The centrality of nodes was estimated with the ‘strength’ index and a case-dropping bootstrap procedure was used to test network stability. Differences in the structure and connectivity of networks between different studied groups were also examined. Results Autonomy and daily life and social relations were the most central nodes for the MDD and maltreated groups [MDD group: strength coefficient (SC) autonomy = 1.50; SCdaily life and social relations = 1.34; maltreated group: SCautonomy = 1.69; SCdaily life and social relations = 1.55]. Both maltreatment and MDD groups had statistical differences in terms of the global strength of interconnectivity in their networks. Network invariance differed between with and without MDD groups indicating different structures of their networks. The non-maltreatment and MDD group had the highest level of overall connectivity. Conclusions We discovered distinct connectivity patterns of well-being outcomes in maltreatment and MDD groups. The identified core constructs could serve as potential targets to maximize the effectiveness of clinical management of MDD and also advance prevention to minimize the sequelae of maltreatment.

Aquaculture has tremendous economic significance in distinguishing males and females in the juvenile Silurus asotus (Linnaeus, 1758) to obtain a female population with tremendous growth potential. To investigate the potential biological markers between young males and females S. asotus, we analyzed the characteristics of sexual dimorphism by measuring the 14 length traits and 9 weight indicators in an artificial insemination population at 3, 5, and 7 months. In addition, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to determine the sexually dimorphic expression of the growth hormone-1 gene (GH-1), growth hormone receptor gene (GHR), and insulin-like growth factor gene (IGF-1) in the hypothalamus, pituitary, gonad, and liver, at 3, 5, and 7 months. The results showed that in morphology, except for eye diameter and the distance between the pelvic and anal fins in 3-month fish, all other morphological indicators were significantly ( P < 0.05 ) or very significantly ( P < 0.01 ) different between juvenile males and females. The visceral weight, eviscerated weight, and intestine weight in females were significantly ( P < 0.05 ) or very significantly ( P < 0.01 ) higher than in males at 5 and 7 months. Joint static allometric analyses on 14 length indicators relative to weight showed different sex growth patterns in 3-month, 5-month, and 7-month fish. In gene expression patterns, GH-1, IGF-1, and GHR were highly expressed in the pituitary, with higher levels in females ( P < 0.05 or P < 0.01 ). In contrast, the three genes were all more highly expressed in the testis than in the ovary ( P < 0.01 ), indicating their essential roles in testis development. Our results demonstrate that S. asotus has female-biased sexual dimorphism. The length traits related to head shapes could be the potential phenotype marker to distinguish females and males in 7-month juveniles.

The comorbidity of psychiatric disorders and Internet addiction (IA) has been widely documented. However, changes and instability of the comorbidity between negative emotional symptoms and IA over time are not fully understood.A sample of 453 first-year senior high school students completed all measures three times across one-year period and were included in the current study. The sample consisted of 163 (36.0%) males and 290 (64.0%) females. At the baseline, the mean age of the participants was 15.07 ± 0.46 (range: 12-16) years old. Latent class analysis was used to identify the latent class pattern. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was utilized to examine the association between covariates and latent classes at baseline. Latent transition analysis was applied to explore the changes in latent classes of individuals over time.Three subgroups of negative emotional symptoms, IA and their comorbidity were identified at all the three time points. Being Internet gamers, high average time of Internet use every day, peer exclusion, verbal and physical bullying experience, and poor self-rated health were found to be significant predictors of the high comorbidity symptom. Students were more likely to remain the same class rather than moving between the latent classes across time.A better understanding of change characteristics in latent classes across time contributes to confirm an appropriate time for intervention targeted on students who converted from low symptom class to the high class.

Cardiac blood cysts (BCs) are rare benign cardiac masses. This study aimed to summarize the clinical and echocardiographic characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients with BCs.This retrospective study enrolled patients diagnosed with BC between 2009 and 2021 at a single center in China. Their clinical and echocardiographic characteristics, management, and outcomes at follow-up are summarized.The study population comprised 26 patients with BCs with a mean age of 40 ± 19 years (median, 42 years; range, 27-56 years). The cohort was predominantly male (16, 62%). Twenty-two (81%) patients were symptomatic: dyspnea or exertional dyspnea (11, 42%) and palpitations (6, 23%) were the most frequent symptoms. Most cysts appeared as single round, oval, or lobulated anechoic masses, measuring 4-30 mm (mean, 18 mm). Half of the BCs (13, 50%) were pedunculated and mobile, and the others swung with the movement of the valve. The mitral valve (13, 50%) was the most common site of occurrence, followed by the tricuspid valve (6, 23%), right atrium (4, 15%), and aortic valve (3, 12%). Contrast echocardiography, which was performed for two patients, revealed a closed cyst without bubbles. Five cases were complicated by left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and six by valve prolapse. Eighteen patients underwent surgery, and one received antiplatelet therapy. Cardiovascular or cerebrovascular events did not occur in any patient during the follow-up period.Cardiac BCs are most commonly attached to the atrioventricular valve. Echocardiography is considered to be the most useful imaging modality for assessing BC. The management of patients with BC should be individualized based on the symptoms and associated complications.

The role of psychosocial stressors in psychiatric disorders and executive dysfunction has been reported, separately. The literature has also suggested the involvement of social support and coping strategies in these relationships. However, there is a lack of research conducted to examine the relationships among multiple stressors and neuropsychiatric comorbidities while considering the presence of social support and coping strategies. This study aims to articulate the roles of multiple psychosocial stressors, social support, and coping strategies in the subsequent occurrence of neuropsychiatric comorbidities.Data analyzed were from the 6th data collection of a large-scale, longitudinal population-based cohort from Southwest Montreal in Canada. The cumulative effects of multiple stressors were separately examined by a composite score and latent profile analysis. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to test the relationship between cumulative stressors and neuropsychiatric comorbidities.A total of 210 participants were included in the analyses. The LPA identified a 2-class model for psychosocial stressors (low and high) and executive function (executive dysfunction and no executive dysfunction), respectively. There were 11.8% of participants with neuropsychiatric comorbidities. Both the composite stress score (RR = 1.08, 95%CI = 1.01-1.15) and latent stress groups (RR = 3.65, 95%CI = 1.15-11.57) were associated with neuropsychiatric comorbidities after adjusting for social support and coping strategies. The risk of developing neuropsychiatric comorbidities decreased when the level of social support was high (P 0.05).Exposures to multiple stressors increased the risk of subsequent neuropsychiatric comorbidities, but the risk can be modified by a higher level of social support.

The isomerization of xylose to xylulose is considered the most promising approach to initiate xylose bioconversion. Here, phylogeny-guided big data mining, rational modification, and ancestral sequence reconstruction strategies were implemented to explore new active xylose isomerases (XIs) for Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Significantly, 13 new active XIs for S. cerevisiae were mined or artificially created. Moreover, the importance of the amino-terminal fragment for maintaining basic XI activity was demonstrated. With the mined XIs, four efficient xylose-utilizing S. cerevisiae were constructed and evolved, among which the strain S. cerevisiae CRD5HS contributed to ethanol titers as high as 85.95 and 94.76 g/liter from pretreated corn stover and corn cob, respectively, without detoxifying or washing pretreated biomass. Potential genetic targets obtained from adaptive laboratory evolution were further analyzed by sequencing the high-performance strains. The combined XI mining methods described here provide practical references for mining other scarce and valuable enzymes.

In 2015, China Supreme People’s Court for the first time issued a judicial interpretation on civil procedure. In order to address the persistent problem of repeated prosecution of parties abusing their litigation rights in civil proceedings, the court makes provision for repeated prosecutions, so that it can be followed during trials. Undeniably, this judicial interpretation has filled the gaps in the law, but there are still some problems in its application. At present, Article 247 of The Judicial Interpretation of Civil Procedure Law stipulates that the standard of repeated prosecution should be “two same” or “three same.” However, if only a formal review is conducted, the system will be discredited, and if it is subject to substantive review, it may lead to inconsistent judicial decisions in different places; therefore, it is disadvantageous to judicial authority and the understanding and application of the basic system of civil action. In view of this, it is necessary for us to examine whether this constitutes a repeated prosecution.

Employee counterproductive work behavior (ECWB) in the workplace has caused serious harm to the organization, and its recessive occurrence creates difficulty for the organization to guard against it. This study aims to explore the influence of high-performance work systems (HPWS) on the two sides of ECWB with employees and the internal influence path. It also aims to combine resource conservation and affective events theories to build an HPWS five-level model. It provides human resource management measures for enterprises to reduce and prevent the ECWB effectively. This study adopts a quantitative analysis method to conduct a questionnaire survey among employees in 366 enterprises in China. The results show that HPWS has a significant two-sided impact on ECWB. For employees with positive emotions, HPWS improved employee performance and inhibited ECWB. Meanwhile, for employees with negative emotions, HPWS reduces employees’ work input and increases employees’ counterproductive behaviors. For negative employees, the positive effect of HPWS is more significant than the negative effect of positive employees. In addition, organizational commitment has a moderating effect on the counterproductive behavior of negative employees. Therefore, when implementing HPWS, enterprises should consider the impact of both sides of HPWS on ECWB and adopt a more humane management method. In this study, a practical five-level HPWS model is constructed, which complements the existing research model and provides a theoretical basis and practical guidance for enterprises to scientifically and effectively promote employees to achieve high performance.

In our work, a novel processing strategy for the continuous fabrication and surface modification of wires from Magnesium alloy WE43 by means of plasma-electrolytic oxidation (PEO) is presented. In the first step, wires with a strong basal texture and small grain size ($\approx$ 1 $\mu$m) were manufactured by combined cold drawing and in-line stress-relief heat treatment steps that optimized the mechanical properties (in terms of strength and ductility) by means of annealing. In a second step, and to the best of our knowledge for the first time ever, the wires were continuously surface-modified with a novel plasma electrolytic oxidation process, which was able to create a homogeneous porous oxide layer made of MgO and Mg$_3$(PO4)$_2$ on the wire surface. While the oxide layer slightly diminished the tensile properties, the strength of the surface-modified wires could be maintained close to 300 MPa with a strain-to-failure $\approx$ 8\%. Furthermore, the thickness of the oxide layer could be controlled by immersion time within the electrolytic bath and was adjusted to realize a thicknesses of $\approx$ 8 $\mu$m, which could be obtained in $

As a major part of global development governance, G20 countries ' carbon emissions account for 80 % of global carbon emissions. In order to achieve the "carbon neutrality" goal proposed by the United Nations, it is important to compare and analyze the driving factors of carbon emissions in G20 countries and provide suggestions for their carbon elimination. Based on the carbon emission input-output data of seventeen countries out of G20 in the EORA database, this paper compares the driving factors of carbon emissions between the countries from 1990 to 2016 using the weighted average structural decomposition and K-mean model. This paper focus on four driving factors including carbon emission intensity, final demand structure, export structure and production structure. The carbon emission intensity and final demand structure are the main factors of carbon emission reduction and the other two factors have little effect. In G20 countries, Italy was in the first category because it does best on the final demand structure factor, however Australia is in the last category because it does not make full use of four factors. Therefore, the development of energy-saving technologies and adjustment of demand structure has become an important means for countries to transform and achieve carbon neutrality.

As simple and ubiquitous redox-active organic molecules, quinones participate in diverse electron transfer processes in chemistry and biological systems for energy transformation and signal transduction. We introduce here a practical exercise to study the redox potentials of benzoquinone and its two derivatives by combining the electrochemistry method with quantum chemistry computation. The practical reduction potentials of three quinones were measured by cyclic voltammetry experiment. Quantum chemistry computation, on the other hand, provided theoretical Gibbs free energy change and reduction potentials of the three quinones, which were found to be in line with the experimental results. Detailed thermodynamic energy analysis based on the computation results revealed that the reduction Gibbs free energy changes of the three quinones were mainly contributed from the electronic energies change of the molecules, while thermal energy and entropy played a relatively minor role. The energy levels of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of the three quinones, which were modulated by substituent groups and conjugation structures, were further identified as the main origin of the reduction potential. This experiment provides practical and theoretical training on the fundamental ideas involved in major courses like thermodynamics, quantum chemistry, electrochemistry, and organic chemistry, and promotes students to find the tie between macroscopic redox properties of chemicals and their microscopic molecular structures, a key topic in chemistry education.

BackgroundMetacaspases are multifunctional proteins found in plants, fungi and protozoa, and are involved in processes such as insoluble protein aggregate clearance and cell proliferation. Our previous study demonstrated that metacaspase-1 (MCA1) contributes to parasite apoptosis inToxoplasma gondii. Deletion of MCA1 fromT. gondiihas no effect on the growth and virulence of the parasites. Three metacaspases were identified in the ToxoDBToxoplasmaInformatics Resource, and the function of metacaspase-2 (MCA2) and metacaspase-3 (MCA3) has not been demonstrated.MethodsIn this study, we constructed MCA1, MCA2 and MCA1/MCA2 transgenic strains from RHΔku80 (Δku80), including overexpressing strains and knockout strains, to clarify the function of MCA1 and MCA2 ofT. gondii.ResultsMCA1 and MCA2 were distributed in the cytoplasm with punctuated aggregation, and part of the punctuated aggregation of MCA1 and MCA2 was localized on the inner membrane complex ofT. gondii. The proliferation of the MCA1/MCA2 double-knockout strain was significantly reduced; however, the two single knockout strains (MCA1 knockout strain and MCA2 knockout strain) exhibited normal growth rates as compared to the parental strain, Δku80. In addition, endodyogeny was impaired in the tachyzoites whose MCA1 and MCA2 were both deleted due to multiple nuclei and abnormal expression of IMC1. We further found that IMC1 of the double-knockout strain was detergent-soluble, indicating that MCA1 and MCA2 are associated with IMC1 maturation. Compared to the parental Δku80 strain, the double-knockout strain was more readily induced from tachyzoites to bradyzoites in vitro. Furthermore, the double-knockout strain was less pathogenic in mice and was able to develop bradyzoites in the brain, which formed cysts and established chronic infection.ConclusionMCA1 and MCA2 are important factors which participate in IMC1 maturation and endodyogeny ofT. gondii. The double-knockout strain has slower proliferation and was able to develop bradyzoites both in vitro and in vivo.Graphic abstract

China is a country dominated by agriculture, but due to its geographical reasons, the western Liaoning region has caused sandstorms, and the desertified soil has reduced crop yields and suppressed the agricultural economy. Therefore, the concept of ecological agriculture and the agroforestry system received extensive attention. Arachis hypogaea are the main crop in the north of China. At present, the research on peanuts mainly focuses on grain crop intercropping, and there is limited research on the agroforestry of peanuts. In addition, Morus alba is a restorative plant emerging in China in recent years, which takes into account both ecological and economic benefits. Based on the above problems, we intercropped mulberry and peanut to explore their effects on farmland soil characteristics and rhizosphere soil bacterial and fungal communities. Our study showed that intercropping did not improve soil nutrients, but significantly reduced soil C:N, and reduced soil C:P and N:P to some extent. Intercropping improves the diversity and richness of soil microorganisms in farmland. The abundance of dominant bacterial and fungal phyla and genera increased in the soil. Actinobacteria were significantly negatively correlated with N:P, Proteobacteria was negatively correlated with TP and positively correlated with N:P., Ascomycota was positively correlated with soil nutrients and C:N, while Basidiomycota and Mortierellomycota were negatively correlated; Mycobacterium and RB41 were significantly correlated with phosphorus in soil, and Talaromyces were significantly positively correlated with soil nutrients and C:N. In conclusion, mulberry and peanut intercropping promoted soil humus, increased soil-available phosphorus content, and provided a good environment for microbial growth. These results provide new ideas for peanut agroforestry production and theoretical support for the construction of mulberry and peanut composite systems in Northeast China.

This study aimed to articulate the roles of social support and coping strategies in the relation between childhood maltreatment (CM) and subsequent major depressive disorder (MDD) with a comprehensive exploration of potential factors in a longitudinal community-based cohort. Parallel and serial mediation analyses were applied to estimate the direct effect (DE) (from CM to MDD) and indirect effects (from CM to MDD through social support and coping strategies, simultaneously and sequentially). Sociodemographic characteristics and genetic predispositions of MDD were considered in the modeling process. A total of 902 participants were included in the analyses. CM was significantly associated with MDD (DE coefficient (β) = 0.015, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.002∼0.028). This relation was partially mediated by social support (indirect β = 0.004, 95% CI = 0.0001∼0.008) and negative coping (indirect β = 0.013, 95% CI = 0.008∼0.020), respectively. Social support, positive coping, and negative coping also influenced each other and collectively mediated the association between CM and MDD. This study provides robust evidence that although CM has a detrimental effect on later-on MDD, social support and coping strategies could be viable solutions to minimize the risk of MDD. Intervention and prevention programs should primarily focus on weakening negative coping strategies, then strengthening social support and positive coping strategies.

The C2H2 zinc finger gene cucoid establishes anterior-posterior (AP) polarity in the early embryo of culicine mosquitoes. This gene is unrelated to genes that establish embryo polarity in other fly species (Diptera), such as the homeobox gene bicoid, which serves this function in the traditional model organism Drosophila melanogaster. The cucoid gene is a conserved single copy gene across lower dipterans but nothing is known about its function in other species, and its evolution in higher dipterans, including Drosophila, is unresolved. We found that cucoid is a member of the ZAD-containing C2H2 zinc finger (ZAD-ZNF) gene family and is orthologous to 27 of the 91 members of this family in D. melanogaster, including M1BP, ranshi, ouib, nom, zaf1, odj, Nnk, trem, Zif, and eighteen uncharacterized genes. Available knowledge of the functions of cucoid orthologs in Drosophila melanogaster suggest that the progenitor of this lineage specific expansion may played a role in regulating chromatin. We also describe many aspects of the gene duplication history of cucoid in the brachyceran lineage of D. melanogaster, thereby providing a framework for predicting potential redundancies among these genes in D. melanogaster.

Uptake kinetics and delivery mechanisms of nanoparticles (NPs) in crop plants need to be urgently understood for the application of nanotechnology in agriculture as delivery systems for eco-friendly nanoagrochemicals. Here, we investigated the uptake kinetics, translocation pathway, and key internalization process of graphene in wheat (

Background/Aim: A transposition complex with an interrupted aortic arch (IAA) is rare and surgically challenging because of its anatomical diversity and complexity. Herein, we aimed to present our 20-year experience with one-stage arterial switch surgery associated with IAA repair. Methods: From January 2000 to April 2017, 11 patients were diagnosed with transposition complex and IAA and underwent one-stage repair at our center. These patients were retrospectively reviewed. Two patients had transposition of the great arteries, while the others had double outlet right ventricles, of whom eight had subpulmonary ventricular septal defects (Taussig-Bing anomalies), and one had a non-committed ventricular septal defect. In terms of the IAA, three patients underwent repair by extended end-to-end anastomosis, and one 16-mm prosthetic vascular graft was replaced in an elder patient. The remaining patients underwent autologous pericardial patch enlargement. All the variables were summarized and reported with descriptive statistics. Results: Three early deaths occurred in this study. The median follow-up time was approximately 5 years (range: 3 – 14 years). No late deaths were reported. Only one patient required percutaneous re-intervention for recurrent coarctation. Moderate aortic regurgitation was observed in three patients. However, there was no requirement for aortic valvuloplasty or valve replacement. One patient had more than moderate tricuspid regurgitation. The other survivors are presently healthy. Conclusions: Although one-stage repair for transposition complex and IAA still has non-negligible mortality even in older children, the late outcomes of survivors are acceptable. Owing to the high rate of valve regurgitation, closer follow-up is necessary for these patients.

Deconstructive functionalization of cyclic amines can provide access to chemicals with diverse skeletons. We report the conversion of tertiary amines to thiocarbamoyl fluorides, a reaction enabled by photoredox catalysis and tolerating different functional groups while avoiding strong oxidants. A one-pot synthetic method from tertiary amines and AgF has been developed to get access to trifluoromethylamines. The synthesized thiocarbamoyl fluorides can be further transferred into esters.

High-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) is a key factor affecting dough-processing quality. 1Sty13 is a novel HMW-GS found in the tetraploid species, Elymus sibiricus L. 1Sty13 has faster electrophoretic mobility than the 1Dy12 subunit on sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The gene encoding the 1Sty13 subunit was composed of 1803 nucleotide base pairs with an open reading frame that was 599 amino acids in length. Analysis of the predicted amino acid sequence of 1Sty13 indicated that the N-terminal domain was similar to the y-type subunit, whereas the C-terminal domains were similar to the x-type subunit. Five cysteine residues were found in 1Sty13, which is one less than the published HMW-GS in the St genome. The 1Sty13 protein was purified at a scale sufficient for incorporation into flour for the SDS sedimentation test, which indicated that incorporating 1Sty13 improved dough quality.