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Variations in diurnal preferences for activity and sleep have long been classified as morning and evening chronotypes. Although morning and evening-types do not differ in sleep architecture, earlier studies have revealed the association between eveningness and psychopathology. However, most of these works had been conducted only with patient samples. Additionally, previous research has also discovered that morning-types have a healthier lifestyle than evening-types. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the associations between chronotypes and general well-being and psychopathology levels in practically healthy young adults, whose physical and mental health were both examined precisely prior to the research, for the first time in the literature. We found that morning-type individuals have significantly better health conditions than evening-types. And, participants exhibiting a tendency to evening-type were more prone to develop psychological symptoms than subjects exhibiting morning-type chronobiological characteristics. Mental health professionals should be aware that eveningness may be a risk factor for mental and physical health even in currently well young adults.

Parlak ışık tedavisi duygudurumda kalkınmaya ve buna bağlı olarak depresif belirtilerde düzelmeyeyol açan, sirkadiyen ritimde düzenleyici etkisi olan, antidepresan ilaçların etkisini artıran ve uykukalitesinde düzelmeye yol açan bir tedavi şeklidir. Parlak ışık tedavisi mevsimsel özellikli depresyondayüksek yanıt oranları nedeniyle birinci sıra tedavi seçeneği olarak kabul edilir. Ayrıca parlakışık tedavisi mevsimsel olmayan duygudurum bozuklukları, Alzheimer hastalığı, sirkadiyen ritimuyku bozuklukları, yeme bozuklukları, dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu ve diğer davranışsaldurumlarda çalışılmıştır. Yan etkileri sıklıkla geçicidir ve genellikle maruziyet süresini azaltarakgiderilir. Bu yazıda parlak ışık tedavisinin etki mekanizmasını, etkinliğini, kullanım alanlarını,uygulama şeklini ve yan etkilerinin gözden geçirilmesi amaçlanmıştır., Bright light treatment is a treatment modality that leads elevation of mood by attenuation indepressive symptoms, regulation in circadian rhythm activity, increasing the effect of antidepressantsand amelioration in sleep quality. Bright light treatment is considered among the first-linetreatments for seasonal affective disorder because of high response rates. Additionally, bright lighttreatment being extended to other conditions, including non-seasonal mood disorders, Alzheimer’sdisease, circadian rhythm sleep disorders, eating disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorderand other behavioral syndromes is likely to have a far reached use. Side effects are often temporaryand can generally be overcome by reducing exposure time. The central focus on this paper is toreview mechanism of action, efficacy, usage areas, administration ways and side effects of lighttreatment.

To date, many variables but particularly trait-like psychological constructs have been found to strongly contribute to procrastination but the complex relations among these variables collectively have received almost no attention. The purpose of the study was to provide a more profound understanding of the relations between procrastination, perfectionism, big five personality, locus of control and self-esteem. Young adults (162 women, 80 men: M = 20.98) completed measures of academic procrastination, self-esteem, big five personality, perfectionism and locus of control. Parental criticism was a significant correlate of procrastination, while personality traits of conscientiousness, agreeableness and organisation were inversely associated with procrastination behaviour. These findings suggest that personality-based intervention approaches with the inclusion of family can be more influential in procrastination prevention and treatment.

The melatonin as the pineal gland's secretory product is implicated in the pathophysiology of migraine. Melatonin has critical functions in human physiology, and research underscores the importance of melatonin in circadian rhythm, sleep, and mood regulation. Clinical observations have indicated that migraine attacks have a seasonal, menstrual, and circadian timing, suggesting that chronobiological mechanisms and their alterations may causally involve in the etiology of the disease. However, the topic has received relatively little attention in the migraine literature. Associations between melatonin, circadian preference, sleep, and mood states were investigated in the current study. Fifty-five patients (47 females and 8 males) were compared to 57 gender and age-matched control subjects (40 females and 17 males). A socio-demographical questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Profile of Mood States (POMS), and Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire were administered to volunteers. Blood samples were taken from all participants at about 1:00 AM in an unlit room not to hamper melatonin secretion, and blood melatonin levels were measured using quantitative ELISA test. In comparison with controls, melatonin levels were significantly lower among migraine patients. Migraineurs reported significantly greater scores on the BAI, confusion-bewilderment subscale of the POMS, and total and sleep latency subscale of the PSQI. Migraine patients who had nausea during the migraine attacks and who reported bouts relevant to certain food consumption, such as cheese or chocolate, had significantly lower levels of melatonin. Contrarily, groups did not reveal statistically substantial difference in circadian preferences.

This review attests to the fact that the connections between sleep and developmental issues including cognitive, developmental and emotional domains in early-to-late childhood are more complex than as reflected in early writings. In the face of broad and multifaceted nature of the fact, this work is relatively concise in coverage. Research has indicated significant changes from birth to early-childhood in sleep characteristics in terms of sleep patterns and sleep duration. Children show significant variation in their sleep characteristics as a function of environmental conditions and internal factors such emotional states or physical conditions. The qualitative and quantitative changes in sleep patterns during the early-childhood appear to be occurring in consonant with developmental features and implicated in cognitive, behavioral and emotional development of child. Even though the number of studies in children and adolescents is scarce, the associations between trouble sleep and emotional dysregulation have consistently reported that persist from childhood into early- to mid-adolescence. This review addresses three topics with regards to the importance of sleep in the childhood: i) characteristics of sleep and alteration in these characteristics from infancy to early childhood including development of more complex structures resemble adult sleep and consolidation of sleep wake cycle accompanied by quantitative changes in daytime naps and nighttime sleep; ii) associations between sleep and developmental domains, particularly cognitive and emotional development; and iii) importance of healthy sleep habits and sleep hygiene. The empirical evidence and theoretical considerations within the literature are refined and discussed herein.

Objective. Seasonality is one of the most interesting but still elusive issue in suicide research. Linkages of seasonality in suicides to possible contributors such as gender, type of method used, and climatic factors have received attention in different cultures. We aimed at evaluating seasonal trends in suicidal behaviour according to demographic characteristics, reasons for self-destructive behaviour and means preferred in suicide. Methods. Our aim was to assess the seasonal variation in self-destructive behaviour in terms of completed and attempted suicides in a 3-year time period from 2008 to 2010 in Van, Turkey. A total of 1448 cases were registered over a 3-year time period in the city. Seasonal deviations in demographic characteristics, reasons for suicide, and methods of suicide were evaluated. Results. Seasonal distribution of both completed and attempted suicides by gender did not significantly deviate. On the other hand, we found a significant decline in self-destructive behaviours among those who were single and student in the spring. We found a peak in self-destructive behaviours in the autumn among Individuals who suffer from psychological problems. Conclusions. Subjects with psychological difficulties were more prone to commit suicide in autumn. Seasonal differences in methods of suicide used by suicidal subjects were not significant.

The predictive value of interpersonal schemas, perfectionism, and thought action-fusion in obsessive-compulsive disorder Objective: Cognitive vulnerability factors are central in the etiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Nosological classifications among symptom clusters have been developed to enable the understanding of possible mechanisms underlying obsessive compulsive symptoms. Previous researchers have emphasized that perfectionist attitudes and thought action-fusion link to increase in obsessive compulsive symptom severity in clinical and nonclinical samples. However, multi-dimensional relations between obsessive compulsive symptoms and vulnerability factors such as interpersonal schemas have received little attention. This study examined connections between cognitive vulnerability factors and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Method: The data collected from 263 university students. Associations between variables were analyzed by using structural equation modeling. Results: The results of the study indicated that dysfunctional interpersonal schemas were the most hazardous factors that predict perfectionist attitudes, thought action-fusion, and symptom severity in obsessive compulsive disorder. Washing and precision were the final manifestation symptoms mediated by checking. Maladaptive interpersonal schemas, perfectionist attitudes, and thought action-fusion were all vulnerability agents in the development of obsessive compulsive symptoms. Checking played a prominent role in exacerbation of obsessive –compulsive symptoms. Conclusion: Onset and maintenance of obsessive-compulsive disorder is a multidimensional process. Negativistic interpersonal beliefs seem to be an important risk factor. Findings are discussed in the light of current theoretical considerations.

Objective: The Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS) is a promising psychometric instrument with sound psychometric properties. In this study, we aimed to examine psychometric properties of the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations-Short Form (CISS-21) in a relatively large Turkish college sample. Method: 978 undergraduates participated in the study. Mean age of the sample was 20.33 (SD±3.17). 33.33 percent of the sample were males (n=326). In the study, the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations-Short Form (CISS-21), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWSL) were administered. To explore the validity of the psychometric instrument, confirmatory factor analysis and Pearson’s correlations of subscales with psychological variables were computed. Later, internal consistency and test-retest correlations between two applications were obtained 15-day apart to evaluate reliability of the instrument. Results: In the confirmatory factor analysis, three-factor structure model generated root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) value of 0.07, comparative fit index (CFI) value of 0.91, incremental fit index (IFI) value of 0.91, a non-normed fit index (NNFI) value of 0.90, and SMSR value of 0.08. Confirmatory factor analysis provided evidence for the validity of three-factor structure in Turkish sample. Internal consistency estimates for the three dimensions of the scale were as follows: for the Task-oriented coping, ?= 0.72; for the Emotion-oriented coping, ?= 0.77; and for the Avoidance-oriented coping, ?= 0.74. 15-day test-retest correlations for the sub-scales were as follows: for the Task-oriented coping, r= 0.79; for the Emotion-oriented coping, r= 0.75; and for the Avoidance-oriented coping, r= 0.66. Positive affect was significantly associated with Task-oriented coping (r= 0.36) and negative affect was significantly associated with Emotion-oriented coping (r= 0.44). Conclusion: Confirmatory factor analysis solution replicated the original three-factor structure of the CISS-21 in Turkish college sample. The scale is a valid and reliable instrument to be used in research purposes among Turkish sample.

Background Many patients who remit fully/partially or recover from an episode of major depression continue to suffer from sleep problems, mainly insomnia. Our study assesses the frequency and types of ongoing or re-emerging subjective insomnia symptoms and their relationship to subsequent depressive relapse or recurrence in a group of full/partial remitters or recoverers. Method Sixty patients, 18 to 65 years of age, with current MDD defined using DSM-IV-TR criteria were participated in the study. They began a 24-week course of open-label acute plus continuation phase treatment mainly with SSRIs. Maintenance treatment was not planned for not affecting natural relapse or recurrence rates. All participants were evaluated by CGI-S, BDI, HAMD-17, PSQI, and ISI at weeks 0, 4, 12, 24, and 52. Results Majority of the participants (83.33%) had subjective sleep disturbance, insomnia prior to relapse or recurrence. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to evaluate changes in scores of depression and sleep scales over time between recurred (N = 12) and non-recurred groups (N = 48). Differences between means were calculated with post hoc Bonferroni comparison test. The changes in scores of entire clinical scales over time between recurred and non-recurred groups were statistically significant. Limitations The limitations of this study include the use of a relatively small, mostly young female sample and the lack of an objective sleep measure to corroborate self-report scales. Conclusions Early recognition and treatment of disturbances of the sleep–wake cycle may be important for treatment and prevention of recurrence of depression.

Morning and evening-type individuals differ on a number of psychological and biological variables. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between sleep quality, dream anxiety, and chronotypes. A sample of 264 university students, aged between 17 and 26 years, completed the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and the Van Dream Anxiety Scale for assessing nightmare frequency and the dream anxiety caused by frightening dreams. Main findings indicated that evening-type individuals were significantly more likely to suffer from poor sleep quality, daytime dysfunction, nightmares, and nightmare-related disturbances as compared to either intermediate- or morning-type individuals. Previous studies have pointed out the possible connections of irregular sleep-wake habits and circadian dysregulation with a tendency to reveal eveningness chronotypical characteristics. Current findings suggest that evening-type individuals are more prone to experience psychologically deteriorating nightmares and sleep-related anxiety. Poor sleep quality is also a significant antecedent of dream anxiety after controlling for age and gender.

Population-based studies indicate the risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is greatest in the morning, during the initial hours of diurnal activity. The aim of this pilot study was to determine whether chronotype, i.e., morningness and eveningness, impacts AMI onset time. The sample comprised 63 morning- and 40 evening-type patients who were classified by the Horne-Ostberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) in the hospital after experiencing the AMI. The average wake-up and bed times of morning types were similar to 2 h earlier than evening types. Although the lag in time between waking up from nighttime sleep and AMI onset during the day did not differ between the two chronotypes, the actual clock-hour time of the peak in the 24-h AMI pattern did. The peak in AMI of morning types occurred between 06:01 and 12:00 h and that of the evening types between 12:01 and 18:00 h. Although the results of this small sample pilot study suggest one's chronotype influences the clock time of AMI onset, larger scale studies, which also include assessment of 24-h patterning of events in neither types, must be conducted before concluding the potential influence of chronotype on the timing of AMI onset. (Author correspondence: dryavuzselvi@yahoo.com).

Morning- and evening-type individuals differ on a number of psychological and biological variables. There has been increasing interest in the relationship between chronotype and personality traits. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between impulsivity and chronotype in suicide attempters. Eighty-nine suicide attempters were included in the study, and systematic information on suicide attempts was recorded. The Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire was applied to determine chronotype, and attempter impulsivity was measured by the total score of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale. Significant differences between chronotype and impulsivity scores were found. Evening-type subjects reported significantly higher impulsivity scores than both neither- and morning-types. A significant association between chronotype and type of suicide attempt was detected. The largest proportion of violent suicide attempters were evening-type subjects. Violent suicide attempters also reported significantly higher impulsivity scores than nonviolent attempters. Previous studies have pointed out possible relations between eveningness and impulsivity. Current findings suggest that eveningness may be a risk factor for violent suicide attempts by increasing impulsivity. (Author correspondence: dryavuzselvi@yahoo.com).

Research interest concerning associations between sleep characteristics and suicidality in psychopathology has been growing. However, possible linkages of suicidality to sleep characteristics in terms of sleep quality and chronotypes among depressive patients have not been well documented. In the current study, the authors investigated the possible effects of sleep quality and chronotype on the severity of depressive symptoms and suicide risk in patients with depressive disorder and healthy controls. The study was conducted on 80 patients clinically diagnosed with major depression and 80 healthy subjects who were demographically matched with the patient group. All participants completed a questionnaire package containing self-report measures, including the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), and Suicide Ideation Scale (SIS), and subjects were interviewed with the suicidality section of the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Results are as follows: (a) logistic regression analyses revealed that poor sleep quality and depression symptom severity significantly predicted onset of major depression; (b) morningness-type circadian rhythm may play as a significant relief factor after onset of major depression; (c) sleep variables of chronotype and sleep quality did not significantly predict suicide ideation after controlling for depressive symptoms in the major depression group; and (d) suicide ideation and poor sleep quality were antecedents of depression symptom severity in patients with major depression, and in healthy controls. Findings are discussed under the theoretical assumptions concerning possible relations between chronotype, sleep quality, depression, and suicidality. (Author correspondence: dryavuzselvi@yahoo.com).

Objective: Researches about associationsof perfectionism with poor psychological out comes have growing up. Miscellaneous classifications about perfectionism are suggested. In this study psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Perfectionistic Self-Presentation Scale which was developed in an aspect of interpersonal perfectionism model would be in main interest. Method: The sample was consisted of 271 undergraduate students. Volunteers have been administered the Perfectionistic Self-Presentation Scale (PSPS), the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ), and the Limitedness Schemas Questionnaire (LSQ). Convergent validity of the measure was evaluated by calculating Pearson correlations with psychological variables. Confirmatory factor analysis was utilized in order to assess the construct validity. Results: Original factor structure was fitted adequately to the current data. Inner consistency of the scale was α=0.80. The test retest correlation of the instrument between two points with fifteen days time interval was r=0.82. Pearson correlations between the PSPS scores and psychological variables were significant. Conclusion: The PSPS seems to be a valid and reliable construct among Turkish sample

Introduction: The Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R) is a widely used self-report instrument developed to overcome the problems with the available instruments. The aim of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the revised Obsessive Compulsive Inventory (OCI-R) in Turkish sample. Methods: The psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R) were assessed in clinical samples (n44 for patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and n44 for patients with major depression (MD) and a non-clinical student sample (n287). Results: The confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated that the original six-factor structure was valid in the Turkish sample. The overall and each of the subscales showed moderate to good internal consistency and convergent validity as well as test-retest reliability. However, the Cronbachs alpha was excessively low for the hoarding subscale in the OCD group. The total and subscale scores of the OCI-R satisfied at discriminating patients with OCD from both patients with MD and healthy controls, with an exception of the neutralizing subscale. Conclusion: The Turkish version of the OCI-R did not reveal sound psychometric properties. Findings are discussed in the light of current theoretical considerations., Giriş: Obsesif-Kompulsif Envanteri-Revize (OKE-R) varolan ölçme araçlarındaki sorunların üstesinden gelebilmek amacıyla geliştirilmiş yaygın olarak kullanılan bir öz değerlendirme aracıdır. Bu çalışmada, Obsesif-Kompulsif Envanterinin revize edilmiş formunun Türk örneklemindeki psikometrik özelliklerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Obsesif-Kompulsif Envanteri-Revizenin Türkçe formunun psikometrik özellikleri klinik örneklemlerde (obsesif-kompulsif bozukluk tanısı alan hastalarda n44 ve major depresyon tanısı alan hastalarda n44) ve klinik olmayan öğrenci örnekleminde (n287) ele alınmıştır. Bulgular: Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda orijinal altı faktörlü yapının Türk örnekleminde geçerli olduğu bulunmuştur. Ölçeğin tümü ve alt ölçekler için orta düzeyden yükseğe doğru değişen düzeylerde iç tutarlılık, birlikte geçerlik ve test tekrar test geçerliği değerleri elde edilmiştir. İstifleme alt ölçeği için obsesif kompulsif grupta çok düşük Cronbach alfa değeri elde edilmiştir. Nötürleştirme alt ölçeği dışında toplam puanların ve alt ölçeklerin genel olarak obsesif kompulsif bozukluğu olan hastaları sağlıklı kontrollerden ve major depresyon hastalarından başarıyla ayırt edebildiği görülmüştür. Sonuç: Obsesif-Kompulsif Envanteri-Revizenin Türkçe formu için yeterli psikometrik özellikler saptanmamıştır. Bulgular konuya ilişkin kuramsal tartışmaların ışığında ele alınmıştır.

INTRODUCTION There is a burgeoning interest in relations between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Although few studies were conducted, weak evidence was found supporting the hypothesis that ADHD may be a risk factor for the development of PTSD. In addition, there is a paucity of research addressing the relations between dissociation and ADHD. In this study, our aim was to examine the relations between PTSD and ADHD combined with the mediating effect of dissociative psychopathology. METHODS The participants were 317 undergraduate students, a greater proportion of whom experienced the 2011 Van earthquake (66%). The participants were administered the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale, Dissociative Experiences Scale, Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale, Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Anxiety Inventory. RESULTS We found that ADHD symptoms and dissociation were significantly associated with PTSD. Considering the multivariate relations between ADHD, PTSD and dissociation, significant associations between PTSD and ADHD resulted from symptom overlaps. However, pathological dissociation mediated the relations between PTSD and ADHD. CONCLUSION We concluded that ADHD comorbidity was not a predominant vulnerability factor for the development of post-traumatic stress response but may be an exacerbating factor after the development of PTSD.

The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the anxiety, depression and insomnia levels in the pre- and post-coronary angiography in patients undergoing elective coronary angiography due to suspected coronary artery disease. This prospective cross-sectional study consisted of 120 patients consecutively underwent coronary angiogram (CAG) between January and August 2014 in Departments of Cardiology. The mean age was 57.49 (SD +/- 9.73), and 58.3% of the sample were women. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Profile of Mood States Scale, Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Insomnia Severity Index were used. Patients were subsumed under 2 groups as normal and critical according to the presence or the absence of visually severe stenosis in at least one coronary artery. Subjects with significant stenosis had greater mean scores on depression-dejection and anger-hostility sub-scales of the POMS in the post-angiography than pre-angiography scores. We found that older age and having a physical illness significantly contributed to the risk of having significant stenosis in coronary vasculature. Subjects with severe coronary artery stenosis scored higher on depression-dejection and anger-hostility sub-scales at the post-angiography time period relative to pre-angiography scores. Trait and state anxiety levels were found to be moderate higher in both groups. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Researches have demonstrated that Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is one of the most common stress reactions in the face of disasters and significantly associated with a broad range of trauma-induced sequelaes including anxiety, depression, suicidality as well as functional impairments. To date, though many aspects of risk factors with respect to the development and maintenance of PTSD have been addressed, mediating role of dissociation has received relatively less attention. In the present study, we examined relations of PTSD with quality of life, hopelessness, suicidal ideation, and mediational effect of pathological dissociation in these connections. 583 subjects most of whom experienced a severe earthquake participated in the study after two years of the disaster. We found that being female, being single, earthquake exposure, and having greater suicidal ideation were significant predictors of PTSD symptom severity. Role-Physical, Bodily-Pain, General Health and Role-Emotional subscales of the SF-36 were inversely associated with PTSD symptom severity. Pathological dissociation significantly mediated the substantial associations between predictors and PTSD symptom clusters. Chronic dissociation appears to put trauma exposed individuals in jeopardy of prolonged posttraumatic reactions by mediating the negative influences of risk factors in the face of experienced earthquake. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Objective The effect of poor sleep quality on depressive symptoms has been consistently found. The aim of our study was to assess the heterogenity of sleep quality in relations between circadian preferences and depressive symptomatology among major depression patients. Method The sample was consisted of 225 patients with first diagnosis major depression. Mean age of the sample was 29.92 (SD±10.49). The patients completed a package of psychological instruments including the Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Beck Depression Inventory. The latent structure of sleep quality among first diagnose major depressive patients was examined by applying latent class analysis (LCA) to the seven components of the PSQI, using Mplus 4.01. We also examined the latent structure of sleep quality in conjunction with the MEQ and BDI scores. Results We found that evening-type depressive patients were more prone to report greater scores of subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, use of sleep medication and daytime dysfunction sub-scales of the PSQI. Direct effect of evening-type chronobiological preference was significantly linked to greater depression scores. Indirect effects of chronobiological characteristics through components of the PSQI were only significant for use of sleep medication and daytime dysfunction sub-scales of the PSQI (p Discussion These findings suggest that sleep quality in general operates and influences on depression in concert with chronobiological characteristics; however, the construct of sleep quality appear like to be heterogeneous in nature and is influential on severity of depression symptoms through distinct mechanisms among depressive patients.

WOS: 000353002600007 Objective: The Vancouver Obsessional Compulsive Inventory (VOCI) is a self-report inventory developed to assess a wide range of obsessive-compulsive symptoms, including contamination (12 items), checking (6 items), obsessions (12 items), hoarding (7 items), just right (12 items), and indecisiveness (6 items). The English version of the VOCI has been shown to be a promising psychometric instrument, as have its French, Italian, and Spanish versions. The aim of this study was to investigate psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the VOCI in clinical and non-clinical samples. Method: A questionnaire package including the VOCI, Padua Inventory-Revised (PI-R), Obsessional Beliefs Questionnaire (OBQ), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was administered to volunteer undergraduates (n=365) and patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) (n=46). Psychometric analyses were run to assess reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the VOCI. We converged a confirmatory factor analysis to test the factor structure. We also performed a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to determine cut-off scores and compared the diagnostic performance of the VOCI and PI-R. Convergent and discriminant validity of the VOCI were assessed through Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients. Internal consistency and temporal reliability were computed. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis replicated the original six-factor structure. The maximum likelihood factor loading estimates were higher than 0.40. OCD patients scored significantly higher than control subjects on the contamination, checking, obsessions, things just right, and indecisiveness subscales of the VOCI but not on the hoarding subscale. The global VOCI scores highly correlated with the PI-R (r=0.89); correlation between the contamination subscale of the VOCI and washing subscale of the PI-R was r=0.88; correlation between the checking subscales of both screening tools was r=0.83; correlation between the just right subscale of the VOCI and precision subscale of the PI-R was r=0.71; and correlation between the obsession subscale of the VOCI and rumination subscale of the PI-R was r=0.71. Divergent validity of the VOCI was also high, so that correlations of the total and subscales of the VOCI with the total and subscales of the PI-R were from r=0.25 to a high of r=0.41; therefore, it can be said that the coefficients ranged from weak to moderate. These correlation coefficients were indicative of good convergent and divergent validity. Internal consistency of the VOCI global was 0.97, and that of the VOCI subscales ranged between 0.82 and 0.92 in the overall sample. Cronbach's Alphas of the VOCI subscales in the OCD group were between 0.73 and 0.88, and in the control group between 0.84 and 0.92. Fifteen-day test-retest intra-correlations for total scores of the VOCI were 0.75; for the subscales they ranged from 0.68 up to 0.88. The ROC analysis demonstrated a moderate diagnostic performance for the VOCI cut-off score of 87.5 with a sensitivity of 0.74 and a specificity of 0.73 immediately comparable to the PI-R cut-off point of 67.5. Conclusion: The VOCI had good internal consistency, test-retest reliability, convergent and discriminant validity. It is concluded that the Turkish version of the VOCI has sound psychometric properties. Further studies are needed to develop psychometric tools with stronger diagnostic performance for OCD assessment.

WOS: 000388048000041 PubMed: 26421905 Objective: Of many instruments developed to assess Internet addiction, the Internet Addiction Test (IAT), an expanded version of the Internet Addiction Diagnostic Questionnaire (IADQ), has been the most widely used scale in English and non-English speaking populations. In this study, our aim was to investigate the psychometric properties of short and expanded versions of the IAT in a Turkish undergraduate sample. Method: Overall, 455 undergraduate students from Turkey aged between 18 and 30 participated in the study (63.53% were females). Explanatory and confirmatory factor analytic procedures investigated factor structures of the IADQ and IAT. The Internet Addiction Scale (IAS), Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS), Obsessive,Compulsive Inventory Revised (OCI-R) and Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) were administered to assess convergent and divergent validities of the IADQ and IAT. Internal consistency and 15-day test-retest reliability were computed. Results: In the factorial analytic investigation, we found a unidimensional factor structure for each measure fit the current data best. Significant but weak to moderate correlations of the IADQ and the IAT with the CISS, OCI-R and DES provided empirical evidence for divergent validity, whereas strong associations with the subscales of the IAS pointed to the convergent validity of Young's Internet addiction construct. Internal consistency of the IADQ was weak (alpha = 0.67) and of the IAT was high (alpha = 0.93). Temporal reliability of both instruments was very high (alpha = 0.81 and alpha = 0.87; respectively). Conclusion: The IAT revealed promising and sound psychometric properties in a Turkish sample. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Introduction: The current article addresses the validation of the construct of obsessional probabilistic inference in clinical and non-clinical samples. Obsessional probabilistic inference or obsessional doubt refers to a type of inferential process resulting in the belief that a state of affairs “maybe” causes development of a maladaptive cognitive coping style in terms of obsessing. Methods: The latent structure of the Obsessional Probabilistic Inference Scale (OPIS) was evaluated with confirmatory factor analysis. Results: Explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses indicated that a one-factor solution was satisfactory for the instrument, assessing a unidimensional psychological construct. The OPIS was shown to have high internal consistency in all samples, as well as temporal stability, relying on predominantly non-clinical individuals. The scale exhibited high convergent validity and successfully discriminated patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder from both depressive patients and controls. Conclusion: The findings replicated and extended the role of reasoning process in the development and maintenance of obsessive compulsive symptoms. The results are discussed in regard to assumptions of the inference-based approach to obsessive-compulsive disorder. (Archives of Neuropsychiatry 2014; 51: 355-362)

Objective. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive disorder that results in demyelinization of the nerve fibers of the central nervous system. We aimed to determine chronobiological and mood features in patients with MS. Methods. The sample comprised 75 patients with MS (54 women and 21 men) and 50 healthy individuals (38 women and 12 men). Sixty-three patients were relapsing - remitting MS and twelve patients had secondary progressive-type MS. Mood characteristics were assessed using subscales of the Profile of Mood States (POMS). Chronotypical characteristics were determined by the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ). Univariate and structural equation modeling was applied to untangle the possible connections between variables. Results. Both relapsing - remitting and secondary progressive patients scored higher on the depression - dejection and fatigue - inertia scales of the POMS than healthy individuals. Circadian preferences did not differ significantly between these groups. Patients using glatiramer acetate and other types of drugs had greater severity of functional impairment measured relative to interferon-beta treatment group. Glatiramer acetate had more negative effects on mood than interferon-beta therapy. This finding may be the result of significantly higher duration of disease and higher symptom severity scores in glatiramer acetate group. Conclusions. In the structural equation model, gender was found to be predictive for characteristics of mood.

Objective. There are limited comparative studies on classic and new-generation antihistamines that affect sleep quality and mood. The purpose of this study was to determine and compare the effects of classic and new-generation antihistamines on sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, dream anxiety, and mood. Methods. Ninety-two patients with chronic pruritus completed study in the dermatology outpatient clinic. Treatments with regular recommended therapeutic doses were administered. The effects of antihistaminic drugs on mood, daytime sleepiness, dream anxiety, and sleep quality were assessed on the first day and 1 month aft er. Results. Outpatients who received cetirizine and hydroxyzine treatments reported higher scores on the depression, anxiety, and fatigue sub-scales than those who received desloratadine, levocetirizine, and rupatadine. Pheniramine and rupatadine were found to be associated with daytime sleepiness and better sleep quality. UKU side effects scale scores were significantly elevated among outpatients receiving pheniramine. Classic antihistamines increased daytime sleepiness and decreased the sleep quality scores. New-generation antihistamines reduced sleep latency and dream anxiety, and increased daytime sleepiness and sleep quality. Conclusion. Both antihistamines, significantly increased daytime sleepiness and nocturnal sleep quality. Daytime sleepiness was significantly predicted by rupadatine and pheniramine treatment. Cetirizine and hydroxyzine, seem to have negative influences on mood states. Given the extensive use of antihistamines in clinical settings, these results should be more elaborately examined in further studies.

Shift work influences health, performance, activity, and social relationships, and it causes impairment in cognitive functions. In this study, we investigated the effects of shift work on participants' cognitive functions in terms of memory, attention, and learning, and we measured the effects on oxidative stress. Additionally, we investigated whether there were significant relationships between cognitive functions and whole blood oxidant/antioxidant status of participants. A total of 90 health care workers participated in the study, of whom 45 subjects were night-shift workers. Neuropsychological tests were administered to the participants to assess cognitive function, and blood samples were taken to detect total antioxidant capacity and total oxidant status at 08:00. Differences in anxiety, depression, and chronotype characteristics between shift work groups were not significant. Shift workers achieved significantly lower scores on verbal memory, attention concentration, and the digit span forward sub-scales of the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R), as well as on the immediate memory and total learning sub-scales of the Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT). Oxidative stress parameters were significantly associated with some types of cognitive function, including attention concentration, recognition, and long-term memory. These findings suggest that night shift work may result in significantly poorer cognitive performance, particularly working memory. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. Shift work influences health, performance, activity, and social relationships, and it causes impairment in cognitive functions. In this study, we investigated the effects of shift work on participants' cognitive functions in terms of memory, attention, and learning, and we measured the effects on oxidative stress. Additionally, we investigated whether there were significant relationships between cognitive functions and whole blood oxidant/antioxidant status of participants. A total of 90 health care workers participated in the study, of whom 45 subjects were night-shift workers. Neuropsychological tests were administered to the participants to assess cognitive function, and blood samples were taken to detect total antioxidant capacity and total oxidant status at 08:00. Differences in anxiety, depression, and chronotype characteristics between shift work groups were not significant. Shift workers achieved significantly lower scores on verbal memory, attention–concentration, and the digit span forward sub-scales of the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R), as well as on the immediate memory and total learning sub-scales of the Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT). Oxidative stress parameters were significantly associated with some types of cognitive function, including attention–concentration, recognition, and long-term memory. These findings suggest that night shift work may result in significantly poorer cognitive performance, particularly working memory.

It has been commonly recognized that circadian rhythm and sleep/wake cycle are causally involved in bipolar disorder. There has been a paucity of systematic research considering the relations between sleep and mood states in bipolar disorder. The current study examines the possible influences of sleep deprivation on mood states and endocrine functions among first-degree relatives of patients with bipolar disorder and healthy controls. Blood samples were taken at two time points in the consecutive mornings at predeprivation and postdeprivation periods. Participants simultaneously completed the Profiles of Mood States at two time points after giving blood samples. Plasma T3 and TSH levels increased after total sleep deprivation in both groups. Sleep deprivation induced TSH levels were reversely associated with depression-dejection among healthy controls. A paradoxical effect was defected for only the first-degree relatives of the patients that changes in plasma cortisol levels negatively linked to depression-dejection and anger-hostility scores after total sleep deprivation. Plasma DHEA levels became correlated with vigor-activity scores after sleep deprivation among first-degree relatives of bipolar patients. On the contrary, significant associations of depression-dejection, anger-hostility, and confusion-bewilderment with the baseline plasma DHEA levels became statistically trivial in the postdeprivation period. Findings suggested that first-degree relatives of patients with bipolar disorder had completely distinct characteristics with respect to sleep deprivation induced responses in terms of associations between endocrine Functions and mood states as compared to individuals whose relatives had no psychiatric problems. Considering the relationships between endocrine functions and mood states among relatives of the patients, it appears like sleep deprivation changes the receptor sensitivity which probably plays a pivotal role on mood outcomes among the first-degree relatives of patients with bipolar disorder. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

There has been a burgeoning literature considering the significant associations between obsessive-compulsive symptoms and dissociative experiences. In this study, the relationsips between dissociative symtomotology and dimensions of obsessive-compulsive symptoms were examined in homogeneous sub-groups obtained with latent class algorithm in an undergraduate Turkish sample.Latent profile analysis, a recently developed classification method based on latent class analysis, was applied to the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) item-response data from 2976 undergraduates. Differences in severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms, anxiety and depression across groups were evaluated by running multinomial logistic regression analyses. Associations between latent class probabilities and psychological variables in terms of obsessive-compulsive sub-types, anxiety, and depression were assessed by computing Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficients.The findings of the latent profile analysis supported further evidence for discontinuity model of dissociative experiences. The analysis empirically justified the distinction among three sub-groups based on the DES items. A marked proportion of the sample (42%) was assigned to the high dissociative class. In the further analyses, all sub-types of obsessive-compulsive symptoms significantly differed across latent classes. Regarding the relationships between obsessive-compulsive symptoms and dissociative symptomatology, low dissociation appeared to be a buffering factor dealing with obsessive-compulsive symptoms; whereas high dissociation appeared to be significantly associated with high levels of obsessive-compulsive symptoms.It is concluded that the concept of dissociation can be best understood in a typological approach that dissociative symptomatology not only exacerbates obsessive-compulsive symptoms but also serves as an adaptive coping mechanism.Obsesif-kompulsif belirtiler ve disosiyatif yaşantılar arasındaki manidar ilişkilere dair çalışmaların sayısı artmaktadır. Bu araştırmada üniversite öğrencilerinden oluşan bir Türk örnekleminde disosiyatif semptomotoloji ve obsesif-kompulsif belirtilerin alt boyutları arasındaki ilişkiler gizil sınıf analizi kullanılarak elde edilen homojen alt gruplarda incelenmiştir.2976 üniversite öğrencisinden elde edilen Disosiyatif Yaşantılar Ölçeği (DYÖ) maddelerinden oluşan veriye, gizil sınıf analizine dayalı son zamanlarda geliştirilen bir sınıflama yöntemi olarak gizil profil analizi uygulanmıştır. Obsesif-kompulsif belirtiler, anksiyete ve depresyon şiddeti bakımından gruplar arası farklar multinomial regresyon analizleriyle değerlendirilmiştir. Gizil sınıf olasılıklarının obsesif-kompulsif alt ölçekleri, anksiyete ve depresyonla olan ilişkisi Pearson momentler çarpımı korelasyon katsayıları hesaplanarak değerlendirilmiştir.Gizil profil analizi sonuçları disosiyasyon kavramına ilişkin süreksizlik modellerini destekleyici ek kanıtlar sunmuştur. DYÖ maddelerine göre yapılan analiz sonucunda üç alt grup arasında önemli farklılıklar olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Örneklemin önemli bir yüzdesi (%42) yüksek disosiyatif özellik gösteren sınıf içinde kümelenmiştir. Sonraki analizlerde obsesif-kompulsif belirtilerin gizil sınıflar arasında manidar düzeyde farklılaştığı görülmüştür. Obsessif-kompulsif belirtiler ve disosiyatif semptomotoloji arasındaki ilişkiler ele alındığında, düşük disosiyasyon düzeylerinin obsesif-kompulsif belirtilerle başa çıkmada tampon işlevi gördüğü halde yüksek disosiyasyonun artmış obsesif-kompulsif belirtilerle ilişkili olduğu gözlenmiştir.Araştırma sonucunda disosiyasyon kavramının en iyi tipolojik bir yaklaşım içinde açıklanabileceği, disosiyatif semptomotolojinin obsesif-kompulsif belirtilerdeki artışa neden olurken uyuma yönelik bir başa çıkma stratejisi olarak da işlev gördüğü sonucuna varılmıştır.

The Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R) is a widely used self-report instrument developed to overcome the problems with the available instruments. The aim of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the revised Obsessive Compulsive Inventory (OCI-R) in Turkish sample.The psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R) were assessed in clinical samples (n=44 for patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and n=44 for patients with major depression (MD) and a non-clinical student sample (n=287).The confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated that the original six-factor structure was valid in the Turkish sample. The overall and each of the subscales showed moderate to good internal consistency and convergent validity as well as test-retest reliability. However, the Cronbach's alpha was excessively low for the hoarding subscale in the OCD group. The total and subscale scores of the OCI-R satisfied at discriminating patients with OCD from both patients with MD and healthy controls, with an exception of the neutralizing subscale.The Turkish version of the OCI-R did not reveal sound psychometric properties. Findings are discussed in the light of current theoretical considerations.Obsesif-Kompulsif Envanteri-Revize (OKE-R) varolan ölçme araçlarındaki sorunların üstesinden gelebilmek amacıyla geliştirilmiş yaygın olarak kullanılan bir öz değerlendirme aracıdır. Bu çalışmada, Obsesif-Kompulsif Envanteri’nin revize edilmiş formunun Türk örneklemindeki psikometrik özelliklerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.Obsesif-Kompulsif Envanteri-Revize’nin Türkçe formunun psikometrik özellikleri klinik örneklemlerde (obsesif-kompulsif bozukluk tanısı alan hastalarda n=44 ve major depresyon tanısı alan hastalarda n=44) ve klinik olmayan öğrenci örnekleminde (n=287) ele alınmıştır.Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda orijinal altı faktörlü yapının Türk örnekleminde geçerli olduğu bulunmuştur. Ölçeğin tümü ve alt ölçekler için orta düzeyden yükseğe doğru değişen düzeylerde iç tutarlılık, birlikte geçerlik ve test tekrar test geçerliği değerleri elde edilmiştir. İstifleme alt ölçeği için obsesif kompulsif grupta çok düşük Cronbach alfa değeri elde edilmiştir. Nötürleştirme alt ölçeği dışında toplam puanların ve alt ölçeklerin genel olarak obsesif kompulsif bozukluğu olan hastaları sağlıklı kontrollerden ve major depresyon hastalarından başarıyla ayırt edebildiği görülmüştür.Obsesif-Kompulsif Envanteri-Revize’nin Türkçe formu için yeterli psikometrik özellikler saptanmamıştır. Bulgular konuya ilişkin kuramsal tartışmaların ışığında ele alınmıştır.

Objective. Previous studies have indicated that obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is associated with childhood traumatic experiences and higher levels of dissociation. Dissociative tendency may arise when individual attempt to incorporate adverse experiences into cognitive schema. Methods. We investigated the possible links among childhood trauma, dissociation, and cognitive processes. We evaluated 95 patients with OCD using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Thought-Action Fusion Scale (TAFS), Metacognitions Questionnaire (MCQ-30), White Bear Suppression Inventory (WBSI), Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES), and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-28). Results. The CTQ-28 total scores were not associated with Y-BOCS total, Y-BOCS insight, BDI, TAFS, MCQ-30, and WBSI scores. The TAFS Total, MCQ-30, WBSI, and BDI scores were significantly associated with DES scores. Regression analysis revealed that MCQ-30 and WBSI scores significantly predicted the DES scores. Conclusions. These results suggest that in spite of pathological connotation of dissociative experiences, dissociation may primarily constitute a cognitive trait which is strongly associated with cognitive processes.

Objective: The studies that address riskfactors of burnout syndrome make more emphasize on sleep quality as well as occupationalcharacteristics. The aim was to assess influenceof sleep quality on occupants’ burnout syndrome as occupational and demographical characteristics were taken into account. Method:Demographical questionnaire, Maslach BurnoutInventory and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Indexwere administered among 198 teachers workingin Van Centrum. Relations between occupational and demographical characteristics, sleepquality, and burnout syndrome were analyzedusing regression trees. Results: Subjectivesleep quality was substantially associated toEmotional Exhaustion and Depersonalization inwhich both represent stress related dimensionsof burnout syndrome. Personal Accomplishmentwas predicted by occupational characteristics.Conclusion: Sleep quality plays an importantrole on elevations of burnout scores. Interventions in order to improve occupants’ sleep quality will contribute to their work quality and prevent their psychological health

Objective Sleep hygiene can be described as practices to ease sleep and to avoid factors which decrease sleep quality. Inadequate sleep hygiene generally results in disturbance of daily life activities due to inability to sustain sleep quality and daytime wakefulness. The aim of the study was to assess psychometric properties of the Sleep Hygiene Index in clinical and non-clinical Turkish samples. Methods Data were collected from 106 patients with major depression and 200 were volunteers recruited from community sample who were enrolled at the university. The Sleep Hygiene Index (SHI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) were administered to the subjects. All depression patients and thirty-two healthy volunteers underwent a twenty-day test-retest procedure. Factor structure of the SHI was evaluated with explanatory and multi-sample confirmatory factor analyses. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients of the SHI with the PSQI, ISI and ESS were performed. Item analyses, internal consistency coefficients and intra-class correlations between two repeated applications in both patient and healthy subjects were calculated. Results Cronbach's alphas for the SHI in community sample and patients with major depression were 0.70 and 0.71, respectively. Scale scores had comparatively good temporal stability over a three-week time for either clinical or non-clinical samples. SHI had good internal reliability. Conclusion The findings of this present study suggest that the SHI may be a useful research or clinical assessment tool for evaluating sleep hygiene to guide case formulation, treatment planning in depression as well as nonclinical population.

Objective Individuals who differ markedly by chronotype, i.e., morning-type or evening-type, differ on a number of psychological, behavioral, and biological variables. Disruption in the usually integrated functions of consciousness, memory, identity and perception is definitional to dissociation, particularly pathological forms of dissociation. Dissociative experiences possess dream-like properties, which might be fueled by a labile sleep-wake cycle. Our study aimed to investigate the effects of individual biological rhythm differences on sleep quality and daytime sleepiness in conjunction with dissociative experiences. Method Participants were 372 undergraduates, ranged between 18 and 26 years of age, 61.6 % were females. The volunteers completed a package of psychological instruments including the Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire, Dissociative Experiences Scale, Insomnia Severity Index, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Results We performed mediation regression analysis of relations between dissociative symptomatology and chronobiological features mediated by insomnia and sleepiness. We run a multiple mediator model utilizing from the SPSS script in which we bootstrapped 5000 times. We found direct effect of the MEQ scores on the DES scores was not substantial. Direct effect of the MEQ on the ESS was not significant; whilst the direct association between the ESS and the DES was significant (β=0.79; p Discussion We found significant associations of pathological dissociation in terms of DES-taxon with insomnia and sleepiness.

We examined the reliability and validity of the 60-and 41-item versions of the Padua Inventory (PI and PI-R) which were developed to assess the frequency and severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms, in a Turkish population.The sample consisted of 43 OCD patients, 30 non-OCD patients with other anxiety disorders, 30 nonobsessional depressed patients, 76 healthy adults, and 181 undergraduate students. We investigated internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and factor structure, concurrent and discriminant validity.Psychometric analyses showed that both the original PI and PI-R had a high internal consistency and test-retest reliability. While principal factor analysis of the 41 items revealed six factors that are consistent with the PI-R, the factor structure of the original scale was not confirmed. All the subcales and total scores for both instruments were significantly correlated with the Yale-Brown scores except for the impulses subscale. There were significant differences between OCD patients and nonclinical samples in all total and subscale scores for both instruments. OCD patients scored significantly higher on the total, contamination/washing and checking subscales for both instruments than nonobsessional anxious, and depressed patients. While OCD patients scored significantly higher on the PI-R rumination scale than nonobsessional anxious patients, their PI impaired control subscale score was not different from that of the other clinical groups.The Turkish version of the PI has appropriate reliability and validity for assessing the frequency and severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms.

Introduction Sleep plays a vital role in both mental and physical functioning. Sleep disturbances are not only associated with psychiatric disorders, but also with many chronic physical conditions. Objective The aim of this report was to assess the frequency of poor sleep quality, daytime and dream anxiety and their response to subsequent surgical treatment for a representative group of 68 patients with nasal septum deviation. Methods Nasal airflows and airway resistances were measured employing rhinomanometry and the participants were also asked to fill in Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and Van Dream Anxiety Scale directly before the submucous resection without turbinectomy and two months later. Results Repeated measure analyses of variance models showed that patients reported significantly lower scores of poor sleep quality, daytime anxiety, and as well as dream anxiety after surgical treatment (p Conclusions Nasal septal surgery might have beneficial effects on sleep variables in patients with deviation.

Introduction The shift work has various negative influences on health, performance, activity, and social relationships as well as causing impairment in cognitive functions. Objective We aimed to investigate the effects of shift work on participants’ cognitive functions in terms of memory, attention and learning, and on oxidative stress indicated by total oxidant status, total antioxidant capacity, and oxidative stress index. Methods 90 health workers participated in the study (45 subjects were night shift workers). The neuropsychological tests were applied to the participants for assessing the cognitive functions and blood samples were taken to detect their total antioxidant capacity and total oxidant at 8.00 in the morning. Depression, anxiety, chronobiological characteristics, cognitive functions were assessed by using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Morningness- Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), Wechsler Memory Scale- Revised (WMS-R), Auditory-Verbal Learning Test (AVLT) and Stroop Test. Results Night shift workers reported significantly lower scores on the verbal memory, the attention-concentration, and the digit span forward sub-scales of the WMS-R as well as the immediate memory and the total learning sub-scales of the AVLT. Oxidative stress parameters were significantly associated with some types of the cognitive functions in both groups. Conclusion The findings suggest that health workers in night shift generally revealed significantly poorer performance in cognitive assessment as compared to day shift workers. The oxidative stress indicators associated with the cognitive functioning.

Introduction Unfortunately, many patients who remit fully or partially from an episode of major depression continue to have difficulty in achieving the recovery. Objectives Our study assesses the effect of some probable risk factors on the non-recovery in a group of major depressive patients. Methods Sixty patients, 18 to 65 years of age, with current major depressive disorder defined using DSM-IV-TR criteria were participated in the study. They began a 24-week course of open-label acute plus continuation phase treatment mainly with SSRIs, especially escitalopram. Maintenance treatment was not planned for not affecting the natural course. All participants were evaluated by CGI-S, BDI, HAMD-17, PSQI, and ISI at weeks 0, 4, 12, 24, and 52. Results Logistic regression analysis was done to predict the effect of some probable risk factors that obtained from 1st evaluation (at week 0) on the non-recovery (at week 52) and current age, number of previous episodes, age of first depressive episode, and episode type (first-episode versus double or chronic or recurrent) were found to be statistically significant. Conclusions Early recognition of the socio-demographic and clinical risk factors impairing the recovery process of the major depressive disorder may be important for developing an individualised treatment plan.

Background: Negative consequences of traumatic experiences, such as depression, anxiety, or dissociative symptoms, etc. have been reported by many researchers. However, it is proposed that stressful events not only lead to poor psychological outcomes but also may trigger positive changes. Several instruments gauging posttraumatic benefits have been developed to examine the effects of factors that may promote positive psychological outcomes in the aftermath of stressful events. The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) is one of the prominent instruments that assess posttraumatic positive changes. In this study we aimed to assess psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the PTGI. Method: This study differed to an extent from previous studies concerning the features of the PTGI. We used a dispositional form of the instrument in a sample recruited from high school and university students. Our data were collected from 723 volunteers. 367 subjects were males (50.76%) and 356 subjects were females (49.24%). Also we did not specify any selection criteria in recruiting subjects owing to their adverse life experiences with a presumption that stressful life events are not uncommon in normal population. We administered to participants a dispositional form of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory and the Personal View Survey-III. Item statistics for the measure were computed. We performed an explanatory factor analysis by using principal components with promax rotation and a confirmatory factor analysis by using structural equation modeling. Since the factor inter-correlations were higher than .40 we computed Schmid-Leiman transformation to obtain second-order general factor loadings. Inner consistencies and 15-day test-retest intracorrelations were calculated. Results: Item discrimination indexes ranged from .28 to .72. Promax rotated principal components analysis pointed out a three-factor structure. It was found in model testing with structural equation modeling that three-factor structure was valid for the Turkish version of the PTGI. After computing second-order factor loadings, we detected that general factor accounted for 64 percentage of the total variance. Three subscales of the measure were the Changes in Self-Perception, Changes in Philosophy of Life, and Changes in Relationship. Internal consistency for the Changes in Self-Perception subscale was 0.88, for the Changes in Philosophy of Life subscale was 0.78, for the Changes in Relationship was 0.77, and for the overall items was 0.92. 15-day test-retest intra-correlation for the composite scores was 0.83 and intra-correlations for the subscale scores ranged from 0.70 to 0.85. Conclusion: Turkish version of the measure revealed a three-factor first-order structure. However, it seems that the concept of posttraumatic benefits measured by the PTGI has a tendency to represent a unidimensional psychological construct in Turkish sample. Since the three-factor structure was validated, three-subscales may also be used to make an extensive assessment instead of composite scores. The PTGI is a valid and reliable measure to be used in research purposes among Turkish individuals. [TAF Prev Med Bull 2012; 11(5.000): 617-624]

The main objective of this study is to investigate the interrelation between life satisfaction, anxiety, depression, and hopelessness among Ankara University students. 364 university students completed a test battery including the Beck Depression Inventory, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, the Hopelessness Scale and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Life satisfaction was negatively and significantly correlated with the scores from depression, anxiety and hopelessness scales. The findings suggest that the relationship between developing a psychological problems is highly associated the perceived levels of anxiety, depression and life satisfaction. In addition life satisfaction can be taken into account as a moderator variable for mental health studies.

The aim of the study was to explore possible relations between academic procrastination, academic efficacy, self-efficacy, and severity of obsessive symptoms. Three cluster analyses were performed separately to classify the sample into heterogeneous subgroups due to academic self-efficacy, general self-efficacy, and academic procrastination. Regression analyses were performed in order to assess the relations of these variables with obsessive compulsive symptoms. Results have shown that obsessive-compulsive symptoms were linked to significant increase in academic procrastination, and decline in academic and general self-efficacy, but only in academically less competent subgroups. On the other hand, variations for the indicators of academic competence were regardless of severity of obsessive compulsive symptoms in participants reported high competence. Findings were discussed under empirical and theoretical considerations.

Multinomial logistic regression analysis is one of the analysis techniques which is used to examine relationships between independent and dependent variables when dependent variable including three or more category. In multinomial logistic regression analysis, any category of dependent variable is considered as reference category and other categories are analyzed with respect to this category. In this study “Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis” was introduced and an application was done. In the application trauma variable was considered as 4 categories [no abused (0), sexual abused (1), physical abused (2), sexual and physical abused (3)] and effects of other variables on trauma were examined. As a result, it can be noted that multinomial logistic regression analysis is applicable for response variable contains 3 or more categories. Ozet Multinomiyal logistik regresyon analizi, cevap degiskeninin uc veya daha fazla kategori icerdigi durumlarda; bu degisken ile aciklayici degiskenler (bagimsiz degiskenler) arasindaki iliskiyi belirlemede kullanilan yontemlerden birisidir. Multinomiyal logistik regresyon analizinde; cevap degiskeninin herhangi bir kategorisi referans kategori olarak alinir ve diger kategoriler bu referans kategoriye gore analiz edilir. Bu calismada, “Multinomiyal Logistik Regresyon Analizi” tanitilmis ve bir uygulama yapilmistir. Uygulamada, travma degiskeni, [Travma yok (0), Cinsel travma (1), Fiziksel travma (2), Cinsel ve Fiziksel travma (3)] 4 kategorili olarak kodlanmis ve bu degisken uzerine diger degiskenlerin etkisi incelenmistir. Sonucta cevap degiskeninin 3 ve daha fazla kategori icerdigi durumlarda Multinomiyal Logistik Regresyon Analizi yonteminin kullanilabilirligine dikkat cekilmistir.