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An embedded device has been developed for observing stages of lung cancer. This device is based on bio-electrical impedance analysis from which reactant component has been measured to detect the stage of lung cancer. The result shows that the value of phase angle has been found very low typically below 4.5 degree from the reactant component for the patient who are in III and IV stages of lung cancer.

Object recognition from RGB-D images has become a hot topic and gained a significant popularity in recent years due to its numerous applications. In this paper, we propose a novel multimodal deep convolutional neural networks architecture for RGB-D object recognition which composed of three streams with two different types of deep CNNs, where each stream can separately learn from each modality. Finally, we propose a combined architecture of joint network of these three streams to classify the objects. Compared to RGB data, RGB-D images provide additional depth information that can be represented as depth colorization methods or surface normals. Our goal is to exploit both colorization and surface normals information to encode depth images. We show that by utilizing both colorization and surface normals of depth images combined with RGB significantly can improves the classification accuracy. We evaluate our model on one of the most challenging RGB-D object dataset and achieves comparable performance to state-of-the-art methods.

The methanolic extract of Litsea glutinosa (Lauraceae) was evaluated for in vitro antioxidant activity by determination of hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity, total antioxidant capacity, assay of nitric oxide scavenging activity and reducing power test and in vivo antinociceptive effect in acetic acid induced writhing model in swiss albino mice. The results revealed the presence of pronounced antioxidant property as compared with ascorbic acid used as standard and a dose-dependent (250 and 500 mg/kg) analgesic effect. The antioxidant and antinociceptive properties observed seem to be in good accordance with the traditional uses of Litsea glutinosa. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(4) , 401-406, 2012 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i4.14069

Processing of meteorological satellite image data provides a wealth of information useful in earth surface and environmental applications. Particularly, it is important for the estimation of different parameters of surface energy budget. In this work, a method has been developed to estimation of hourly incoming solar radiation on the surface of Bangladesh using NOAA- AVHRR satellite digital images. The model is based on the statistical regressions between the ground truth and satellite estimated values. Hundreds of full resolution images (1.1 km) for two months of the year have been processed using ERDAS IMAGINE software. Ground solar global irradiation for one place has been estimated for two months through this application. The efficiency of this method for calculating surface insolation has been checked by estimating the relative deviation between the estimated Irradiation and measured Irradiation. The method can be used for calculation of hourly irradiation over areas in a tropical environment.

Land Surface Temperature is a key parameter in energy budget models, estimating soil moisture, forest detection and forecasting, monitoring the state of the crops and many other applications. In this work, a method has been developed to retrieve land surface temperature using the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) of USA, Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) satellite images. The land surface temperature has been determined taking AVHRR images from February to December in a year. Seasonal variations have also been studied. The results have been presented in the false color composition (fcc) map for each month. Studying the resulting maps it is found that there is a marked spatial and seasonal variations in the surface temperature among different regions of the country. We could not compare our result with the measured data as, till now, no measured data of surface temperature is available for our country. But it is observed that our result is well in conformity with the observed air temperature of the country. This method can thus be used for long term monitoring of surface parameters for the country. The long term study of surface temperature can be very much important for sustainable land resources development and to understand the effect of possible environmental changes.

Human and computer interaction has been developed into a wide and sophisticated field. Earlier automating electrical devices were absolutely mechanical. But with the invention of computer system, many computer researchers have tried to create computer based intelligent systems to accomplish many of their functionalities. Touchscreen controlled home automation system is one of them. These fascinating efforts to create intelligent systems are to provide human being a more convenient life. Moreover, it would accelerate the working speed of users. This paper concentrates primarily on experimental experiences on home automation system with a low-cost touchscreen technology. The proposed system provide an environment in which user can give commands by touching desired position on the touchscreen to automate the control of electrical devices. The interfacing circuit is designed using electronic components available in local market to keep the cost at low level.

The purpose of the study was to ascertain the attitude of the peoples towards social forestry and to explore the relationship between the selected characteristics of the respondents and their attitude towards social forestry. Attempt was also made to find out the rank order of attitudinal statements. Local community, local leader and social forestry beneficiaries of Puthia and Charghat Upzila of Rajshahi district constituted the population of the study. A total of 182 respondents were selected as sample. Interview schedule was used for collecting data from the sampled respondents during September, 2011 to December, 2011. The four selected characteristics of the respondents were considered as the independent variables. A 5-point rating scale was used to measure the dependent variable “attitude towards social forestry”. The findings revealed that near about three-fifths (59.34%) of the respondents had moderately favourable attitude towards social forestry compared to 32.2 percent highly favourable and 8.24 percent slightly favourable attitude towards social forestry. Correlation were used to explore the relationships among the variables. Out of 4 independent variables, age and occupation of all groups of respondents had a negative relationship with their attitude forwards social forestry, whereas education and annual income did not show significant relationship. The comp uted t value indicated that there was no attitudinal significant difference among the three groups. Among the 30 statements “by improving local microclimate, social forestry can contribute significantly for the maintenance of ecological balance”, “important way to create capital”, “promotion of social forestry can bring improvement in aesthetic view of the area” and “social forestry will provide harbor to insects, pests and diseases which is detrimental for human health and agricultural production” was the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th, respectively. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i1.11585 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 5(1): 217 - 222, 2012

The study was undertaken with a view to compare clinical and laboratory diagnoses of various bacterial diseases of poultry during the period from March 2009 to February 2010 in the laboratory of the Dept. of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh. A total of 135 sick and dead chickens (47 broilers and 88 layers) were collected from 12 different poultry farms (4 broilers and 8 layers) of Mymensingh and Gazipur districts which were subjected for clinical followed by laboratory diagnosis. Clinical diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical history, clinical signs and postmortem findings of the affected birds whereas; confirmatory diagnosis was made by using cultural examination, Gram’s staining and different biochemical tests. In this study, out of 47 broilers, 16 (34%) chickens were clinically diagnosed as colibacillosis, 11 (23.40%) as salmonellosis and 2 (4.25%) as fowl cholera. In the same way, out of 88 layer chickens, 28 (31.82%) were diagnosed as colibacillosis, 16 (18.18%) as salmonellosis and 11 (12.50%) as fowl cholera. In laboratory, out of 47 suspected broiler chickens, 12 (25.53%) chickens were diagnosed as colibacillosis, 7 (14.89%) as salmonellosis and 0 (0%) as fowl cholera. Correspondingly of the 88 layer chickens 22 (25%) were diagnosed as colibacillosis, 11 (13.64%) as salmonellosis and 8 (9.09%) as fowl cholera. So the findings concluded that clinical diagnosis is not always accurate like laboratory diagnosis because in most cases clinical history, clinical signs and post-mortem lesions of different bacterial diseases including mixed infections are almost similar to other related diseases and it is recommended to confirm laboratory diagnosis before treatment of the diseases.DOI = http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v8i2.11188 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2010). 8 (2) : 107-115

Arsenic contamination has been recognized as an acute national problem in Bangladesh. Tube wells, one of the most important source of drinking water in Bangladesh, are contaminated by arsenic in 61 districts out of a total of 64. Children who are exposed to high levels of arsenic in their drinking water are 7 to 12 times susceptible then adult. This study was conducted to know the arsenic concentration level in primary schools’ tube wells. Twenty seven schools were selected at Palashbari upazila of Gaibandha district under Rangpur division. Econo Quick test kit was used to measure arsenic concentration. Global Positioning System (GPS) was used to indicate the geographic location. Fifteen were Sallow Tube Well no. 06 and eleven were Deep Tube Well no. 06 among the examined tube wells. Arsenic concentration of these studied tube wells were ranged between 0 to 200?g/L. Except two all are below (0 to 10?g/L) the WHO maximum permissible level (50?g/L). Among these two one lies marginal level (50?g/L) and another crosses the level (200?g/L). Arsenic concentrations of these tube wells were not high. So, there could be considered as a safe source of drinking water for the pupils of these primary schools.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v4i2.10159 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 4(2): 115-120, 2011

In this paper, we propose a novel self organized sensor deployment protocol to ensure proper surveillance through better coverage in urban search and rescue (USAR) operations using customized Brownian motion scheme. Specifically, we use density control over Brownian Motion (DCBM) to make an adaptive self deployment protocol which can be used on heterogeneous wireless sensor and robot networks. Generally, Brownian Motion scatters particles in a random manner with disjoint behaviour which is not appropriate to be used as a mobility model for wireless network. Additionally, the model has higher collision rate among the moving particles. To avoid the previous two issues, every node in the network computes node density and decides particular direction at any timestamp. The nodes may take pause in their movement and start over from that location instead of starting every time from the initial starting point to make the model behave continuously. We simulated DCBM scheme on a series of different topologies and compared with Random waypoint model that shows promising insights.

The sero-prevalence of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) infection of chickens in selecte d Model Breeder Poultry Farms was determined during the period January to May, 2004. To conduct this study a total of 382 sera samples were collected. Rapid Serum Plate Agglutination (SPA) test was performed using commercial MG antigen (Nobilis® MG) to detect the presence of antibodies against MG. The over all sero-prevalence of MG infection was 58.90% in the study area. The highest prevalence (62.44 %) of MG infection was found in winter season followed by summer season (53.10%). The result further revealed that the infection was higher (59.94%) in female birds than in male birds (48.57%). It was also demonstrated that the infection was higher (62.80%) in Feni sadar than in Chhagoalnaiy a thana (53.45%).

Micron-sized polystyrene or PS particles were first prepared by dispersion polymerization. Then a series of polystyrene/poly(styrene-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) or PS/P(S-HEMA) composite polymer particles was prepared by seeded copolymerization using different amounts of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) at the constant core/shell ratio of 1/0.5. The produced PS seed and composite polymer particles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy. Adsorption behaviors of some biologically active macromolecules were studied under similar conditions. In each case the magnitude of adsorption on composite polymer particles decreased with the increase in HEMA content in the recipe, which means that the hydrophobic interaction between the surface of the particles and biomolecules decreased. The specific activities of trypsin aqueous solution and adsorbed trypsin on PS seed and composite polymer particles prepared with different HEMA contents were also measured and compared. The activity of adsorbed trypsin on composite polymer particles improved significantly with the incorporation of hydrophilic HEMA.

Modification of surface properties of polymer particles suitable for biomedical application has been done by incorporating acrylic acid (AA) as a hydrophilic component. First, submicron-sized poly(methyl methacrylate) seed particles were prepared by soap-free emulsion polymerization. Then, seeded emulsion copolymerizations were carried out with varying proportions of AA and methyl methacrylate (MMA). MMA was used as a comonomer to prevent the dissolution of AA from the polymer particles. The adsorption behaviors of different biomolecules indicate that the surface of the composite polymer particles is sufficiently hydrophilic, particularly at higher AA content. Specific activities of adsorbed trypsin on the composite polymer particles were also comparatively high compared to free trypsin, which suggests that the adsorbed trypsin undergoes only slight conformational change owing to the interaction with the surface of particles.

Aim: Ipriflavone conserves bone mass in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Salmon calcitonin and alendronate, two other anti-resorptive drugs, have been found to have analgesic effects in osteoporotic acute vertebral fracture. This study aimed to determine if ipriflavone also possesses such an effect. Methods: Thirty-two women with recent osteoporotic vertebral fractures were randomly assigned to ipriflavone treatment or placebo groups. Ipriflavone was given at the dose of 200 mg three times a day. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were given ad libitum in both groups. Calcium carbonate (1 g daily) was administered to all subjects. Intensity of pain at rest, on movement and on pressure, pain rating on a 10-point visual analogue scale, degree of mobility impairment, and supplementary analgesic were assessed at the end of a 3-month period in both groups to assess the analgesic effect of ipriflavone. Results: Fourteen subjects in the ipriflavone group and 12 in the placebo group completed the trial. After 3 months, all pain variables had decreased significantly in both groups. Intensity of pain at rest and on pressure and supplementary analgesic use were significantly lower in the ipriflavone group compared to the placebo group. Conclusion: The study shows that ipriflavone has an analgesic adjuvant effect in acute osteoporotic vertebral fracture.

In this paper, we propose automated image process- ing method for mammogram image analysis to enhance the clas- sification of malignant and benign clustered micro calcifications. Mini-Mias, one of the most renowned mammogram dataset, is used for our experiment. Region of interest (ROI) is selected using connected component labeling method. Shape and textural features are computed and used in five different classifiers to validate the correctness of labeling method usage for this specific research. Experimental results show that Random Forest and Bagging classifier can produce best classification accuracy among them. We used Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to asses and differentiate the classification performance from different methods. Random Forest and Bagging, both classifiers provide more than 99% accuracy.

In this paper, we propose a novel clustering protocol for wireless sensor and robot networks (WSRN) to ensure efficient energy usage and maintain maximum connectivity among the sensors. Our algorithm mainly works in two phases: (i) creates optimal number of clusters in the region of interest via three-point centroidal voronoi diagram. (ii) aggregates data from the members of each cluster and transfers to base station. This protocol is designed using double layered adaptive clustering and unknown region exploration which can be changed when needed for specific application. Additionally, this protocol works without the prior knowledge of the deployment region. We compared the results with LEACH and LEACH-C as a proof of concept. Specifically, simulation results exploit higher level of performance improvement in terms of energy dissipation, node failure, transmission overhead, and data aggregation among large number of mobile sensors. Finally, we analyzed the protocol with different settings which manifest the viability of our design.

Research focused on salient object region in natural scenes has attracted a lot in computer vision and has widely been used in many applications like object detection and segmentation. However, an accurate focusing on the salient region, while taking photographs of the real-world scenery, is still a challenging task. In order to deal with the problem, this paper presents a novel approach based on human visual system, which works better with the usage of both background prior and compactness prior. In the proposed method, we eliminate the unsuitable boundary with a fixed threshold to optimize the image boundary selection which can provide more precise estimations. Then, the object detection, which is optimized with compactness prior, is obtained by ranking with background queries. Salient objects are generally grouped together into connected areas that have compact spatial distributions. The experimental results on three public datasets demonstrate that the precision and robustness of the proposed algorithm have been improved obviously.

Aims Paediatric Exercise tolerance test (ETT) is a well-established component in the investigation of cardiac disease in children. We aimed to investigate the current practice of ETTs amongst Paediatricians across England and Wales, and provide practice and safety data from our local experience. Methods An online survey on the current practice of ETTs was distributed and completed by 49 members of the Paediatricians with Expertise with Cardiology Special Interest Group (PECSIG) between November 2014 and March 2015 and results analysed. Simultaneously a retrospective review of all patients Results Paediatric ETTs are carried out in 23/49 (47%) of responding units. In 20/21(95%) units, the decision to do the test locally was made by a consultant, with some units having age and clinical risk criteria. 18/21 (85%) of units have Paediatric doctors supervising at least some of the tests. Of the units which did not carry out any ETTs locally, unavailability of trained professional (14/20, 70%), followed by concerns regarding safety (11/20, 55%) were the most commonly cited barriers. Over 10 years, our local data identified 53 tests carried out on patients aged 7–15 years (mean 12.6 years). 7(13%) had Congenital Heart Disease and 7(13%) had abnormal baseline ECGs. 3(5.7%) were positive for exercise related arrhythmia. An adverse event occurred in 1/53 (1.9%). Following testing, 23 (43%) patients were discharged. Conclusion ETT practice vary across DGHs in England and Wales, with availability of trained staff and safety being the main barriers to its local provision. Our local rate of adverse event was 1.9% over 10 years. Clinically significant arrhythmias were found in 5.7%. Our data support the notion that Paediatric ETTs can be safely performed in a DGH and may reduce referrals to tertiary centres. Further studies will be beneficial in formulating evidence based recommendations for Paediatric ETTs in the UK.

Background: Several vitamin A supplementation trials have failed to improve the growth rate in children. Addition of zinc to vitamin A might result in enhanced growth. Objective: This study evaluated the effect on growth in children of simultaneous supplementation with zinc and vitamin A. Design: This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention trial. Six hundred fifty-three children aged 12-35 mo were randomly assigned to I of 4 intervention groups: 20 mg Zn/d d for 14 d (Z group), 60000 retinol equivalents (200000 IU) vitamin A on day 14 (A group), zinc plus vitamin A (ZA group), or placebo syrup and placebo capsule (placebo group). Weight and length were measured at enrollment and again after 3 and 6 mo. Results: Gains in weight and length during the 6-mo follow-up period were not significantly different among the 4 groups by analysis of variance. Catch-up growth also did not differ significantly among the groups. The proportions of children whose weight-for-age scores did not change or decreased were 57% in the Z group, 46% in the A group, 50% in the ZA group, and 54% in the placebo group (NS). The proportions of children whose length-for-age z scores did not change or decreased were 42% in the Z group, 48% in the A group, 53% in the ZA group, and 46% in the placebo group (NS). Conclusion: Combined short-term zinc supplementation and a single dose of vitamin A has no significant effects on weight and length increments in children over a 6-mo period.

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has become the gold standard for the surgical treatment of gallbladder disease, but conversion to open cholecystectomy and postoperative complications are still inevitable in certain cases. Knowledge of the rate and underlying reasons for conversion and postoperative complications could help surgeons during preoperative assessment and improve the informed consent of patients. We decide to review the rate and causes of conversion and postoperative complications of our LC series. This study included 760 consecutive laparoscopic cholecystectomies from July 2006 to June 2011 at Faridpur Central Hospital and Faridpur Medical College Hospital. All patients had surgery performed by same surgeon. Conversion to open cholecystectomy required in 19 (2.5%) patients. The most common reasons for conversion were severe adhesions at calot's triangle (6, 0.83%) and acutely inflamed gallbladder (5, 0.66%). The incidence of postoperative complications was 1.58%. The most common complication was wound infection, which was seen in 5 (0.66%) patients followed by biliary leakage in 3 (0.40%) patients. Delayed complications seen in our series is port site incisional hernia (2, 0.26%). LC is the preferred method even in difficult cases. Our study emphasizes that although the rate of conversion to open surgery and complication rate are low in experienced hands, the surgeons should keep a low threshold for conversion to open surgery and it should not be taken as a step in the interest of the patient rather than be looked upon as an insult to the surgeon. Key words: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC); Open cholecystectomy; Conversion; Complications; Calot's triangle DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/fmcj.v6i2.9204 FMCJ 2011; 6(2): 74-77

A study was undertaken to determine the immune response of eight different imported live NDV vaccines in broiler chickens in the Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from July to December 2008. A total of 55 broiler chickens (Ross breed) were divided into eleven groups such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 of which group 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 were vaccinated primarily with Nobilis® MA5+Clone30, Avipro® ND-IB HB1, Cevac® BIL, Newcastle-Bronchitis Vaccine Fortdodge® and Avipro® ND LaSota vaccine respectively at day 5 of age and secondarily with Nobilis® ND Clone 30, Avipro® ND LaSota, Cevac® New L, Newcastle Disease vaccine Fortdodge® and Avipro® ND LaSota vaccine respectively at day 21 of age by single eye instillation and 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 were vaccinated with the same vaccines respectively by double eye instillation following the same schedule. Group 11 was kept as unvaccinated control. Sera samples were collected after 10 days of each vaccination and at day 5, 15, 20, 31 of age from nonvaccinated control and subjected to HI test for the determination of antibody titres. It was observed that after primary vaccination the geometric mean (GM) of HI titres of double eye vaccinated groups differed significantly (P Key words: Immune response, Newcastle disease, ND vaccines, broiler chickens doi: 10.3329/bjvm.v6i2.2326 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2008). 6 (2): 139-144

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has become the gold standard treatment for symptomatic gallbladder disease. Its role in surgical treatment of acute cholecystitis has also been well defined. Here a prospective study was conducted over a 3 year period of 28 patients with acute cholecystitis at district level hospitals of Bangladesh, where many modern surgical facilities were lacking. Out of 28 patients of acute cholecystitis, 24 were operated by laparoscopic methods and rests 4 were converted to open cholecystectomy. Mean operation time was 87.95 minutes and only 2 patients had postoperative complications. This study showed the appropriate time of laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis, conversion rate and complications. It may be concluded that laparoscopic cholecystectomy is feasible and beneficial to the patient with acute cholecystitis in its early phase, if necessary support and expertise is available. Key Words: Acute cholecystitis; Laparoscopic cholecystectomy; Conversion DOI: 10.3329/fmcj.v5i1.6804Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2010;5(1):3-6