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Lung cancer being the most common disease worldwide that leads to a number of deaths. A huge amount of effort has been done in screening trials for early diagnose treatment which increases the disease-free survival rate. Based on the expression of protein of mouse double minute 2 and tumor protein 53 complex, we have identified the antagonist for this complex that would facilitate the treatment for specific lung cancer. It is a complex disease that involves vast investigation for the characterization of a lung cancer and thus, computational study is being developed to mimic the in vivo system. In this work, a computational process was employed for the identification of these proteins, with a short and simple method to discover protein-protein interactions. Moreover, these proteins have more similarities in their function with the known cancer proteins as compared to those identified from the protein expression specific profiles. A new method that utilizes experimental information to improve the extent of numerical calculations based on free energy profiles from molecular dynamics simulation. The experimental information guides the simulation along relevant pathways and decreases overall computational time. This method introduces umbrella sampling simulations. A new technique umbrella sampling is described where the high efficacy100 of this technique enables uniform sampling with several degrees of freedom. Here, we review the protein interactions techniques and we focus on main concepts in the molecular of in-silico study in lung cancer. This study recruiting new methods proved the efficiency and showed good results.

A sensitive and rugged residue analysis method was validated for the estimation of dithiocarbamate fungicides in a variety of fruit and vegetable matrices. The sample preparation method involved reaction of dithiocarbamates with Tin(II) chloride in aqueous HCl. The CS2 produced was absorbed into an isooctane layer and estimated by GC-MS selected ion monitoring. Limit of quantification (LOQ) was ⩽40μgkg(-1) for grape, green chilli, tomato, potato, brinjal, pineapple and chayote and the recoveries were within 75-104% (RSD<15% at LOQ). The method could be satisfactorily applied for analysis of real world samples. Dissipation of mancozeb, the most-used dithiocarbamate fungicide, in field followed first+first order kinetics with pre-harvest intervals of 2 and 4days in brinjal, 7 and 10days in grapes and 0day in chilli at single and double dose of agricultural applications. Cooking practices were effective for removal of mancozeb residues from vegetables., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

A single quadrupole GC-MS method was optimized for multiresidue determination of 47 pesticides in grapes with limit of quantifications of each compound in compliance with the EU-MRL requirements. Sample preparation involved extraction of 10 g sample with 10 ml ethyl acetate (+10 g sodium sulphate) by homogenization at 15,000 rpm followed by centrifugation at 3000 rpm. The supernatant was cleaned by dispersive solid phase extraction with primary secondary amine and acidified with 0.1% formic acid. Residues were estimated in selected ion monitoring mode with programmable temperature vaporizer-large volume injection (8 μl). All the GC and MS parameters were thoroughly optimized to achieve satisfactory linearity (R(2)>0.99) within 0.01-0.25 mg kg(-1) with minimum matrix interferences. Recoveries at 0.01 and 0.02 mg kg(-1) were within 67-120% with associated precision RSD below 19%. The method was successfully applied for analysis of the real world samples for incurred residues., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Cu(2)O nanoneedles are synthesized on a copper substrate by a simple anodization and reducing ambient annealing protocol. ZnO nanorods are grown on ITO coated glass by a low temperature chemical route. The electronic and photo-response properties of the p-Cu(2)O/n-ZnO flip-chip heterojunction are then studied and analyzed. We show that the I-V characteristic is rectifying and the junction exhibits a good photoresponse (∼120% under 1 V reverse bias) under AM 1.5 (1 Sun) illumination. This nano-heterojunction photo-response is far stronger as compared to that of a pulsed laser deposited thin film p-Cu(2)O/n-ZnO heterojunction, which can be attributed to higher junction area in the former case.

A 50% enhancement in the conversion efficiency (4.9-7.37%) is realized in dye-sensitized solar cells using hydrothermally synthesized TiO(2)-multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) nanocomposites as compared to hydrothermally synthesized TiO(2) without MWCNT and Degussa P25. Several characterizations have been employed to reveal the nature of the modification imparted to the MWCNTs under hydrothermal processing conditions and the resulting TiO(2)-MWCNT conjugation through -COOH groups. Efficient charge transfer in the nanocomposite and efficient electron transport by MWCNT (significantly higher incident-photon-to-current conversion efficiency) are suggested to be the possible reasons for the enhancement.

D-Amino acid oxidase (DAAO) used in the preparation of alpha-keto acids, in the determination of D-amino acids and in the resolution of racemic mixture of amino acids is produced by a wide range of microorganisms. In the recent past this enzyme is being recognized for its potential in the commercial production of 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (7-ACA), a starting material for various semisynthetic cephalosporins. Though this enzyme is widespread among microorganisms, very few microbial species have been explored for the production of 7-ACA; this is because cephalosporin C is quantitatively deaminated by limited microbial DAAOs. Comparison of physico-chemical properties of enzyme preparations indicate wide variations, however in general DAAOs are specific for D-configuration of amino acids. Both immobilized enzyme and cell preparations are developed for its various applications. The advantages of DAAO in the production of 7-ACA are discussed.