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Dorsal–Ventral (DV) patterning is regulated by the Bone Morphogenetic Pathway (BMP) in Bilateria. In insect DV patterning, the Toll pathway also plays a role, in addition to BMPs. Variations in the relative importance of each pathway for DV patterning have been reported using single species of coleopteran, hymenopteran, hemipteran and orthopteran insects. To investigate if the molecular control of DV patterning is conserved inside an insect order, the emergent model hemiptera species Rhodnius prolixus was studied. We found that R. prolixus BMP pathway controls the entire DV axis, with a broader effect respective to Toll, as shown for the hemiptera Oncopeltus fasciatus. Different from O. fasciatus, the unique R. prolixus short gastrulation (sog) and the twisted gastrulation (tsg) orthologues do not antagonize, but rather favour embryonic BMP signalling. Our results reinforce the hypothesis that hemiptera rely preferentially on BMPs for DV patterning but that, surprisingly, in R. prolixus Sog and Tsg proteins exert only a positive role to establish a dorsal-to-ventral BMP gradient. Since sog has been reported to be lost from orthopteran and hymenopteran genomes, our results indicate that Sog's role to modify BMP activity varies greatly in different insect species.

Dorsal–ventral (DV) patterning is regulated by the bone morphogenetic pathway (BMP) in Bilateria. In insect DV patterning, the Toll pathway also plays a role, in addition to BMPs. Variations in the relative importance of each pathway for DV patterning have been reported using single species of coleopteran, hymenopteran, hemipteran and orthopteran insects. To investigate if the molecular control of DV patterning is conserved inside an insect order, the emergent model hemiptera species Rhodnius prolixus was studied. We found that R. prolixus BMP pathway controls the entire DV axis, with a broader effect respective to Toll, as shown for the hemiptera Oncopeltus fasciatus. Different from O. fasciatus, the unique R. prolixus short gastrulation (sog) and the twisted gastrulation (tsg) orthologues do not antagonize, but rather favour embryonic BMP signalling. Our results reinforce the hypothesis that hemiptera rely preferentially on BMPs for DV patterning but that, surprisingly, in R. prolixus Sog and Tsg proteins exert only a positive role to establish a dorsal-to-ventral BMP gradient. Since sog has been reported to be lost from orthopteran and hymenopteran genomes, our results indicate that Sog's role to modify BMP activity varies greatly in different insect species.

Dorsal–ventral (DV) patterning is regulated by the bone morphogenetic pathway (BMP) in Bilateria. In insect DV patterning, the Toll pathway also plays a role, in addition to BMPs. Variations in the relative importance of each pathway for DV patterning have been reported using single species of coleopteran, hymenopteran, hemipteran and orthopteran insects. To investigate if the molecular control of DV patterning is conserved inside an insect order, the emergent model hemiptera species Rhodnius prolixus was studied. We found that R. prolixus BMP pathway controls the entire DV axis, with a broader effect respective to Toll, as shown for the hemiptera Oncopeltus fasciatus. Different from O. fasciatus, the unique R. prolixus short gastrulation (sog) and the twisted gastrulation (tsg) orthologues do not antagonize, but rather favour embryonic BMP signalling. Our results reinforce the hypothesis that hemiptera rely preferentially on BMPs for DV patterning but that, surprisingly, in R. prolixus Sog and Tsg proteins exert only a positive role to establish a dorsal-to-ventral BMP gradient. Since sog has been reported to be lost from orthopteran and hymenopteran genomes, our results indicate that Sog's role to modify BMP activity varies greatly in different insect species.

Dorsal–ventral (DV) patterning is regulated by the bone morphogenetic pathway (BMP) in Bilateria. In insect DV patterning, the Toll pathway also plays a role, in addition to BMPs. Variations in the relative importance of each pathway for DV patterning have been reported using single species of coleopteran, hymenopteran, hemipteran and orthopteran insects. To investigate if the molecular control of DV patterning is conserved inside an insect order, the emergent model hemiptera species Rhodnius prolixus was studied. We found that R. prolixus BMP pathway controls the entire DV axis, with a broader effect respective to Toll, as shown for the hemiptera Oncopeltus fasciatus. Different from O. fasciatus, the unique R. prolixus short gastrulation (sog) and the twisted gastrulation (tsg) orthologues do not antagonize, but rather favour embryonic BMP signalling. Our results reinforce the hypothesis that hemiptera rely preferentially on BMPs for DV patterning but that, surprisingly, in R. prolixus Sog and Tsg proteins exert only a positive role to establish a dorsal-to-ventral BMP gradient. Since sog has been reported to be lost from orthopteran and hymenopteran genomes, our results indicate that Sog's role to modify BMP activity varies greatly in different insect species.

Dorsal–ventral (DV) patterning is regulated by the bone morphogenetic pathway (BMP) in Bilateria. In insect DV patterning, the Toll pathway also plays a role, in addition to BMPs. Variations in the relative importance of each pathway for DV patterning have been reported using single species of coleopteran, hymenopteran, hemipteran and orthopteran insects. To investigate if the molecular control of DV patterning is conserved inside an insect order, the emergent model hemiptera species Rhodnius prolixus was studied. We found that R. prolixus BMP pathway controls the entire DV axis, with a broader effect respective to Toll, as shown for the hemiptera Oncopeltus fasciatus. Different from O. fasciatus, the unique R. prolixus short gastrulation (sog) and the twisted gastrulation (tsg) orthologues do not antagonize, but rather favour embryonic BMP signalling. Our results reinforce the hypothesis that hemiptera rely preferentially on BMPs for DV patterning but that, surprisingly, in R. prolixus Sog and Tsg proteins exert only a positive role to establish a dorsal-to-ventral BMP gradient. Since sog has been reported to be lost from orthopteran and hymenopteran genomes, our results indicate that Sog's role to modify BMP activity varies greatly in different insect species.

Dorsal–ventral (DV) patterning is regulated by the bone morphogenetic pathway (BMP) in Bilateria. In insect DV patterning, the Toll pathway also plays a role, in addition to BMPs. Variations in the relative importance of each pathway for DV patterning have been reported using single species of coleopteran, hymenopteran, hemipteran and orthopteran insects. To investigate if the molecular control of DV patterning is conserved inside an insect order, the emergent model hemiptera species Rhodnius prolixus was studied. We found that R. prolixus BMP pathway controls the entire DV axis, with a broader effect respective to Toll, as shown for the hemiptera Oncopeltus fasciatus. Different from O. fasciatus, the unique R. prolixus short gastrulation (sog) and the twisted gastrulation (tsg) orthologues do not antagonize, but rather favour embryonic BMP signalling. Our results reinforce the hypothesis that hemiptera rely preferentially on BMPs for DV patterning but that, surprisingly, in R. prolixus Sog and Tsg proteins exert only a positive role to establish a dorsal-to-ventral BMP gradient. Since sog has been reported to be lost from orthopteran and hymenopteran genomes, our results indicate that Sog's role to modify BMP activity varies greatly in different insect species.

Dorsal–ventral (DV) patterning is regulated by the bone morphogenetic pathway (BMP) in Bilateria. In insect DV patterning, the Toll pathway also plays a role, in addition to BMPs. Variations in the relative importance of each pathway for DV patterning have been reported using single species of coleopteran, hymenopteran, hemipteran and orthopteran insects. To investigate if the molecular control of DV patterning is conserved inside an insect order, the emergent model hemiptera species Rhodnius prolixus was studied. We found that R. prolixus BMP pathway controls the entire DV axis, with a broader effect respective to Toll, as shown for the hemiptera Oncopeltus fasciatus. Different from O. fasciatus, the unique R. prolixus short gastrulation (sog) and the twisted gastrulation (tsg) orthologues do not antagonize, but rather favour embryonic BMP signalling. Our results reinforce the hypothesis that hemiptera rely preferentially on BMPs for DV patterning but that, surprisingly, in R. prolixus Sog and Tsg proteins exert only a positive role to establish a dorsal-to-ventral BMP gradient. Since sog has been reported to be lost from orthopteran and hymenopteran genomes, our results indicate that Sog's role to modify BMP activity varies greatly in different insect species.

Background A recent dialogue in the field of play, learn, and teach outdoors (referred to as “PLaTO” hereafter) demonstrated the need for developing harmonized and consensus-based terminology, taxonomy, and ontology for PLaTO. This is important as the field evolves and diversifies in its approaches, contents, and contexts over time and in different countries, cultures, and settings. Within this paper, we report the systematic and iterative processes undertaken to achieve this objective, which has built on the creation of the global PLaTO-Network (PLaTO-Net). Methods This project comprised of four major methodological phases. First, a systematic scoping review was conducted to identify common terms and definitions used pertaining to PLaTO. Second, based on the results of the scoping review, a draft set of key terms, taxonomy, and ontology were developed, and shared with PLaTO members, who provided feedback via four rounds of consultation. Third, PLaTO terminology, taxonomy, and ontology were then finalized based on the feedback received from 50 international PLaTO member participants who responded to ≥ 3 rounds of the consultation survey and dialogue. Finally, efforts to share and disseminate project outcomes were made through different online platforms. Results This paper presents the final definitions and taxonomy of 31 PLaTO terms along with the PLaTO-Net ontology model. The model incorporates other relevant concepts in recognition that all the aspects of the model are interrelated and interconnected. The final terminology, taxonomy, and ontology are intended to be applicable to, and relevant for, all people encompassing various identities (e.g., age, gender, culture, ethnicity, ability). Conclusions This project contributes to advancing PLaTO-based research and facilitating intersectoral and interdisciplinary collaboration, with the long-term goal of fostering and strengthening PLaTO’s synergistic linkages with healthy living, environmental stewardship, climate action, and planetary health agendas. Notably, PLaTO terminology, taxonomy and ontology will continue to evolve, and PLaTO-Net is committed to advancing and periodically updating harmonized knowledge and understanding in the vast and interrelated areas of PLaTO.

Esta pesquisa apresenta o tema da administra����o universit��ria no ��mbito das Universidades Estaduais da Bahia (UEBA), tendo como objeto e recorte a organiza����o pol��tico-institucional da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), considerando os desafios da Contemporaneidade. Como objetivo principal, a pesquisa se prop��s investigar a organiza����o pol��tico-institucional dessa Universidade p��blica do interior da Bahia, como express��o de sua administra����o universit��ria, em fun����o dos desafios da Contemporaneidade. Para atingir tal objetivo, foi necess��rio explorar o campo te��rico da Administra����o Universit��ria no Brasil, interpretar os desafios da atividade universit��ria na Contemporaneidade e analisar os desafios identificados a respeito do seu impacto na organiza����o pol��tico-institucional da UEFS. Para tanto, esta investiga����o emp��rica �� caracterizada como uma pesquisa social aplicada, de abordagem qualitativa e natureza explorat��rio-descritiva, tendo o estudo de caso, como estrat��gia, e como procedimentos: levantamento bibliogr��fico, an��lise documental e entrevistas semiestruturadas com an��lise tem��tica de conte��do. Como resultados, a pesquisa apresenta arranjos dimensionais de an��lise a priori, que se relacionam aos desafios da atividade universit��ria na Contemporaneidade, considerando o impacto na organiza����o pol��tico-institucional, como express��o da administra����o universit��ria na UEFS. Dessa maneira, esta investiga����o assume a perspectiva dimensional acad��mica como final��stica e estruturante, representada pela oferta de atividades universit��rias (ensino, pesquisa e extens��o). Al��m disso, os resultados comprovam que os arranjos dimensionais propostos interferem e influenciam na organiza����o pol��tico-institucional da UEFS, em fun����o dos seguintes desafios da Contemporaneidade: democratiza����o do acesso e perman��ncia (perspectiva dimensional pol��tica); decis��o colegiada (perspectiva dimensional organizacional); relev��ncia social (perspectiva dimensional cultural); e sustentabilidade financeira (perspectiva dimensional econ��mica).

O presente trabalho aborda o tema das pol��ticas p��blicas educacionais, objetivando identificar a pol��tica de educa����o superior do Estado da Bahia prevista no Plano Estadual de Educa����o (PEE-BA 2016-2026). Este estudo explorat��rio, bibliogr��fico e documental realiza uma breve revis��o bibliogr��fica sobre pol��ticas p��blicas e caracteriza os instrumentos de implementa����o da pol��tica educacional no pa��s e na Bahia, al��m das implica����es do PEE-BA 2016-2026 para a educa����o superior baiana. Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de expans��o do acesso �� educa����o superior, principalmente aos jovens e adultos de 18 a 24 anos, com a amplia����o da oferta de vagas. Os resultados demonstram ainda a necessidade de revis��o no PEE-BA 2016-2026, visando �� adequa����o dos percentuais estabelecidos em algumas de suas metas, referentes �� educa����o superior.

Este estudo explorat��rio, bibliogr��fico e documental aborda o tema da oferta p��blica de educa����o superior no Estado da Bahia, com o intuito de contextualizar historicamente e caracterizar aspectos atuais dessa oferta. Os resultados apontaram que, mesmo com a expans��o federal, nos ��ltimos anos, com novas universidades e institutos federais, as universidades estaduais da Bahia ainda mant��m sua relev��ncia na interioriza����o da oferta p��blica de educa����o superior no Estado.

Este cap��tulo discute a pol��tica de financiamento da educa����o superior no estado da Bahia, no que diz respeito ��s Universidades Estaduais Baianas (UEBA). Nesse sentido, assume a Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), como objeto de an��lise, e realiza um estudo explorat��rio de natureza bibliogr��fica e documental com o objetivo de investigar como se caracterizou a pol��tica de financiamento da UEFS, no per��odo de 2005 a 2014, compreendendo as especificidades das institui����es de ensino superior estaduais, no contexto do sistema nacional de ensino superior, e o quadro de dificuldades e limita����es or��ament��rio-financeiras. Com base na an��lise descritiva da situa����o or��ament��rio-financeira, apresenta os desafios, obst��culos e imprecis��es pol��ticas, que marcam a atua����o institucional das universidades estaduais, e, particularmente, as universidades estaduais baianas, com o prop��sito de sinalizar poss��veis caminhos e a����es propositivas para o financiamento, fortalecimento e sustentabilidade financeira do sistema estadual de educa����o superior baiano.

O presente trabalho aborda o tema da pol��tica de financiamento das Universidades Estaduais Baianas (Ueba) e seus impactos na gest��o da Universidade do Estado da Bahia (Uneb). Para tanto, este estudo apresenta resultados preliminares de um estudo explorat��rio, bibliogr��fico e documental, com o objetivo de caracterizar os desafios do financiamento na Uneb e os seus impactos na gest��o dessa institui����o no per��odo de 2010 a 2013. Neste sentido, fez-se necess��rio realizar uma abordagem hist��rica acerca do surgimento das Ueba, bem como analisar a situa����o or��ament��rio-financeira da universidade investigada no per��odo citado e os impactos em sua gest��o. Al��m disso, este artigo investiga a import��ncia da capta����o de recursos externos, como meio alternativo para complementa����o dos recursos p��blicos estaduais, diante da identifica����o de um quadro de restri����es or��ament��rias. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam um cen��rio desafiador para o financiamento da Uneb, sinalizando um quadro de precariza����o das atividades institucionais, com impactos diretos na gest��o dessa Universidade.

O presente estudo apresenta resultados preliminares de uma pesquisa explorat��ria, bibliogr��fica e documental sobre o tema da mercantiliza����o da educa����o no Brasil, com o objetivo de caracterizar a oferta atual de ensino superior no estado da Bahia, apresentando aspectos do processo de mercantiliza����o, contextualizado por um crescente discurso de crise na educa����o nacional. Esses resultados apontam para um c��lere processo de financeiriza����o, oligopoliza����o e transnacionaliza����o da educa����o, configurando o cen��rio atual de mercantiliza����o do ensino superior brasileiro. Esse cen��rio estende-se para a oferta de ensino superior no estado da Bahia, que apresenta uma representatividade da rede privada de 92% das institui����es e de 74% nas matr��culas em cursos de gradua����o, com a presen��a de grandes grupos educacionais.

O presente trabalho aborda o tema das pol��ticas p��blicas educacionais, com ��nfase na educa����o superior do Brasil. Este estudo explorat��rio, bibliogr��fico e documental tem como objetivo caracterizar a pol��tica p��blica de educa����o superior no Brasil, realizando uma revis��o bibliogr��fica sobre pol��tica e pol��ticas p��blicas, bem como caracterizando os marcos normativos da pol��tica educacional brasileira e suas implica����es para a expans��o da oferta de educa����o superior no pa��s. Os resultados evidenciam que as pol��ticas educacionais s��o pol��ticas p��blicas de cunho social, que visam �� diminui����o das desigualdades sociais existentes no pa��s, no ��mbito educacional. Demonstram ainda que a Constitui����o Federal de 1988 e a atual Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educa����o Nacional (LDB) s��o instrumentos balizadores da pol��tica educacional no Brasil, tendo o Plano Nacional de Educa����o 2014- 2024, como o atual e principal documento para o desenvolvimento da educa����o nacional. Al��m disso, em rela����o �� expans��o da oferta da educa����o superior, houve significativa evolu����o, principalmente pela liberaliza����o e incentivo �� iniciativa privada, bem como por a����es do governo federal, como o Programa REUNI.