2,059 results on '"Mortier P"'
Search Results
52. 40 years of forest dynamics and tree demography in an intact tropical forest at M’Baïki in central Africa
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Bénédet, Fabrice, Gourlet-Fleury, Sylvie, Allah-Barem, Félix, Baya, Fidèle, Beina, Denis, Cornu, Guillaume, Dimanche, Luc, Dubiez, Émilien, Forni, Éric, Freycon, Vincent, Mortier, Frédéric, Ouédraogo, Dakis-Yaoba, Picard, Nicolas, Rossi, Vivien, Semboli, Olivia, Yalibanda, Yves, Yongo-Bombo, Olga, and Fayolle, Adeline
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- 2024
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53. The history of short-tailed whip scorpions: changes in body size and flagellum shape in Schizomida
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Belojević, Jelena, Mortier, Meghana S., Oberweiser, Morgan M., Braig, Florian, Haug, Joachim T., and Haug, Carolin
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- 2024
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54. A recurrent de novo missense mutation in COL1A1 causes osteogenesis imperfecta type II and preterm delivery in Normande cattle
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Corbeau, Julien, Grohs, Cécile, Jourdain, Jeanlin, Boussaha, Mekki, Besnard, Florian, Barbat, Anne, Plassard, Vincent, Rivière, Julie, Hamelin, Christophe, Mortier, Jeremy, Boichard, Didier, Guatteo, Raphaël, and Capitan, Aurélien
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- 2024
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55. Impact of COVID-19 first wave on the mental health of healthcare workers in a Front-Line Spanish Tertiary Hospital: lessons learned
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Molina, Juan D., Amigo, Franco, Vilagut, Gemma, Mortier, Philippe, Muñoz-Ruiperez, Carmen, Rodrigo Holgado, Irene, Juanes González, Alba, Combarro Ripoll, Carolina Elisa, Alonso, Jordi, and Rubio, Gabriel
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- 2024
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56. Developing a clinical decision support system software prototype that assists in the management of patients with self-harm in the emergency department: protocol of the PERMANENS project
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Mortier, Philippe, Amigo, Franco, Bhargav, Madhav, Conde, Susana, Ferrer, Montse, Flygare, Oskar, Kizilaslan, Busenur, Latorre Moreno, Laura, Leis, Angela, Mayer, Miguel Angel, Pérez-Sola, Víctor, Portillo-Van Diest, Ana, Ramírez-Anguita, Juan Manuel, Sanz, Ferran, Vilagut, Gemma, Alonso, Jordi, Mehlum, Lars, Arensman, Ella, Bjureberg, Johan, Pastor, Manuel, and Qin, Ping
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- 2024
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57. A prevention program for binge drinking among students based on mindfulness and implementation intention (ALCOMEDIIT): a randomized controlled trial
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Mange, Jessica, Mauny, Nicolas, Montcharmont, Charlotte, Legrand, Eve, Lemercier-Dugarin, Maud, Mortier, Arnaud, Duvivier, Martin, Leveneur, Johnny, Lacherez, Cédric, Cabé, Nicolas, and Le Berre, Anne-Pascale
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- 2024
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58. Cost awareness among intensivists in their daily clinical practice: a prospective multicentre study
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Lehut, Timothée, Lambert, Céline, Mortier, Romain, Futier, Emmanuel, Chabanne, Russell, Bauer, Ulrich, Verdier, Philippe, Ravan, Ramin, Ocquidant, Philippe, Mourgues, Charline, and Lautrette, Alexandre
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- 2024
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59. A framework for tracing timber following the Ukraine invasion
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Mortier, Thomas, Truszkowski, Jakub, Norman, Marigold, Boner, Markus, Buliga, Bogdan, Chater, Caspar, Jennings, Henry, Saunders, Jade, Sibley, Rosie, Antonelli, Alexandre, Waegeman, Willem, and Deklerck, Victor
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- 2024
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60. An Additional Lrp4 High Bone Mass Mutation Mitigates the Sost-Knockout Phenotype in Mice by Increasing Bone Remodeling
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Hendrickx, Gretl, Boudin, Eveline, Mateiu, Ligia, Yorgan, Timur A., Steenackers, Ellen, Kneissel, Michaela, Kramer, Ina, Mortier, Geert, Schinke, Thorsten, and Van Hul, Wim
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- 2024
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61. Stability and detectability of exomoons orbiting HIP 41378 f, a temperate Jovian planet with an anomalously low apparent density
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Harada, Caleb K., Dressing, Courtney D., Alam, Munazza K., Kirk, James, Lopez-Morales, Mercedes, Ohno, Kazumasa, Akinsanmi, Babatunde, Barros, Susana C., Buchhave, Lars A., Cameron, Andrew Collier, Crossfield, Ian J., Dai, Fei, Gao, Peter, Giacalone, Steven, Grouffal, Salome, Lillo-Box, Jorge, Mayo, Andrew W., Mortier, Annelies, Santerne, Alexandre, Santos, Nuno, Sousa, Sergio G., Turtelboom, Emma V., Vanderburg, Andrew, and Wheatley, Peter J.
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Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics - Abstract
Moons orbiting exoplanets ("exomoons") may hold clues about planet formation, migration, and habitability. In this work, we investigate the plausibility of exomoons orbiting the temperate ($T_\text{eq}=294$ K) giant ($R = 9.2$ R$_\oplus$) planet HIP 41378 f, which has been shown to have a low apparent bulk density of $0.09\,\text{g}\,\text{cm}^{-3}$ and a flat near-infrared transmission spectrum, hinting that it may possess circumplanetary rings. Given this planet's long orbital period ($P\approx1.5$ yr), it has been suggested that it may also host a large exomoon. Here, we analyze the orbital stability of a hypothetical exomoon with a satellite-to-planet mass ratio of 0.0123 orbiting HIP 41378 f. Combining a new software package, astroQTpy, with REBOUND and EqTide, we conduct a series of N-body and tidal migration simulations, demonstrating that satellites up to this size are largely stable against dynamical escape and collisions. We simulate the expected transit signal from this hypothetical exomoon and show that current transit observations likely cannot constrain the presence of exomoons orbiting HIP 41378 f, though future observations may be capable of detecting exomoons in other systems. Finally, we model the combined transmission spectrum of HIP 41378 f and a hypothetical moon with a low-metallicity atmosphere, and show that the total effective spectrum would be contaminated at the $\sim$10 ppm level. Our work not only demonstrates the feasibility of exomoons orbiting HIP 41378 f, but also shows that large exomoons may be a source of uncertainty in future high-precision measurements of exoplanet systems., Comment: 28 pages, 10 figures, 2 tables; accepted to AJ
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- 2023
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62. The history of short-tailed whip scorpions: changes in body size and flagellum shape in Schizomida
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Jelena Belojević, Meghana S. Mortier, Morgan M. Oberweiser, Florian Braig, Joachim T. Haug, and Carolin Haug
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Amber ,Body size ,Geometric morphometrics ,Miniaturization ,Myanmar ,Fossil man. Human paleontology ,GN282-286.7 ,Paleontology ,QE701-760 - Abstract
Abstract Representatives of Schizomida, known as short-tailed whip scorpions, are an understudied group within Megoperculata. They are found subterraneanly in tropical and sub-tropical regions. They lack eyes, have superior mobility, and possess a flagellum which is relevant to their mating, but in general little is known about their general biology. Fossil representatives of Schizomida from a variety of time periods are available for study. Using 23 fossil specimens (14 of which are described here for the first time) and 86 extant individuals from the literature, changes in both body size and flagella shape in Schizomida were compared over time. Measurements of prosoma length and leg length were used as a proxy for body size, and a comparative size analysis was carried out. Individuals from the Cretaceous period were found to be significantly smaller than extant individuals, contrary to our expectations. For flagellum shape, images were used to create reconstructions, which were then analysed using an elliptic Fourier analysis followed by a principal component analysis. The morphological diversity of the male flagellum shape was found to have decreased between the Cretaceous and modern fauna. We discuss potential explanations for our findings, although a greater understanding of the general biology of Schizomida is required to properly interpret our results.
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- 2024
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63. Plasmonic nanophotothermal therapy for the treatment of basal cell carcinoma with gold nanoparticles
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Sabrina Pesnel, Maroua Ben Haddada, Sébastien Duquenne, Laurent Mortier, Antoine Bertolotti, Jean L. Perrot, and Anne‐Laure Morel
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basal cell carcinoma ,gold nanoparticles ,hyperthermia ,nanomedicine ,phototherapy ,Dermatology ,RL1-803 ,Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,RC870-923 - Abstract
Abstract Background Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common form of skin cancer, typically developing in sun‐exposed areas such as the face. Surgery is the treatment of choice, with a overall good prognosis. However, some scars can be unsightly or bothersome, and some tumours are too large or badly located to be eligible for surgery. Plasmonic photothermal therapy is presented here as an alternative treatment. Our team has developed green gold nanoparticles that have demonstrated their efficacy in inducing hyperthermia in the tumour‐microenvironment when combined with near‐infrared laser (NIR laser). Objectives The aim of this study is to demonstrate the effectiveness of gold nanoparticles combined with laser treatment against BCC. Methods In vitro, BCC cells were exposed to gold nanoparticles, both with and without laser treatment, to study the effects of this therapy on skin cells. Subsequently, mice bearing BCC were treated with photothermal therapy to assess tumour growth. Results Gold nanoparticles were found to be nontoxic to the cell line, and photothermal therapy induced apoptosis. In vivo studies showed complete regression of tumours without unsightly scarring and no recurrence after 40 days. Conclusions Plasmonic photothermal therapy using gold nanoparticles proved its efficacy in the destruction of BCC.
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- 2024
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64. A recurrent de novo missense mutation in COL1A1 causes osteogenesis imperfecta type II and preterm delivery in Normande cattle
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Julien Corbeau, Cécile Grohs, Jeanlin Jourdain, Mekki Boussaha, Florian Besnard, Anne Barbat, Vincent Plassard, Julie Rivière, Christophe Hamelin, Jeremy Mortier, Didier Boichard, Raphaël Guatteo, and Aurélien Capitan
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Animal culture ,SF1-1100 ,Genetics ,QH426-470 - Abstract
Abstract Background Nine male and eight female calves born to a Normande artificial insemination bull named “Ly” were referred to the French National Observatory of Bovine Abnormalities for multiple fractures, shortened gestation, and stillbirth or perinatal mortality. Results Using Illumina BovineSNP50 array genotypes from affected calves and 84 half-sib controls, the associated locus was mapped to a 6.5-Mb interval on chromosome 19, assuming autosomal inheritance with germline mosaicism. Subsequent comparison of the whole-genome sequences of one case and 5116 control genomes, followed by genotyping in the affected pedigree, identified a de novo missense substitution within the NC1 domain of the COL1A1 gene (Chr19 g.36,473,965G > A; p.D1412N) as unique candidate variant. Interestingly, the affected residue was completely conserved among 243 vertebrate orthologs, and the same substitution in humans has been reported to cause type II osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), a connective tissue disorder that is characterized primarily by bone deformity and fragility. Moreover, three COL1A1 mutations have been described to cause the same syndrome in cattle. Necropsy, computed tomography, radiology, and histology confirmed the diagnosis of type II OI, further supporting the causality of this variant. In addition, a detailed analysis of gestation length and perinatal mortality in 1387 offspring of Ly and more than 160,000 progeny of 63 control bulls allowed us to statistically confirm in a large pedigree the association between type II OI and preterm delivery, which is probably due to premature rupture of fetal membranes and has been reported in several isolated cases of type II OI in humans and cattle. Finally, analysis of perinatal mortality rates and segregation distortion supported a low level of germ cell mosaicism in Ly, with an estimate of 4.5% to 7.7% of mutant sperm and thus 63 to 107 affected calves born. These numbers contrast with the 17 cases reported and raise concerns about the underreporting of congenital defects to heredo-surveillance platforms, even for textbook genetic syndromes. Conclusions In conclusion, we describe a large animal model for a recurrent substitution in COL1A1 that is responsible for type II OI in humans. More generally, this study highlights the utility of such datasets and large half-sib families available in livestock species to characterize sporadic genetic defects.
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- 2024
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65. Usefulness of serum amyloid A for the diagnosis of pyelonephritis in cats: A prospective evaluation
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Maxime Kurtz, Pascaline Bénédicte Marie Pey, Jérémy Mortier, Mathieu Manassero, Fiona Da Riz, Morgane Canonne‐Guibert, Christelle Maurey, and Ghita Benchekroun
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antibiotics ,biomarker ,pelvic cavity ,renal ,urinary tract infection ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
Abstract Background The diagnosis of pyelonephritis in cats is challenging and development of a noninvasive and accurate biomarker is needed. Hypotheses Serum amyloid A (SAA) is increased in cats with pyelonephritis, but not in cats with other urinary tract diseases. Animals A cohort of 125 cats (149 observations). Methods This was a prospective study. Group 1 included cats with a diagnosis of pyelonephritis either confirmed by bacterial culture of pelvic urine (Group 1a) or presumed (1b). Group 2 included cats for which pyelonephritis was ruled out (with certainty: Group 2a or judged unlikely: Group 2b). SAA concentration was compared between groups, and accuracy of SAA for the diagnosis of pyelonephritis was calculated using a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results Median SAA concentration was significantly higher in Group 1a (86.8 mg/L [73.3; 161.5]; n = 8) than in Group 2a (4 mg/L [1.8; 5.6], n = 19; P
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- 2024
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66. Impact of COVID-19 first wave on the mental health of healthcare workers in a Front-Line Spanish Tertiary Hospital: lessons learned
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Juan D. Molina, Franco Amigo, Gemma Vilagut, Philippe Mortier, Carmen Muñoz-Ruiperez, Irene Rodrigo Holgado, Alba Juanes González, Carolina Elisa Combarro Ripoll, Jordi Alonso, and Gabriel Rubio
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COVID-19 ,Mental health ,Healthcare professionals ,Psychiatric history ,Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Healthcare workers (HCWs) were at high risk of experiencing psychological distress during COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact on HCWs’ mental health in a Spanish hospital. Cross-sectional study of HCW, active between May and June 2020. A web-based survey assessed probable current mental disorders (major depressive disorder [PHQ-8 ≥ 10], generalized anxiety disorder [GAD-7 ≥ 10], panic attacks, post-traumatic stress disorder [PTSD; PLC-5 ≥ 7], or substance use disorder [CAGE-AID ≥ 2]). The Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) was used to assess severe impairment and items taken from the modified self‐report version of the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C‐SSRS) assessed suicidal thoughts and behaviors. A total of 870 HCWs completed the survey. Most frequent probable mental disorders were major depressive disorder (33.6%), generalized anxiety disorder (25.5%), panic attacks (26.9%), PTSD (27.2%), and substance use disorder (5.0%). Being female, having aged 18–29 years, being an auxiliary nurse, direct exposure to COVID-19-infected patients, and pre-pandemic lifetime mental disorders were positively associated with mental issues. Hospital HCWs presented a high prevalence of symptoms of mental disorders, especially depression, PTSD, panic attacks, and anxiety. Younger individuals and those with lifetime mental disorders have been more vulnerable to experiencing them.
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- 2024
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67. Nosology of genetic skeletal disorders: 2023 revision.
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Unger, Sheila, Ferreira, Carlos, Mortier, Geert, Ali, Houda, Bertola, Débora, Calder, Alistair, Cohn, Daniel, Cormier-Daire, Valerie, Girisha, Katta, Hall, Christine, Makitie, Outi, Mundlos, Stefan, Nishimura, Gen, Robertson, Stephen, Savarirayan, Ravi, Sillence, David, Simon, Marleen, Sutton, V, Warman, Matthew, Superti-Furga, Andrea, and Krakow, Deborah
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The Nosology of genetic skeletal disorders has undergone its 11th revision and now contains 771 entries associated with 552 genes reflecting advances in molecular delineation of new disorders thanks to advances in DNA sequencing technology. The most significant change as compared to previous versions is the adoption of the dyadic naming system, systematically associating a phenotypic entity with the gene it arises from. We consider this a significant step forward as dyadic naming is more informative and less prone to errors than the traditional use of list numberings and eponyms. Despite the adoption of dyadic naming, efforts have been made to maintain strong ties to the MIM catalog and its historical data. As with the previous versions, the list of disorders and genes in the Nosology may be useful in considering the differential diagnosis in the clinic, directing bioinformatic analysis of next-generation sequencing results, and providing a basis for novel advances in biology and medicine.
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- 2023
68. TOI-1695 b: A Water World Orbiting an Early M Dwarf in the Planet Radius Valley
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Cherubim, Collin, Cloutier, Ryan, Charbonneau, David, Wohler, Bill, Stockdale, Chris, Stassun, Keivan G., Schwarz, Richard P., Safonov, Boris, Mortier, Annelies, Latham, David W., Horne, Keith, Haywood, Raphaëlle D., Gonzales, Erica, Goliguzova, Maria V., Collins, Karen A., Ciardi, David R., Bieryla, Allyson, Belinski, Alexander A., Watson, Christopher A., Vanderspek, Rolands, Udry, Stéphane, Sozzetti, Alessandro, Ségransan, Damien, Sasselov, Dimitar, Ricker, George R., Rice, Ken, Poretti, Ennio, Piotto, Giampaolo, Pepe, Francesco, Molinari, Emilio, Micela, Giuseppina, Mayor, Michel, Lovis, Christophe, López-Morales, Mercedes, Jenkins, Jon M., Essack, Zahra, Dumusque, Xavier, Doty, John P., Colón, Knicole D., Cameron, Andrew Collier, and Buchhave, Lars A.
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Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics - Abstract
Characterizing the bulk compositions of transiting exoplanets within the M dwarf radius valley offers a unique means to establish whether the radius valley emerges from an atmospheric mass loss process or is imprinted by planet formation itself. We present the confirmation of such a planet orbiting an early M dwarf ($T_{\rm mag} = 11.0294 \pm 0.0074, M_s = 0.513 \pm 0.012\ M_\odot, R_s = 0.515 \pm 0.015\ R_\odot, T_{\rm eff} =3690\pm 50 K$): TOI-1695 b ($P = 3.13$ days, $R_p = 1.90^{+0.16}_{-0.14}\ R_\oplus$). TOI-1695 b's radius and orbital period situate the planet between model predictions from thermally-driven mass loss versus gas depleted formation, offering an important test case for radius valley emergence models around early M dwarfs. We confirm the planetary nature of TOI-1695 b based on five sectors of TESS data and a suite of follow-up observations including 49 precise radial velocity measurements taken with the HARPS-N spectrograph. We measure a planetary mass of $6.36 \pm 1.00\ M_\oplus$, which reveals that TOI-1695 b is inconsistent with a purely terrestrial composition of iron and magnesium silicate, and instead is likely a water-rich planet. Our finding that TOI-1695 b is not terrestrial is inconsistent with the planetary system being sculpted by thermally driven mass loss. We present a statistical analysis of seven well-characterized planets within the M dwarf radius valley demonstrating that a thermally-driven mass loss scenario is unlikely to explain this population., Comment: 22 pages, 11 figures. Accepted in AJ
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- 2022
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69. Rossiter-McLaughlin detection of the 9-month period transiting exoplanet HIP41378 d
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Grouffal, S., Santerne, A., Bourrier, V., Dumusque, X., Triaud, A. H. M. J., Malavolta, L., Kunovac, V., Armstrong, D. J., Attia, O., Barros, S. C. C., Boisse, I., Deleuil, M., Demangeon, O. D. S., Dressing, C. D., Figueira, P., Lillo-Box, J., Mortier, A., Nardiello, D., Santos, N. C., and Sousa, S. G.
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Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics - Abstract
The Rossiter-McLaughlin (RM) effect is a method that allows us to measure the orbital obliquity of planets, which is an important constraint that has been used to understand the formation and migration mechanisms of planets, especially for hot Jupiters. In this paper, we present the RM observation of the Neptune-sized long-period transiting planet HIP41378 d. Those observations were obtained using the HARPS-N/TNG and ESPRESSO/ESO-VLT spectrographs over two transit events in 2019 and 2022. The analysis of the data with both the classical RM and the RM Revolutions methods allows us to confirm that the orbital period of this planet is 278 days and that the planet is on a prograde orbit with an obliquity of $\lambda$ = 57.1+26.4-17.9 degrees, a value which is consistent between both methods. HIP41378 d is the longest period planet for which the obliquity was measured so far. We do not detect transit timing variations with a precision of 30 and 100 minutes for the 2019 and 2022 transits, respectively. This result also illustrates that the RM effect provides a solution to follow-up from the ground the transit of small and long-period planets such as those that will be detected by the forthcoming ESA's PLATO mission., Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A
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- 2022
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70. Independent validation of the temperate Super-Earth HD79211 b using HARPS-N
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DiTomasso, Victoria, Nava, Chantanelle, López-Morales, Mercedes, Bieryla, Allyson, Cloutier, Ryan, Malavolta, Luca, Mortier, Annelies, Buchhave, Lars A., Stassun, Keivan G., Sozzetti, Alessandro, Bonomo, Aldo Stefano, Charbonneau, David, Cameron, Andrew Collier, Cosentino, Rosario, Damasso, Mario, Dumusque, Xavier, Fiorenzano, A. F. Martínez, Ghedina, Adriano, Harutyunyan, Avet, Haywood, R. D., Latham, David, Molinari, Emilio, Pepe, Francesco A., Pinamonti, Matteo, Poretti, Ennio, Rice, Ken, Sasselov, Dimitar, Stalport, Manu, Udry, Stéphane, Watson, Christopher, and Wilson, Thomas G.
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Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics - Abstract
We present high-precision radial velocities (RVs) from the HARPS-N spectrograph for HD79210 and HD79211, two M0V members of a gravitationally-bound binary system. We detect a planet candidate with a period of $24.421^{+0.016}_{-0.017}$ days around HD79211 in these HARPS-N RVs, validating the planet candidate originally identified in CARMENES RV data alone. Using HARPS-N, CARMENES and HIRES RVs spanning a total of 25 years, we further refine the planet candidate parameters to $P=24.422\pm0.014$ days, $K=3.19\pm0.27$ m/s, $M$ sin $i = 10.6 \pm 1.2 M_\oplus$, and $a = 0.142 \pm0.005$ au. We do not find any additional planet candidate signals in the data of HD79211 nor do we find any planet candidate signals in HD79210. This system adds to the number of exoplanets detected in binaries with M dwarf members, and serves as a case study for planet formation in stellar binaries., Comment: Accepted for publication in AJ, 29 pages, 17 figures
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- 2022
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71. Triangle or tripod? Neither: A diagrammatic investigation into a sign’s visual representation
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Thierry Mortier
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diagram triadicity ,triangle ,tripod ,triquetra ,irreducible triadic sign ,Language. Linguistic theory. Comparative grammar ,P101-410 - Abstract
This paper takes a look at the morphological structure of the two dominant diagrams (the triangle and the tripod) used in semiotic literature to represent the irreducible triadic sign of C. S. Peirce in order to evaluate their diagrammatic aptitude, i.e. allowing of deductive discoveries. Concluding that neither fully translates the properties attributed to the irreducible triadic sign on a visual level, an alternative diagram is proposed. This is a visual representation of the irreducible triadic sign that is directly connected with other fields of research, such as mathematics, but also with the work of Floyd Merrell and Paul Ryan and, most importantly, has the ability to bring both the pattern of a sign and the process of semiosis into one easily drawn diagram, the triquetra.
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- 2024
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72. Spontaneous regression of cutaneous lesions caused by Leishmania panamensis in a traveller returning from Costa Rica
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Pauline Di Paola, Christine Ngo Ngai, Margaux Froidefond, Barbara Doudier, Pierre Dudouet, Jean-Christophe Lagier, Coralie L’Ollivier, and Coline Mortier
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Leishmaniasis ,Cutaneous leishmaniasis ,Leishmania panamensis ,Travelers ,Skin ulcer ,Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,RC955-962 ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Published
- 2024
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73. One haemolytic anaemia may hide another: Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria masquerading as Plasmodium falciparum infection
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Alexandre-Raphael Wery, Coline Mortier, Quentin Cabrera, Mohamadou Niang, Moumini Kone, and Sarah Permal
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paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria ,breakthrough haemolysis ,haemolytic anaemia ,thrombocytopenia ,plasmodium falciparum ,Medicine - Abstract
Background: Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare, genetic and acquired haematologic disease that causes complement-mediated intravascular haemolytic anaemia, thrombosis and bone marrow failure. Case description: A 27-year-old migrant patient attended the emergency department in a context of fever and chills over the previous few days as well as chronic fatigue, dyspnoea and chest pain. His medical history included chronic anaemia and erectile dysfunction. Initial biology showed a haemoglobin of 6.3 g/dl, platelets of 25,000/µl, total leucocytes of 3,500/µl with 1,500 neutrophils. B12 vitamin, folic acid, ferritin and thyroid stimulating hormone were normal. Lactate dehydrogenase levels were high and haptoglobin was non-measurable. C-reactive protein was 46.1 mg/l. A thick blood smear revealed Plasmodium falciparum infection with 0.1% parasitaemia. The patient was treated with an oral combination of artemether and lumefantrine. Three weeks later, the patient consulted the infectious disease department given the lack of clinical improvement. The cytopenias worsened, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and reticulocytes increased. Tests for schistocytes, a thick blood smear for malaria and a direct Coombs test were negative; a myelogram was reassuring. An abdominal, pelvic and thoracic CT scan showed a mild hepatomegaly with no focal lesion and no splenomegaly or adenomegaly. A 12-colour flow cytometry unveiled a PNH clone on 90.9545% of neutrophils and 80.7371% of monocytes. Discussion: PNH patients can be vulnerable to parasites infection (such as P. falciparum) as it may trigger breakthrough haemolysis through uncontrolled resurgence of activity of the complement system. In our patient, P. falciparum infection was a confounding factor, as it commonly causes haemolytic anaemia and thrombocytopenia, and patients living in malaria-endemic regions can carry low parasitaemia while being slightly symptomatic or asymptomatic.
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- 2024
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74. Real-life efficacy of immunotherapy for Sézary syndrome: a multicenter observational cohort studyResearch in context
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Alizée Bozonnat, Marie Beylot-Barry, Olivier Dereure, Michel D’Incan, Gaëlle Quereux, Emmanuella Guenova, Marie Perier-Muzet, Stephane Dalle, Florent Grange, Manuelle-Anne Viguier, Caroline Ram-Wolff, Laurence Feldmeyer, Helmut Beltraminelli, Nathalie Bonnet, Florent Amatore, Eve Maubec, Nathalie Franck, Laurent Machet, François Chasset, Florence Brunet-Possenti, Jean-David Bouaziz, Maxime Battistella, Marie Donzel, Anne Pham-Ledard, Claudia Bejar, Hélène Moins-Teisserenc, Samia Mourah, Philippe Saiag, Ewa Hainaut, Catherine Michel, Guido Bens, Henri Adamski, François Aubin, Serge Boulinguez, Pascal Joly, Billal Tedbirt, Isabelle Templier, Laura Troin, Henri Montaudié, Saskia Ingen-Housz-Oro, Sarah Faiz, Laurent Mortier, Gabor Dobos, Martine Bagot, Matthieu Resche-Rigon, Claire Montlahuc, Arnaud Serret-Larmande, and Adèle de Masson
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Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma ,Sézary syndrome ,Mogamulizumab ,Monoclonal antibody ,Immunotherapy ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Summary: Background: Sézary syndrome is an extremely rare and fatal cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). Mogamulizumab, an anti-CCR4 monoclonal antibody, has recently been associated with increased progression-free survival in a randomized clinical trial in CTCL. We aimed to evaluate OS and prognostic factors in Sézary syndrome, including treatment with mogamulizumab, in a real-life setting. Methods: Data from patients with Sézary (ISCL/EORTC stage IV) and pre-Sézary (stage IIIB) syndrome diagnosed from 2000 to 2020 were obtained from 24 centers in Europe. Age, disease stage, plasma lactate dehydrogenases levels, blood eosinophilia at diagnosis, large-cell transformation and treatment received were analyzed in a multivariable Cox proportional hazard ratio model. This study has been registered in ClinicalTrials (SURPASSe01 study: NCT05206045). Findings: Three hundred and thirty-nine patients were included (58% men, median age at diagnosis of 70 years, Q1-Q3, 61–79): 33 pre-Sézary (9.7% of 339), 296 Sézary syndrome (87.3%), of whom 10 (2.9%) had large-cell transformation. One hundred and ten patients received mogamulizumab. Median follow-up was 58 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 53–68). OS was 46.5% (95% CI, 40.6%–53.3%) at 5 years. Multivariable analysis showed that age ≥ 80 versus
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- 2024
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75. Prioritizing Small Sets of Molecules for Synthesis through in‐silico Tools: A Comparison of Common Ranking Methods
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Breznik, Marko, Ge, Yunhui, Bluck, Joseph P, Briem, Hans, Hahn, David F, Christ, Clara D, Mortier, Jérémie, Mobley, David L, and Meier, Katharina
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Medicinal and Biomolecular Chemistry ,Chemical Sciences ,Networking and Information Technology R&D (NITRD) ,Proteins ,Molecular Docking Simulation ,Protein Binding ,Thermodynamics ,Algorithms ,Ligands ,Molecular Dynamics Simulation ,docking ,FEP ,MMGBSA ,drug design ,molecular modelling ,Organic Chemistry ,Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences ,Medicinal & Biomolecular Chemistry ,Medicinal and biomolecular chemistry ,Organic chemistry - Abstract
Prioritizing molecules for synthesis is a key role of computational methods within medicinal chemistry. Multiple tools exist for ranking molecules, from the cheap and popular molecular docking methods to more computationally expensive molecular-dynamics (MD)-based methods. It is often questioned whether the accuracy of the more rigorous methods justifies the higher computational cost and associated calculation time. Here, we compared the performance on ranking the binding of small molecules for seven scoring functions from five docking programs, one end-point method (MM/GBSA), and two MD-based free energy methods (PMX, FEP+). We investigated 16 pharmaceutically relevant targets with a total of 423 known binders. The performance of docking methods for ligand ranking was strongly system dependent. We observed that MD-based methods predominantly outperformed docking algorithms and MM/GBSA calculations. Based on our results, we recommend the application of MD-based free energy methods for prioritization of molecules for synthesis in lead optimization, whenever feasible.
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- 2023
76. CDBB West Cambridge Digital Twin: Lessons Learned
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Brazauskas, Justas, Danish, Matt, Safronov, Vadim, Verma, Rohit, Mortier, Richard, and Lewis, Ian
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Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control ,Computer Science - Networking and Internet Architecture ,C.2 ,C.3 ,H.5 ,I.6 - Abstract
The report describes the digital architecture developed for the West Cambridge Digital Twin, particularly focussed on real-time sensor data collection and analysis with a privacy framework allowing occupants of the buildings to be first-class participants in the system. The implementation has some notable characteristics. In particular 'push' technology is used throughout such that information streams from the incoming asynchronous individual sensor events through to the end-user web pages with the absolute minimum latency, including real-time generated simple and complex events derived from the the underlying sensor data and the updating of visualisations such as an in-building heatmap. We believe the ability of the entire system to respond in the timescale of individual sensor messages to be unique. JSON structures are used to represent all data types including sensor readings, sensor types, building objects, organisations and people, with the idea that JSON-LD may represent a more suitable way than XML/RDF for managing relations between those objects (such as the 'occupies' relationship of people to offices, or the 'type' relationship of sensors to sensor types)., Comment: 72 pages. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2103.04924, arXiv:2103.09169
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- 2022
77. A CHEOPS-enhanced view of the HD3167 system
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Bourrier, V., Deline, A., Krenn, A., Egger, J. A., Petit, A. C., Malavolta, L., Cretignier, M., Billot, N., Broeg, C., Florén, H. -G., Queloz, D., Alibert, Y., Bonfanti, A., Bonomo, A. S., Delisle, J. -B., Demangeon, O. D. S., Demory, B. -O., Dumusque, X., Ehrenreich, D., Haywood, R. D., Howell, S. B, Lendl, M., Mortier, A., Nigro, G., Salmon, S., Sousa, S. G., Wilson, T. G., Adibekyan, V., Alonso, R., Anglada, G., Bárczy, T., Navascues, D. Barrado y, Barros, S. C. C., Baumjohann, W., Beck, M., Benz, W., Biondi, F., Bonfils, X., Brandeker, A., Cabrera, J., Charnoz, S., Csizmadia, Sz., Cameron, A. Collier, Damasso, M., Davies, M. B., Deleuil, M., Delrez, L., Di Fabrizio, L., Erikson, A., Fortier, A., Fossati, L., Fridlund, M., Gandolfi, D., Gillon, M., Güdel, M., Heng, K., Hoyer, S., Isaak, K. G., Kiss, L. L., Laskar, J., Etangs, A. Lecavelier des, Lorenzi, V., Lovis, C., Magrin, D., Massa, A., Maxted, P. F. L., Nascimbeni, V., Olofsson, G., Ottensamer, R., Pagano, I., Pallé, E., Peter, G., Piotto, G., Pollacco, D., Ragazzoni, R., Rando, N., Rauer, H., Ribas, I., Santos, N. C., Scandariato, G., Ségransan, D., Simon, A. E., Smith, A. M. S., Steller, M., Szabó, Gy. M., Thomas, N., Udry, S., Van Grootel, V., Verrecchia, F., Walton, N., Beck, T., Buder, M., Ratti, F., Ulmer, B., and Viotto, V.
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Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics - Abstract
Much remains to be understood about the nature of exoplanets smaller than Neptune, most of which have been discovered in compact multi-planet systems. With its inner ultra-short period planet b aligned with the star and two larger outer planets d-c on polar orbits, the multi-planet system HD 3167 features a peculiar architecture and offers the possibility to investigate both dynamical and atmospheric evolution processes. To this purpose we combined multiple datasets of transit photometry and radial velocimetry (RV) to revise the properties of the system and inform models of its planets. This effort was spearheaded by CHEOPS observations of HD 3167b, which appear inconsistent with a purely rocky composition despite its extreme irradiation. Overall the precision on the planetary orbital periods are improved by an order of magnitude, and the uncertainties on the densities of the transiting planets b and c are decreased by a factor of 3. Internal structure and atmospheric simulations draw a contrasting picture between HD 3167d, likely a rocky super-Earth that lost its atmosphere through photo-evaporation, and HD 3167c, a mini-Neptune that kept a substantial primordial gaseous envelope. We detect a fourth, more massive planet on a larger orbit, likely coplanar with HD 3167d-c. Dynamical simulations indeed show that the outer planetary system d-c-e was tilted, as a whole, early in the system history, when HD 3167b was still dominated by the star influence and maintained its aligned orbit. RV data and direct imaging rule out that the companion that could be responsible for the present-day architecture is still bound to the HD\,3167 system. Similar global studies of multi-planet systems will tell how many share the peculiar properties of the HD3167 system, which remains a target of choice for follow-up observations and simulations., Comment: 22 pages, 23 pages, accepted for publication in A&A (18 August 2022). Updated author list in new version
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- 2022
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78. TOI-2196 b: Rare planet in the hot Neptune desert transiting a G-type star
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Persson, Carina M., Georgieva, Iskra Y., Gandolfi, Davide, Acuña, Lorena, Aguichine, Artem, Muresan, Alexandra, Guenther, Eike, Livingston, John, Collins, Karen A., Fridlund, Malcolm, Goffo, Elisa, Jenkins, James S., Kabáth, Petr, Korth, Judith, Levine, Alan M., Serrano, Luisa M., Vines, José, Barragán, Oscar, Carleo, Ilaria, Colon, Knicole D., Cochran, William D., Christiansen, Jessie L., Deeg, Hans J., Deleuil, Magali, Dragomir, Diana, Esposito, Massimiliamo, Gan, Tianjun, Grziwa, Sascha, Hatzes, Artie P., Hesse, Katharine, Horne, Keith, Jenkins, Jon M., Kielkopf, John F., Klagyivik, P., Lam, Kristine W. F., Latham, David W., Luque, Rafa, Orell-Miquel, Jaume, Mortier, Annelies, Mousis, Olivier, Narita, Noria, Osborne, Hannah L. M., Palle, Enric, Papini, Riccardo, Ricker, George R., Schmerling, Hendrik, Seager, Sara, Stassun, Keivan G., Van Eylen, Vincent, Vanderspek, Roland, Wang, Gavin, Winn, Joshua N., Wohler, Bill, Zambelli, Roberto, and Ziegler, Carl
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Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics - Abstract
Highly irradiated planets in the hot Neptune desert are usually either small (R < 2 Rearth) and rocky or they are gas giants with radii of >1 Rjup. Here, we report on the intermediate-sized planet TOI-2196 on a 1.2 day orbit around a G-type star discovered by TESS in sector 27. We collected 42 radial velocity measurements with the HARPS spectrograph to determine the mass. The radius of TOI-2196 b is 3.51 +/- 0.15 Rearth, which, combined with the mass of 26.0 +/- 1.3 Mearth, results in a bulk density of 3.31+0.51-0.43 g/cm3. Hence, the radius implies that this planet is a sub-Neptune, although the density is twice than that of Neptune. A significant trend in the HARPS radial velocities points to the presence of a distant companion with a lower limit on the period and mass of 220 days and 0.65 Mjup, respectively, assuming zero eccentricity. The short period of planet b implies a high equilibrium temperature of 1860 +/- 20 K, for zero albedo and isotropic emission. This places the planet in the hot Neptune desert, joining a group of very few planets in this parameter space discovered in recent years. These planets suggest that the hot Neptune desert may be divided in two parts for planets with equilibrium temperatures of > 1800 K: a hot sub-Neptune desert devoid of planets with radii of 1.8-3 Rearth and a sub-Jovian desert for radii of 5-12 Rearth. More planets in this parameter space are needed to further investigate this finding. Planetary interior structure models of TOI-2196 b are consistent with a H/He atmosphere mass fraction between 0.4 % and 3 %, with a mean value of 0.7 % on top of a rocky interior. We estimated the amount of mass this planet might have lost at a young age, and we find that while the mass loss could have been significant, the planet had not changed in terms of character: it was born as a small volatile-rich planet, and it remains one at present., Comment: 17 pages, 15 figures, 7 tables, accepted 11 July 2022 for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
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- 2022
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79. Word-Embeddings Distinguish Denominal and Root-Derived Verbs in Semitic
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Benbaji, Ido, Doron, Omri, and Hénot-Mortier, Adèle
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Computer Science - Computation and Language ,Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ,Computer Science - Machine Learning - Abstract
Proponents of the Distributed Morphology framework have posited the existence of two levels of morphological word formation: a lower one, leading to loose input-output semantic relationships; and an upper one, leading to tight input-output semantic relationships. In this work, we propose to test the validity of this assumption in the context of Hebrew word embeddings. If the two-level hypothesis is borne out, we expect state-of-the-art Hebrew word embeddings to encode (1) a noun, (2) a denominal derived from it (via an upper-level operation), and (3) a verb related to the noun (via a lower-level operation on the noun's root), in such a way that the denominal (2) should be closer in the embedding space to the noun (1) than the related verb (3) is to the same noun (1). We report that this hypothesis is verified by four embedding models of Hebrew: fastText, GloVe, Word2Vec and AlephBERT. This suggests that word embedding models are able to capture complex and fine-grained semantic properties that are morphologically motivated., Comment: In Proceedings E2ECOMPVEC, arXiv:2208.05313
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- 2022
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80. ABORAS: polarimetric, 10cm/s RV observations of the Sun as a star
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Jentink, Casper Farret, Mortier, Annelies, Snik, Frans, Dorval, Patrick, Thompson, Samantha J., Navarro, Ramon, and Naylor, Tim
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Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics - Abstract
We present a description of A dual-Beam pOlarimetric Robotic Aperture for the Sun (ABORAS), to serve as a Solar input with a dedicated Stokes V polarimeter for the HARPS3 high-resolution spectrograph. ABORAS has three main science drivers: trying to understand the physics behind stellar variability, tracking the long-term stability of HARPS3, and serve as a benchmark for Earth-sized exoplanet detection with HARPS3 by injecting an Earth RV signal into the data. By design, ABORAS will (together with the HARPS3 instrument) be able to measure 10cm/s variations in RV of the integrated Solar disk and detect integrated magnetic field levels at sub 1 Gauss level through circularly polarized light., Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, SPIE Proceedings pre-print, draft version 2
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- 2022
81. Health-Related Quality of Life with Pembrolizumab in Patients with Locally Advanced or Recurrent or Metastatic Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: KEYNOTE-629
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Bratland, Åse, Munoz-Couselo, Eva, Mortier, Laurent, Roshdy, Osama, González, Rene, Schachter, Jacob, Arance, Ana M., Grange, Florent, Meyer, Nicolas, Joshi, Abhishek Jagdish, Billan, Salem, Hughes, Brett G. M., Grob, Jean-Jacques, Ramakrishnan, Karthik, Ge, Joy, Gumuscu, Burak, Swaby, Ramona F., and Gutzmer, Ralf
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- 2023
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82. Genetic Screening of ZNF687 and PFN1 in a Paget’s Disease of Bone Cohort Indicates an Important Role for the Nuclear Localization Signal of ZNF687
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Huybrechts, Yentl, De Ridder, Raphaël, Steenackers, Ellen, Devogelaer, Jean-Pierre, Mortier, Geert, Hendrickx, Gretl, and Van Hul, Wim
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- 2023
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83. On the optimality of vagueness: “around”, “between” and the Gricean maxims
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Égré, Paul, Spector, Benjamin, Mortier, Adèle, and Verheyen, Steven
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- 2023
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84. Developing a clinical decision support system software prototype that assists in the management of patients with self-harm in the emergency department: protocol of the PERMANENS project
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Philippe Mortier, Franco Amigo, Madhav Bhargav, Susana Conde, Montse Ferrer, Oskar Flygare, Busenur Kizilaslan, Laura Latorre Moreno, Angela Leis, Miguel Angel Mayer, Víctor Pérez-Sola, Ana Portillo-Van Diest, Juan Manuel Ramírez-Anguita, Ferran Sanz, Gemma Vilagut, Jordi Alonso, Lars Mehlum, Ella Arensman, Johan Bjureberg, Manuel Pastor, and Ping Qin
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Suicide ,Intentional self-harm ,Hospital Emergency Service ,Clinical decision support system ,Machine learning ,Risk Assessment ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
Abstract Background Self-harm presents a significant public health challenge. Emergency departments (EDs) are crucial healthcare settings in managing self-harm, but clinician uncertainty in risk assessment may contribute to ineffective care. Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSSs) show promise in enhancing care processes, but their effective implementation in self-harm management remains unexplored. Methods PERMANENS comprises a combination of methodologies and study designs aimed at developing a CDSS prototype that assists clinicians in the personalized assessment and management of ED patients presenting with self-harm. Ensemble prediction models will be constructed by applying machine learning techniques on electronic registry data from four sites, i.e., Catalonia (Spain), Ireland, Norway, and Sweden. These models will predict key adverse outcomes including self-harm repetition, suicide, premature death, and lack of post-discharge care. Available registry data include routinely collected electronic health record data, mortality data, and administrative data, and will be harmonized using the OMOP Common Data Model, ensuring consistency in terminologies, vocabularies and coding schemes. A clinical knowledge base of effective suicide prevention interventions will be developed rooted in a systematic review of clinical practice guidelines, including quality assessment of guidelines using the AGREE II tool. The CDSS software prototype will include a backend that integrates the prediction models and the clinical knowledge base to enable accurate patient risk stratification and subsequent intervention allocation. The CDSS frontend will enable personalized risk assessment and will provide tailored treatment plans, following a tiered evidence-based approach. Implementation research will ensure the CDSS’ practical functionality and feasibility, and will include periodic meetings with user-advisory groups, mixed-methods research to identify currently unmet needs in self-harm risk assessment, and small-scale usability testing of the CDSS prototype software. Discussion Through the development of the proposed CDSS software prototype, PERMANENS aims to standardize care, enhance clinician confidence, improve patient satisfaction, and increase treatment compliance. The routine integration of CDSS for self-harm risk assessment within healthcare systems holds significant potential in effectively reducing suicide mortality rates by facilitating personalized and timely delivery of effective interventions on a large scale for individuals at risk of suicide.
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- 2024
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85. A prevention program for binge drinking among students based on mindfulness and implementation intention (ALCOMEDIIT): a randomized controlled trial
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Jessica Mange, Nicolas Mauny, Charlotte Montcharmont, Eve Legrand, Maud Lemercier-Dugarin, Arnaud Mortier, Martin Duvivier, Johnny Leveneur, Cédric Lacherez, Nicolas Cabé, and Anne-Pascale Le Berre
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Prevention ,Alcohol ,Binge drinking ,Motivational interviewing ,Mindfulness meditation ,Implementation intentions ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Abstract Background The emergence of new problematic alcohol consumption practices among young people requires new dynamics in prevention strategies. In this context, the ADUC project (Alcohol and Drugs at the University of Caen) aims to develop a better understanding of alcohol consumption, and in particular the practice of binge drinking (BD) in students, in order to develop relevant and adapted prevention tools. The ALCOMEDIIT study (Rin Normandie and IRESP funding; Agreement 20II31-00 - ADUC part 3) is a randomized controlled trial that focuses on the specific determinant of impulsivity. The main objective of this experiment is to assess a program for the prevention of BD practices based on motivational interviewing (MI) associated with implementation intention (II) and mindfulness meditation (MBM) in a student environment. Methods This study will include 170 healthy subjects who will be students at the university, alcohol users, with a BD score > 1 in the month preceding the inclusion but not presenting any specific disorder. The trial will be proposed by e-mail and students who meet the inclusion criteria will join either a control group which will benefit from a MI or an experimental group which will additionally benefit from an initiation to MBM with II (initial visit T0). In order to measure the effectiveness of the prevention program in terms of BD decrease, a follow-up at 1 month (T1) as well as a follow-up at 6 months (T6; exploratory) will be proposed to all participants. The total duration of this research protocol is 21 months. Discussion The purpose of this study is to evaluate the interest of associating mindfulness meditation practices and implementation of self-regulation strategies to optimize their use, with a motivational interview in an innovative prevention program aiming at reducing alcohol use and BD practice in the student population. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05565989, September 30, 2022. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05565989 Protocol version 2.0 (September 2022) No. ID-RCB : 2022-A00983-40
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- 2024
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86. On the Calibration of Probabilistic Classifier Sets
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Mortier, Thomas, Bengs, Viktor, Hüllermeier, Eyke, Luca, Stijn, and Waegeman, Willem
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Statistics - Machine Learning ,Computer Science - Machine Learning - Abstract
Multi-class classification methods that produce sets of probabilistic classifiers, such as ensemble learning methods, are able to model aleatoric and epistemic uncertainty. Aleatoric uncertainty is then typically quantified via the Bayes error, and epistemic uncertainty via the size of the set. In this paper, we extend the notion of calibration, which is commonly used to evaluate the validity of the aleatoric uncertainty representation of a single probabilistic classifier, to assess the validity of an epistemic uncertainty representation obtained by sets of probabilistic classifiers. Broadly speaking, we call a set of probabilistic classifiers calibrated if one can find a calibrated convex combination of these classifiers. To evaluate this notion of calibration, we propose a novel nonparametric calibration test that generalizes an existing test for single probabilistic classifiers to the case of sets of probabilistic classifiers. Making use of this test, we empirically show that ensembles of deep neural networks are often not well calibrated.
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- 2022
87. Multi-Mask Least-Squares Deconvolution: Extracting RVs using tailored masks
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Lienhard, F., Mortier, A., Buchhave, L., Cameron, A. Collier, Lopez-Morales, M., Sozzetti, A., Watson, C. A., and Cosentino, R.
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Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics - Abstract
To push the radial velocity (RV) exoplanet detection threshold, it is crucial to find more reliable radial velocity extraction methods. The Least-Squares Deconvolution (LSD) technique has been used to infer the stellar magnetic flux from spectropolarimetric data for the past two decades. It relies on the assumption that stellar absorption lines are similar in shape. Although this assumption is simplistic, LSD provides a good model for intensity spectra and likewise an estimate for their Doppler shift. We present the Multi-Mask Least-Squares Deconvolution (MM-LSD) RV extraction pipeline which extracts the radial velocity from two-dimensional echelle-order spectra using LSD with multiple tailored masks after continuum normalisation and telluric absorption line correction. The flexibility of LSD allows to exclude spectral lines or pixels at will, providing a means to exclude variable lines or pixels affected by instrumental problems. The MM-LSD pipeline was tested on HARPS-N data for the Sun and selected well-observed stars with 5.7 < Vmag < 12.6. For FGK-type stars with median signal-to-noise above 100, the pipeline delivered RV time series with on average 12 per cent lower scatter as compared to the HARPS-N RV extraction pipeline based on the Cross-Correlation Function technique. The MM-LSD pipeline may be used as a standalone RV code, or modified and extended to extract a proxy for the magnetic field strength., Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. Code available on github: https://github.com/florian-lienhard/MM-LSD. 16 pages, 15 figures
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- 2022
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88. Choice of mixture Poisson models based on Extreme value theory
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Valiquette, Samuel, Mortier, Frédéric, Peyhardi, Jean, and Toulemonde, Gwladys
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Mathematics - Statistics Theory - Abstract
Count data are omnipresent in many applied fields, often with overdispersion due to an excess of zeroes or extreme values. With mixtures of Poisson distributions representing an elegant and appealing modelling strategy, we focus here on the challenging problem of identifying a suitable mixing distribution and study how extreme value theory can be used. We propose an original strategy to select the most appropriate candidate among three categories: Fr{\'e}chet, Gumbel and pseudo-Gumbel. Such an approach is presented with the aid of a decision tree and evaluated with numerical simulations.
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- 2022
89. 'Watch Your Tone': The Experiences of African American Parents of Students on the Autism Spectrum in Parent-School Partnerships
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Brown, Isabella C. and Mortier, Kathleen
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The success of all school-age children relies heavily on active engagement between caregivers and school communities (Francis et al., 2016). Meaningful parent-school partnerships involve reciprocal relationships that build on each other's expertise and are based on good communication, professional competence, advocacy, commitment, equality, and trust (Kyzar, Haines, Turnbull, & Summers, 2017). However, many African Americans struggle with school partnerships (Latunde & Clark-Louque, 2016; Williams, Pemberton, & Dyce, 2012). In special education, family-school partnership is particularly important and is mandated by federal law as part of the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act of 2004 because of the need for shared decisions on the child's educational goals, services, and placement. This research aimed to build on the existing literature by gaining a deeper understanding of the experiences of African American parents of children on the autism spectrum within their families and communities and their experiences and needs while navigating school communities. This study reiterates the necessity for schools and district staff to improve efforts to build trust, increase representation, and acknowledge the impact of turning a blind eye to inequality and cultural unawareness for this demographic of parents and students. Increasing awareness about autism in the African American community and in schools, involving cultural brokers, creating communities of practice, and practicing cultural humility are ways of ensuring quality and equality for students with autism in educational settings.
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- 2021
90. 'The Latino Community Is Not Accustomed to Arguing for the Rights of Their Children': How Latina Mothers Navigate Special Education
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Mortier, Kathleen and Arias, Edith
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With a rapidly increasing number of Latinx students in a special education system that requires parent advocacy, it is imperative to study the perspectives Latinx families have on how to improve family-school partnerships. In this research, semi-structured interviews with 10 Latinx mothers who have children with disabilities led to insights about stressors and barriers, how families can be empowered, and how trusting partnerships can be facilitated. Implications for the field of special education are discussed.
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- 2023
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91. Efficacy and safety of short-course radiotherapy versus total neoadjuvant therapy in older rectal cancer patients: a randomised pragmatic trial (SHAPERS)
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R. Saúde-Conde, T. Vandamme, M. De Backer, P. Martinive, A. Covas, A. Deleporte, A. Dermine, F. Forget, K. Geboes, Q. Gilliaux, Y. Gokburun, E. Gonne, I. Joye, S. Lecomte, G. Liberale, W. Lybaert, L. Moretti, L. Mortier, S. Mupingu Mwanawa, F. Puleo, E.D. Saad, I. Sinapi, L. Annemans, M. Buyse, and F. Sclafani
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rectal cancer ,older patients ,short-course radiotherapy ,total neoadjuvant therapy ,net treatment benefit ,generalised pairwise comparisons ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Although total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) is a new standard of care for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC), there are no data to confirm the safety and efficacy of this approach in older patients. SHAPERS is a multicentre, open-label, randomised pragmatic trial, aiming to assess whether neoadjuvant short-course radiotherapy (SCRT) is a better trade-off between safety and efficacy than TNT in LARC patients aged ≥70 years. Eligible patients are randomised in a 1 : 1 ratio to SCRT followed by surgery [or watch & wait (w&w)] ± adjuvant chemotherapy or TNT (either SCRT followed by 12-18 weeks of chemotherapy, or long-course chemoradiotherapy followed or preceded by 16 weeks of chemotherapy, based on the investigator’s choice) followed by surgery (or w&w). The primary endpoint is the net treatment benefit, a multicomponent measure of treatment effect based on generalised pairwise comparisons, and defined by four prioritised outcome measures: (i) overall survival at 3 years; (ii) progression-free survival at 3 years; (iii) increased-grade peripheral sensory neuropathy at 3 years; (iv) grade ≥3 toxicities during treatment. The study sample size includes 230 eligible patients, to be recruited at 15-20 centres in Belgium. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06052332).
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- 2024
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92. Initial waterline contamination by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in newly installed dental chairs
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Alexandre Baudet, Julie Lizon, Arnaud Florentin, and Éric Mortier
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water quality ,infectious control ,dental chair ,waterlines ,water microbiology ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
ABSTRACT Water contamination in dental unit waterlines (DUWLs) is a potential source of healthcare-associated infection during dental care. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality of DUWLs water from newly installed dental chairs in a French University Hospital. The microbiological quality of water from 24 new DUWLs initially disinfected by ICX Renew—prior to use of the dental units for patient treatment—was assessed for total culturable aerobic bacteria at 22°C and 36°C, Legionella sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and total coliforms. Among the 24 samples analyzed, 21 were compliant with the water quality levels: 19 had no bacteria, and 2 contained only 4 and 1 CFU/mL for total culturable aerobic bacteria at 22°C and 36°C, respectively. Three samples were non-compliant due to contamination by P. aeruginosa (4, 2, and 2 CFU/100 mL). Controlling and preventing the microbiological contamination of DUWLs, especially by pathogenic bacteria, at the time of the installation of the new dental chairs are crucial to prevent healthcare-associated infection in dentistry.IMPORTANCEDental unit waterlines (DUWLs) of new dental chairs may be contaminated before their first clinical use, so an initial shock disinfection is crucial at the time of their installation. The microbiological analyses are crucial to control the water quality of DUWLs before their first clinical use because their disinfection does not guarantee the elimination of all bacteria.
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- 2024
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93. Immunovirological status in people with perinatal and adult-acquired HIV-1 infection: a multi-cohort analysis from FranceResearch in context
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Rémonie Seng, Pierre Frange, Albert Faye, Catherine Dollfus, Jérôme le Chenadec, Faroudy Boufassa, Asma Essat, Tessa Goetghebuer, Elisa Arezes, Véronique Avettand-Fènoël, Jean-Joël Bigna, Stéphane Blanche, Cécile Goujard, Laurence Meyer, Josiane Warszawski, Jean-Paul Viard, H. Aumaitre, E. Froguel, F. Caby, S. Dellion, L. Gerard, F. Lucht, C. Chirouze, M. Dupon, Jl Schmit, C. Goujard, T. Allegre, B. Cazenave, G. Hittinger, P. De Truchis, J. Cailhol, C. Duvivier, A. Canestri, O. Bouchaud, M. Karmochkine, D. Salmon-Ceron, D. Zucman, E. Mortier, R. Tubiana, P.M. Girard, C. Pintado, A. Cabie, V. Rabier, P. Morlat, D. Neau, C. Genet, D. Makhloufi, S Bregigeon Ronot, J. Ghosn, V. Reliquet, P. Perré, Jl Pellegrin, C. Arvieux, C. Cheneau, L. Bernard, P. Delobel, R. Verdon, C. Jacomet, L. Piroth, F. Ajana, S. Bevilacqua, Y. Debab, A.L. Lecapitaine, L. Cotte, S. Mokhtari, P. Mercie, P. Poubeau, V. Garrait, Ma Khuong, G. Beck-Wirth, L. Blum, S. Blanche, F. Boccara, T. Prazuck, C. Barbuat, J.P. Viard, S. Stegmann-Planchard, B. Martha, J.M. Treluyer, E. Dore, C. Gaud, M. Niault, E. Fernandes, H. Hitoto, A. Compagnucci, N. Elenga, A. Faye, C. Dollfus, A. Chace, M. Levine, S.A. Martha, C. Floch-Tudal, K. Kebaïli, N. Entz-Werle, J. Tricoire, F. Mazingue, P. Bolot, P. Brazille, T. Goetghebuer, A.F. Gennotte, D. Van Der Linden, V. Schmitz, M. Moutschen, C. Crenn-Hebert, F. Habibi, A. Coursol, E. Guesdon, P.F. Ceccaldi, M. Dehlinger – Paul, E. Pannier, V. Marcou, C. Elleau, M. Achkar, M.O. Vareil, S. Couderc, C. Routier, M.A. Bouldouyre, L. Selleret, A. Chabrol, C. Bellahcene, C. Pluchart, A. Yangui, D. Vignes, A. Alissa, A. Johnson, E. Lachassinne, A. Benbara, L. Karaoui, A. Bongain, B. Yakeu, J.L. Schmit, L. Cravello, C. Hubert, P. Faucher, D. Pinquier, C. Borie, D. Rocchi, C. Brunet-Cartier, C. Briandet, J. Brouard, A. Chalvon-Demersay, M. Rajguru, K. Billiemaz, A. Fresard, A. Moulin, P. Fialaire, L. Mesnard, E. Werner, E. Vintejoux, J. Marian, S. Ranaivojaona, F. Bissuel, M. Abdelhadi, Y. Hammou, C. Genet-Villeger, Y. Hatchuel, G. Bachelard, M. Medus, J. Dendale – Nguyen, T.S. Guimard, A. Martha, M. Rouha, P. Perfezou, L. De Saint Martin, S. Jaffuel, R. Buzele, M. Gousseff, C. Cudeville, V. Vitrat, C. Michau, G. Palenzuela, M. Driessen, B. Heller-Roussin, J.M. Labaune, B. Muanza, J. Massardier, M. Partisani, I. Hau, C. Runel-Belliard, C. Brehin, K. Kebaili, M. Lalande, M. Lagree, K. Lacombe, J.-M. Molina, J. Reynes, O. Robineau, F. Raffi, A. Becker, L. Weiss, T. Allègre, G. Pialoux, F. Souala, A. Rami, C. Katlama, A. Cabié, J.-P. Viard, F. Bastides, C. Michel, D. Salmon, J-D Le Lièvre, A. Sotto, E. Rouveix, A. Naqvi, S. Brégigeon, R. Rodet, A. Simon-Coutelier, J.-L. Esnault, R. Buzelé, A. Stein, C. Godin-Colet, G. Pichancourt, P. Caraux-Paz, M Mohseni Zadeh, L. Gérard, C. Lascaux-Cametz, L. Bodard, J.-L. Pellegrin, N. Ettahar, A. Uludag, E. Rosenthal, F. Prevoteau du Clary, S. Jaureguiberry, P. Philibert, A.-L. Lecapitaine, E. Chakvetadze, H. Champagne, V. Daneluzzi, J. Goupil de Bouillé, A. Leprêtre, I. Lamaury, I. Darasteanu, B. Abraham, D. Garipuy, J.-L. Berger, J.-L. Schmit, K. Diallo, F. Gourdon, O. Vaillant, V. Gaborieau, J. Doll, D. Quinsat, L. Geffray, J.-J. Girard, D. Houlbert, V. Perronne, E. Klement, O. Antioniotti, C. Rouzioux, V. Avettand-Fenoel, O. Lortholary, S. Boucly, A. Maignan, R. Thiebaut, L. Meyer, F. Boufassa, M.A. Charles, R. Dray-Spira, C. Legeai, V. Amon, N. Benammar, R. Seng, L. Slama, P. Bonnard, C. Chakvetadze, T. L’Yavanc, J. Capeau, C. Vigouroux, S. Fellahi, J.P. Bastard, E. Oksenhendler, J.F. Bourge, V. Bajzik, D. Sereni, C. Lascoux-Combe, O. Taulera, L.V. Dien, J. Delgado, J.M. Molina, T. Saint-Marc, S. Ferret, J. Pavie, J.F. Bergmann, M. Parrinello, BLefebvre, C. Boudraa, B. Diallo, C. Lupin, S. Herson, A. Simon, N. Edeb, L. Guillevin, T. Tahi, M.P. Pietri, D. Tisne-Dessus, C. Jalbert, P. Yeni, S. Matheron, G. Pahlavan, B. Phung, N. El-Alami Talbi, Z. Ramani, G. Catalano, C. Godard, F. Boue, V. Chambrin, D. Bornarel, H. Schoen, R. Carlier, B. Fantin, C. Poder, R. Dhote, M. Bentata, P. Honore, Xuan Tuyet, J.F. Delfraissy, F. Chaix, M.T. Rannou, Y. Levy, A. Sobel, C. Dumont, S. Abel, S. Pierre-François, V. Beaujolais, I. Poizot-Martin, O. Zaegel-Faucher, C. Debreux, J. Moreau, E. Van Der Gheynst, M.C. Thiebaut-Drobacheff, A. Foltzer, B. Hoen, J.F. Faucher, H. Gil, J.M. Ragnaud, I. Raymond, I. Louis, M. Hessamfar, V. Baillat, C Merle De Boever, C. Tramoni, A. Soufflet, P. Guadagnin, P. Choutet, O. Mounoury, D. Brosseau, H. Hue, T. May, S. Wassoumbou, M. Stenzel, M.P. Bouillon, Y. Yazdanpanah, T. Huleux, E. Aissi, S. Pavel, D. Rey, P. Fischer, G. Blaison, M. Martinot, A. Pachart, F. Jeanblanc, J.L. Touraine, C. Trepo, P. Miailhes, K. Kouadjo, V. Thoirain, C. Brochier, P. Perre, S. Leautez, J.L. Esnault, and I. Suaud
- Subjects
Perinatal HIV infection ,Cohort ,Viral failure ,Immunological outcome ,Epidemiology ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Summary: Background: No study has compared the virological and immunological status of young people with perinatally-acquired HIV infection (P-HIV) with that of people with HIV adulthood (A-HIV) having a similar duration of infection. Methods: 5 French cohorts of P-HIV and A-HIV patients with a known date of HIV-infection and receiving antiretroviral treatment (ART), were used to compare the following proportions of: virological failure (VF) defined as plasma HIV RNA ≥ 50 copies/mL, CD4 cell percentages and CD4:CD8 ratios, at the time of the most recent visit since 2012. The analysis was stratified on time since infection, and multivariate models were adjusted for demographics and treatment history. Findings: 310 P-HIV were compared to 1515 A-HIV (median current ages 20.9 [IQR:14.4–25.5] and 45.9 [IQR:37.9–53.5] respectively). VF at the time of the most recent evaluation was significantly higher among P-HIV (22.6%, 69/306) than A-HIV (3.3%, 50/1514); p ≤ 0.0001. The risk of VF was particularly high among the youngest children (2–5 years), adolescents (13–17 years) and young adults (18–24 years), compared to A-HIV with a similar duration of infection: adjusted Odds-Ratio (aOR) 7.0 [95% CI: 1.7; 30.0], 11.4 [4.2; 31.2] and 3.3 [1.0; 10.8] respectively. The level of CD4 cell percentages did not differ between P-HIV and A-HIV. P-HIV aged 6–12 and 13–17 were more likely than A-HIV to have a CD4:CD8 ratio ≥ 1: 84.1% vs. 58.8% (aOR = 3.5 [1.5; 8.3]), and 60.9% vs. 54.7% (aOR = 1.9 [0.9; 4.2]) respectively. Interpretation: P-HIV were at a higher risk of VF than A-HIV with a similar duration of infection, even after adjusting for treatment history, whereas they were not at a higher risk of immunological impairment. Exposure to viral replication among young patients living with HIV since birth or a very early age, probably because of lower adherence, could have an impact on health, raising major concerns about the selection of resistance mutations and the risk of HIV transmission. Funding: Inserm - ANRS MIE.
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- 2024
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94. The Effect of Using a Client-Accessible Health Record on Perceived Quality of Care: Interview Study Among Parents and Adolescents
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Janine Benjamins, Emely de Vet, Chloe A de Mortier, and Annemien Haveman-Nies
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Medicine - Abstract
BackgroundPatient-accessible electronic health records (PAEHRs) are assumed to enhance the quality of care, expressed in terms of safety, effectiveness, timeliness, person centeredness, efficiency, and equity. However, research on the impact of PAEHRs on the perceived quality of care among parents, children, and adolescents is largely lacking. In the Netherlands, a PAEHR (Iuvenelis) was developed for preventive child health care and youth care. Parents and adolescents had access to its full content, could manage appointments, ask questions, and comment on written reports. ObjectiveThis study aims to assess whether and how using this PAEHR contributes to perceived quality of care from a client’s perspective. MethodsWe chose a qualitative design with a phenomenological approach to explore how parents and adolescents perceived the impact of using a PAEHR on quality of care. In-depth interviews that simultaneously included 1 to 3 people were conducted in 2021. In total, 20 participants were included in the study, representing parents and adolescents, both sexes, different educational levels, different native countries, and all participating municipalities. Within this group, 7 of 13 (54%) parents had not previously been informed about the existence of a client portal. Their expectations of using the client portal, in relation to quality of care, were discussed after a demonstration of the portal. ResultsParents and adolescents perceived that using Iuvenelis contributed to the quality of care because they felt better informed and more involved in the care process than before the introduction of Iuvenelis. Moreover, they experienced more control over their health data, faster and simpler access to their health information, and found it easier to manage appointments or ask questions at their convenience. Parents from a migratory background, among whom 6 of 7 (86%) had not previously been informed about the portal, expected that portal access would enhance their understanding of and control over their care processes. The parents expressed concerns about equity because parents from a migratory background might have less access to the service. Nevertheless, portal usability was regarded as high. Furthermore, both parents and adolescents saw room for improvement in the broader interdisciplinary use of Iuvenelis and the quality of reporting. ConclusionsUsing Iuvenelis can contribute to the client-experienced quality of care, more specifically to perceived person centeredness, timeliness, safety, efficiency, and integration of care. However, some quality aspects, such as equity, still need addressing. In general, client information about the portal needs to be improved, specifically focusing on people in vulnerable circumstances, such as those from migratory backgrounds. In addition, to maximize the potential benefit of using Iuvenelis, stimulating a person-centered attitude among professionals is important. Considering the small number of adolescent participants (n=7), adding quantitative data from a structured survey could strengthen the available evidence.
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- 2024
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95. Reverse transcription of plasma-derived HIV-1 RNA generates multiple artifacts through tRNA(Lys-3)-priming
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Jarryt Hardy, Els Demecheleer, Marlies Schauvliege, Delfien Staelens, Virginie Mortier, and Chris Verhofstede
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HIV-1 ,reverse transcription ,RNA Sequencing ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
ABSTRACTIn vitro reverse transcription of full-length HIV-1 RNA extracted from the blood plasma of people living with HIV-1 remains challenging. Here, we describe the initiation of reverse transcription of plasma-derived viral RNA in the absence of an exogenous primer. Real-time PCR and Sanger sequencing were applied to identify the source and to monitor the outcome of this reaction. Results demonstrated that during purification of viral RNA from plasma, tRNA(Lys-3) is co-extracted in a complex with the viral RNA. In the presence of a reverse transcription enzyme, this tRNA(Lys-3) can induce reverse transcription, a reaction that is not confined to transcription of the 5’ end of the viral RNA. A range of cDNA products is generated, most of them indicative for the occurrence of in vitro strand transfer events that involve translocation of cDNA from the 5’ end to random positions on the viral RNA. This process results in the formation of cDNAs with large internal deletions. However, near full-length cDNA and cDNA with sequence patterns resembling multiple spliced HIV-1 RNA were also detected. Despite its potential to introduce significant bias in the interpretation of results across various applications, tRNA(Lys-3)-driven reverse transcription has been overlooked thus far. A more in-depth study of this tRNA-driven in vitro reaction may provide new insight into the complex process of in vivo HIV-1 replication.IMPORTANCEThe use of silica-based extraction methods for purifying HIV-1 RNA from viral particles is a common practice, but it involves co-extraction of human tRNA(Lys-3) due to the strong interactions between these molecules. This co-extraction becomes particularly significant when the extracted RNA is used in reverse transcription reactions, as the tRNA(Lys-3) then serves as a primer. Reverse transcription from tRNA(Lys-3) is not confined to cDNA synthesis of the 5’ end of the viral RNA but extends across various regions of the viral genome through in vitro strand transfer events. Co-extraction of tRNA(Lys-3) has been overlooked thus far, despite its potential to introduce bias in downstream, reverse transcription-related applications. The observed events in the tRNA(Lys-3)-induced in vitro reverse transcription resemble in vivo replication processes. Therefore, these reactions may offer a unique model to better understand the replication dynamics of HIV-1.
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- 2024
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96. Eff the ineffable: on the uncommunicability of a conceptually simple contribution to HCI methodology
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Oliver, Helen, Mortier, Richard, and Crowcroft, Jon
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Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction - Abstract
Given a simple concept that has the potential for a methodological contribution to the field of HCI, the constraints of submission conventions within the field may make it impossible to communicate the concept in a manner that is intelligible to the reader., Comment: 9 pages
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- 2022
97. Human-centred home network security
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McAuley, Derek, Chen, Jiahong, Lodge, Tom, Mortier, Richard, Piasecki, Stanislaw, Popescu, Diana Andreea, and Urquhart, Lachlan
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Computer Science - Cryptography and Security ,Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction ,Computer Science - Networking and Internet Architecture - Abstract
This chapter draws from across the foregoing chapters discussing many core HDI approaches and disciplinary perspectives to consider the specific application of HDI in home network security. While much work has considered the challenges of securing in home IoT devices and their communications, especially for those with limited power or computational capacity, scant attention has been paid by the research community to home network security, and its acceptability and usability, from the viewpoint of ordinary citizens. It will be clear that we need a radical transformation in our approach to designing domestic networking infrastructure to guard against widespread cyber-attacks that threaten to counter the benefits of the IoT. Our aim has to be to defend against enemies inside the walls, to protect critical functionality in the home against rogue devices and prevent the proliferation of disruptive wide-scale IoT DDOS attacks that are already occurring [1]., Comment: Preprint of Chapter 9 of Privacy by Design for the Internet of Things: Building accountability and security
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- 2022
98. Distributed data analytics
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Mortier, Richard, Haddadi, Hamed, Servia, Sandra, and Wang, Liang
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Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing ,Computer Science - Cryptography and Security ,Computer Science - Machine Learning - Abstract
Machine Learning (ML) techniques have begun to dominate data analytics applications and services. Recommendation systems are a key component of online service providers. The financial industry has adopted ML to harness large volumes of data in areas such as fraud detection, risk-management, and compliance. Deep Learning is the technology behind voice-based personal assistants, etc. Deployment of ML technologies onto cloud computing infrastructures has benefited numerous aspects of our daily life. The advertising and associated online industries in particular have fuelled a rapid rise the in deployment of personal data collection and analytics tools. Traditionally, behavioural analytics relies on collecting vast amounts of data in centralised cloud infrastructure before using it to train machine learning models that allow user behaviour and preferences to be inferred. A contrasting approach, distributed data analytics, where code and models for training and inference are distributed to the places where data is collected, has been boosted by two recent, ongoing developments: increased processing power and memory capacity available in user devices at the edge of the network, such as smartphones and home assistants; and increased sensitivity to the highly intrusive nature of many of these devices and services and the attendant demands for improved privacy. Indeed, the potential for increased privacy is not the only benefit of distributing data analytics to the edges of the network: reducing the movement of large volumes of data can also improve energy efficiency, helping to ameliorate the ever increasing carbon footprint of our digital infrastructure, enabling much lower latency for service interactions than is possible when services are cloud-hosted. These approaches often introduce challenges in privacy, utility, and efficiency trade-offs, while having to ensure fruitful user engagement., Comment: Accepted as Chapter 8 of "Privacy by Design for the Internet of Things: Building accountability and security"
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- 2022
99. Set-valued prediction in hierarchical classification with constrained representation complexity
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Mortier, Thomas, Hüllermeier, Eyke, Dembczyński, Krzysztof, and Waegeman, Willem
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Computer Science - Machine Learning ,Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ,Statistics - Machine Learning - Abstract
Set-valued prediction is a well-known concept in multi-class classification. When a classifier is uncertain about the class label for a test instance, it can predict a set of classes instead of a single class. In this paper, we focus on hierarchical multi-class classification problems, where valid sets (typically) correspond to internal nodes of the hierarchy. We argue that this is a very strong restriction, and we propose a relaxation by introducing the notion of representation complexity for a predicted set. In combination with probabilistic classifiers, this leads to a challenging inference problem for which specific combinatorial optimization algorithms are needed. We propose three methods and evaluate them on benchmark datasets: a na\"ive approach that is based on matrix-vector multiplication, a reformulation as a knapsack problem with conflict graph, and a recursive tree search method. Experimental results demonstrate that the last method is computationally more efficient than the other two approaches, due to a hierarchical factorization of the conditional class distribution.
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- 2022
100. Relaxed Paxos: Quorum Intersection Revisited (Again)
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Howard, Heidi and Mortier, Richard
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Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing - Abstract
Distributed consensus, the ability to reach agreement in the face of failures, is a fundamental primitive for constructing reliable distributed systems. The Paxos algorithm is synonymous with consensus and widely utilized in production. Paxos uses two phases: phase one and phase two, each requiring a quorum of acceptors, to reach consensus during a round of the protocol. Traditionally, Paxos requires that all quorums, regardless of phase or round, intersect and majorities are often used for this purpose. Flexible Paxos proved that it is only necessary for phase one quorum of a given round to intersect with the phase two quorums of all previous rounds. In this paper, we re-examine how Paxos approaches the problem of consensus. We look again at quorum intersection in Flexible Paxos and observe that quorum intersection can be safely weakened further. Most notably, we observe that if a proposer learns that a value was proposed in some previous round then its phase one no longer needs to intersect with the phase two quorums from that round or from any previous rounds. Furthermore, in order to provide an intuitive explanation of our results, we propose a novel abstraction for reasoning about Paxos which utilizes write-once registers., Comment: to be published in the 9th Workshop on Principles and Practice of Consistency for Distributed Data (PaPoC'22)
- Published
- 2022
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