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53. Targeting QKI-7 in vivo restores endothelial cell function in diabetes

Author

Yang, Chunbo, Eleftheriadou, Magdalini, Kelaini, Sophia, Morrison, Thomas, González, Marta Vilà, Caines, Rachel, Edwards, Nicola, Yacoub, Andrew, Edgar, Kevin, Moez, Arya, Ivetic, Aleksandar, Zampetaki, Anna, Zeng, Lingfang, Wilkinson, Fiona L., Lois, Noemi, Stitt, Alan W., Grieve, David J., and Margariti, Andriana

Published
2020
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55. Using sulfur stable isotope ratios (δ34S) for animal geolocation: Estimating the delay mechanisms between diet ingestion and isotope incorporation in tail hair.

Author

Kabalika, Zabibu, Haydon, Daniel T., McGill, Rona A. R., Morales, Juan M., Morrison, Thomas A., Newton, Jason, and Hopcraft, J. Grant C.

Subjects
SULFUR isotopes, STABLE isotopes, INGESTION, ISOTOPES, SULFUR metabolism, SULFUR cycle, HAIR analysis
Abstract

Rationale: Metabolism and diet quality play an important role in determining delay mechanisms between an animal ingesting an element and depositing the associated isotope signal in tissue. While many isotope mixing models assume instantaneous reflection of diet in an animal– tissue, this is rarely the case. Here we use data from wildebeest to measure the lag time between ingestion of 34S and its detection in tail hair. Methods: We use time‐lagged regression analysis of δ34S data from GPS‐collared blue wildebeest from the Serengeti ecosystem in combination with δ34S isoscape data to estimate the lag time between an animal ingesting and depositing 34S in tail hair. Results: The best fitting regression model of δ34S in tail hair and an individual– position on the δ34S isoscape is generated assuming an average time delay of 78 days between ingestion and detection in tail hair. This suggests that sulfur may undergo multiple metabolic transitions before being deposited in tissue. Conclusion: Our findings help to unravel the underlying complexities associated with sulfur metabolism and are broadly consistent with results from other species. These findings will help to inform research aiming to apply the variation of δ34S in inert biological material for geolocation or understanding dietary changes, especially for fast moving migratory ungulates such as wildebeest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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57. Instructional practices in secondary science: How teachers achieve local and standards‐based success.

Author

Covitt, Beth A., de los Santos, Elizabeth Xeng, Lin, Qinyun, Morrison Thomas, Christie, and Anderson, Charles W.

Subjects
TEACHERS, SCIENCE teachers, SOCIAL stability, EDUCATIONAL change, SCIENCE education
Abstract

This article reports on analyses of the instructional practices of six middle‐ and high‐school science teachers in the United States who participated in a research‐practice partnership that aims to support reform science education goals at scale. All six teachers were well qualified, experienced, and locally successful—respected by students, parents, colleagues, and administrators—but they differed in their success in supporting students' three‐dimensional learning. Our goal is to understand how the teachers' instructional practices contributed to their similarities in achieving local success and to differences in enabling students' learning, and to consider the implications of these findings for research‐practice partnerships. Data sources included classroom videos supplemented by interviews with teachers and focus students and examples of student work. We also compared students' learning gains by teacher using pre–post assessments that elicited three‐dimensional performances. Analyses of classroom videos showed how all six teachers achieved local success—they led effectively managed classrooms, covered the curriculum by teaching almost all unit activities, and assessed students' work in fair and efficient ways. There were important differences, however, in how teachers engaged students in science practices. Teachers in classrooms where students achieved lower learning gains followed a pattern of practice we describe as activity‐based teaching, in which students completed investigations and hands‐on activities with few opportunities for sensemaking discussions or three‐dimensional science performances. Teachers whose students achieved higher learning gains combined the social stability characteristic of local classroom success with more demanding instructional practices associated with scientific sensemaking and cognitive apprenticeship. We conclude with a discussion of implications for research‐practice partnerships, highlighting how partnerships need to support all teachers in achieving both local and standards‐based success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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58. Behavioral responses of terrestrial mammals to COVID-19 lockdowns

Author

Tucker, Marlee A., Schipper, Aafke M., Adams, Tempe S. F., Attias, Nina, Avgar, Tal, Babic, Natarsha L., Barker, Kristin J., Bastille-Rousseau, Guillaume, Behr, Dominik M., Belant, Jerrold L., Beyer, Dean E., Blaum, Niels, Blount, J. David, Bockmühl, Dirk, Pires Boulhosa, Ricardo Luiz, Brown, Michael B., Buuveibaatar, Bayarbaatar, Cagnacci, Francesca, Calabrese, Justin M., Černe, Rok, Chamaillé-Jammes, Simon, Chan, Aung Nyein, Chase, Michael J., Chaval, Yannick, Chenaux-Ibrahim, Yvette, Cherry, Seth G., Ćirović, Duško, Çoban, Emrah, Cole, Eric K., Conlee, Laura, Courtemanch, Alyson, Cozzi, Gabriele, Davidson, Sarah C., DeBloois, Darren, Dejid, Nandintsetseg, DeNicola, Vickie, Desbiez, Arnaud L. J., Douglas-Hamilton, Iain, Drake, David, Egan, Michael, Eikelboom, Jasper A.J., Fagan, William F., Farmer, Morgan J., Fennessy, Julian, Finnegan, Shannon P., Fleming, Christen H., Fournier, Bonnie, Fowler, Nicholas L., Gantchoff, Mariela G., Garnier, Alexandre, Gehr, Benedikt, Geremia, Chris, Goheen, Jacob R., Hauptfleisch, Morgan L., Hebblewhite, Mark, Heim, Morten, Hertel, Anne G., Heurich, Marco, Hewison, A. J. Mark, Hodson, James, Hoffman, Nicholas, Hopcraft, J. Grant C., Huber, Djuro, Isaac, Edmund J., Janik, Karolina, Ježek, Miloš, Johansson, Örjan, Jordan, Neil R., Kaczensky, Petra, Kamaru, Douglas N., Kauffman, Matthew J., Kautz, Todd M., Kays, Roland, Kelly, Allicia P., Kindberg, Jonas, Krofel, Miha, Kusak, Josip, Lamb, Clayton T., LaSharr, Tayler N., Leimgruber, Peter, Leitner, Horst, Lierz, Michael, Linnell, John D.C., Lkhagvaja, Purevjav, Long, Ryan A., López-Bao, José Vicente, Loretto, Matthias-Claudio, Marchand, Pascal, Martin, Hans, Martinez, Lindsay A., McBride, Roy T., McLaren, Ashley A.D., Meisingset, Erling, Melzheimer, Joerg, Merrill, Evelyn H., Middleton, Arthur D., Monteith, Kevin L., Moore, Seth A., Van Moorter, Bram, Morellet, Nicolas, Morrison, Thomas, Müller, Rebekka, Mysterud, Atle, Noonan, Michael J, O’Connor, David, Olson, Daniel, Olson, Kirk A., Ortega, Anna C., Ossi, Federico, Panzacchi, Manuela, Patchett, Robert, Patterson, Brent R., de Paula, Rogerio Cunha, Payne, John, Peters, Wibke, Petroelje, Tyler R., Pitcher, Benjamin J., Pokorny, Boštjan, Poole, Kim, Potočnik, Hubert, Poulin, Marie-Pier, Pringle, Robert M., Prins, Herbert H.T., Ranc, Nathan, Reljić, Slaven, Robb, Benjamin, Röder, Ralf, Rolandsen, Christer M., Rutz, Christian, Salemgareyev, Albert R., Samelius, Gustaf, Sayine-Crawford, Heather, Schooler, Sarah, Şekercioğlu, Çağan H., Selva, Nuria, Semenzato, Paola, Sergiel, Agnieszka, Sharma, Koustubh, Shawler, Avery L., Signer, Johannes, Silovský, Václav, Silva, João Paulo, Simon, Richard, Smiley, Rachel A., Smith, Douglas W., Solberg, Erling J., Ellis-Soto, Diego, Spiegel, Orr, Stabach, Jared, Stacy-Dawes, Jenna, Stahler, Daniel R., Stephenson, John, Stewart, Cheyenne, Strand, Olav, Sunde, Peter, Svoboda, Nathan J., Swart, Jonathan, Thompson, Jeffrey J., Toal, Katrina L., Uiseb, Kenneth, VanAcker, Meredith C., Velilla, Marianela, Verzuh, Tana L., Wachter, Bettina, Wagler, Brittany L., Whittington, Jesse, Wikelski, Martin, Wilmers, Christopher C., Wittemyer, George, Young, Julie K., Zięba, Filip, Zwijacz-Kozica, Tomasz, Huijbregts, Mark A. J., Mueller, Thomas, National Geographic Society, University of St Andrews. School of Biology, University of St Andrews. Centre for Biological Diversity, University of St Andrews. Institute of Behavioural and Neural Sciences, and University of St Andrews. Centre for Social Learning & Cognitive Evolution

Subjects
MCC, QL, Settore BIO/07 - ECOLOGIA, DAS, QL Zoology, AC
Abstract

Funding: This article is a contribution of the COVID-19 Bio-Logging Initiative, which is funded in part by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (GBMF9881) and the National Geographic Society (NGS-82515R-20) (both grants to C.R.). COVID-19 lockdowns in early 2020 reduced human mobility, providing an opportunity to disentangle its effects on animals from those of landscape modifications. Using GPS data, we compared movements and road avoidance of 2300 terrestrial mammals (43 species) during the lockdowns to the same period in 2019. Individual responses were variable with no change in average movements or road avoidance behavior, likely due to variable lockdown conditions. However, under strict lockdowns 10-day 95th percentile displacements increased by 73%, suggesting increased landscape permeability. Animals’ 1-hour 95th percentile displacements declined by 12% and animals were 36% closer to roads in areas of high human footprint, indicating reduced avoidance during lockdowns. Overall, lockdowns rapidly altered some spatial behaviors, highlighting variable but substantial impacts of human mobility on wildlife worldwide. Postprint

Published
2023

60. Local Complement Contributes to Pathogenic Activation of Lung Endothelial Cells in SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Author

Zhang, Hui, primary, Gerasimovskaya, Evgenia, additional, McCarthy, Mary K., additional, May, Nicholas A., additional, Prasad, Ram Raj, additional, Riddle, Suzette, additional, McKeon, B Alexandre, additional, Kumar, Sushil, additional, Li, Min, additional, Hu, Cheng-Jun, additional, Frid, Maria G, additional, Morrison, Thomas E., additional, and Stenmark, Kurt R, additional

Published
2023
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61. Mapping out a future for ungulate migrations : Limited mapping of migrations hampers conservation

Author

KAUFFMAN, MATTHEW J., CAGNACCI, FRANCESCA, CHAMAILLÉ-JAMMES, SIMON, HEBBLEWHITE, MARK J., HOPCRAFT, GRANT C., MERKLE, JEROD A., MUELLER, THOMAS, MYSTERUD, ATLE, PETERS, WIBKE, ROETTGER, CHRISTIANE, STEINGISSER, ALETHEA, MEACHAM, JAMES E., ABERA, KASAHUN, ADAMCZEWSKI, JAN, AIKENS, ELLEN O., BARTLAM-BROOKS, HATTIE, BENNITT, EMILY, BERGER, JOEL, BOYD, CHARLOTTE, CÔTÉ, STEEVE D., DEBEFFE, LUCIE, DEKROUT, ANDREA S., DEJID, NANDINTSETSEG, DONADIO, EMILIANO, DZIBA, LUTHANDO, FAGAN, WILLIAM F., FISCHER, CLAUDE, FOCARDI, STEFANO, FRYXELL, JOHN M., FYNN, RICHARD W. S., GEREMIA, CHRIS, GONZÁLEZ, BENITO A., GUNN, ANNE, GURARIE, ELIE, HEURICH, MARCO, HILTY, JODI, HURLEY, MARK, JOHNSON, ARAN, JOLY, KYLE, KACZENSKY, PETRA, KENDALL, CORINNE J., KOCHKAREV, PAVEL, KOLPASCHIKOV, LEONID, KOWALCZYK, RAFAŁ, LANGEVELDE, FRANK VAN, LI, BINBIN V., LOBORA, ALEX L., LOISON, ANNE, MADIRI, TINAAPI H., MALLON, DAVID, MARCHAND, PASCAL, MEDELLIN, RODRIGO A., MEISINGSET, ERLING, MERRILL, EVELYN, MIDDLETON, ARTHUR D., MONTEITH, KEVIN L., MORJAN, MALIK, MORRISON, THOMAS A., MUMME, STEFFEN, NAIDOO, ROBIN, NOVARO, ANDRES, OGUTU, JOSEPH O., OLSON, KIRK A., OTENG-YEBOAH, ALFRED, OVEJERO, RAMIRO J. A., OWEN-SMITH, NORMAN, PAASIVAARA, ANTTI, PACKER, CRAIG, PANCHENKO, DANILA, PEDROTTI, LUCA, PLUMPTRE, ANDREW J., ROLANDSEN, CHRISTER M., SAID, SONIA, SALEMGAREYEV, ALBERT, SAVCHENKO, ALEKSANDR, SAVCHENKO, PIOTR, SAWYER, HALL, SELEBATSO, MOSES, SKROCH, MATTHEW, SOLBERG, ERLING, STABACH, JARED A., STRAND, OLAV, SUITOR, MICHAEL J., TACHIKI, YASUYUKI, TRAINOR, ANNE, TSHIPA, ARNOLD, VIRANI, MUNIR Z., VYNNE, CARLY, WARD, STEPHANIE, WITTEMYER, GEORGE, XU, WENJING, ZUTHER, STEFFEN, KAUFFMAN, MATTHEW J., CAGNACCI, FRANCESCA, CHAMAILLÉ-JAMMES, SIMON, HEBBLEWHITE, MARK J., HOPCRAFT, GRANT C., MERKLE, JEROD A., MUELLER, THOMAS, MYSTERUD, ATLE, PETERS, WIBKE, ROETTGER, CHRISTIANE, STEINGISSER, ALETHEA, MEACHAM, JAMES E., ABERA, KASAHUN, ADAMCZEWSKI, JAN, AIKENS, ELLEN O., BARTLAM-BROOKS, HATTIE, BENNITT, EMILY, BERGER, JOEL, BOYD, CHARLOTTE, CÔTÉ, STEEVE D., DEBEFFE, LUCIE, DEKROUT, ANDREA S., DEJID, NANDINTSETSEG, DONADIO, EMILIANO, DZIBA, LUTHANDO, FAGAN, WILLIAM F., FISCHER, CLAUDE, FOCARDI, STEFANO, FRYXELL, JOHN M., FYNN, RICHARD W. S., GEREMIA, CHRIS, GONZÁLEZ, BENITO A., GUNN, ANNE, GURARIE, ELIE, HEURICH, MARCO, HILTY, JODI, HURLEY, MARK, JOHNSON, ARAN, JOLY, KYLE, KACZENSKY, PETRA, KENDALL, CORINNE J., KOCHKAREV, PAVEL, KOLPASCHIKOV, LEONID, KOWALCZYK, RAFAŁ, LANGEVELDE, FRANK VAN, LI, BINBIN V., LOBORA, ALEX L., LOISON, ANNE, MADIRI, TINAAPI H., MALLON, DAVID, MARCHAND, PASCAL, MEDELLIN, RODRIGO A., MEISINGSET, ERLING, MERRILL, EVELYN, MIDDLETON, ARTHUR D., MONTEITH, KEVIN L., MORJAN, MALIK, MORRISON, THOMAS A., MUMME, STEFFEN, NAIDOO, ROBIN, NOVARO, ANDRES, OGUTU, JOSEPH O., OLSON, KIRK A., OTENG-YEBOAH, ALFRED, OVEJERO, RAMIRO J. A., OWEN-SMITH, NORMAN, PAASIVAARA, ANTTI, PACKER, CRAIG, PANCHENKO, DANILA, PEDROTTI, LUCA, PLUMPTRE, ANDREW J., ROLANDSEN, CHRISTER M., SAID, SONIA, SALEMGAREYEV, ALBERT, SAVCHENKO, ALEKSANDR, SAVCHENKO, PIOTR, SAWYER, HALL, SELEBATSO, MOSES, SKROCH, MATTHEW, SOLBERG, ERLING, STABACH, JARED A., STRAND, OLAV, SUITOR, MICHAEL J., TACHIKI, YASUYUKI, TRAINOR, ANNE, TSHIPA, ARNOLD, VIRANI, MUNIR Z., VYNNE, CARLY, WARD, STEPHANIE, WITTEMYER, GEORGE, XU, WENJING, and ZUTHER, STEFFEN

Abstract

type:Article

Published
2023

62. Behavioral responses of terrestrial mammals to COVID-19 lockdowns

Author

Tucker, Marlee, Schipper, Aafke, Adams, Tempe, Attias, Nina, Avgar, Tal, Babic, Natarsha, Barker, Kristin, Bastille-Rousseau, Guillaume, Behr, Domink, Belant, Jerrold, Beyer, Dean, Blaum, Niels, Blount, J.D., Bockmühl, Dirk, Luiz Pires Boulhosa, Ricardo, Brown, Michael, Buuveibaatar, Bayarbaatar, Cagnacci, Francesca, Calabrese, Justin, Černe, Rok, Chamaillé-Jammes, Simon, Nyein Chan, Aung, Chase, Michael, Chaval, Yannick, Chenaux-Ibrahim, Yvette, Cherry, Seth, Ćirović, Duško, Çoban, Emrah, Cole, Eric, Conlee, Laura, Courtemanch, Alyson, Cozzi, Gabriele, Davidson, Sarah, DeBloois, Darren, Dejid, Nandinsetseg, DeNicola, Vickie, Desbiez, Arnaud, Douglas-Hamilton, Iain, Drake, David, Egan, Michael, Eikelboom, Jasper, Fagen, William, Farmer, Morgan, Fennessy, Julian, Finnegan, Shannon, Fleming, Christen, Fournier, Bonnie, Fowler, Nicholas, Gantchoff, Mariela, Garnier, Alexandre, Gehr, Benedikt, Geremia, Chris, Goheen, Jacob, Hauptfleisch, Morgan, Hebblewhite, Mark, Heim, Morten, Hertel, Anne, Heurich, Marco, Hewison, Mark, Hodson, James, Hoffman, Nicholas, Hopcraft, Grant, Huber, Djuro, Isaac, Edmund, Janik, Karolina, Ježek, Miloš, Johansson, Örjan, Jordan, Neil, Kaczensky, Petra, Kamaru, Douglas, Kauffman, Matthew, Kautz, Todd, Kays, Roland, Kelly, Allicia, Kindberg, Jonas, Krofel, Miha, Kusak, Josip, Lamb, Clayton, LaSharr, Tayler, Leimgruber, Peter, Leitner, Horst, Lierz, Michael, Linnell, John, Lkhagvaja, Purevjav, Long, Ryan, López-Bao, José Vicente, Loretto, Matthias-Claudio, Marchand, Pascal, Martin, Hans, Martinez, Lindsey, McBride Jr, Roy, McLaren, Ashley, Meisingset, Erling, Melzheimer, Joerg, Merrill, Evelyn, Middleton, Arthur, Monteith, Kevin, Moore, Seth, Van Moorter, Bram, Morellet, Nicolas, Morrison, Thomas, Müller, Rebekka, Mysterud, Atle, Noonan, Michael, O'Connor, David, Olson, Daniel, Olson, Kirk, Ortega, Anne, Ossi, Federico, Panzacchi, Manuela, Pratchett, Robert, Patterson, Brent, Cunha De Paula, Rogerio, Payne, John, Peters, Wibke, Petroelje, Tyler, Pitcher, Benjamin, Pokorny, Boštjan, Poole, Kim, Potočnik, Hubert, Poulin, Marie-Pier, Pringle, Robert, Prins, Herbert, Ranc, Nathan, Reljić, Slaven, Robb, Benjamin, Röder, Ralf, Rolandsen, Christer, Rutz, Christian, Salemgareyev, Albert, Samelius, Gustaf, Sayine-Crawford, Heather, Schooler, Sarah, Şekercioğlu, Çağan, Selva, Nuria, Samenzato, Paola, Sergiel, Agnieszka, Sharma, Koustubh, Shawler, Avery, Signer, Johannes, Silovský, Václav, Silva, João Paulo, Simon, Richard, Smiley, Rachel, Smith, Douglas, Solberg, Erling, Ellis-Soto, Diego, Spiegel, Orr, Stabach, Jared, Stacy-Dawes, Jenna, Stahler, Daniel, Stephenson, John, Stewart, Cheyenne, Strand, Olav, Sunde, Peter, Svoboda, Nathan, Swart, Jonathan, Thompson, Jeffrey, Toal, Katrina, Uiseb, Kenneth, VanAcker, Meredith, Velilla, Marianela, Verzuh, Tana, Wachter, Bettina, Whittington, Jesse, Wikelski, Martin, Wilmers, Christopher, Wittemyer, George, Young, Julie, Zięba, Filip, Zwijacz-Kozica, Tomasz, Huijbregts, Mark, Mueller, Thomas, Tucker, Marlee, Schipper, Aafke, Adams, Tempe, Attias, Nina, Avgar, Tal, Babic, Natarsha, Barker, Kristin, Bastille-Rousseau, Guillaume, Behr, Domink, Belant, Jerrold, Beyer, Dean, Blaum, Niels, Blount, J.D., Bockmühl, Dirk, Luiz Pires Boulhosa, Ricardo, Brown, Michael, Buuveibaatar, Bayarbaatar, Cagnacci, Francesca, Calabrese, Justin, Černe, Rok, Chamaillé-Jammes, Simon, Nyein Chan, Aung, Chase, Michael, Chaval, Yannick, Chenaux-Ibrahim, Yvette, Cherry, Seth, Ćirović, Duško, Çoban, Emrah, Cole, Eric, Conlee, Laura, Courtemanch, Alyson, Cozzi, Gabriele, Davidson, Sarah, DeBloois, Darren, Dejid, Nandinsetseg, DeNicola, Vickie, Desbiez, Arnaud, Douglas-Hamilton, Iain, Drake, David, Egan, Michael, Eikelboom, Jasper, Fagen, William, Farmer, Morgan, Fennessy, Julian, Finnegan, Shannon, Fleming, Christen, Fournier, Bonnie, Fowler, Nicholas, Gantchoff, Mariela, Garnier, Alexandre, Gehr, Benedikt, Geremia, Chris, Goheen, Jacob, Hauptfleisch, Morgan, Hebblewhite, Mark, Heim, Morten, Hertel, Anne, Heurich, Marco, Hewison, Mark, Hodson, James, Hoffman, Nicholas, Hopcraft, Grant, Huber, Djuro, Isaac, Edmund, Janik, Karolina, Ježek, Miloš, Johansson, Örjan, Jordan, Neil, Kaczensky, Petra, Kamaru, Douglas, Kauffman, Matthew, Kautz, Todd, Kays, Roland, Kelly, Allicia, Kindberg, Jonas, Krofel, Miha, Kusak, Josip, Lamb, Clayton, LaSharr, Tayler, Leimgruber, Peter, Leitner, Horst, Lierz, Michael, Linnell, John, Lkhagvaja, Purevjav, Long, Ryan, López-Bao, José Vicente, Loretto, Matthias-Claudio, Marchand, Pascal, Martin, Hans, Martinez, Lindsey, McBride Jr, Roy, McLaren, Ashley, Meisingset, Erling, Melzheimer, Joerg, Merrill, Evelyn, Middleton, Arthur, Monteith, Kevin, Moore, Seth, Van Moorter, Bram, Morellet, Nicolas, Morrison, Thomas, Müller, Rebekka, Mysterud, Atle, Noonan, Michael, O'Connor, David, Olson, Daniel, Olson, Kirk, Ortega, Anne, Ossi, Federico, Panzacchi, Manuela, Pratchett, Robert, Patterson, Brent, Cunha De Paula, Rogerio, Payne, John, Peters, Wibke, Petroelje, Tyler, Pitcher, Benjamin, Pokorny, Boštjan, Poole, Kim, Potočnik, Hubert, Poulin, Marie-Pier, Pringle, Robert, Prins, Herbert, Ranc, Nathan, Reljić, Slaven, Robb, Benjamin, Röder, Ralf, Rolandsen, Christer, Rutz, Christian, Salemgareyev, Albert, Samelius, Gustaf, Sayine-Crawford, Heather, Schooler, Sarah, Şekercioğlu, Çağan, Selva, Nuria, Samenzato, Paola, Sergiel, Agnieszka, Sharma, Koustubh, Shawler, Avery, Signer, Johannes, Silovský, Václav, Silva, João Paulo, Simon, Richard, Smiley, Rachel, Smith, Douglas, Solberg, Erling, Ellis-Soto, Diego, Spiegel, Orr, Stabach, Jared, Stacy-Dawes, Jenna, Stahler, Daniel, Stephenson, John, Stewart, Cheyenne, Strand, Olav, Sunde, Peter, Svoboda, Nathan, Swart, Jonathan, Thompson, Jeffrey, Toal, Katrina, Uiseb, Kenneth, VanAcker, Meredith, Velilla, Marianela, Verzuh, Tana, Wachter, Bettina, Whittington, Jesse, Wikelski, Martin, Wilmers, Christopher, Wittemyer, George, Young, Julie, Zięba, Filip, Zwijacz-Kozica, Tomasz, Huijbregts, Mark, and Mueller, Thomas

Abstract

COVID-19 lockdowns in early 2020 reduced human mobility, providing an opportunity to disentangle its effects on animals from those of landscape modifications. Using GPS data, we compared movements and road avoidance of 2300 terrestrial mammals (43 species) during the lockdowns to the same period in 2019. Individual responses were variable, with no change in average movements or road avoidance behavior, likely due to variable lockdown conditions. However, under strict lockdowns, 10-day 95th percentile displacements increased by 73%, suggesting increased landscape permeability. Animals' 1-hour 95th percentile displacements declined by 12%, and animals were 36% closer to roads in areas of high human footprint, indicating reduced avoidance during lockdowns. Overall, lockdowns rapidly altered some spatial behaviors, highlighting variable but substantial impacts of human mobility on wildlife worldwide.

Published
2023

66. Contributors

Author

Chiesa, Claudia, primary, Denicolò, Agnese, additional, Dia, Ibrahima, additional, Diagne, Cheikh T., additional, Diallo, Diawo, additional, Diallo, Mawlouth, additional, Gaye, Alioune, additional, Halstead, Scott B., additional, Higgs, Stephen, additional, Hills, Susan, additional, Huang, Yan-Jang S., additional, Metz, Stefan W., additional, Monath, Thomas P., additional, Morotti, Manuela, additional, Morrison, Thomas E., additional, Pierro, Anna, additional, Pijlman, Gorben P., additional, Powers, Ann M., additional, Sam, Jamal I-Ching, additional, Sambri, Vittorio, additional, Tassinari, Martina, additional, Vanlandingham, Dana L., additional, Vasconcelos, Pedro F.C., additional, and Zannoli, Silvia, additional

Published
2018
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69. Local Complement Contributes to Pathogenic Activation of Lung Endothelial Cells in SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

Author

Hui Zhang, Gerasimovskaya, Evgenia, McCarthy, Mary K., May, Nicholas A., Prasad, Ram Raj, Riddle, Suzette, McKeon, B. Alexandre, Kumar, Sushil, Min Li, Cheng-Jun Hu, Frid, Maria G., Morrison, Thomas E., and Stenmark, Kurt R.

Subjects
SARS-CoV-2, COMPLEMENT receptors, VASCULAR cell adhesion molecule-1, CD54 antigen, ENDOTHELIAL cells, CELL adhesion molecules, COVID-19 pandemic, COMPLEMENT (Immunology)
Abstract

Endothelial dysfunction and inflammation contribute to the vascular pathology of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). However, emerging evidence does not support direct infection of endothelial or other vascular wall cells, and thus inflammation may be better explained as a secondary response to epithelial cell infection. In this study, we sought to determine whether lung endothelial or other resident vascular cells are susceptible to productive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and how local complement activation contributes to endothelial dysfunction and inflammation in response to hypoxia and SARS-CoV-2–infected lung alveolar epithelial cells. We found that ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) and TMPRSS2 (transmembrane serine protease 2) mRNA expression in lung vascular cells, including primary human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HLMVECs), pericytes, smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts, was 20- to 90-fold lower compared with primary human alveolar epithelial type II cells. Consistently, we found that HLMVECs and other resident vascular cells were not susceptible to productive SARS-CoV-2 infection under either normoxic or hypoxic conditions. However, viral uptake without replication (abortive infection) was observed in HLMVECs when exposed to conditioned medium from SARS-CoV-2–infected human ACE2 stably transfected A549 epithelial cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that exposure of HLMVECs to conditioned medium from SARS-CoV-2–infected human ACE2 stably transfected A549 epithelial cells and hypoxia resulted in upregulation of inflammatory factors such as ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule 1), VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule 1), and IL-6 (interleukin 6) as well as complement components such as C3 (complement C3), C3AR1 (complement C3a receptor 1), C1QA (complement C1q A chain), and CFB (complement factor B). Taken together, our data support a model in which lung endothelial and vascular dysfunction during COVID-19 involves the activation of complement and inflammatory signaling and does not involve productive viral infection of endothelial cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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80. Helminth-induced arginase-1 exacerbates lung inflammation and disease severity in tuberculosis

Author

Monin, Leticia, Griffiths, Kristin L., Lam, Wing Y., Gopal, Radha, Kang, Dongwan D., Ahmed, Mushtaq, Rajamanickam, Anuradha, Cruz-Lagunas, Alfredo, Zuniga, Joaquin, Babu, Subash, Kolls, Jay K., Mitreva, Makedonka, Rosa, Bruce A., Ramos-Payan, Rosalio, Morrison, Thomas E., Murray, Peter J., Rangel-Moreno, Javier, Pearce, Edward J., and Khader, Shabaana A.

Subjects
Medical research, Medicine, Experimental, Helminthiasis -- Complications and side effects, Tuberculosis -- Genetic aspects -- Development and progression, Disease susceptibility -- Research, Health care industry
Abstract

Parasitic helminth worms, such as Schistosomamansoni, are endemic in regions with a high prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) among the population. Human studies suggest that helminth coinfections contribute to increased TB susceptibility and increased rates of TB reactivation. Prevailing models suggest that T helper type 2 (Th2) responses induced by helminth infection impair Th1 immune responses and thereby limit Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) control. Using a pulmonary mouse model of Mtb infection, we demonstrated that S. mansoni coinfection or immunization with S. mansoni egg antigens can reversibly impair Mtb-specific T cell responses without affecting macrophage-mediated Mtb control. Instead, S. mansoni infection resulted in accumulation of high arginase-1-expressing macrophages in the lung, which formed type 2 granulomas and exacerbated inflammation in Mtb-infected mice. Treatment of coinfected animals with an antihelminthic improved Mtb-specific Th1 responses and reduced disease severity. In a genetically diverse mouse population infected with Mtb, enhanced arginase-1 activity was associated with increased lung inflammation. Moreover, in patients with pulmonary TB, lung damage correlated with increased serum activity of arginase-1, which was elevated in TB patients coinfected with helminths. Together, our data indicate that helminth coinfection induces arginase-1-expressing type 2 granulomas, thereby increasing inflammation and TB disease severity. These results also provide insight into the mechanisms by which helminth coinfections drive increased susceptibility, disease progression, and severity in TB., Introduction About one-third of the world's population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), leading to 1.4 million deaths and 8.8 million new reported cases of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) every year [...]

Published
2015
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84. Harmonization of Multiple SARS-CoV-2 Reference Materials Using the WHO IS (NIBSC 20/136): Results and Implications

Author

Windsor, William Jonathan, primary, Roell, Yannik, additional, Tucker, Heidi, additional, Cheng, Chi-An, additional, Suliman, Sara, additional, Peek, Laura J., additional, Pestano, Gary A., additional, Lee, William T., additional, Zeichhardt, Heinz, additional, Lamb, Molly M., additional, Kammel, Martin, additional, Wang, Hui, additional, Kedl, Ross, additional, Rester, Cody, additional, Morrison, Thomas E., additional, Davenport, Bennet J., additional, Carson, Kyle, additional, Yates, Jennifer, additional, Howard, Kelly, additional, Kulas, Karen, additional, Walt, David R., additional, Dafni, Aner, additional, Taylor, Daniel, additional, and Chu, May, additional

Published
2022
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90. Increasing Anthropogenic Disturbance Restricts Wildebeest Movement Across East African Grazing Systems

Author

Stabach, Jared A., Hughey, Lacey F., Crego, Ramiro D., Fleming, Christen H., Hopcraft, J. Grant C., Leimgruber, Peter, Morrison, Thomas A., Ogutu, Joseph O., Reid, Robin S., Worden, Jeffrey S., and Boone, Randall B.

Subjects
Ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

The ability to move is essential for animals to find mates, escape predation, and meet energy and water demands. This is especially important across grazing systems where vegetation productivity can vary drastically between seasons or years. With grasslands undergoing significant changes due to climate change and anthropogenic development, there is an urgent need to determine the relative impacts of these pressures on the movement capacity of native herbivores. To measure these impacts, we fitted 36 white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus) with GPS collars across three study areas in southern Kenya (Amboseli Basin, Athi-Kaputiei Plains, and Mara) to test the relationship between movement (e.g., directional persistence, speed, home range crossing time) and gradients of vegetation productivity (i.e., NDVI) and anthropogenic disturbance. As expected, wildebeest moved the most (21.0 km day–1; CI: 18.7–23.3) across areas where movement was facilitated by low human footprint and necessitated by low vegetation productivity (Amboseli Basin). However, in areas with moderate vegetation productivity (Athi-Kaputiei Plains), wildebeest moved the least (13.3 km day–1; CI: 11.0–15.5). This deviation from expectations was largely explained by impediments to movement associated with a large human footprint. Notably, the movements of wildebeest in this area were also less directed than the other study populations, suggesting that anthropogenic disturbance (i.e., roads, fences, and the expansion of settlements) impacts the ability of wildebeest to move and access available resources. In areas with high vegetation productivity and moderate human footprint (Mara), we observed intermediate levels of daily movement (14.2 km day–1; CI: 12.3–16.1). Wildebeest across each of the study systems used grassland habitats outside of protected areas extensively, highlighting the importance of unprotected landscapes for conserving mobile species. These results provide unique insights into the interactive effects of climate and anthropogenic development on the movements of a dominant herbivore in East Africa and present a cautionary tale for the development of grazing ecosystems elsewhere.

Published
2022
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91. Hybrid Immunity Shifts the Fc-Effector Quality of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine-Induced Immunity.

Author

Bowman, Kathryn A, Morrison, Thomas E1, Bowman, Kathryn A, Stein, Daniel, Shin, Sally, Ferbas, Kathie G, Tobin, Nicole H, Mann, Colin, Fischinger, Stephanie, Ollmann Saphire, Erica, Lauffenburger, Douglas, Rimoin, Anne W, Aldrovandi, Grace, Alter, Galit, Bowman, Kathryn A, Morrison, Thomas E1, Bowman, Kathryn A, Stein, Daniel, Shin, Sally, Ferbas, Kathie G, Tobin, Nicole H, Mann, Colin, Fischinger, Stephanie, Ollmann Saphire, Erica, Lauffenburger, Douglas, Rimoin, Anne W, Aldrovandi, Grace, and Alter, Galit

Abstract

Despite the robust immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines, emerging data have revealed enhanced neutralizing antibody and T cell cross-reactivity among individuals that previously experienced COVID-19, pointing to a hybrid immune advantage with infection-associated immune priming. Beyond neutralizing antibodies and T cell immunity, mounting data point to a potential role for additional antibody effector functions, including opsinophagocytic activity, in the resolution of symptomatic COVID-19. Whether hybrid immunity modifies the Fc-effector profile of the mRNA vaccine-induced immune response remains incompletely understood. Thus, here we profiled the SARS-CoV-2 specific humoral immune response in a group of individuals with and without prior COVID-19. As expected, hybrid Spike-specific antibody titers were enhanced following the primary dose of the mRNA vaccine but were similar to those achieved by naive vaccinees after the second mRNA vaccine dose. Conversely, Spike-specific vaccine-induced Fc-receptor binding antibody levels were higher after the primary immunization in individuals with prior COVID-19 and remained higher following the second dose compared to those in naive individuals, suggestive of a selective improvement in the quality, rather than the quantity, of the hybrid humoral immune response. Thus, while the magnitude of antibody titers alone may suggest that any two antigen exposures-either hybrid immunity or two doses of vaccine alone-represent a comparable prime/boost immunologic education, we find that hybrid immunity offers a qualitatively improved antibody response able to better leverage Fc-effector functions against conserved regions of the virus. IMPORTANCE Recent data indicates improved immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in individuals who experience a combination of two mRNA vaccine doses and infection, "hybrid immunity," compared to individuals who receive vaccination or experience infection alone. While previous infection accelerates the vaccine-ind

Published
2022

97. List of Contributors

Author

Abdalla, Renata Rigacci, primary, Abekawa, Tomohiro, additional, Adamczyk, Przemysław, additional, Adams, Wendy, additional, Addy, Peter H., additional, Ago, Yukio, additional, Álvaro-Bartolomé, María, additional, Andellini, Martina, additional, Andrzejewski, Matthew E., additional, Angarita, Gustavo A., additional, Angoa-Pérez, Mariana, additional, Anneken, John H., additional, Antunes, Luís, additional, Ardakani, Yalda Hosseinzadeh, additional, Aydin, Mustafa, additional, Badri, Nima, additional, Bajpai, Ram C., additional, Barbosa, Daniel José, additional, Barrós-Loscertales, Alfonso, additional, Basu, Debasish, additional, Becker, Benjamin, additional, Beckley, Jacob T., additional, Bermejo, Pablo García, additional, Berro, Laís F., additional, Blaker, Amanda L., additional, Bodoki, Ede, additional, Borowiak, Krzysztof, additional, Bowen, Scott E., additional, Broderick, Patricia A., additional, Brogaard, Berit, additional, Brolese, Giovana, additional, Brunt, T.M., additional, Buchborn, T., additional, Butelman, Eduardo R., additional, Caetano, Raul, additional, Campos, Sónia, additional, Canavan, Sofija V., additional, Capela, João Paulo, additional, Carta, Manolo, additional, Carvalho, Félix, additional, Carvelli, Lucia, additional, Catlow, Briony J., additional, Chang, Young-Tae, additional, Chaturvedi, Himanshu K., additional, Chilachava, Lela, additional, Choodum, Aree, additional, Clough, Shannon J., additional, Coelho-Santos, Vanessa, additional, Coimbra, Ana Maria, additional, Collins, Stuart A., additional, Cormand, Bru, additional, Dahan, Albert, additional, Dakwar, Elias, additional, Dávalos E., Antonio, additional, de Jong, Cor, additional, de Lourdes Bastos, Maria, additional, Del Bigio, Marc R., additional, Dembińska, Teresa, additional, Deveci, Ugur, additional, Dieterich, D.C., additional, Dijkstra, Boukje, additional, Dluzen, Dean E., additional, Dubocovich, Margarita L., additional, Esperón, Carlos García, additional, Fang, Chun-Kai, additional, Farnia, Vahid, additional, Félix, Luís, additional, Fernàndez-Castillo, Noelia, additional, Flack, Daniel, additional, Frauger, Elisabeth, additional, Frohlich, Joel, additional, Fukushiro, Daniela F., additional, García, Daniel A., additional, Julia García-Fuster, M., additional, García-Sevilla, Jesús A., additional, Garland, Eric L., additional, Gatzia, Dimitria Electra, additional, Gelazonia, Lia, additional, Ghosh, Abhishek, additional, Gigengack, Roy, additional, Golshani, Senobar, additional, Gonçalves, Joana, additional, González-Maeso, Javier, additional, Gorman, Ingmar, additional, Grandy, David K., additional, Grecksch, G., additional, Greer, Alissa M., additional, Gudelsky, Gary A., additional, Guillot, Casey, additional, Gulley, Joshua M., additional, Hagino, Yoko, additional, Hallock, Robert M., additional, Hankosky, Emily R., additional, Hanks, James B., additional, Hart, Carl, additional, Hasselmann, H.W.W., additional, Hida, Hirotake, additional, Hodges, Sarah E., additional, Holder, Nicole, additional, Hollais, André W., additional, Höllt, V., additional, Horacek, Jiri, additional, Howard, Matthew O., additional, Howells, Fleur Margaret, additional, Hsin-Hsien Yeh, Skye, additional, Huang, Mei, additional, Hutchinson, Anthony J., additional, Hwang, Jeng-Jong, additional, Ikeda, Kazutaka, additional, Iudicello, Jennifer E., additional, Jalloh, Ahmad, additional, Jamali, Bardia, additional, Japaridze, Nadezhda, additional, Jodo, Eiichi, additional, Joordens, Chantele, additional, Kalayasiri, Rasmon, additional, Kamal, Rama, additional, Kamegaya, Etsuko, additional, Katayama, Tadahiro, additional, Keasling, Adam W., additional, Kikura-Hanajiri, Ruri, additional, Kirkpatrick, Matthew, additional, Kiss, Béla, additional, Kočárová, Rita, additional, Kokane, Saurabh S., additional, Kreek, Mary Jeanne, additional, Kufahl, Peter R., additional, Kuhn, Donald M., additional, Kumazawa, Takeshi, additional, Kusljic, Snezana, additional, Łabuz, Krzysztof, additional, Lapeyre-Mestre, Maryse, additional, Laranjeira, Ronaldo Ramos, additional, Lawrence, Andrew J., additional, Lee, Byung Dae, additional, Leitão, Ricardo Alexandre, additional, Leung, L. Stan, additional, Li, Chiang-Shan R., additional, Li, Meng, additional, Lin, Qing, additional, Loghin, Felicia, additional, López-Cancio M., Elena, additional, Lyke, Jennifer, additional, Lyvers, Michael, additional, Macdonald, Scott, additional, Madruga, Clarice Sandi, additional, Maes, Michael, additional, Maher, Timothy J., additional, Ma, Jingyi, additional, Mandyam, Chitra D., additional, Mardones, Claudia, additional, Martin, Gina, additional, Massaro, Luciana, additional, Matsuda, Toshio, additional, McMaster, M.T.B., additional, Melloni, Richard H., additional, Meltzer, Herbert Y., additional, Micallef, Joëlle, additional, Mironidou-Tzouveleki, Maria, additional, Mishina, Masayoshi, additional, Mitsuhiro, Sandro, additional, Montag, Christian, additional, Moore, Elisabeth, additional, Morgan, Erin E., additional, Morgan, Peter T., additional, Morimoto, Satoshi, additional, Morrison, Thomas R., additional, Moszczynska, Anna, additional, Mouri, Akihiro, additional, Napolitano, Antonio, additional, Neugebauer, Nichole M., additional, NicDaeid, Niamh, additional, Nichols, Charles D., additional, Nizama-Valladolid, Martin, additional, Noda, Yukihiro, additional, Northrop, Nicole A., additional, Olive, M. Foster, additional, Ostrow, Rory D., additional, Oudejans, Linda C.J., additional, Palenicek, Tomas, additional, Pandey, Arvind, additional, Papp, Mariusz, additional, Passos, Ioannis D., additional, Paudel, Madan Kumar, additional, Perillo, Maria A., additional, Perry, Christina J., additional, Petronijević, Nataša, additional, Phattanarudee, Siripan, additional, Pinsky, Ilana, additional, Pochkhidze, Nino, additional, Pop, Anca, additional, Possa, Marianne, additional, Potocka-Banaś, Barbara, additional, Quednow, Boris B., additional, Radonjić, Nevena V., additional, Rajagopal, Lakshmi, additional, Ribasés, Marta, additional, Ricci, Lesley A., additional, Rosales, Carola Vergara, additional, Rouini, Mohammad-Reza, additional, Sanchez-Ramos, Juan, additional, Santos-Baldaia, Renan, additional, Sarkar, Siddharth, additional, Sasaki-Tabata, Kaori, additional, Sato, Naomi, additional, Sato, Tomonori, additional, Sawada, Wakako, additional, Schuch, Silvia Bassani, additional, Sekita, Setsuko, additional, Serrano, Eduardo Alvear, additional, Sheikholeslami, Behjat, additional, Shirota, Osamu, additional, Silva, Ana Paula, additional, Simola, Nicola, additional, Simon, Derek P., additional, Sora, Ichiro, additional, Sordi, Anne Orgler, additional, Spring, Mitchell G., additional, Stebelska, Katarzyna, additional, Sugimura, Haruhiko, additional, Suzuki, Yoshiaki, additional, Takuma, Kazuhiro, additional, Tanaka, Hiroyuki, additional, Torkamanian, Meshkat, additional, Towiwat, Pasarapa, additional, Turina, Anahí V., additional, Tyls, Filip, additional, van Amsterdam, J.G.C., additional, van den Brink, W., additional, van den Buuse, Maarten, additional, Van Horn, John Darrell, additional, van Noorden, Martijn, additional, van Velzen, Monique, additional, Venâncio, Carlos, additional, von Baer, Dietrich, additional, von Diemen, Lisia, additional, Walter, Martin, additional, Wang, Fang, additional, Weber, Erica, additional, Winkler, Petr, additional, Woods, Steven Paul, additional, Woodward, John J., additional, Wu, Chun-Fu, additional, Wuo-Silva, Raphael, additional, Xu, Wang, additional, Yamamoto, Bryan K., additional, Yamamoto, Hideko, additional, Yamamoto, Toshifumi, additional, Yang, Jing-Yu, additional, Zhai, Duanting, additional, Zhvania, Mzia, additional, and Zjawiony, Jordan K., additional

Published
2016
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