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Additional file 1: Figure S1. Steady state distributions of temperature (T), pressure (P) and gas saturation ( $${S}_{g}$$ S g ) for two different permeability configurations HP and LP. Figure S2–S3. Changes in the liquid phase density ( $$\Delta {\rho }_{l}$$ Δ ρ l ), gas phase density ( $$\Delta {\rho }_{g}$$ Δ ρ g ) and total density ( $$\Delta \rho$$ Δ ρ ) at the end of unrest, simulated for HP and LP permeability configurations. Figure S4. Contributions of pressure and temperature on the ground deformation, simulated for HP and LP permeability configurations. Figure S5–S6. Steady state distributions of temperature (T), pressure (P) and gas saturation ( $${S}_{g}$$ S g ) for HP and LP configurations using three different sizes of the inlet: 40 m, 100 m and 200 m.

Within the framework of GEMex, a Horizon 2020 project (Grant Agreement No. 727550), we modeled the initial natural state of the super-hot reservoir system of Los Humeros. This is achieved by solving the porous flow and heat transport equations in a gridded, structural 3D model of Los Humeros using the SHEMAT-Suite (Simulator for Heat and Mass Transport) software (Rath et al., 2006, Clauser, 2003).This paper presents the preliminary findings from the initial conductive simualtions performed in Los Humeros.

This report is a project deliverable (EU Deliverable D6.6) of Work Package 6 for the GEMex project. This report describes the numerical simulation of natural steady-state behaviour of fluid flow and heat transport of Los Humeros at a local scale (local scale is defined in Calcagno et al., 2018). Due to unavailability of final structural model and final petrophysical data, preliminary versions of the conceptual geological models (Calcagno et al., 2018) and petrophysical properties (Bär et al., 2019) are used for the work presented here. Uncertainties in rock properties and fluid pathways are investigated by simulating different scenarios. It is divided into two parts: Part 1 documents the contribution of RWTH Aachen University towards initial state modeling of Los Humeros in reservoir scale, which is a continuation of report D 6.3 (10.5281/zenodo.3719193) Part 2 of this report is a contribution of CNR Italy and describes an alternate approach used for initial state modeling of Los Humeros.

Pyrite, FeS2, nanoparticles were obtained through a one-pot solvothermal synthesis, without surfactants, carried out at room pressure and mild temperature (?180{\textdegree}C). A thorough characterization of the products was thus performed, including scanning-electron-microscope micromorphology, X-ray diffraction (XRD), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (both in the XANES and EXAFS regions).Monophasic pyrite products are obtained as aggregates having an approximate dimension of few hundreds of nm. The Scherrer analysis of the Bragg reflections suggests that these aggregates are clusters of smaller units, having a mean size of ~25 nm. The XRD measurements point to a small but significant increase of the Fe{\textendash}S bond distance (+1.7 \%) with respect to reference data. The optical behavior of the pyrite nanoparticles is indistinguishable from that of the bulk pyrite.These results point to the one-pot synthesis as an efficient and {\textquotedblleft}green{\textquotedblright} way of obtaining pyrite nanoparticles exhibiting the same technological properties as bulk pyrite. Indeed these nanoparticles can be considered as a product viable for numerous technological applications in the solar-energy conversion and storage fields.

Electrochemical Atomic Layer Deposition (E-ALD) technique has demonstrated to be a suitable process for growing compound semiconductors, by alternating the under-potential deposition (UPD) of the metallic element with the UPD of the non-metallic element. The cycle can be repeated several times to build up films with sub-micrometric thickness. We show that it is possible to grow, by E-ALD, Cu2S ultra-thin films on Ag(111) with high structural quality. They show a well ordered layered crystal structure made on alternating pseudohexagonal layers in lower coordination. As reported in literature for minerals in the Cu-S compositional field, these are based on CuS3 triangular groups, with layers occupied by highly mobile Cu ions. This structural model is closely related to the one of the low chalcocite. The domain size of such films is more than 1000 Å in lateral size and extends with a high crystallinity in the vertical growth direction up to more than 10 nm. E-ALD process results in the growth of highly ordered and almost unstrained ultra-thin films. This growth can lead to the design of semiconductors with optimal transport proprieties by an appropriate doping of the intra metallic layer. The present study enables E-ALD as an efficient synthetic route for the growth of semiconducting heterostructures with tailored properties.

The identification of compositional changes in fumarolic gases of active and quiescent volcanoes is one of the most important targets in monitoring programs. From a general point of view, many systematic (often cyclic) and random processes control the chemistry of gas discharges, making difficult to produce a convincing mathematical-statistical modelling. Changes in the chemical composition of volcanic gases sampled at Vulcano Island (Aeolian Arc, Sicily, Italy) from eight different fumaroles located in the northern sector of the summit crater (La Fossa) have been analysed by considering their dependence from time in the period 2000-2007. Each intermediate chemical composition has been considered as potentially derived from the contribution of the two temporal extremes represented by the 2000 and 2007 samples, respectively, by using inverse modelling methodologies for compositional data. Data pertaining to fumaroles F5 and F27, located on the rim and in the inner part of La Fossa crater, respectively, have been used to achieve the proposed aim. The statistical approach has allowed us to highlight the presence of random and not random fluctuations, features useful to understand how the volcanic system works, opening new perspectives in sampling strategies and in the evaluation of the natural risk related to a quiescent volcano Geologische Vereinigung; Institut d’Estadística de Catalunya; International Association for Mathematical Geology; Càtedra Lluís Santaló d’Aplicacions de la Matemàtica; Generalitat de Catalunya, Departament d’Innovació, Universitats i Recerca; Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia; Ingenio 2010.