Search

Mura defect classification is a critical concern for thin-film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) manufacturers. In recent years, artificial intelligence technologies have been successfully applied in numerous areas. However, such approaches require large amounts of training image data. Simultaneously, product differentiation and customization strategies have forced the TFT-LCD manufacturing industry to shift from mass production to high-mix, low-volume, and short-life-cycle production. In this environment, collecting a large amount of training data is difficult. Moreover, images with Mura defects captured at inspection stations remain challenging because they are often contaminated with moiré patterns. Moiré patterns severely affect the visual quality of images and cause difficulty in determining Mura defects. This study proposes an approach to eliminate moiré patterns from defect images using a conditional generative adversarial network. In addition, we develop a transfer learning ensemble model that aggregates multiple convolutional neural networks based on a denoising network for defect classification in a limited training data set. The results from an industrial case study demonstrate that the proposed method provides improved accuracy for Mura defect classification. This method can therefore become a viable alternative to manual classification in the TFT-LCD manufacturing industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moiré interlayer exciton in transition metal dichalcogenide heterobilayer features a permanent electric dipole that enables the electrostatic control of its flow, and optical dipole that is spatially varying in the moiré landscape. We show the hybridization of moiré interlayer exciton with photons in a planar 2D cavity leads to two types of moiré polaritons that exhibit distinct forms of topological transport phenomena including the spin/valley Hall and polarization Hall effects, which feature remarkable electrical tunability through the control of exciton-cavity detuning by the interlayer bias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complex curved contours of the zygomatic regions are difficult to analyze. Therefore, a better evaluation medium must be developed. We aimed to examine and summarize the morphological characteristics of the zygomatic region by using a moiré pattern map and computer algorithm. In this cross-sectional study, we collected three-dimensional images of the facial contours of 251 Han Chinese youth and established a morphological moiré map database. Clustering analysis using a computer algorithm was applied to obtain the zygomatic morphologies for classification. Aesthetic evaluation was performed to summarize the characteristics of the zygomatic types and provide reference for the preoperative morphological design of the midface. Zygomatic regions were morphologically classified into five types. Each type had its typical feature in the moiré pattern map. The moiré stripes in the left zygomatic region formed an "Ω" shape outward and downward in type 1, and they tended to be diagonal like "\\\" in type 2, smoothly curved like ")))" in type 3, vertical like "|||" in type 4, and diagonal like "///" in type 5. The aesthetic evaluation outcome indicated that the integrally flat zygoma (type 4) was more aesthetically pleasing among males, and the integrally prominent zygoma (type 3) was more aesthetically pleasing among females. Five morphological contour types of the zygoma were classified among the Chinese Han males and females based on the simulated moiré pattern. This morphological classification would aid in preparing a guide for clinical diagnosis and surgical planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of small rotations of a Laue-interferometer block on the moiré pattern is studied as a function of the torque applied around the normal to the large surface of the analyzer block. The stress components are calculated as well. It is shown that increasing the torque moment leads first to a decrease in the moiré-band period and, once the torque moment reaches a certain value, their slope changes in the opposite direction, whereas periods enlarge with a further increase in the torque. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When quasiparticles move in condensed matters, the texture of their internal quantum structure as a function of position and momentum can give rise to Berry phases that have profound effects on the material's properties. Seminal examples include the anomalous Hall and spin Hall effects from the momentum-space Berry phases in homogeneous crystals. Here, we explore a conjugate form of the electron Berry phase arising from the moiré pattern: the texture of atomic configurations in real space. In homobilayer transition metal dichalcogenides, we show that the real-space Berry phase from moiré patterns manifests as a periodic magnetic field with magnitudes of up to hundreds of Tesla. This quantity distinguishes moiré patterns from different origins, which can have an identical potential landscape, but opposite quantized magnetic flux per supercell. For low-energy carriers, the homobilayer moirés realize topological flux lattices for the quantum-spin Hall effect. An interlayer bias can continuously tune the spatial profile of the moiré magnetic field, whereas the flux per supercell is a topological quantity that can only have a quantized jump observable at a moderate bias. We also reveal the important role of the non-Abelian Berry phase in shaping the energy landscape in small moiré patterns. Our work points to new possibilities to access ultra-high magnetic fields that can be tailored to the nanoscale by electrical and mechanical controls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modulation of electric currents through single-molecule junctions is usually achieved by synthesis of molecules with desired functionalities, in conjunction with suitable molecule–electrode contacts through specific anchoring groups. An alternative to this approach, barely explored so far, is to use structured electrodes, where conductivity could eventually be controlled by changing the specific anchoring site within the very same electrode. Here, we theoretically investigate how to exploit the pronounced anisotropy of corrugated graphene deposited on Ru(0001) (Gr/Ru) to tailor single-molecule conductivity in 4-aminophenyl and 4-aminobenzonitrile. We show that currents induced in the upper and lower anchoring positions in the Gr/Ru moiré are substantially different, irrespective of the chosen molecule. The magnitude of these currents can differ by as much as an order of magnitude at specific bias voltages. We also show that both molecules display rectifying properties, which can differ by up to a factor of five in different anchoring sites. Interestingly, the observed modulations strongly depend on the chemical binding nature between the molecule and the electrode, (strong) covalent bond for 4-aminophenyl and (weak) physisorption for 4-aminobenzonitrile. All this suggests that Gr/Ru can be an ideal electrode to modulate single-molecule electric conductivity under experimental conditions that are available in many laboratories. [Display omitted] • Gr/Ru electrodes can be used to tailor single-molecule conductivity. • Molecule–electrode interaction strongly affects the current. • The asymmetry of the junction influences the rectification ratio. • Transport properties are not affected by the quantum dot located at the hill-site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on first-principles density functional theory, we investigated the electronic structures of twisted bilayer nitrogene at various twist angles. This electron localization by the influence of the moiré superlattice with very small θ leads to flat bands, especially one of valence bands at the Fermi level on atoms in the AA zone whereas for a larger θ no strong localization occurs owning to a large proportion of the AB zone. Also, there is a linear relationship between the band gaps and the torsion angles of the twisted bilayer nitrogene. A smaller twist angle corresponds to a larger band gap, whereas a larger twist angle corresponds to a smaller band gap. This localization should also reduce considerably the mobility of the electrons and thus modify transport properties. • The relationship between band gap and twist angle of the twisted bilayer nitrogene is linear. • The twist angle of about 5.82° is sufficient to achieve the ultra-flat band for bilayer nitrogene. • The wave function distribution of the states at the top of the valence band is very localized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Twisting bilayers of transition metal dichalcogenides gives rise to a moiré potential resulting in flat bands with localized wave functions and enhanced correlation effects. In this work, scanning tunneling microscopy is used to image a WS 2 bilayer twisted approximately 3° off the antiparallel alignment. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy reveals localized states in the vicinity of the valence band onset, which is observed to occur first in regions with S-on-S Bernal stacking. In contrast, density functional theory calculations on twisted bilayers that have been relaxed in vacuum predict the highest-lying flat valence band to be localized in regions of AA' stacking. However, agreement with experiment is recovered when the calculations are performed on bilayers in which the atomic displacements from the unrelaxed positions have been reduced, reflecting the influence of the substrate and finite temperature. This demonstrates the delicate interplay of atomic relaxations and the electronic structure of twisted bilayer materials.

The physical properties of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are closely related to their morphology; meanwhile GNRs can easily slide on surfaces (e.g., superlubricity), which may largely affect the configuration and hence the properties. However, the morphological evolution of GNRs during sliding remain elusive. We explore the intriguing tail swing behavior of GNRs under various sliding configurations on Au substrate. Two distinct modes of tail swing emerge, characterized by regular and irregular swings, depending on the GNR width and initial position relative to the substrate. The mechanism can be explained by the moiré effect, presenting both symmetric and asymmetric patterns, resembling a mesmerizing nanomillipede. We reveal a compelling correlation between the tail swing mode and the edge wrinkle patterns of GNRs induced by the moiré effect. These findings provide fundamental understanding of how edge effects influence the tribomorphological responses of GNRs, offering valuable insights for precise manipulation and operation of GNRs.

Due to atomically thin structure, graphene/hexagonal boron nitride (G/hBN) heterostructures are intensively sensitive to the external mechanical forces and deformations being applied to their lattice structure. In particular, strain can lead to the modification of the electronic properties of G/hBN. Furthermore, moiré structures driven by misalignment of graphene and hBN layers introduce new features to the electronic behavior of G/hBN. Utilizing ab initio calculation, we study the strain-induced modification of the electronic properties of diverse stacking faults of G/hBN when applying in-plane strain on both layers, simultaneously. We observe that the interplay of few percent magnitude in-plane strain and moiré pattern in the experimentally applicable systems leads to considerable valley drifts, band gap modulation and enhancement of the substrate-induced Fermi velocity renormalization. Furthermore, we find that regardless of the strain alignment, the zigzag direction becomes more efficient for electronic transport, when applying in-plane non-equibiaxial strains. • Giant strain-induced valley drifts and band gap modulation for non-equibiaxial strain. • Largely tunable band gaps at low strain costs (1-3%) compared to monolayer graphene (>20%). • Substrate-induced Fermi velocity renormalization is enhanced for in-plane biaxial strain. • For non-equibiaxial strains, regardless of the strain alignment, zigzag direction is more efficient for electronic transport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The deposition of Zn atoms on Ag substrate corresponds to the special case for which the deposited element present a surface energy lower than the one of the substrate and a smaller atomic radius. • Instead to observe a coherent epitaxy (pseudomorphy) of the Zn monolayer with formation of periodic linear defects as predicted by theoretical simulations we observed on both Ag(111) and Ag(110) a compact (111) monolayer of Zn forming unexpected and new superstructures. • From a detailed analysis of LEED and Moiré patterns observed by STM, we propose two ball models where the (111) Zn monolayers are rotated with respect to the silver substrate, of about 1.5° on the Ag(111) face and of about 4.5° on the Ag(110) giving rise respectively to (√156x√156)R18° and c(12 × 6) superstructures. Auger Electron Spectroscopy, Low Energy Electron Diffraction and Scanning Tunneling Microscopy have been used to study the atomic structure of a Zn monolayer deposited on Ag(111) and Ag(110) substrates at room temperature. On both faces, there is formation of a close packed monolayer of Zn covering the entire substrate surface and giving rise to specific Moiré patterns. From a comprehensive LEED and STM data analysis, we deduce that the Zn monolayer adopts a (111) structure equivalent to a pure Zn layer rotated with respect to the silver substrate, of about 1.5° on the Ag(111) face and of about 4.5° on the Ag(110) face giving rise respectively to (√156x√156)R18° and c(12 × 6) superstructures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract By applying scanning tunneling microscope (STM), we directly observed the coexistence of superconductivity and Moiré pattern on Se terminated surface of PbTaSe 2. Two different Moiré periodicities with 9.7 and 24 times of the crystal lattice were observed and the Moiré patterns showed distinct characters at different sample biases. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) studies revealed that the electronic structures were greatly modified by the Moiré patterns, and Moiré patterns with different manifestations had distinct electronic structures outside the superconducting (SC) gap. The main difference of the electronic structures of the bright and dark area of the Moiré pattern is a 1 meV energy shift of the peak positions on the local density of states (LDOS). We argued that the interlayer chemical bond and the multiple rotation conditions at the surface were responsible for the various manifestations of Moiré patterns and the great modifications of electronic structures. On surfaces with different Moiré patterns, the SC gaps are only slightly changed and remains homogeneous across the surfaces, which indicates that the proximity effect is the origin of superconductivity on Se surfaces. Highlights • Using scanning tunneling microscope, Moiré patterns are directly observed on Se surfaces of PbTaSe 2. •Various Moiré patterns are identified by measuring the surface with positive and negative voltages. •Electron structures were greatly modified by the Moiré patterns. •Superconducting gaps are only slightly changed on surfaces with/without Moiré patterns and are homogenous across the surfaces. •The results can be understand by the strong chemical bonds of Pb and TaSe 2 layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract An information hiding scheme for visual cryptography based on optical moiré-pixel matrix is introduced in this paper. The hiding information is formed by black and white unit square visual moiré-pixels with half of the period of a visual moiré pattern. The moiré-pixels can be accurately determined by designing the parameters in the original gratings. To verify the designed information hiding scheme, we experimentally conduct the sharing gratings to decrypt the information by using ordinary low-cost digital printing. The concealment of the sharing gratings is good to ensure the confidentiality. Both the simulation and experimental results show that the provoked scheme can afford enough security demand, yielding that the moiré-pixel matrix is a flexible platform for cryptographic security. Highlights • Novel scheme for visual cryptography combining moiré pattern and pixel matrix. • Simple encryption and high-quality decryption is provided. • Provides a low-cost and flexible platform for cryptographic security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the advancement of IT, users can now share and use a vast amount of information, but at the same time, their personal information has been widely used and made public. The personal information used should be protected in a secure manner, and users should also go through the correct authentication process. For this, user biometric information is being used as an authentication method. Currently, there are various methods of authenticating using biometric information of a user. However, to build a secure authentication system, it is necessary to use a method with high entropy, which is easy to use and a measure of unpredictability. In a biometric authentication protocol currently used in many systems, biometric information required for authentication is stored and used in a certificate authority or a web server. This can result in the occurrence of information leakage. The paper utilizes data that can be used for passwords extracted using the Moiré technique to apply it to extracting user biometric information to propose a safer and convenient method of authentication. Also, it proposes an authentication protocol that can authenticate a user through a combination of user personal information and data extracted through Moiré technique using multi-factor authentication technology, without storing the data on the server of a certification authority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Using a simple sequential deposition method, we grow black-phosphorus-like antimonene (α-antimonene) on top of α-bismuthene nanoislands. Due to the lattice mismatch between the α-antimonene overlayer and the bismuthene bases, the heterostructure exhibits a moiré pattern whose periodicitiy (∼8 ± 1 nm) is amongst the largest periodicities ever observed in 2D systems. We use scanning tunnelling microscopy and spectroscopy to show that this moiré pattern modulates both the electronic states in the bulk and the edge states of the α-antimonene, and therefore leads to local modulations of the topological phase. We present calculations which elucidate the effects of strain on the bandstructure of α-Sb and discuss detailed spectroscopy results for the edge states, as well as the effect of interlayer interactions between the α-Sb and α-Bi structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Well defined Cu@Ag core@shell (or core-shell) nanoparticles have been synthesized through a carbon monoxide (CO)-assisted solution phase method. These Cu@Ag nanoparticles transformed into Ag-Cu alloy nanostructures under propylene epoxidation conditions. Environmental transmission electron microscopy (ETEM) revealed the structural evolution of Cu@Ag nanoparticle under different propylene-to-oxygen (PP/O 2) ratios based on the Moirè pattern analysis of the micrographs obtained in situ. The counter diffusion of Ag and Cu atoms, from the shell and core respectively, was observed at the PP/O 2 ratio of 2:1. When the PP/O 2 ratio was 1:1, Cu@Ag core-shell nanoparticles turned into alloy nanostructures. The transformation from Cu@Ag to Ag-Cu alloy nanoparticles changed the catalytic performance in the production of propylene oxide from partial oxidation of propylene, resulting in a yield of 1.14 min−1 and selectivity of 79% when the PP/O 2 ratio was 2:1. This study shows besides temperature and pressure, other less-studied factors of reaction conditions such as composition of reactants may play critical roles in the dynamics of bimetallic nanostructures, thus their corresponding catalytic performances. This study develops the techniques on the applications of Moirè patterns for analyzing the dynamics of bimetallic core-shell nanostructures at atomic scale using (S)TEM micrographs. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Good quality of BP-like Bi(1 1 0) thin films. • Semiconductor substrate. • Clear sign of edge states extending to 2 nm depth. Black-phosphorus-like (BP-like) Bi(1 1 0) thin film, a potential large band gap two-dimensional (2D) topological insulator (TI) candidate that hosts a non-dissipative topological edge state, has attracted a lot of attention in recent years. However, the Bi(1 1 0) thin film with a large bulk band gap and topological edge states has not been definitely confirmed experimentally. Here, high-quality BP-like Bi(1 1 0) thin film is epitaxially grown on a semiconductor SnSe substrate. Employing scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/S), the BP-like structure was determined, and the corresponding electronic structure was also investigated. In addition, a distinct quasi-squared moiré pattern was observed, and the electronic states far away from Fermi energy in the 1BL Bi(1 1 0) film are significantly modulated by the moiré pattern spatially; instead, the electronic states near the Fermi energy are less influenced by the moiré pattern. Importantly, we also observed the enhanced states at the edge of 1BL and 2BL Bi(1 1 0) films, especially for 2BL film, with a clear sign of edge state peak extending to 2 nm depth, suggesting that 2BL BP-like Bi(1 1 0) on SnSe is a potential 2D TI. As a result, our research provides a platform for the further topological investigation of the BP-like Bi(1 1 0) thin film. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to its excellent properties in optical and electronic applications, twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) has attracted extensive research attention. As an encapsulation layer, hexagonal boron nitride (h -BN) is indispensable for fabricating TBG devices. Because h -BN and graphene exhibit similar lattice structures, TBG on h -BN exhibits periodic moiré patterns, which enable interlayer orientations to be revealed for bilayer graphene on h -BN. Herein, we used two-step chemical vapor deposition to synthesize TBG exhibiting multiple twist angles on h -BN. Conductive atomic force microscopy measurements revealed that the conductivity distribution was different for the graphene/ h -BN and TBG moiré patterns. Using the characteristics of the moiré patterns formed by these layers, h -BN and graphene interlayer orientations were precisely determined. This provides a feasible method for investigating the turbostratic arrangement of few-layer van der Waals heterostructures. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Near-monodispersed micrometer-sized polystyrene (PS) particles carrying amidino and carboxyl groups on their surfaces were synthesized by soap-free emulsion polymerization using an amphoteric free radical initiator. The resulting amphoteric PS particles were characterized in terms of diameter, morphology, disperibility in aqueous media and surface charge using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical microscopy (OM), sedimentation rate and electrophoretic measurements. At pH 2.0, where the amidino groups are protonated (positively charged), and at pH 11.0, where the carboxyl groups are deprotonated (negatively charged), the PS particles were well dispersed in aqueous media via electrostatic repulsion. At pH 4.8, where the surface charges are neutral, the PS particles were weakly aggregated. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the PS particles can function as a pH-sensitive foam stabilizer: foamability and foam stability were higher at pH 2.0 and 4.8, where the PS particles can be adsorbed to the air–water interface, and lower at pH 11.0, where the PS particles tend to disperse in bulk aqueous medium. SEM and OM studies indicated that hexagonally close-packed arrays of PS particles were formed on the bubble surfaces and moiré patterns were observed on the dried foams. Moreover, the fragments of dried foams showed iridescent character under white light.

Semiconducting ferroelectric materials with low energy polarization switching offer a platform for next-generation electronics such as ferroelectric field-effect transistors. Recently discovered interfacial ferroelectricity in bilayers of transition metal dichalcogenide films provides an opportunity to combine the potential of semiconducting ferroelectrics with the design flexibility of 2D material devices. Here, local control of ferroelectric domains in a marginally twisted WS 2 bilayer is demonstrated with a scanning tunneling microscope at room temperature, and their observed reversible evolution is understood using a string-like model of the domain wall network (DWN). Two characteristic regimes of DWN evolution are identified: (i) elastic bending of partial screw dislocations separating smaller domains with twin stackings due to mutual sliding of monolayers at domain boundaries and (ii) merging of primary domain walls into perfect screw dislocations, which become the seeds for the recovery of the initial domain structure upon reversing electric field. These results open the possibility to achieve full control over atomically thin semiconducting ferroelectric domains using local electric fields, which is a critical step towards their technological use., (© 2023 The Authors. Advanced Materials published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

This paper focuses on the light interference in biogenic guanine crystals that have interesting optical properties such as high reflectivity and optical biaxiality. In this paper, we find that a Moiré effect pattern is generated on a single guanine crystal of goldfish combining with the mirror surface substrate. An observation system, in this paper, is consisted with telecentric lens and coaxial vertical illumination using blue LED light source. It is clearly seen that homogeneous light and shade stripe patterns are observed on the broadest surface of the single guanine crystal plate floating in water. By contrast, when the guanine crystals are set on the substrates having the diffused reflection surface, this light and shade stripe pattern is not observed on the single guanine crystal but observed on two cross-stacked crystals as reported before. These results show that the light and shade stripe pattern on the single guanine crystal is produced by the optical interference, so-called Moiré effect, between guanine crystal and the mirror substrate surface. The angle dependence of reflection brightness and the magnetic orientation of guanine crystal are investigated by using Moiré patterns. Furthermore, we demonstrate that small curvatures and steps can be optically detected and estimated by the pattern change of Moiré stripes. It is confirmed that the direction of curvature is detected by controlling the guanine crystal orientation with magnetic fields and the curvature shape is reproduced from the Moiré pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows the deep analysis and research for the moire in the OGS metal mesh touch panel with practical test and simulation. Firstly, we have found the key factors of moire with practical verification which is related to the CF pattern, sensor metal width, mesh angle & mesh distance. The results show that the higher LCD PPI is, the more serious and complex moire phenomenon becomes. In touch sensor, with the metal width higher, the moire also will be more obvious. Secondly, we use the theory of Huygens Fresnel to build the model for the moire simulation with the Matlab. And the results show that the larger cycle value of moire, the more obvious of the moire. The cycle value of moire is the same, which means the intensity is bigger and the phenomenon of moire will be more obvious. These simulation results have mainly matched the practical product verification and will be suitable for different size products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is focused on the development of a novel method for designing high-end interference fit fasteners. In this work, a new surface laser treatment process was utilized to enable enhanced usability and bond strength control of press-fit connections. Cylindrical 10 mm diameter pins of 316L were textured over a 10 mm length using a pulsed CO 2 laser beam focused one millimeter below the surface, with the thermal energy adjusted to bring the surface to just above the melting point of the metal. The pin surface morphology and dimensions were precisely controlled by controlling the laser processing parameters specifically the laser beam power, the pulse repetition frequency, and the overlap between scan tracks. The pin was inserted into a hub hole diameter of 10.05 ± 0.003 mm and pull out joint bond strengths were examined. The results of this study showed that surface thus altered provided improved control of the bond strength which is a particular novelty of this new interference fit joining method. Surface roughness, Ra, from 40 to 160 μm, melt pool depths from 0.4 to 1.7 mm, increases in the pin outer diameter from 0.5 to 1.1 mm, and pull out forces of up to 7.51 kN were achieved. The bond joint was found to re-grip before final failure providing a more secure joint and increased safety. This joining method allows for the possibility of joining different materials. The pulse repetition frequency was measured to be the most significant processing parameter for control of the resulting mechanical properties and the bond strength with a clear inverse relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anomalous peculiarities in the form of stripes, the space scale of which much exceeds the ultrasonic wavelength, have been first observed in the acoustic images of the artificial opal crystals. The artificial opal crystal constitutes a close-packed lattice of nanospheres of X-ray amorphous silica. The presence of interferometric stripes is linked with distortions of the periodical structure of opal matrices and comprises of moiré effect. It has been found that acoustic microscopy method has high sensitivity to the changes of structure of opal matrices such as a turning of the adjacent layers of nanospheres at the angle about 1–2°. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A resonant Raman study of twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) samples with different twisting angles using many different laser lines in the visible range is presented. The samples were fabricated by CVD technique and transferred to Si/SiO substrates. The Raman excitation profiles of the huge enhancement of the G-band intensity for a group of different TBG flakes were obtained experimentally, and the analysis of the profiles using a theoretical expression for the Raman intensities allowed us to obtain the energies of the van Hove singularities generated by the Moiré patterns and the lifetimes of the excited state of the Raman process. Our results exhibit a good agreement between experimental and calculated energies for van Hove singularities and show that the lifetime of photoexcited carrier does not depend significantly on the twisting angle in the range intermediate angles ( 휃 between 10 and 15). We observed that the width of the resonance window (Γ ≈ 250 meV) is much larger than the REP of the Raman modes of carbon nanotubes, which are also enhanced by resonances with van Hove singularities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]