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ABSTRACT: Though it is well known that insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) plays an important role in myogenesis and adipogenesis in mammals, its impact on the proliferation, differentiation, and lipid deposition in chicken primary myoblasts (CPM) and intramuscular preadipocytes remains unexplored. In the present study, we firstly examined the correlation between SNPs within the genomic sequence of the IGFBP7 gene and carcass and blood chemical traits in a F2 resource population by genetic association analysis, and found that a significant correlation between the SNP (4_49499525) located in the intron region of IGFBP7 and serum high-density lipoproteins (HDL). We then examined the expression patterns of IGFBP7 across different stages of proliferation and differentiation in CPMs and intramuscular preadipocytes via qPCR, and explored the biological functions of IGFBP7 through gain- and loss-of-function experiments and a range of techniques including qPCR, CCK-8, EdU, flow cytometry, Western blot, immunofluorescence, and Oil Red O staining to detect the proliferation, differentiation, and lipid deposition in CPMs and intramuscular preadipocytes. We ascertained that the expression levels of the IGFBP7 gene increased as cell differentiation progresses in CPMs and intramuscular preadipocytes, and that IGFBP7 promotes the proliferation and differentiation of these cells, as well as facilitates intracellular lipid deposition. Furthermore, we investigated the regulatory mechanism of IGFBP7 expression by using co-transfection strategy and dual-luciferase reporter assay, and discovered that the myogenic transcription factors (MRF), myoblast determination factor (MyoD) and myogenin (MyoG), along with the adipocyte-specific transcription factor (TF) CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα), can bind to the core transcription activation region of the IGFBP7 promoter located 500 bp upstream from the transcription start site, thereby promoting IGFBP7 transcription and expression. Taken together, our study underscores the role of IGFBP7 as a positive regulator for myogenesis and adipogenesis, while also elucidating the functional and transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of IGFBP7 in chicken skeletal muscle development and intramuscular adipogenesis.

As the demand for food surges and the agricultural sector undergoes a transformative shift towards sustainability and efficiency, the need for precise and proactive measures to ensure the health and welfare of livestock becomes paramount. In the egg and hatchery industry, hyperspectral imaging (HSI) has emerged as a cutting-edge, non-destructive technique for fast and accurate egg quality analysis, including detecting chick embryo mortality. However, the high cost and operational complexity compared to conventional RGB imaging are significant bottlenecks in the widespread adoption of HSI technology. To overcome these hurdles and unlock the full potential of HSI, a promising solution is hyperspectral image reconstruction from standard RGB images. This study aims to reconstruct hyperspectral images from RGB images for non-destructive early prediction of chick embryo mortality. Initially, the performance of different image reconstruction algorithms, such as HRNET, MST++, Restormer, and EDSR were compared to reconstruct the hyperspectral images of the eggs in the early incubation period. Later, the reconstructed spectra were used to differentiate live from dead embryos eggs using the XGBoost and Random Forest classification methods. Among the reconstruction methods, HRNET showed impressive reconstruction performance with MRAE of 0.0955, RMSE of 0.0159, and PSNR of 36.79 dB. This study motivated the idea that harnessing imaging technology integrated with smart sensors and data analytics has the potential to improve automation, enhance biosecurity, and optimize resource management towards sustainable agriculture 4.0.

ABSTRACTInsect vector-borne diseases (VBDs) pose significant global health challenges, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. The WHO has launched the “Global Vector Control Response (GVCR) 2017–2030” to address these diseases, emphasizing a comprehensive approach to vector control. This systematic review investigates the potential of malaria and dengue vaccines in controlling mosquito-borne VBDs, aiming to alleviate disease burdens and enhance public health. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, the review incorporated 39 new studies out of 934 identified records. It encompasses various studies assessing malaria and dengue vaccines, emphasizing the significance of vaccination as a preventive measure. The findings indicate variations in vaccine efficacy, duration of protection, and safety considerations for each disease, influencing public health strategies. The review underscores the urgent need for vaccines to combat the increasing burden of VBDs like malaria and dengue, advocating for ongoing research and investment in vaccine development.

Water pumping systems are crucial for extracting water from deep wells. However, electricity shortages and high fuel prices significantly impact the efficiency and reliability of these systems. Therefore, renewable energy sources have gained more attention as alternatives to fossil fuels. Photovoltaic (PV) energy-based pumping systems, in particular, are becoming popular, especially in rural areas where grid connections are often unavailable. Several factors influence the performance of photovoltaic water pumping systems (PVWPS), including solar irradiance, temperature, system design, maintenance, and pumping load. To ensure optimal performance under these varying conditions, two controllers are crucial. The first controller is the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) controller, designed to maximize power extraction from the PV panels under varying environmental conditions (in particular, solar radiation and temperature). The second controller regulates the speed and torque of the induction motor (IM) which drives the pump responsible for water extraction. Therefore, to improve the performance of these controllers under different conditions. This review paper first examines widely used soft computing methods, providing a detailed description of each. These methods are then applied to both the MPPT and the IM controllers, offering valuable insights for researchers looking to develop advanced PVWPS control configurations for future applications.

Due to its low density, magnesium is recognized as a lighter metal and it is favorable for frequent use in industries. It is used in aerospace, biomedical, automotive, and other industrial applications. Magnesium is a promising element that is vital for reducing emissions, improving efficiency, protecting the environment, and enhancing the machine economy. This study analyzes the influence of various cutting environments and parameters on the turning operation of magnesium base alloy (AZ91D). Aluminum 9% and Zinc 1% is the main constituent of AZ91D. The machining process was accomplished using dry, minimum quantity lubrication (MQL), and nano minimum quantity lubrication (NMQL) environments based on their influence on surface roughness (SR) and temperature. Under certain circumstances, it was observed that SR decreases with the increase in the cutting velocity (V c), feed rate, and depth of cut. During cutting of AZ91D in dry conditions, it is preferred to use a moderate speed. Higher temperature was recorded during dry conditions which can significantly reduce the life span of the tool. MQL and NMQL have reduced the cutting temperature by a margin of 25–40% compared to dry machining, thus improving tool life. NMQL has shown decent cooling results compared to other cooling systems.

The dining sector in developing countries faces numerous challenges, including inefficiencies in order handling, resource management, and ensuring food quality and customer privacy. Traditional methods often lead to delays, errors, and dissatisfaction. This paper proposes a quick-witted, intelligent order-handling system utilizing the Internet of Things (IoT) to address these challenges and enhance the overall dining experience. We present a comprehensive approach to developing and implementing an IoT-based automated order-handling system tailored to restaurants' specific needs and challenges in developing countries, highlighting the importance of technology in enhancing operational efficiency and customer satisfaction. The proposed automated secure order-handling system using IoT demonstrates significant potential for improving efficiency and customer satisfaction in the dining sector. By addressing common problems through advanced technology, this system offers a sustainable solution that enhances the dining experience while ensuring food orders' validity, quality, and privacy. We analyzed the potential impact of implementing such a system in developing countries, focusing on economic and operational benefits.

Optimal energy harvesting is dependent on the efficient extraction of energy from photovoltaic (PV) arrays. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithms are crucial in achieving the maximum power harvest from the PV systems. Therefore, in response to a fluctuating power generation rate due to shading of the PV, the MPPT algorithms must dynamically adapt to the PV array's Maximum Power Point (MPP). In this article, three metaheuristic optimization MPPT techniques, utilized in DC converters connected to the array of 4 PV panels, are compared. The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Genetic Algorithm (GA), and Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), which are used to optimize MPPT in the converter, are compared. This research evaluates the efficiency of each optimization method in converging to MPP under 2 s after partial shading of the PV with respect to velocity and accuracy. All algorithms exhibit fast MPPT optimization. However, among the evaluated algorithms, the PSO was distinguished for its higher stability and efficiency.

In the context of Alzheimer's disease (AD), timely identification is paramount for effective management, acknowledging its chronic and irreversible nature, where medications can only impede its progression. Our study introduces a holistic solution, leveraging the hippocampus and the VGG16 model with transfer learning for early AD detection. The hippocampus, a pivotal early affected region linked to memory, plays a central role in classifying patients into three categories: cognitively normal (CN), representing individuals without cognitive impairment; mild cognitive impairment (MCI), indicative of a subtle decline in cognitive abilities; and AD, denoting Alzheimer's disease. Employing the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset, our model undergoes training enriched by advanced image preprocessing techniques, achieving outstanding accuracy (testing 98.17 %, validation 97.52 %, training 99.62 %). The strategic use of transfer learning fortifies our competitive edge, incorporating the hippocampus approach and, notably, a progressive data augmentation technique. This innovative augmentation strategy gradually introduces augmentation factors during training, significantly elevating accuracy and enhancing the model's generalization ability. The study emphasizes practical application with a user-friendly website, empowering radiologists to predict class probabilities, track disease progression, and visualize patient images in both 2D and 3D formats, contributing significantly to the advancement of early AD detection.

Epoxy thermosets need to be designed for simple recycling and biomass resource utilization in order to be fully sustainable building materials. The development of covalent adaptive networks (CANs) using adaptive covalent chemistry (ACC) may be helpful in this regard. Several reversible covalent bonds are incorporated into the epoxy polymer to overcome the challenge of reprocessability or recyclability, degradability and self-healability. The imine bond, also referred to as the Schiff base, is one of the reversible covalent bonds that can participate in both associative and dissociative reactions. This opens up possibilities for mechanical and chemical recycling as well as self-healing. This review summarises the progress related to the synthesis and mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy thermosets based on reversible imine bonds derived from different sustainable resources over the past few decades. The feedstocks, physical and thermal properties, recycling conditions, degradability and self-healability of the biomass epoxy thermosets are addressed along with the main obstacles, prospective improvements and potential applications.

The study examines the effect of chief executive officers (CEO) Characteristics on the financial performance of listed fast moving consumer goods firms in Nigeria from 2013 to 2022. The study used a sample size of thirteen (13). The dependent variable was measured by ROA and ROE. The study engaged a secondary source of data which was obtained from the annual reports of the firms and NEG website. The results from the Driscoll-Kraay robust fixed effect regression analysis proved that CEO financial expertise and tenure have a positive and significant effect on the financial performance of the listed while CEO Political connection has a positive and insignificant effect on financial performance. The study concludes that firms with CEOs who are financial experts outperform firms without expertise in terms of financial performance in listed consumer goods firms in Nigeria. The study recommends among others that the board of the consumer goods firms when hiring CEOs should give significant weight to candidates' financial expertise. The recruitment process should assess the candidates' financial acumen, educational background, and relevant experience.

As the combustibles are almost in contact with the oxidizers and mostly all conditions are available to start a fire, this review covers the fire scene which could be intentionally or unintentionally started using a combustible liquid. The first step in the way of investigation is identifying the starting point of the fire, followed by knowing the causes of the fire and collecting fire debris samples to determine the presence of ignitable liquid residues. The fire debris collected from the crime scene is subjected to different extractions that including solvent extraction, distillation, headspace, and solid phase micro-extraction. Among the commonly used extraction methods, headspace and solid phase micro-extraction are on top because they are fast, solvent-less, and have no loss of sample concentration. The sample is usually analyzed by the gas chromatography technique, which is the most sensitive and effective method for detecting and characterizing ignitable liquid residues, to identify the components.

Overuse and misuse of antibiotics have led to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and pose a significant threat due to adverse drug reactions, increased healthcare costs, and poor patient outcomes. Antibiotic stewardship programs, including antibiotic de-escalation, aim to optimize antibiotic use and to reduce the development of antibiotic resistance. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to fill the gap by analyzing the current literature on the implications of antibiotic de-escalation in patients on antibiotic use, duration of hospital stay, mortality, and cost; to update clinical practice recommendations for the proper use of antibiotics; and to offer insightful information about the efficacy of antibiotic de-escalation. Based on the PRISMA 2020 recommendations, a comprehensive literature search was conducted using electronic databases and reference lists of identified studies. Eligible studies were published in English, conducted in humans, and evaluated the impact of antibiotic de-escalation on antibiotic consumption, length of hospitalization, mortality, or cost in hospitalized adult patients. Data were extracted using a standardized form, and the quality of included studies was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. The data from 25 studies were pooled and analyzed using the Revman-5 software, and statistical heterogeneity was evaluated using a chi-square test and I2 statistics. Among the total studies, seven studies were conducted in pediatric patients and the remaining studies were conducted in adults. The studies showed a wide range of de-escalation rates, with most studies reporting a rate above 50%. In some studies, de-escalation was associated with a decrease in antimicrobial utilization and mean length of stay, but the impact on overall cost was mixed. Our pooled analysis for mortality reported that a significant difference was observed between the de-escalation group and the non-de-escalation group in a random effect model (RR = 0.67, 95% CI 0.52–0.86, p = 0.001). The results suggest that de-escalation therapy can be applied in different healthcare settings and patient populations. However, the de-escalation rate varied depending on the study population and definition of de-escalation. Despite this variation, the results of this systematic review support the importance of de-escalation as a strategy to optimize antibiotic therapy and to reduce the development of subsequent antibiotic resistance. Further studies are needed to evaluate the impact of de-escalation on patient outcomes and to standardize the definition of de-escalation to allow for better comparison of studies.

Abstract Background Recent studies have revealed some conflicting results about the health effects of caffeine. These studies are inconsistent in terms of design and population and source of consumed caffeine. In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the possible health effects of dietary caffeine intake among overweight and obese individuals. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 488 apparently healthy individuals with overweight and obesity were participated. Dietary intake was assessed by a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and the amount of dietary caffeine was calculated. Body composition was determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Enzymatic methods were used to evaluate serum lipid, glucose, and insulin concentrations. Results Those at the highest tertile of dietary caffeine intake had lower percentage of fat mass, higher fat free mass and appetite score (P

Abstract Background and aims Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are commonly encountered in hemodialysis (HD) patients. However, the causes linked to these disorders are still partially defined. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of MSDs and their relationship to a variety of clinico-social characteristics such as sleep quality, mood disorders, fatigue, and social support, in addition to the patients’ clinical and therapeutic profile. Method The study included 94 patients on maintenance HD. Clinical and Sociodemographic data was gathered. To investigate the prevalence and trends of MSDs, the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ-E) was employed. Patients completed the modified Edmonton Symptom Assessment System, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20), and Perceived Social Support from Family Scales. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis were used to assess the determinants of MSDs. Results The patients' mean age was 49.73 and 59.6% were males. Seventy-two percent of patients were afflicted by MSDs. Knee pain (48.9%), low back pain (43.6%), shoulder pain (41.6%), hip/thigh pain (35.1%), and neck pains (35.1%) were the most reported MSD domains. Pain (p = 0.001), fatigue (p = 0.01), depression (p = 0.015), and anxiety (p = 0.003) scores were substantially higher in patients with MSDs. Furthermore, patients with MSDs engaged in less physical activity (p = 0.02) and perceived less social support (p = 0.029). Patients with MSDs had lower subjective sleep quality, daytime dysfunction domains, and global PSQI scores (p = 0.02, 0.031, 0.036, respectively). Female gender (p = 0.013), fatigue (p = 0.012), depression (p = 0.014), anxiety (p = 0.004), lower activity (p = 0.029), and PSQI score (0.027), use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs), antihypertensive drugs, calcium and Iron supplementation were all significantly associated with MSDs. At the multivariable regression model, administration of ESAs (p = 0.017) and pain score (p = 0.040) were the only independent variables associated with the outcome. Conclusion MSDs are quite common among HD patients. Female gender, pain, fatigue, depression, anxiety, reduced activity, poor sleep quality, and use of ESAs are all significantly associated with MSDs in HD patients. Patients with MSD perceived less social support compared to the other group. Patients treated with antihypertensive drugs, calcium and iron supplements were more likely to suffer MSDs.

Survivability is a critical concern in WSNs, heavily influenced by energy efficiency. Addressing severe energy constraints in WSNs requires solutions that meet application goals while prolonging network life. This paper presents an Energy Optimization Approach (EOAMRCL) for WSNs, integrating the Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) for enhanced performance. EOAMRCL aims to enhance energy efficiency by selecting the optimal duty-cycle schedule, transmission power, and routing paths. The proposed approach employs a centralized strategy using a hierarchical network architecture. During the cluster formation phase, an objective function, augmented with GWO, determines the ideal cluster heads (CHs). The routing protocol then selects routes with minimal energy consumption for data transmission to CHs, using transmission power as a metric. In the transmission phase, the MAC layer forms a duty-cycle schedule based on cross-layer routing information, enabling nodes to switch between active and sleep modes according to their network allocation vectors (NAVs). This process is further optimized by an enhanced CSMA/CA mechanism, which incorporates sleep/activate modes and pairing nodes to alternate between active and sleep states. This integration reduces collisions, improves channel assessment accuracy, and lowers energy consumption, thereby enhancing overall network performance. EOAMRCL was evaluated in a MATLAB environment, demonstrating superior performance compared with EEUC, DWEHC, and CGA-GWO protocols, particularly in terms of network lifetime and energy consumption. This highlights the effectiveness of integrating GWO and the updated CSMA/CA mechanism in achieving optimal energy efficiency and network performance.

According to the American Joint Commission on Cancer (AJCC) 8th edition guidelines, SLN biopsy is recommended for primary melanomas with a Breslow thickness of at least 1 mm. Additionally, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) recommends that a SLN biopsy may be considered for melanoma patients with T1b lesions, which are 0.8–1 mm thick or less than 0.8 mm thick with ulceration. It can also be considered for T1a lesions that are less than 0.8 mm thick but have other adverse features, such as a high mitotic rate, lymphovascular invasion, or a positive deep margin. To reduce the false negative rate of melanoma SLN biopsy, we have introduced the intraoperative use of Sentinella, a gamma camera, to enhance the identification rate of SLNs beyond that of the traditional gamma hand-held probe. At the Center for Melanoma Research and Treatment at the California Pacific Medical Center, a multidisciplinary approach has been established to treat melanoma patients when the diagnosis of primary melanoma is made with a referral to our melanoma center. This comprehensive approach at the melanoma tumor board, including the efforts of pathologists, radiologists, dermatologists, surgical, medical and radiation oncologists, results in a consensus to deliver personalized and high-quality care for our melanoma patients. This multidisciplinary program for the management of melanoma can be duplicated for other types of cancer. This article consists of current knowledge to document the published methods of identification of sentinel lymph nodes. In addition, we have included new data as developed in our melanoma center as newly published materials in this article to demonstrate the utility of these methods in melanoma sentinel lymph node surgery. Informed consent has been waived by our IRB regarding the acquisition of clinical data as presented in this study.

Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health issue in India, with high incidence and mortality. The current literature on post-TB sequelae functional defects focuses heavily on spirometry, with conflicting obstruction vs. restriction data, lacks advanced statistical analysis, and has insufficient data on diffusion limitation and functional impairment. Objective: This study aimed to thoroughly evaluate post-tubercular sequelae after treatment, assessing chest radiology, spirometry, diffusing capacity, and exercise capacity. Methods: A total of 85 patients were studied at a university teaching hospital in Mysuru. The data collected included characteristics, comorbidities, smoking history, and respiratory symptoms. The investigations included spirometry, DLCO, chest X-rays with scoring, and 6MWT. Results: Of the patients, 70% had abnormal X-rays post-treatment, correlating with reduced lung function. Additionally, 70% had impaired spirometry with obstructive/restrictive patterns, and 62.2% had reduced DLCO, with females at higher risk. Smoking increased the risk of sequelae. Conclusions: Most patients had residual radiological/lung function abnormalities post-treatment. Advanced analyses provide insights into obstructive vs. restrictive defects. Ongoing research should explore pathogenetic mechanisms and therapeutic modalities to minimize long-term post-TB disability.

BackgroundVaccine hesitancy is a growing concern in Saudi Arabia, impacting even well-educated parents. The decision-making process involves various factors such as accessibility, trustworthy information, and the influence of social networks, reflecting a complex interplay of emotional, cultural, social, spiritual, and political dimensions. ObjectiveThis review seeks to evaluate the prevalence and trends of vaccine hesitancy, identify contributing factors, and explore potential solutions to enhance immunization rates. This review aligns with global concerns, as the World Health Organization has identified vaccine hesitancy as a top global health threat. MethodsOur systematic review will follow the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines and PICOS (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, and Study) criteria for comprehensive assessment. We will conduct a thorough search across various databases, encompassing a wide range of vaccines, and pay special attention to vaccination campaigns and refusals. Inclusion criteria involve descriptive, observational, and analytical studies focusing on factors influencing vaccine acceptance or hesitancy. The study will use the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool for quality assessment and perform a narrative synthesis to summarize findings thematically. ResultsThis systematic review is expected to unveil the prevalence and trends of vaccine hesitancy in diverse populations in Saudi Arabia, shedding light on cultural, religious, and social factors contributing to hesitancy. It aims to assess the effectiveness of implemented strategies, enable regional and global comparisons, and provide implications for tailored vaccination policies. Additionally, the review may pinpoint research gaps, guiding future investigations to address and mitigate vaccine hesitancy effectively. ConclusionsThe findings are expected to have direct policy implications and guide interventions to strengthen vaccination programs and improve public health outcomes. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)PRR1-10.2196/54680

In a world grappling with escalating energy demand and pressing environmental concerns, microgrids have risen as a promising solution to bolster energy efficiency, alleviate costs, and mitigate carbon emissions. This article delves into the dynamic realm of microgrids, emphasizing their indispensable role in addressing today's energy needs while navigating the hazards of pollution. Microgrid operations are intricately shaped by a web of constraints, categorized into two essential domains: those inherent to the microgrid itself and those dictated by the external environment. These constraints, stemming from component limitations, environmental factors, and grid connections, exert substantial influence over the microgrid's operational capabilities. Of particular significance is the three-tiered control framework, encompassing primary, secondary, and energy management controls. This framework guarantees the microgrid's optimal function, regulating power quality, frequency, and voltage within predefined parameters. Central to these operations is the energy management control, the third tier, which warrants in-depth exploration. This facet unveils the art of fine-tuning parameters within the microgrid's components, seamlessly connecting them with their surroundings to streamline energy flow and safeguard uninterrupted operation. In essence, this article scrutinizes the intricate interplay between microgrid constraints and energy management parameters, illuminating how the nuanced adjustment of these parameters is instrumental in achieving the dual objectives of cost reduction and Carbon Dioxide emission minimization, thereby shaping a more sustainable and eco-conscious energy landscape. This study investigates microgrid dynamics, focusing on the nuanced interplay between constraints and energy management for cost reduction and Carbon Dioxide minimization. We employ a three-tiered control framework—primary, secondary, and energy management controls—to regulate microgrid function, exploring fine-tuned parameter adjustments for optimal performance.

The potential of hyperspectral imaging technology (HIT) for the determination of physicochemical and nutritional components, evaluation of fungal/mycotoxins contamination, wheat varieties classification, identification of non-mildew-damaged wheat kernels, as well as detection of flour adulteration is comprehensively illustrated and reviewed. The latest findings (2018–2023) of HIT in wheat quality evaluation through internal and external attributes are compared and summarized in detail. The limitations and challenges of HIT to improve assessment accuracy are clearly described. Additionally, various practical recommendations and strategies for the potential application of HIT are highlighted. The future trends and prospects of HIT in evaluating wheat quality are also mentioned. In conclusion, HIT stands as a cutting-edge technology with immense potential for revolutionizing wheat quality evaluation. As advancements in HIT continue, it will play a pivotal role in shaping the future of wheat quality assessment and contributing to a more sustainable and efficient food supply chain.

Byttneria pilosa, a flowering plant from the Malvaceae family traditionally used to treat ailments such as boils and scabies, is here investigated for its potential health benefits. The study focused on evaluating its antioxidant and antidiabetic properties in vitro, as well as the in vivo anxiolytic and antidepressant activities of the methanol extract of B. pilosa leaf (MEBP). The study employed various assays to evaluate antioxidant activity, including 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, reducing power capacity, and quantification of the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of MEBP. Additionally, anxiolytic and antidepressant activities were evaluated through four tests: elevated plus-maze test (EPMT), light–dark box test (LDBT), forced swimming test (FST), and tail suspension test (TST). Antidiabetic effect was determined using α-amylase inhibition assay. Docking analysis was performed using BIOVIA and Schrödinger Maestro (v11.1), and the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion/toxicity (ADME/T) properties of bioactive substances were investigated using a web-based technique. MEBP exhibited moderate antioxidant activity in DPPH radical scavenging and reducing power capacity assays, with a dose-dependent response. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents measured were 70 ± 1.53 mg and 22.33 ± 1.20 mg, respectively. MEBP demonstrated significant effects in α-amylase inhibition comparable to acarbose. In behavioral tests, MEBP dose-dependently altered time spent in open arms/light box and closed arms/dark box, indicating anxiolytic effects. Moreover, MEBP significantly reduced immobility duration in FST and TST, suggesting antidepressant properties. Molecular docking analysis revealed favorable interactions between beta-sitosterol and specific targets, suggesting the potential mediation of anxiolytic and antidiabetic effects. Overall, MEBP exhibits notable anxiolytic and antidepressant properties, along with moderate antioxidant and antidiabetic activities.

Background: In traditional herbal medicine, Anchusa italica has sometimes been used to treat inflammatory diseases, wounds and sooth pain, but the scientific evidence supporting these uses is not solid. Given its traditional uses, we aim to evaluate the anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, healing and antidepressant pharmacological activities of root and leaf extracts from the A. italica. Methods: the phytochemical study was carried out by HPLC-MS analysis. The anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antidepressant activities were studied on male Wister rats, and healing activity on mal New Zealand rabbits. Extracts were administered orally using doses 200 and 400 mg/kg for anti-inflammatory activity, 400 mg/kg for analgesic activity, 200 mg/kg for antidepressant activity. Healing activity was studied using a cream containing 5 % of the extract topically. Results: The HPLC analysis found six phenolic compounds in the root extract and nine in the leaf extract. The anti-inflammatory test gave significant results (p

In this systematic review, we scrutinise adolescent nutrition in Nigeria, focusing on dietary patterns, intake, and nutritional status. Through a systematic examination of observational studies across three major databases, we analysed data from 67,844 adolescents. Our exploration revealed 102 studies, predominantly cross-sectional, addressing various nutritional dimensions. However, only 13% of these studies demonstrated low risk of bias, with none offering national representation and most concentrated in specific, school-based regions. The findings underscore a complex nutritional landscape with widespread malnutrition and highlight the critical need for high-quality, comprehensive data. The dominance of cross-sectional designs and regional biases in existing research calls for cautious interpretation and suggests a pressing need for more robust, nationally representative studies to guide future nutritional interventions and policy-making in Nigeria.

ObjectiveThis study aims to examine the impact of e-WOM on customer purchase intentions in Facebook fan pages using theories of trust, value co-creation and brand attitude. The present research has set out to explore this emerging domain of study and has thus developed & tested propositions which attempt to establish a relationship between e-WOM and customer's purchase intentions. A deeper understanding of this possible association is obtained by studying the mediating roles of Trust, Value Co-Creation, Brand Image and Brand Attitude.MethodologyThe context for exploring this phenomenon is chosen to be the fan pages of smartphone brands on Facebook. The study involved conducting a sample survey of 490 respondents, comprising of both male and female, who belong to 5 smartphone brands Facebook fan pages-Samsung, Moto G, Lenovo, MI and ASUS are considered for the study. Out of which sample of 100 each has been targeted individually.FindingsThe findings suggested that e-WOM significantly predicts the purchase intentions of the customers of a specific product and considerable impacted on the purchase decision. The findings of the study also reveal that customer 's trust beliefs, perceived value co-creation, brand image and brand attitude partially mediate in between relationships of e-WOM and purchase intention.ConclusionThe actual presence of different types of consumer electronics brands on the social media, more prominently, the smartphones, which undoubtedly are the most ubiquitous product of this segment. In fact, this indicates that presence on social media is a well- thought organizational strategy developed by companies to gain partial control over the customer 's decision- making process by establishing a close connect with the customers for a long period.ImplicationThis consequence will significantly impact the decision-making process of marketers or practitioners in relation to their marketing tactics. This research also indicates that marketers could devise more effective methods for distributing marketing content through social networking sites, while corporations can cultivate favorable electronic word-of-mouth for their products or services. Through the implementation of social media marketing strategies, companies can increase their sales volume and generate higher revenue. The study examined the role of trust, virtual community participation, and desire to purchase as mediators on smartphone brand fan sites on Facebook. It was observed that these factors had a partial influence on customer purchase intention.

A cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of intramammary infection (IMI) associated bacteria and to identify risk factors for pathogen group-specific IMI in water buffalo in Bangladesh. A California Mastitis Test (CMT) and bacteriological cultures were performed on 1,374 quarter milk samples collected from 763 water buffalo from 244 buffalo farms in nine districts in Bangladesh. Quarter, buffalo, and farm-related data were obtained through questionnaires and visual observations. A total of 618 quarter samples were found to be culture positive. Non-aureus staphylococci were the predominant IMI-associated bacterial species, and Staphylococcus (S.) chromogenes, S. hyicus, and S. epidermidis were the most common bacteria found. The proportion of non-aureus staphylococci or Mammaliicoccus sciuri (NASM), S. aureus, and other bacterial species identified in the buffalo quarter samples varied between buffalo farms. Therefore, different management practices, buffalo breeding factors, and nutrition were considered and further analyzed when estimating the IMI odds ratio (OR). The odds of IMI by any pathogen (OR: 1.8) or by NASM (OR: 2.2) was high in buffalo herds with poor milking hygiene. Poor cleanliness of the hind quarters had a high odds of IMI caused by any pathogen (OR: 2.0) or NASM (OR: 1.9). Twice daily milking (OR: 3.1) and farms with buffalo purchased from another herd (OR: 2.0) were associated with IMI by any pathogen. Asymmetrical udders were associated with IMI-caused by any bacteria (OR: 1.7). A poor body condition score showed higher odds of IMI by any pathogen (OR: 1.4) or by NASM (OR: 1.7). This study shows that the prevalence of IMI in water buffalo was high and varied between farms. In accordance with the literature, our data highlight that IMI can be partly controlled through better farm management, primarily by improving hygiene, milking management, breeding, and nutrition.

3D printers have been the focus of many researchers in recent years. Many thin-walled structures can be produced using 3D printers. One of the thin wall structures that can be made with 3D printers is the core of sandwich panels. In this research, cores with rectangular cross section have been made using Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) and Polylactic Acid (PLA) filaments. These cores were reinforced using aluminum and composite face sheets and subjected to a three-point bending test. Glass fibers with a density of 200 g/m2 were used to make composite shells. The results showed that the addition of aluminum and composite face sheets, although increasing the flexural strength, greatly reduces the flexibility of the core.

The use of agricultural and biomass waste to treat pollutants is a fruitful sector as it resolves a major problem by a low-cost and eco-friendly source. This study investigates the antimicrobial potential of Pomegranate (P. granatum) peel extract and Copper Oxide (CuO) nanoparticles (NPs), evaluating their efficacy against various bacterial strains. The P. granatum extract displayed notable bactericidal activity, particularly against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). CuO NPs induced reactive oxygen species, disrupting bacterial mechanisms and altering cellular morphology. Even at lower concentrations, both agents exhibited efficiency comparable to a higher concentration of the pharmaceutical standard (Ciprofloxacin 250 mg/10 ml, 2.5 %). These findings align with previous research, underscoring the antimicrobial properties of P. granatum and the potential of CuO NPs as alternative agents. The study highlights the significance of the ongoing quest for effective and sustainable antimicrobial solutions.

Abstract Freshwater ecosystems are the most threatened on Earth, with many species facing extinction. The Clanwilliam sandfish (Labeo seeberi) is South Africa's most threatened migratory freshwater fish and is endemic to the Olifants–Doring River system in the Cape Fold Ecoregion. Non‐native fish predation and river desiccation have caused a recruitment bottleneck, severely compromising juvenile survival and resulting in a declining population of aging sandfish. The Saving Sandfish Project launched an emergency head‐start intervention in 2020 to reduce extinction risk. We (1) rescued juvenile sandfish from drying pools in a key spawning tributary (the Biedouw River); (2) relocated them to 6 off‐stream reservoirs; and (3) released reservoir‐reared sandfish back into their natal river once large enough to evade non‐native fish predation. Here, we estimate survival in the reservoir environment, evaluate return rates relative to wild run size, and assess the probability of return based on conditions at release. Between 2020 and 2022, we stocked 33,391 juvenile sandfish into the 6 reservoirs. After 1 year, the estimated survival rate at one reservoir was 0.679 (range based on 95% CI: 0.385–0.973). Release and return results are presented only for the first (2020) rescue cohort. In 2021, we released 1277 sandfish from 2 reservoirs into the Biedouw River, comprising 16.6% of the 2020 rescue cohort. Mean size at release was 169 mm (SE 0.6) total length. Of those released, 994 were PIT‐tagged. A total of 77 PIT‐tagged sandfish were recorded during the 2022 spawning migration—a return rate of 7.7% of tagged releases in the first year of returns. Size of fish and distance from the Doring River at release were significant predictors of return probability, with larger fish released further from the Doring experiencing a higher probability of return. This program serves as a model for the conservation of freshwater fish where there is an imminent and high risk of extinction.

BackgroundThe global COVID-19 pandemic profoundly impacted nations worldwide, and Bangladesh was no exception. In response, the government of Bangladesh implemented community awareness initiatives aimed at containing the spread of the virus, aligned with international guidelines and recommendations. Despite these efforts, a lack of comprehensive community awareness programs played an essential role during the pandemic, not the preventive measures. A qualitative study employing framing theory was conducted to gain a deeper insight into how the social context influenced risk communication and community response throughout the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh.MethodsThe study was conducted in four selected districts of Bangladesh from February to May 2022 using complementary data collection methods, including key informant interviews, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions with purposely selected participants. Data were analyzed thematically by following six steps of the thematic analysis process. Codes were developed based on the data and summarized into themes and sub-themes grounded on the codes.ResultsThe findings indicate that the government of Bangladesh, along with development partners and non-government organizations, made a significant effort to raise awareness about COVID-19 in the community. However, there were certain limitations to this effort. These include a lack of social science and public health approaches to understanding the pandemic; inadequate coordination among the authorities for COVID-19 prevention and control; technological and geographical barriers for disseminating messages; the living conditions and lack of facilities; socio-cultural norms in understanding the COVID-19 health messages, and the gendered understanding of the messages. The findings also revealed that the awareness activities remained a one-way approach to inform the people and faced challenges to actively engage and create ownership of the community in the pandemic response.ConclusionThe study identified gaps in implementing risk communication and community engagement strategies in Bangladesh during the COVID-19 pandemic. Increasing focus on public health and prioritizing community ownership is essential to designing a more effective community awareness campaign. This approach will help ensure that health messages are communicated effectively and tailored to different communities’ needs.

HFO is the fuel that marine engines utilize the most frequently due to its cost-effectiveness and high energy density, but it releases many harmful pollutant emissions. With increasingly stringent regulations for marine vessels, exploring fuel optimization method for HFO to reduce pollutant emissions is essential. This study concerned the exploration of spray, combustion and emission characteristics of different polyol (ethylene glycol, glycerol, glucose) solution-HFO blends. Both CVCC spray model and marine engine combustion model were established and validated. This research indicated that introduce polyol resulted in increased evaporation mass and SPL, and reduced SMD for HFO. Polyol solution-HFO blends exhibited lower cylinder pressure, cylinder temperature and HRR compared with HFO yet were higher compared to W–HFO. In addition, polyol solution-HFO blends reduced NOX emissions, but increased HC and soot emissions compared to HFO. Conversely, increased NOx emissions and decreased HC and soot emissions for polyol solution-HFO blends compared to W–HFO. At 100 % load, NOX emissions of polyol solution-HFO blends were reduced by 1.89%–56.58 % compared with HFO, and the HC emissions and soot emissions decreased by 6.55%–50.61 % and 17.63%–60.16 % respectively, compared to W–HFO.

Waste from low-density polyethylene products after lifespan accounts for 70% of solid waste in most dumpsites, contributing to environmental impacts. Eggshell foul smells are a threat to human and animal health. Before this study, there was no research documentation on transforming both wastes into green composites for engineering applications. This work developed composites using recycled low-density polyethylene (RLDPE) and eggshell Nanoparticles. They were evaluated structurally and mechanically. Straining, which affirms an improvement in the load-bearing capacity of the RLDPE due to the incorporation of eggshell Nanoparticles, was established by the composite XRD peak broadness. Structural integrities of the composites were confirmed with SEM. Maximum tensile strength was noted at 10% eggshell Nanoparticle additions to the RLDPE, equal to a 68% increase. About 52 and 19% enhancements in respective flexural strength and hardness value with a 0.85% reduction in impact energy were noted at 12% eggshell Nanoparticle additions. The probability value, 0.0481

Abstract Background It has been shown that dialysate cooling (lowering the dialysate temperature to 0.5 °C below central body temperature) reduces the incidence of intradialytic hypotension. Other influences on hemodialysis patients, however, have not been adequately investigated. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of individualized dialysate cooling on nutritional and inflammatory parameters in chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients. Methods Seventy HD patients were separated into two groups: group A: (control group) standard dialysate temperature was 37 °C, and group B: (intervention group) dialysate temperature was 0.5 °C below core body temperature. In addition to routine laboratory tests, blood pressure, anthropometric measurements, inflammatory markers, and the malnutrition inflammation score (MIS) were calculated. Results After six months of dialysate cooling, intradialytic hypotension episodes were much less prevalent in the intervention group (p = 0.001). Serum ferritin, transferrin saturation (TSAT), high sensitive C-reactive protein (HS-CRP), and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) reduced following dialysate cooling, whereas serum albumin rose. In the control group, IL-6 dropped but serum ferritin, TSAT, albumin, and HS-CRP rose. In both groups, hemoglobin levels dropped, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) rose, both groups’ midarm muscle circumference and MIS worsened. Conclusion Cold dialysate decreased intradialytic hypotension with no significant improvement of the nutritional and inflammatory surrogates. However, more studies including larger number of patients with longer duration of follow up are required to adequately assess its effect on inflammation and nutrition in chronic hemodialysis patients.

Abstract The estrogen receptor (ER) designated ERα has actions in many cell and tissue types that impact glucose homeostasis. It is unknown if these include mechanisms in endothelial cells, which have the potential to influence relative obesity, and processes in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle that impact glucose control. Here we show that independent of impact on events in adipose tissue, endothelial ERα promotes glucose tolerance by enhancing endothelial insulin transport to skeletal muscle. Endothelial ERα-deficient male mice are glucose intolerant and insulin resistant, and in females the antidiabetogenic actions of estradiol (E2) are absent. The glucose dysregulation is due to impaired skeletal muscle glucose disposal that results from attenuated muscle insulin delivery. Endothelial ERα activation stimulates insulin transcytosis by skeletal muscle microvascular endothelial cells. Mechanistically this involves nuclear ERα-dependent upregulation of vesicular trafficking regulator sorting nexin 5 (SNX5) expression, and PI3 kinase activation that drives plasma membrane recruitment of SNX5. Thus, coupled nuclear and non-nuclear actions of ERα promote endothelial insulin transport to skeletal muscle to foster normal glucose homeostasis.

Background: The transversus abdominis plane [TAP] block is a recognized method for blocking the neural afferents of the abdominal wall. Various adjuvants have been employed to enhance the quality and duration of local anesthetics.Aim of the work: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of magnesium sulfate as an adjuvant to local anesthesia in ultrasound-guided TAP block for patients undergoing moderate-sized umbilical hernia repair under general anesthesia. The study will assess the postoperative pain and opioid consumption levels using the Visual Analogue Scale [VAS].Patients and Methods: This study included 60 patients who undergone surgical umbilical hernia repair. Patients have been randomly placed into two equal groups: Group I [M]: Ultrasound-guided Transversus abdominis plane block with Bupivacaine 0.25% [18 ml] [sunnybupivacaine] and 200 mg [2 ml] MgSO4, and Group II [S]: Ultrasound-guided Transversus abdominis plane block with Bupivacaine 0.25% 18 ml and [2 ml] normal saline.Results: There was a statistically significant decreased postoperative pain measured through VAS score all over the 24 hours postoperatively, and increased time of postoperative analgesia with less dose needed from analgesics in MgSO4 added to bupivacaine group compared to bupivacaine alone with p-value

Incorporating narrow band gap oxide semiconductors and metals into zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures broadens the range of light sensitivity to include visible wavelengths. In this study, the photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) dye was studied as a model for environmental pollution in aqueous media. This study describes the use of photodegradation catalysts, including gold (Au), ZnO, and Au–ZnO nanocomposites (prepared in ratios of 90:10 and 95:5) using the extract of Citrus medica leaves. X-ray diffraction (XRD) findings have shown that ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) have a hexagonal wurtzite structure. Field emission-scanning electron microscopy findings have depicted that ZnO NPs have diverse shapes, including spherical, quasi-spherical, hexagonal, and anisotropic, with some clumping. Au exhibits consistent spherical shapes and sizes with even distribution. Au–ZnO (90:10) shows quasi-spherical NPs with interconnected spherical Au, forming a porous and uneven surface. Au–ZnO (95:5) has spherical gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) dispersed on a textured ZnO surface, with some clustering and size variation as evident from the transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and diffuse reflectance UV-visible spectroscopy analysis. The characterization results have demonstrated the uniform distribution of Au across the ZnO lattice. Additionally, the XRD patterns confirmed the hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO. Furthermore, energy-dispersive analysis of X-ray (EDX)-mapping verified the inclusion of zinc, oxygen, and Au in the hybrid Au–ZnO nanocomposites and their effective distribution. The topological analysis revealed a rough surface for the generated nanostructures. By comparing the results of various techniques, EDX analysis using atomic and weight ratios confirmed the presence of oxygen and Au in the nanocomposite. Additionally, the surface area analysis (BET) test has reported that the adsorption and desorption of nitrogen follow a Type III isotherm. The presence of an H3-type hysteresis loop further confirms the mesoporous nature of the composites, which reports the presence of wedge-shaped pores. The Au–ZnO (90:10) nanocomposite exhibits a higher surface roughness compared to other composites. In addition, this UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy has enumerated the band gaps of various nanomaterials using UV-visible spectroscopy. Moreover, the analysis has unveiled that combining ZnO with Au NPs (doping) improved the photocatalytic performance of ZnO. This improvement is attributed to the formation of additional energy levels within the ZnO band gap due to the presence of Au ions. Experimental investigation of the breakdown of RhB dye under visible light irradiation revealed superior photocatalytic activity for the Au–ZnO (90:10) nanocomposite compared to both Au–ZnO (95:5) and pure ZnO and Au counterparts. Multiple experiments confirmed the effective photodegradation and removal of RhB dye from the aqueous medium using the nanocatalyst under visible light irradiation. Under optimal conditions (1.0 g·L−1 photocatalyst, 10 ppm RhB, and pH 10), 99% photodegradation efficiency was reached within 50 min of irradiation. Investigation of reactive species revealed that the increased effectiveness of photodegradation in Au–ZnO (90:10) stems from the presence of photogenerated holes and hydroxyl radicals. The study also analyzed the reaction kinetics and order, and the reusability of the best photocatalyst Au–ZnO (90:10)) was confirmed through five consecutive cycles, demonstrating its sustained effectiveness in photodegradation. These findings highlight the potential of Au–ZnO (90:10) nanocomposite as a promising material for photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes.

Many speaker language detection systems depend on deep learning (DL) approaches, and utilize long recorded audio periods to achieve satisfactory accuracy. This study aims to extract features from short recording audio files that are convenient in order to detect the spoken languages under test successfully. This detection process is based on audio files of (1 or 2) seconds whereas most of the previous languages Classification systems were based on much longer time frames (from 3 to 10 seconds). This research defined and implemented many low-level features using Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs), the dataset compiled by the researcher containing speech files in three languages (Arabic, English. Kurdish), which is called M2L_dataset is the source of data used in this paper.A Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) algorithm applied in this paper for detection speaker language and the result was perfect, binary language detection had a test accuracy of 100%, and three languages detection had a test accuracy of 99.19%.

This study was conducted during two successive seasons 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 to study the effect of some packing types on the storability and quality of saidy dates (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruits during the storage period. The post-harvest treatments were packed with perforated or non-perforated polyethylene layers and aluminum foil. The fruits were stored at cold condition 5±1°C with 85-90% RH. Samples of each treatment were randomly taken every two months for 8 months. The results showed that fruit weight loss %, fruit damage %, total soluble solids % and sugar contents were significantly increased with prolonging the storage period. On other hand, the advanced storage period induced a gradual decrease of fruit weight, flesh% and fruit dimensions. All packing with non-perforated either polyethylene or aluminum foil caused a decrease in fruit weight loss and fruit damage percentage as well as fruit weight, flesh% and fruit dimensions compared to use other packing types .Using non-perforated polyethylene result in the least fruit weight loss and fruit damage percentage compared to use other packing types. Using non-perforated polyethylene packing improved the fruit quality during the storage period compared to use perforated polyethylene or either perforated or non-perforated aluminum foil. It could be concluded that using Packing with non-perforated polyethylene maintained fruit freshness without negative effects of fruit quality parameters and seems to be the proper and an ideal packing types to prolong cold storage of saidy dates without great reduction in fruit quality.

Abstract Background Community Based Surveillance Volunteers (CBSVs) have been instrumental in the management of Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) but a concern that their services in scale up programmes may be affected due to high attrition rates has been widely acknowledged. We explored the roles and capacity needs of existing CBSVs to inform for a successful integrated NTD management programme in Ghana and similar contexts. Methods We conducted qualitative interviews with 50 CBSVs, 21 Community Nurses, 4 Disease control officers, 7 skin NTD researchers, 2 skin NTD patients and a Director of District Health Services in Central Ghana. Interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed and coded prior to translation and thematic analysis. Results The roles of CBSVs in NTD management were shown to have an impact on disease identification, surveillance, health seeking behaviours and status of CBSVs. Lack of motivation, inadequate structures for engagement of CBSVs within the health system and delayed management of reported cases were identified as gaps that hinder effective delivery of CBSV roles. Provision of incentives as recognition for the unpaid services rendered by CBSVs was seen as a major factor to reduce the rate of CBSV attrition in this scale up programme. Other factors included the formulation of policies by government to guide CBSV engagement, regular training of CBSV in NTD management as well as provision of resources and logistics. Conclusion Measures including continuous training, institution of rewards and incentivization are important for ensuring the sustainability of CBSVs in the provision of skin NTD services in Ghana.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder experienced by women of reproductive age and is marked by insulin resistance (IR) and menstrual cycle abnormalities. In this study, we set out to assess how the level of menstrual abnormalities relates to the degree of IR in women with PCOS. Methods: The participants in this study were 93 women diagnosed with PCOS and 100 controls with regular vaginal bleeding. Data was collected through blood samples, physical examinations, and medical histories. The primary outcome measures were body mass index (BMI), fasting glucose, fasting insulin, homeostatic model assessment for IR (HOMA-IR), and hormonal parameters. Results: Values for BMI and HOMA-IR were higher in PCOS cases than in controls [(28.6 ± 1.9 vs. 23.7 ± 2.3) and (2.29 ± 2.87 vs. 1.48 ± 1.02), respectively]. Oligomenorrhea was documented in 79.4% of women with PCOS, with the others experienced vaginal bleeding intervals under 45 days. The greater the menstrual irregularity, the higher the levels of luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone and testosterone. Among the PCOS group, those with vaginal bleeding intervals of above 90 days had a higher HOMA-IR values (2.46 ± 2.77), after adjustments for age and BMI, than the participants who went

Traditionally, regression problems are examined using univariate characteristics, including the scale function, marginal density, regression error, and regression function. When the correlation between the response and the predictor is reasonably straightforward, these qualities are helpful and instructive. Given the predictor, the response's conditional density provides more specific information regarding the relationship. This study aims to examine a nonparametric estimator of a scalar response variable's function of a density and mode, given a functional variable when the data are spatially dependent. The estimator is then derived and established by combining the local linear and the $ k $ nearest neighbors methods. Next, the suggested estimator's uniform consistency in the number of neighbors (UNN) is proved. Finally, to demonstrate the efficacy and superiority of the acquired results, we applied our new estimator to simulated and real data and compared it to the existing competing estimator.

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-COV2] is a serious infection nowadays. Infection is typically limited to the mucosal cells of the respiratory tract. At least 50% of infections are asymptomatic. Immunity is brief and reinfection occurs.Aim of the work: Live attenuated and sub-unit vaccines development against SARS-COV2Patients and Methods: This was a screening experimental study. In our study, we designed sub-unit vaccine [A] for coherent and conserved Spike[S] protein and other coherent and conserved structural and non-structural proteins of the virus using bio-informatics applications software. Also, we prepared live attenuated vaccine of SARS-COV2 [B].Results: Both vaccines [A and B] resulted in 97 and 96% efficacy, respectively during preclinical trials [animal testing] while showed 86 and 84% protection power during human clinical trials phases 1-2. They showed superior biological activity and fewer side effects than other standard vaccines such as Pfizer and Astrazenca vaccines. Their efficacy lasted from 2-3 months for vaccine A and 6-8 months for vaccine B.Conclusion: Both vaccines in our study were effective as prophylaxis against viral infection with SARS-COV2 and mutant forms of this virus. Booster doses are required to enhance immunity for both types of vaccines.

Background: Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men and the fourth most common cancer globally. The current study aimed to see how positive group psychotherapy affected self-differentiation in men with prostate cancer. Methods: The current study was an experimental type and was done by conducting a pre- and post-test. The statistical population of this study was all men with prostate cancer of Baghdad Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq (197 men) in 2020. Using simple random sampling, 50 patients with prostate cancer were selected as sample members. The subjects were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The Differentiation of Self Inventory-Revised (DSI-R) was used to collect data. Data were analyzed with multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) using SPSS software. Results: Comparing pre-test and post-test scores revealed a significant difference in the variable of self-differentiation between the experimental and control groups, so that all of its components, including mixing with other people (F = 38.117, P < 0.001), emotional reactivity (F = 56.483, P < 0.001), personal position (F = 39.540, P < 0.001), and emotional detachment (F = 43.329, P < 0.001) exhibited a significant difference. In other words, positive group psychology increased self-differentiation of patients with prostate cancer. Conclusion: Due to the high prevalence of prostate cancer in the world and Iraq, this treatment can be administered in the oncology and radiotherapy departments with a psychologist's assistance to expedite patients' recovery.

Background: Breast cancer is among the most prevalent forms of cancer in women. Today, it is known that variables such as self-compassion and life expectancy can improve and reduce the negative effects of this cancer. The current study aimed to compare self-compassion and life expectancy in women with and without breast cancer. Methods: The research was conducted using a descriptive-comparative approach. The statistical population included all women referred to specialized centers in Basra, Iraq, in 2020. Out of 1670 clients, 220 women with cancer (110 individuals) and healthy women (110 individuals) were sampled using the convenient sampling method and responded to the questionnaires. The Neff Self-Compassion Scale and Snyder Life Expectancy Questionnaire were used in the present study. The descriptive branches of frequency, mean, and standard deviation (SD), as well as statistical tests and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to analyze the data with SPSS software. Results: The mean ± SD of life expectancy of the healthy group was greater than that of the patients with cancer (P < 0.01). Patients with cancer (64.18 ± 5.48) and healthy people (62.49 ± 5.07) scored similarly on the Self-Compassion Scale. While there was no significant difference in the self-compassion variable, there were no differences between the two groups (P > 0.01). Besides, the cancer group had a lower life expectancy (13.62 ± 3.74) and the healthy group had a higher life expectancy (25.73 ± 4.34) (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Women with breast cancer have the same level of self-compassion as healthy women, but their life expectancy is lower.

Background: Breast cancer is the most emotionally and psychologically affecting cancer among women, causing the patient to experience profound emotional and psychological difficulties. The present study aimed to examine the effectiveness of semantic therapy on death anxiety, pain catastrophizing, chronic pain acceptance, and pain intensity in patients with breast cancer. Methods: The current study was a quasi-experimental research with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up and a control group. All patients with breast cancer referred to King Fahad General Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, in 2019, comprised this study's statistical population of 218 individuals. Simple random sampling was used to select the statistical sample. Thus, 60 individuals were selected and divided into two groups. The experimental group was administered the intervention via semantic therapy. Two months after the post-test, the groups underwent a follow-up examination. The repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed using SPSS software. Results: Semantic therapy positively affected dependent variables, including death anxiety (F = 52.067, P < 0.001), pain catastrophizing (F = 124.569, P < 0.001), chronic pain acceptance (F = 46.034, P < 0.001), and pain intensity (F = 156.413, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Semantic therapy decreases death anxiety, pain catastrophizing, and pain intensity, while increasing chronic pain acceptance.

Abstract Background Seizures are common neurological emergencies in the elderly that are frequently provoked. Geriatrics have higher rates of neurological disorders and other comorbidities that could affect seizure threshold. Case presentation An 83-year-old male Arabic patient presented to the emergency department with an acute confusional state and urinary incontinence followed by a witnessed tonic–clonic seizure in the hospital. Thorough investigations and imaging were positive only for nonspecific magnetic resonant imaging findings with a negative electroencephalogram. The patient was diagnosed with provoked seizure due to over-the-counter cold medications that included pseudoephedrine and caffeine. He was not prescribed antiepileptic medications at discharge and did not develop subsequent seizures up to this date. Conclusion Over-the-counter cough and cold medications with sympathomimetic ingredients can be associated with provoked seizures in the elderly. Physicians should be aware of the potentially serious adverse events associated with commonly used nonprescription sympathomimetics such as pseudoephedrine and caffeine in elderly patients.

In this paper, we consider a new method dealing with the problem of estimating the scoring function $ \gamma_a $, with a constant $ a $, in functional space and an unknown scale parameter under a nonparametric robust regression model. Based on the $ k $ Nearest Neighbors ($ k $NN) method, the primary objective is to prove the asymptotic normality aspect in the case of a stationary ergodic process of this estimator. We begin by establishing the almost certain convergence of a conditional distribution estimator. Then, we derive the almost certain convergence (with rate) of the conditional median (scale parameter estimator) and the asymptotic normality of the robust regression function, even when the scale parameter is unknown. Finally, the simulation and real-world data results reveal the consistency and superiority of our theoretical analysis in which the performance of the $ k $NN estimator is comparable to that of the well-known kernel estimator, and it outperforms a nonparametric series (spline) estimator when there are irrelevant regressors.