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The ECUs in a vehicle network need a reliable and safe interconnection between each other. This is especially valid for new functionality, e.g. for systems like drive-by-wire. Current published standards like the software standard AUTOSAR or the functional safety standard ISO26262 ease and enable the development of safe interconnections. Furthermore, to enable fast innovation cycles, an incremental adaptation and development process is necessary. The combination of the development of new functionality, the introduction of new standards, and the reuse of existing solutions is a big challenge for the development of the vehicle E/E network. This paper presents approaches to handle these challenges. For that, a classification of communication related errors is introduced. Solutions are given with the help of error detection mechanisms and means to adapt the safe communication concepts from AUTOSAR release 4.0 to an existing solution based on a former release.

Part 1: Long and Short Papers; International audience; Integrating models as essential elements into the software development process is supported by numerous methods and tools but the creation of such models still bears a considerable challenge. This paper proposes a structured modeling of tasks and activities during the requirements analysis in order to pave the way for the very early utilization of models. A tool implementation demonstrates the elaboration of models based on scenarios.

Since many years, 3D interactive systems have demonstrated some benefits in reproducing adequately the reality, in improving it, and even in augmenting it by providing the user with unprecedented actions. 3D User Interfaces (UIs) are becoming the primary subject of interest of a growing community of researchers and developers adopting different approaches for specifying and creating 3DUIs. Providing development methods and software support for 3DUIs is a complex problem. In this thesis, we argue that developing 3DUIs for Information Systems is an activity that would benefit from the application of a model-driven development methodology composed of: a set of models defined according to an ontology, a language that expresses these models, and a structured method manipulating these models. The model-driven engineering approach enables structuring the development life cycle of a 3DUI of an Information System in a principle-based way. (IAG 3) -- UCL, 2010

This paper will present how it is possible to federate the usage of the design tools around a framework based on an Eclipse Front-End to describe, simulate and test real time embedded systems enabling users to deeply explore their E/E designs.

The Architecture Analysis & Design Language, (AADL), Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), AS5506, was developed to support quantitative analysis of the runtime architecture of the embedded software system in computer systems with multiple critical operational properties, such as responsiveness, safety-criticality, security, and reliability by allowing a model of the system to be annotated with information relevant to each of these quality concerns and AADL to be extended with analysis-specific properties. It supports modelling of the embedded software runtime architecture, the computer system hardware, and the interface to the physical environment of embedded computer systems and system of systems. It was designed to support a full Model Based Engineering lifecycle including system specification, analysis, system tuning, integration, and upgrade by supporting modelling and analysis at multiple levels of fidelity. A system can be automatically integrated from AADL models when fully specified and when source code is provided for the software components.

Im Software Engineering werden heutzutage verstärkt modellbasierte Entwicklungsansätze eingesetzt, in denen konzeptuelle Modelle mit präzise definierter Semantik für die Beschreibung von Software-Systemen verwendet werden. Durch die Beschränkung auf wesentliche Merkmale und die Möglichkeit die Struktur der Modelle und Modelloperationen in geeigneter Weise zu beschränken tragen diese Ansätze maßgeblich zur Steigerung der Effizienz des Entwicklungsprozesses und der Qualität der erstellten Software-Produkte bei. Die Bearbeitung konzeptueller Modelle erfolgt in der Regel durch geeignete Beschreibungstechniken, anhand derer sich Sichten auf ein konzeptuelles Modell bilden lassen. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit werden Techniken erarbeitet, mit denen sich Beschreibungstechniken durch Transformationen ihrer abstrakten Syntax in ein einheitliches konzeptuelles Modell integrieren lassen. Oftmals werden im Verlauf eines Software-Entwicklungsprozesses konzeptuelle Modelle eines Systems auf verschiedenen Abstraktionsebenen erstellt, die im Idealfall in Teilen durch automatisierte Verfeinerungsabbildungen auseinander hervorgehen. Hierzu werden Verfahren entwickelt, die eine konsistente Verfeinerung und Erweiterung konzeptueller Modelle ermöglichen. Ein klar definierter Entwicklungsprozess bietet Entwicklern zudem die nötige Hilfestellung bei der Spezifikation und Erstellung eines Software-Systems. Zu diesem Zweck wird ein Framework für die Definition flexibler Entwicklungsprozesse geschaffen, in dem Entwicklungsschritte als Transformationen eines Modells der im Entwicklungsprozess erstellten Artefakte definiert werden. Die Beschaffenheit korrekter Modelle wird durch Metamodelle definiert. Bedingt durch ihre einfache Abbildbarkeit auf eine Werkzeugunterstützung sind im Software Engineering vor allem objektorientierte Metamodelle weit verbreitet. Um die erarbeiteten Konzepte zur modellbasierten Entwicklung umsetzen zu können, wird die "Bidirectional Object-Oriented Transformation Language" (BOTL) als geeigneter Mechanismus für die Transformation objektorientierter Modelle entwickelt. Die Sprache verfügt über eine formale Semantik und bietet eine Reihe von Verifikationstechniken zum Nachweis der Ausführbarkeit von Transformationsspezifikationen und der syntaktischen Korrektheit der erzeugten Modelle. Der Einsatz von BOTL für die Realisierung eines modellbasierten Entwicklungsansatzes wird dargestellt und ihre Verwendung für die Umsetzung der verschiedenen Techniken exemplarisch anhand der KOGITO-Methodik für das Requirements Engineering demonstriert. Die Realisierbarkeit der erarbeiteten Ansätze zur Modelltransformation in der Praxis wird anhand eines im Rahmen der Arbeit entstandenen Werkzeuges belegt. Das Werkzeug erlaubt die graphische Spezifikation von BOTL-Transformationen und deren automatisierte Verifikation. Eine Transformationskomponente ist schließlich in der Lage objektorientierte Modelle in unterschiedlichen Darstellungen, wie Java-Objektgeflechte oder XMI, gemäß einer BOTL-Spezifikation zu transformieren. Today in software engineering model based development approaches are applied more and more. Within these approaches conceptual models with precisely defined semantics are used for the description of software systems. By the restriction of models to the essential characteristics of systems and the possibility to restrict the structure of models and model operations in a suitable manner, these approaches contribute essentially to the efficiency of the development process and to the quality of the created software products. The manipulation of conceptual models usually takes place through suitable description techniques which allows one to build views onto a conceptual model. Techniques are developed within this thesis that allow one to integrate description techniques into a common conceptual model by transformations of the description techniques’ abstract syntaxes. Conceptual models are often created at different levels of abstraction during a software development process. Ideally more concrete models can be derived (partially) automatically by refinement mappings. Therefore methods are developed that allow a consistent refinement and extension of conceptual models. Further, an unambigeously defined development process offers developers the needed assistance for the specification and the creation of a software system. Therefore a framework for the definition of flexible development processes is built which defines development steps as transformations of the model of artifacts created during the development process. The structure of correct models is defined by metamodels. Since object-oriented metamodels can be mapped very easily to a tool support, these kinds of metamodels are very widespread in software engineering. In order to be able to implement the presented concepts on model driven development processes the "Bidirectional Object-Oriented Transformation Language" (BOTL) is introduced as a mechanism for the transformation of object-oriented models. The Language comprises formal semantics and offers a number of verification techniques that allow to verify whether a transformation specification is executable and whether it will create syntactically correct models or not. The use of BOTL for the realization of a model based development approach is presented and the application of the different techniques is shown exemplary on the basis of the requirements engineering methodology KOGITO. The viability of the presented approaches for model transformations is verified by a tool support that was developed within this thesis. The tool allows the graphical specification of BOTL transformations and their automated verification. Ultimately a transformation component is able to transform object oriented models of different technical formats like Java object structures or XMI according to a BOTL specification.

The development of advanced embedded systems requires a systematic approach as well as advanced tool support in dealing with their increasing complexity. This complexity is due to the increasing functionality that is implemented in embedded systems and stringent (and conflicting) requirements placed upon such systems from various stakeholders. The corresponding system development involves several specialists employing different modeling languages and tools. Integrating their work and the results thereof then becomes a challenge. In order to facilitate system architecting and design integration of different models, an approach that provides dedicated workspaces/views supported by structured information management and information exchange between domain models and tools is required. This work is delimited to the context of embedded systems design and taking a model based approach. The goal of the work is to study possible technical solutions for integrating different models and tools, and to develop knowledge, support methods and a prototype tool platform. To this end, this thesis examines a number of approaches that focus on the integration of multiple models and tools. Selected approaches are compared and characterized, and the basic mechanisms for integration are identified. Several scenarios are identified and further investigated in case studies. Two case studies have been performed with model transformations as focus. In the first one, integration of Matlab/Simulink® and UML2 are discussed with respect to the motivations, technical possibilities, and challenges. A preliminary mapping strategy, connecting a subset of concepts and constructs of Matlab/Simulink® and UML2, is presented together with a prototype implementation in the Eclipse environment. The second case study aims to enable safety analysis based on system design models in a UML description. A safety analysis tool, HiP-HOPS (Hierarchically Performed Hazard Origin and Propagation Studies), is partially integrated with a UML tool where an EAST-ADL2 based architecture model is developed. The experience and lessons learned from the experiments are reported in this thesis. Multiple specific views are involved in the development of embedded systems. This thesis has studied the integration between system architecture design, function development and safety analysis through using UML tools, Matlab/Simulink, and HiP-HOPS. The results indicate that model transformations provide a feasible and promising solution for integrating multiple models and tools. The contributions are believed to be valid for a large class of advanced embedded systems. However, the developed transformations so far are not really scalable. A systematic approach for efficient development of model transformations is desired to standardize the design process and reuse developed transformations. To this end, future studies will be carried out to develop guidelines for model and tool integration and to provide support for structured information at both meta level and instance level. QC 20101116

The Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Architecture Analysis & Design Language, AS5506, provides a means for the formal specification of the hardware and software architecture of embedded computer systems and system of systems. It was designed to support a full Model Based Development lifecycle including system specification, analysis, system tuning, integration, and upgrade over the lifecycle. It was designed to support the integration of multiple forms of analyses and to be extensible in a standard way for additional analysis approaches. A system can be automatically integrated from AADL models when fully specified and when source code is provided for the software components. Analysis of large complex systems has been demonstrated in the avionics domain.

For the future of urban mobility, further developments in the fields of automation, communication and energy storage technologies will enable the expansion of traffic space into the air. Various concepts and scenarios of urban air mobility (UAM) are already part of current research. In addition to the investigation of relevant physical effects and system-internal constraints, a view including the external relationships and general conditions is essential for the design, acceptance and success of the UAM systems. Several projects (i-LUM, ULTRAS, UDVeo, LUV, Vertiport) with the participation of various Hamburg research institutions bundle a multitude of competences to develop UAM scenarios for the Hamburg metropolitan region and other regions. UAM scenarios are evaluated i.a. in terms of time, cost, noise, energy consumption, acceptance and the ease of integration. The evaluation considers societal interactions, legal frameworks, demand modeling, concept development, ground-based infrastructure, airspace organization and operation, as well as overall system modeling. This paper gives an overview about the disciplinary and methodical approach and setup of these UAM projects.