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Background : The regenerative efficacy of platelet-derived products has been recently investigated in the treatment of pelvic floor disorders (PFDs). We aimed to synthesize the current evidence of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) products used in urogynaecological disorders including vaginal atrophy, pelvic organ prolapse (POP), urinary incontinence, vaginal fistulas and vaginal mesh exposure. Methods : A meticulous search of the currently available literature on the use of PRP for the management of PFDs was performed using 3 electronic databases. Results : PRP could be a feasible alternative modality for the management of vaginal atrophy with favourable outcomes in vaginal atrophy parameters and patients' satisfaction, especially when hormone therapy is contraindicated. In patients with POP, an increase in collagen concentration after PRP application was observed while the use of PRP resulted in improvement of stress urinary incontinence symptoms. A considerable proportion of vesicovaginal fistulas were treated after application of PRP-based injections. Conclusions : There is only limited evidence of the use of PRP for PFDs. Platelet-rich plasma appears to be a promising, easy to apply, cost-effective and feasible alternative therapeutic modality for the management of various urogynaecological disorders. Future randomized trials are needed to confirm the efficacy of PRP in the treatment of urogynaecological disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research was to evaluate how menstrual tracking applications can promote gynaecological health. We performed a systematic review in Medline and Scopus, for papers evaluating menstrual tracking mobile applications. We excluded review articles and those not written in English. We identified 14 articles measuring the outcome resulting from the use of a single Fertility Tracking Application (FTA). Eight studies evaluated 2 different applications used as a contraception method. One study assessed a fecundity enhancing application. Five studies referred to applications, used to treat or monitor various gynaecologic issues. All studies reported efficacy for their intended use or a high satisfaction rate. There is a plethora of FTAs, however a minority of them are appraised by medical experts. Several safety and privacy concerns have been expressed regarding their use and these issues should be addressed in the future. All studies identified in our search demonstrated that FTAs can facilitate users in terms of contraception, fertility, and menstrual awareness. Menstrual tracking applications can serve as a valuable health tool, nevertheless, their content should be more vigorously evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background A cross sectional study to investigate HPV prevalence according to age and cytology. Methods Women presenting to a gynaecological outpatient clinic for a Pap smear test were included in the study (n=3177). All women had cervical cytology and HPV testing. Results Overall prevalence of any 24 HPV type analysed was 33.1% (95% CI 31.5% to 34.7%) and HPV 16 and HPV 42 were the most frequent (6.7% (95% CI 5.8% to 7.6%), 6.8% (95% CI 5.9% to 7.6%)), in total samples. Multiple HPV infection rate was 12.9% (95% CI 11.8% to 14.1%). High risk HPV (hrHPV) types were present in 27.4% (95% CI 25.8% to 28.9%) of the samples. HPV prevalence was highest among 14 to 19 y.o (46.6% (95% CI 40.7%-52.4%)) and second highest among 30–34 y.o. (39.7%, 95% CI 35.4%–44%). HPV 16 was highest among 20–24 (9.0% (95% CI 6.4%–11.6%)) and second highest among 50 to 54 y.o. (6.3% (95% CI 2.9% to 9.8%). In Low-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions (LgSIL) cytology samples, the most frequently detected hrHPV types were: 16 (14.5% (95% CI 12.1% to 16.9%)), 51 (13.0% (95% CI 10.7% to 15.3%)) and 53 (9.1% (95% CI 7.2% to 11.1%)) and in High-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions (HgSIL) were: HPV 16 (37.2% (95% CI 26.5% to 47.9%)), HPV 51 (17.9% (95% CI 9.4% to 26.5%)) and HPV 18 (12.8% (95% CI 5.4% to 20.2%)). Conclusions In the population studied, HPV 16 and 51 were the most frequent detected hrHPV types. HPV positivity, hrHPV and multiple HPV types infections were higher in young women, while HPV prevalence declined with increasing age and presented two peaks a higher (14–19 y.o.) and a lower one (30–34 y.o.) These results may contribute to the creation of a national screening programme.

Labial fusion in adolescence is uncommon and is usually secondary to other skin disorders or trauma of the vulvar area. In a five-year period, we treated five patients with labial fusion in our facility with a mean age of 16.4 years. Based on clinical presentation and biopsy of the vulvar skin, lichen sclerosus (LS) was the causative factor. Four out of five had urinary problems and one suffered from an inflamed inclusion cyst. All of them had a long history of pruritus. In all cases, blunt separation of the labia minora under general anaesthesia was performed, followed by local application of a potent glucocorticoid cream and an emollient agent. One patient received additionally oral and local antibiotics. One recurrence was noted, which resolved after re-separation and more meticulous treatment. Early identification and treatment of LS are crucial to prevent distortion of the vulvar anatomy.Impact StatementWhat is already known on this subject? Labial fusion is an uncommon problem in adolescence and an underlying cause should always be investigated. Lichen sclerosus typically affects the anogenital area and can lead to fusion of the labia minora.What do the results of this study add? Urinary symptoms may be the presenting feature of LS in adolescents.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Delay in diagnosis and appropriate treatment can result in irreversible changes to the vulva. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]