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67. Testing System for Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Micro-Actuators.

Author

Gdoutos, E. E., Ganor, Y., Shilo, D., Messier, J., Shield, T. W., and James, R. D.

Abstract

Materials that alter their physical properties in response to environmental changes are classified as active materials. These materials are commonly applied as actuation devices in micro-electro mechanical systems. Many of these systems require an application of large strokes by a small component, which means large actuation strains. However, existing active materials are either limited to very small strains, as piezoelectric and magnetostrictive materials, or to a slow response, as shape memory alloys. Therefore, materials that can provide significantly increased strain levels and fast response times are of great interest. The concept of combining properties of ferromagnetism with those of reversible martensitic transformation led to a new class of active materials known as ferromagnetic shape-memory (FSM) alloys (James and Wuttig [1]). It was theorized that a mobile microstructure of martensite could be rearranged by applying a magnetic field, and reset by applying a stress or a field in a different direction. FMS alloys combine the large strain capability of ordinary shape memory alloys with the quick actuation possible using magnetic fields (Shield [2]). FSM alloys are therefore very promising for actuation applications at both large and small scales, and embody a new mechanism for converting electromagnetic to mechanical energy. However, to date, micro FSM alloy devices are not yet available in spite of their great potential in aerospace and medical instruments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2007
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72. Impact of Parkinson's disease and dopaminergic medication on adaptation to explicit and implicit visuomotor perturbations.

Author

Mongeon D, Blanchet P, and Messier J

Abstract

The capacity to learn new visuomotor associations is fundamental to adaptive motor behavior. Evidence suggests visuomotor learning deficits in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the exact nature of these deficits and the ability of dopamine medication to improve them are under-explored. Previous studies suggested that learning driven by large and small movement errors engaged distinct neural mechanisms. Here, we investigated whether PD patients have a generalized impairment in visuomotor learning or selective deficits in learning from large explicit errors which engages cognitive strategies or small imperceptible movement errors involving primarily implicit learning processes. Visuomotor learning skills of non-medicated and medicated patients were assessed in two reaching tasks in which the size of visuospatial errors experienced during learning was manipulated using a novel three-dimensional virtual reality environment. In the explicit perturbation task, the visuomotor perturbation was applied suddenly resulting in large consciously detected initial spatial errors, whereas in the implicit perturbation task, the perturbation was gradually introduced in small undetectable steps such that subjects never experienced large movement errors. A major finding of this study was that PD patients in non-medicated and medicated conditions displayed slower learning rates and smaller adaptation magnitudes than healthy subjects in the explicit perturbation task, but performance similar to healthy controls in the implicit perturbation task. Also, non-medicated patients showed an average reduced deadaptation relative to healthy controls when exposed to the large errors produced by the sudden removal of the perturbation in both the explicit and implicit perturbation tasks. Although dopaminergic medication consistently improved motor signs, it produced a variable impact on learning the explicit perturbation and deadaptation and unexpectedly worsened performance in some patients. Considered together, these results indicate that PD selectively impairs the ability to learn from large consciously detected visuospatial errors. This finding suggests that basal ganglia-related circuits are important neural structures for adaptation to sudden perturbations requiring awareness and high-cost action selection. Dopaminergic treatment may selectively compromise the ability to learn from large explicit movement errors for reasons that remain to be elucidated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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73. The global spectrum of plant form and function: enhanced species-level trait dataset

Author

Sandra Díaz, Jens Kattge, Johannes H. C. Cornelissen, Ian J. Wright, Sandra Lavorel, Stéphane Dray, Björn Reu, Michael Kleyer, Christian Wirth, I. Colin Prentice, Eric Garnier, Gerhard Bönisch, Mark Westoby, Hendrik Poorter, Peter B. Reich, Angela T. Moles, John Dickie, Amy E. Zanne, Jérôme Chave, S. Joseph Wright, Serge N. Sheremetiev, Hervé Jactel, Christopher Baraloto, Bruno E. L. Cerabolini, Simon Pierce, Bill Shipley, Fernando Casanoves, Julia S. Joswig, Angela Günther, Valeria Falczuk, Nadja Rüger, Miguel D. Mahecha, Lucas D. Gorné, Bernard Amiaud, Owen K. Atkin, Michael Bahn, Dennis Baldocchi, Michael Beckmann, Benjamin Blonder, William Bond, Ben Bond-Lamberty, Kerry Brown, Sabina Burrascano, Chaeho Byun, Giandiego Campetella, Jeannine Cavender-Bares, F. Stuart Chapin, Brendan Choat, David Anthony Coomes, William K. Cornwell, Joseph Craine, Dylan Craven, Matteo Dainese, Alessandro Carioca de Araujo, Franciska T. de Vries, Tomas Ferreira Domingues, Brian J. Enquist, Jaime Fagúndez, Jingyun Fang, Fernando Fernández-Méndez, Maria T. Fernandez-Piedade, Henry Ford, Estelle Forey, Gregoire T. Freschet, Sophie Gachet, Rachael Gallagher, Walton Green, Greg R. Guerin, Alvaro G. Gutiérrez, Sandy P. Harrison, Wesley Neil Hattingh, Tianhua He, Thomas Hickler, Steven I. Higgins, Pedro Higuchi, Jugo Ilic, Robert B. Jackson, Adel Jalili, Steven Jansen, Fumito Koike, Christian König, Nathan Kraft, Koen Kramer, Holger Kreft, Ingolf Kühn, Hiroko Kurokawa, Eric G. Lamb, Daniel C. Laughlin, Michelle Leishman, Simon Lewis, Frédérique Louault, Ana C. M. Malhado, Peter Manning, Patrick Meir, Maurizio Mencuccini, Julie Messier, Regis Miller, Vanessa Minden, Jane Molofsky, Rebecca Montgomery, Gabriel Montserrat-Martí, Marco Moretti, Sandra Müller, Ülo Niinemets, Romà Ogaya, Kinga Öllerer, Vladimir Onipchenko, Yusuke Onoda, Wim A. Ozinga, Juli G. Pausas, Begoña Peco, Josep Penuelas, Valério D. Pillar, Clara Pladevall, Christine Römermann, Lawren Sack, Norma Salinas, Brody Sandel, Jordi Sardans, Brandon Schamp, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Ernst-Detlef Schulze, Fritz Schweingruber, Satomi Shiodera, Ênio Sosinski, Nadejda Soudzilovskaia, Marko J. Spasojevic, Emily Swaine, Nathan Swenson, Susanne Tautenhahn, Ken Thompson, Alexia Totte, Rocío Urrutia-Jalabert, Fernando Valladares, Peter van Bodegom, François Vasseur, Kris Verheyen, Denis Vile, Cyrille Violle, Betsy von Holle, Patrick Weigelt, Evan Weiher, Michael C. Wiemann, Mathew Williams, Justin Wright, Gerhard Zotz, Biology, General Botany and Nature Management, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal [Córdoba] (IMBIV), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales [Córdoba], Universidad Nacional de Córdoba [Argentina]-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba [Argentina], Universidad Nacional de Córdoba [Argentina], Ecologie quantitative et évolutive des communautés, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Etude et Compréhension de la biodiversité (ECODIV), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), TRY initiative on plant traits (https://www.try-db.org).TRY is an initiative of the Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, bioDISCOVERY/Future Earth (ICSU), the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig and Nucleo DiverSus (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Argentina)., The Global Spectrum of Plant Form and Function study has been supported by the European BACI project (Towards a Biosphere Atmosphere change Index, EU grant ID 640176), FONCyT, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research, and The Newton Fund (NERC UK -CONICET ARG), Díaz, Sandra [0000-0003-0012-4612], Kattge, Jens [0000-0002-1022-8469], Wright, Ian J [0000-0001-8338-9143], Lavorel, Sandra [0000-0002-7300-2811], Dray, Stéphane [0000-0003-0153-1105], Wirth, Christian [0000-0003-2604-8056], Garnier, Eric [0000-0002-9392-5154], Westoby, Mark [0000-0001-7690-4530], Reich, Peter B [0000-0003-4424-662X], Moles, Angela T [0000-0003-2041-7762], Zanne, Amy E [0000-0001-6379-9452], Chave, Jérôme [0000-0002-7766-1347], Wright, S Joseph [0000-0003-4260-5676], Sheremetiev, Serge N [0000-0002-0318-6766], Baraloto, Christopher [0000-0001-7322-8581], Cerabolini, Bruno EL [0000-0002-3793-0733], Casanoves, Fernando [0000-0001-8765-9382], Joswig, Julia S [0000-0002-7786-1728], Mahecha, Miguel D [0000-0003-3031-613X], Atkin, Owen K [0000-0003-1041-5202], Bahn, Michael [0000-0001-7482-9776], Bond, William [0000-0002-3441-2084], Bond-Lamberty, Ben [0000-0001-9525-4633], Byun, Chaeho [0000-0003-3209-3275], Campetella, Giandiego [0000-0001-6126-522X], Cavender-Bares, Jeannine [0000-0003-3375-9630], Chapin, F Stuart [0000-0002-2558-9910], Choat, Brendan [0000-0002-9105-640X], Coomes, David Anthony [0000-0002-8261-2582], Cornwell, William K [0000-0003-4080-4073], Craine, Joseph [0000-0001-6561-3244], Craven, Dylan [0000-0003-3940-833X], Dainese, Matteo [0000-0001-7052-5572], Domingues, Tomas Ferreira [0000-0003-2857-9838], Enquist, Brian J [0000-0002-6124-7096], Gallagher, Rachael [0000-0002-4680-8115], Harrison, Sandy P [0000-0001-5687-1903], Hattingh, Wesley Neil [0000-0002-3626-5137], He, Tianhua [0000-0002-0924-3637], Higuchi, Pedro [0000-0002-3855-555X], Jackson, Robert B [0000-0001-8846-7147], Jansen, Steven [0000-0002-4476-5334], Kreft, Holger [0000-0003-4471-8236], Kühn, Ingolf [0000-0003-1691-8249], Kurokawa, Hiroko [0000-0001-8778-8045], Laughlin, Daniel C [0000-0002-9651-5732], Manning, Peter [0000-0002-7940-2023], Mencuccini, Maurizio [0000-0003-0840-1477], Müller, Sandra [0000-0003-4289-755X], Pausas, Juli G [0000-0003-3533-5786], Penuelas, Josep [0000-0002-7215-0150], Pillar, Valério D [0000-0001-6408-2891], Sack, Lawren [0000-0002-7009-7202], Salinas, Norma [0000-0001-9941-2109], Sardans, Jordi [0000-0003-2478-0219], Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael [0000-0001-9566-590X], Sosinski, Ênio [0000-0001-6310-9474], Spasojevic, Marko J [0000-0003-1808-0048], Weigelt, Patrick [0000-0002-2485-3708], Williams, Mathew [0000-0001-6117-5208], Zotz, Gerhard [0000-0002-6823-2268], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Diaz, S, Kattge, J, Cornelissen, JHC, Wright, IJ, Lavorel, S, Dray, S, Reu, B, Kleyer, M, Wirth, C, Prentice, IC, Garnier, E, Bonisch, G, Westoby, M, Poorter, H, Reich, PB, Moles, AT, Dickie, J, Zanne, AE, Chave, J, Wright, SJ, Sheremetiev, SN, Jactel, H, Baraloto, C, Cerabolini, BEL, Pierce, S, Shipley, B, Casanoves, F, Joswig, JS, Gunther, A, Falczuk, V, Ruger, N, Mahecha, MD, Gorne, LD, Amiaud, B, Atkin, OK, Bahn, M, Baldocchi, D, Beckmann, M, Blonder, B, Bond, W, Bond-Lamberty, B, Brown, K, Burrascano, S, Byun, C, Campetella, G, Cavender-Bares, J, Chapin, FS, Choat, B, Coomes, DA, Cornwell, WK, Craine, J, Craven, D, Dainese, M, de Araujo, AC, de Vries, FT, Domingues, TF, Enquist, BJ, Fagundez, J, Fang, J, Fernandez-Mendez, F, Fernandez-Piedade, MT, Ford, H, Forey, E, Freschet, GT, Gachet, S, Gallagher, R, Green, W, Guerin, GR, Gutierrez, AG, Harrison, SP, Hattingh, WN, He, T, Hickler, T, Higgins, SI, Higuchi, P, Ilic, J, Jackson, RB, Jalili, A, Jansen, S, Koike, F, Konig, C, Kraft, N, Kramer, K, Kreft, H, Kuhn, I, Kurokawa, H, Lamb, EG, Laughlin, DC, Leishman, M, Lewis, S, Louault, F, Malhado, ACM, Manning, P, Meir, P, Mencuccini, M, Messier, J, Miller, R, Minden, V, Molofsky, J, Montgomery, R, Montserrat-Marti, G, Moretti, M., Muller, S, Niinemets, U, Ogaya, R, Ollerer, K, Onipchenko, V, Onoda, Y, Ozinga, WA, Pausas, JG, Peco, B, Penuelas, J, Pillar, VD, Pladevall, C, Romermann, C, Sack, L, Salinas, N, Sandel, B, Sardans, J, Schamp, B, Scherer-Lorenzen, M, Schulze, ED, Schweingruber, F, Shiodera, S, Sosinski, E, SOUDZILOVSKAIA, Nadia, Spasojevic, MJ, Swaine, E, Swenson, N, Tautenhahn, S, Thompson, K, Totte, A, Urrutia-Jalabert, R, Valladares, F, van Bodegom, P, Vasseur, F, Verheyen, K, Vile, D, Violle, C, von Holle, B, Weigelt, P, Weiher, E, Wiemann, MC, Williams, M, Wright, J, Zotz, G, and Systems Ecology

Subjects
Statistics and Probability, Data Descriptor, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Library and Information Sciences, Education, SIZE-REDUCTION, QUERCUS-ILEX, WIDE-RANGE, Life Science, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Macroecology, Vegetatie, Vegetation, ENVIRONMENT RELATIONSHIPS, 3103 Ecology, Biology and Life Sciences, Biodiversity, 3108 Plant Biology, Computer Science Applications, Biogeography, 631/158/852, FOLIAR NITROGEN ISOTOPES, 631/158/851, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, LEAF ECONOMICS SPECTRUM, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, data-descriptor, ELEVATED CO2, WOODY-PLANTS, PHOTOSYNTHETIC CAPACITY, 631/158/670, RELATIVE GROWTH-RATE, Information Systems, 31 Biological Sciences
Abstract

[Abstract] Here we provide the ‘Global Spectrum of Plant Form and Function Dataset’, containing species mean values for six vascular plant traits. Together, these traits –plant height, stem specific density, leaf area, leaf mass per area, leaf nitrogen content per dry mass, and diaspore (seed or spore) mass – define the primary axes of variation in plant form and function. The dataset is based on ca. 1 million trait records received via the TRY database (representing ca. 2,500 original publications) and additional unpublished data. It provides 92,159 species mean values for the six traits, covering 46,047 species. The data are complemented by higher-level taxonomic classification and six categorical traits (woodiness, growth form, succulence, adaptation to terrestrial or aquatic habitats, nutrition type and leaf type). Data quality management is based on a probabilistic approach combined with comprehensive validation against expert knowledge and external information. Intense data acquisition and thorough quality control produced the largest and, to our knowledge, most accurate compilation of empirically observed vascular plant species mean traits to date. The study has been supported by the TRY initiative on plant traits (https://www.try-db.org). TRY is an initiative of the Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, bioDISCOVERY/Future Earth (ICSU), the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig and Núcleo DiverSus (CONICET- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina). The Global Spectrum of Plant Form and Function study has been supported by the European BACI project (Towards a Biosphere Atmosphere change Index, EU grant ID 640176), and grants to SD by FONCyT, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research, and The Newton Fund (NERC UK – CONICET ARG). VO thanks RSF (#19-14-00038p). Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL

Published
2022

79. Poled Epoxy Polymers for Optoelectronics

Author

Swalen, J. D., Bjorklund, G. C., Fleming, W., Herminghaus, S., Jungbauer, D., Jurich, M., Moerner, W. E., Reck, B., Smith, B. A., Twieg, R., Willson, C. G., Zentel, R., Messier, J., editor, Kajzar, F., editor, and Prasad, P., editor

Published
1991
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