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Background Cell surface glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) participate in many physiological and pathological processes, including infections and inflammatory response. Acne is a common chronic inflammatory skin disorder that affects the pilosebaceous unit and has a multifactorial etiology, including bacterial colonization of the hair follicle. This study aimed to investigate the participation of GAG in the adhesion of Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis to keratinocytes and fibroblasts of the skin by competition experiments and cell surface removal using specific liases. The alteration in the transcription of the genes responsible for the synthesis of GAG induced by the adhesion of these bacteria was also analyzed by qRT-PCR. Results GAGs are involved in bacterial adherence to skin cells, especially fibroblasts, where chondroitin sulfate displayed the higher effect. Bacterial adherence produced different alterations in the transcription of the genes responsible for GAG structures. P. acnes induced mostly changes in keratinocytes, while S. epidermidis was the main cause of alterations in fibroblasts. These variations in gene expression affected all the stages in the biosynthesis of the main species of GAGs, heparan and chondroitin sulphate. Conclusions GAGs species are involved in the adhesion of acne-related bacteria to skin cells in a differential manner depending on each microorganism and cellular type, although other receptors seem to exist. Bacterial adherence led to variations on gene expression in skin cells affecting GAG chains structure what, consequently, should alter their interactions with different ligands, affecting the development of acne disease.

Galenic evaluation of the process for obtaining and storing the platelet rich in growth factors PRGF-Endoret® eye drops.To assess whether the PRGF-Endoret® eye drops process is aseptically obtained, a sterility test was carried out on the eye drops; the tightness of the PRGF-Endoret® eye drops containers was also analyzed. Likewise, the chemical and biological properties of the PRGF- Endoret® eye drops were evaluated after the obtaining process and storage. Eye drop filtration tests, one cycle of freezing at -20 °C and thawing, and eye drop stability for three and six months stored at -20 °C were included.The results obtained in the sterility test showed no microbial contamination in any of the analyzed eyedropper; tightness test showed that 100% of the eyedrop containers and the 98.4% of the plugs analyzed remained hermetic. On the other hand, all the growth factors measured remained constant after filtering the PRGF-Endoret® eye drops. Furthermore, the different eye drop stability tests carried out in this study showed no significant changes in the growth factors levels, cell proliferative activity or in the chemical characteristics analyzed. Conclusions: The PRGF-Endoret® eye drops are obtained in a safety and aseptic manner following the guidelines issued by the Spanish Agency for Drugs and Health Products and the Ministry of Health to obtain medicines for human use. The PRGF-Endoret® eye drops maintain their physical-chemical and biological properties after being subjected to different storage times and temperatures.Objetivo: Evaluación galénica del proceso de obtención y almacenamiento del colirio de plasma rico en factores de crecimiento PRGF- Endoret®. Método: Para evaluar la asepsia en la obtención del colirio de PRGFEndoret ® se realizó un ensayo de esterilidad siguiendo las normas descritas en la Farmacopea Europea y se analizó la estanqueidad de los dispensadores de colirio de PRGF-Endoret®. Asimismo, se estudiaron las propiedades químicas y biológicas del colirio tras su proceso de obtención y almacenamiento. Se incluyeron ensayos de filtración del colirio, de un ciclo de congelación a –20 ºC y descongelación, así como de estabilidad durante tres y seis meses almacenados a –20 ºC.Resultados: Los ensayos de esterilidad mostraron que no hubo crecimiento microbiano en ninguno de los dispensadores analizados y se observó que el 100% de los monodosis analizados y el 98,4% de los tapones mantenían el hermetismo. Todos los factores de crecimiento analizados permanecieron constantes tras el filtrado del colirio de PRGF- Endoret®. Además, todos los estudios de estabilidad llevados a cabo con el colirio de PRGF-Endoret® en el presente estudio mostraron que no se produjeron cambios significativos en los niveles de factores de crecimiento, en la actividad proliferativa celular ni en las características químicas analizadas.Conclusiones: El presente trabajo muestra que el proceso de elaboración del colirio de PRGF-Endoret® se lleva a cabo de forma controlada, aséptica y segura, siguiendo las normas descritas en la farmacopea Europea. Además, el colirio de PRGF-Endoret® obtenido mantiene sus propiedades físico-químicas y biológicas tras someterlo a diferentes tiempos y temperaturas de almacenamiento.

Supplemental material, Supplementary_table for Stability of freeze-dried plasma rich in growth factors eye drops stored for 3 months at different temperature conditions by Eduardo Anitua, María de la Fuente, Francisco Muruzábal and Jesús Merayo-Lloves in European Journal of Ophthalmology

RESUMEN Introducción: las conjuntivitis epidémicas presentan alto riesgo de contagio. Pueden tener etiología laboral. Objetivos: conocer datos epidemiológicos y cuantificar costes económicos; aportar información sobre manejo y catalogación. Material / Métodos: estudio descriptivo-retrospectivo de una serie de casos (contingencias profesionales) por conjuntivitis epidémica (CIE-9) durante 2014-2015 en FREMAP, que generaron procesos de incapacidad temporal. Resultados: sobre el total de patologías oftalmológicas laborales con baja, representaron el 1,6%. Mujeres 75%, sector servicios y 39 años de media. Bilateral 73% de los casos. El 46% recibió asistencia previa. Tratamiento médico 86,48% (colirios / otros fármacos). Días de baja 1068 (media/ proceso 28,48 días). Costes sanitarios 17511,59 euros y prestaciones 40060,11 euros. Conclusiones: sector Servicios, mujeres y profesionales sanitarios, mayor prevalencia. Mayoritariamente, afectación ambos ojos. Prevenir, el mejor tratamiento. No correlación estacional. Esencial diagnóstico precoz, interrumpir actividad laboral del trabajador y extremar medidas para evitar contagio. Tasas de absentismo y costes económicos relevantes. ABSTRACT Introduction: epidemic conjunctivitis is highly contagious. It can have a workplace aetiology. Objectives: compile epidemiological data and quantify financial costs; provide information on management and classification. Material / Methods: retrospective-descriptive study of work-related epidemic conjunctivitis cases (CIE-9) seen by FREMAP in 2014-2015 requiring sickness certification. Results: comprises 1.6% of all sickness certification for workplace ophthalmic incidents. Most cases were women (75%), service sector workers, and 76% were bilateral. Average age was 39. Medical treatment (eyedrops/other medication) prescribed in 86.48% of cases, and 46% had received prior medical attention. Total number of sick days was 1068 (average 28.48). Healthcare costs were 17,511.59 euros and sickness benefits 40,060.11 euros. Conclusions: condition more prevalent in service sector, healthcare workers and women. Mostly bilateral. No seasonal correlation. Early diagnosis essential, as is removing worker from the workplace and instigating measures to reduce contagion. Sickness leave and financial costs are significant.

16. Objective: Galenic evaluation of the process for obtaining and storing the platelet rich in growth factors PRGF-Endoret® eye drops. Method: To assess whether the PRGF-Endoret® eye drops process is aseptically obtained, a sterility test was carried out on the eye drops; the tightness of the PRGF-Endoret® eye drops containers was also analyzed. Likewise, the chemical and biological properties of the PRGF-Endoret® eye drops were evaluated after the obtaining process and storage. Eye drop filtration tests, one cycle of freezing at -20 °C and thawing, and eye drop stability for three and six months stored at -20 °C were included. Results: The results obtained in the sterility test showed no microbial contamination in any of the analyzed eyedropper; tightness test showed that 100% of the eyedrop containers and the 98.4% of the plugs analyzed remained hermetic. On the other hand, all the growth factors measured remained constant after filtering the PRGF-Endoret® eye drops. Furthermore, the different eye drop stability tests carried out in this study showed no significant changes in the growth factors levels, cell proliferative activity or in the chemical characteristics analyzed. Conclusions: The PRGF-Endoret® eye drops are obtained in a safety and aseptic manner following the guidelines issued by the Spanish Agency for Drugs and Health Products and the Ministry of Health to obtain medicines for human use. The PRGF-Endoret® eye drops maintain their physical-chemical and biological properties after being subjected to different storage times and temperatures. Resumen 24. Objetivo: Evaluación galénica del proceso de obtención y almacenamiento del colirio de plasma rico en factores de crecimiento PRGF -Endoret®. Método: Para evaluar la asepsia en la obtención del colirio de PRGF-Endoret® se realizó un ensayo de esterilidad siguiendo las normas descritas en la Farmacopea Europea y se analizó la estanqueidad de los dispensadores de colirio de PRGF -Endoret®. Asimismo, se estudiaron las propiedades químicas y biológicas del colirio tras su proceso de obtención y almacenamiento. Se incluyeron ensayos de filtración del colirio, de un ciclo de congelación a -20 ºC y descongelación, así como de estabilidad durante tres y seis meses almacenados a -20 ºC. Resultados: Los ensayos de esterilidad mostraron que no hubo crecimiento microbiano en ninguno de los dispensadores analizados y se observó que el 100% de los monodosis analizados y el 98,4% de los tapones mantenían el hermetismo. Todos los factores de crecimiento analizados permanecieron constantes tras el filtrado del colirio de PRGF-Endoret®. Además, todos los estudios de estabilidad llevados a cabo con el colirio de PRGF-Endoret® en el presente estudio mostraron que no se produjeron cambios significativos en los niveles de factores de crecimiento, en la actividad proliferativa celular ni en las características químicas analizadas. Conclusiones: El presente trabajo muestra que el proceso de elaboración del colirio de PRGF-Endoret® se lleva a cabo de forma controlada, aséptica y segura, siguiendo las normas descritas en la Farmacopea Europea. Además, el colirio de PRGF-Endoret® obtenido mantiene sus propiedades físico-químicas y biológicas tras someterlo a diferentes tiempos y temperaturas de almacenamiento.

Background Epidemiological studies focusing on occupational pathologies can be an important medium through which to bring about change with respect to workplace accidents, both in terms of prevention planning and management as well as the appropriate care following an accident. Ocular chemical burns benefit from urgent attention as, if not treated early and appropriately, the tissue of the eye and its functionality can be seriously compromised. The objective of this study was to collate epidemiological data on workplace ocular chemical burns which could in turn serve to identify key action points in terms of occupational health. Methods Cohort study with 604 cases of chemical burns to the eye occurring in the workplace between 2014 and 2015. Criteria inclusion were diagnosis of chemical burn, patient seen at the medical centre of the mutual society, workplace acquired ophthalmic pathology leading to the issuing of a sickness certificate. No exclusion criteria were defined. Results Ocular chemical burns were the second most common workplace eye injury (12.68%) behind foreign bodies in the eye (43.42%). Men accounted for 68.54% of cases of ocular chemical burns. In around 75% of cases, sickness certification was for less than 7 days, although 6 patients suffered permanent disability. The occupational sector which was most affected particularly the industry service industry. The economic costs with these workplace injuries were extracted. Conclusions Appropriate early medical assistance is essential. The production and distribution of clinical guides for health care workers could optimise first line assistance and mitigate possible training deficiencies. pre-print 169 KB