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Background: The ability to measure, track over time, and compare memory ability for people with neurodegeneration is important. However, currently, full comparability of memory test data is limited by a lack of quality assurance of memory measurements. At AAIC 2021, we presented a preliminary item bank to assess memory, composed by selecting items from legacy tests according to metrological principles through use of the Rasch model and with item equivalence based on entropy. Method: Here, we demonstrate direct comparability of measurements generated from different tests, with the new NeuroMET Memory Metric comprising 87 selected items for task difficulty from: the Corsi Block Test, Digit Span Test, Rey's Auditory Verbal Learning Test, Word Learning List from the CERAD test battery and the Mini Mental State Examination. Data were collected from the European EMPIR NeuroMET and the SmartAge studies recruited at Charité Hospital (Healthy controls n = 92; Subjective cognitive decline n = 160; Mild Cognitive Impairment n = 50; and Alzheimer's Disease n = 58; age range 55‐87). Results: The Rasch analysis showed well‐targeted items for all participants' abilities; good fit to the measurement model, with 83 items (95%) having fit residuals within the expected range and satisfactory unidimensionality, and item reliability of 0.96. The full item bank comprising 87 short‐term memory items gave a person reliability of 0.85. Subsequently, a conversion table was created linking the raw scores from the legacy tests to the common NeuroMET Memory Metric and to individual legacy tests. Conclusion: Legacy memory tests have previously proven useful in clinical practice and research, and will continue to be used, but have to date been metrologically limited. The provided conversion table, linking these legacy memory tests to a metrologically assured scale, viz., the NeuroMET memory metric, remedies this deficiency. The NeuroMET memory metric will be included in the first ever prototype of a metrological validated app used to deliver memory tests. Clinicians and researchers will be able to select sets of items to produce data, via a scoring algorithm for transforming patient responses to measures, in a common frame of reference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The extent to which existing legacy memory tests are accurate and sensitive in detecting early cognitive decline is questionable. This reflects the wider picture in neurodegenerative conditions where clinical rating scales have not been developed for early‐stage disease. Item banks delivered through computer adaptive tests can help. But, in order to be fit‐for‐purpose, this approach requires a metrological framework with recourse to units, traceability, and interoperability. Here we describe the initial research to build such an item bank, based on legacy tests. Method: Memory tests (i.e., Corsi Block Test [CBT], Digit Span Test [DST], Rey's Auditory Verbal Learning Test [RAVLT] and Word Learning List [WLL]) data were collected in the European EMPIR NeuroMET and the SMART cohorts recruited in Charité Hospital (Healthy control n 86; Subjective Cognitive Decline n 99; Mild Cognitive Impairment n 37; and Alzheimer's Disease n 45). In order to align with metrological requirements, Rasch measurement theory in conjunction with construct specification equations were chosen to analyse the data. Result: Based on the combined dataset, when analyzed on their own, the data from the CBT, DST, RAVLT and WLL revealed skewness, gaps, and large measurement uncertainties. The addition of items from each of the tests into a bank improved these psychometric issues, improving reliability from a minimum of 0.65 to 0.85. The metrological legitimization of the 'NeuroMET Memory Metric' (formed from the combination of items) was confirmed through construct specification equations, which provided a Pearson correlation coefficient for empirical values vs. predicted (zR) values of up to 0.98 for task difficulty. Conclusion: Our early promising findings provide a strong foundation for a metric of memory ability, which can be used as the basis for computer adaptive testing, better targeted measurement, and more accurate discrimination of early cognitive decline. Establishing units can also provide for the potential of developing crosswalks between a wider range of memory test items. Further work includes further longitudinal data collection to confirm item estimates, development of a digital platform, and a quality assurance program to establish traceability, and interoperability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractPurposeMaterials and methodsResultsConclusions\nImplications for rehabilitationTo identify factors that contribute to the enhanced life of people with spinal cord injury (SCI) in Sweden.This cross-sectional study combined workshops (n = 38) and survey data (n = 243) from people living with SCI and their relatives, health professionals, and personal care assistants working with people living with SCI. The data were first categorized using Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological model, followed by a conventional content analysis.The factors that contribute to an enhanced life for people living with SCI are similar to those of the general population, including relationships, leisure activities, and occupation within the mesosystem. However, the unique components of the exosystem and macrosystem are specifically associated with people living with SCI. The exosystem, particularly in healthcare, plays a major role for medical reasons but also tends to obtrude and minimize the mesosystem. The macrosystem is essential, as it sets the rules that govern the actors in the other layers, creating prerequisites for meeting the needs of the mesosystem and exosystem.The needs that contribute to an enhanced life are multifaceted and individualized. Therefore, these systems must be flexible throughout the lifespan of individuals with SCI.This paper reports needs that contribute to an enhanced life for people living with spinal cord injury in Sweden.The factors that contribute to an enhanced life are multifaceted and individual, and these must be considered throughout the entire life span, including getting help if secondary complications arise, aging and other life events.Individuals’ willingness to take ownership is strong but requires support from the surrounding systems that can accommodate individual’s unique needs.The exosystem (ea health care) plays a major role but risk to obtrude and minimize the mesosystem (individual’s immediate relations).Positive attitudes toward oneself, from family members and loved ones, from health care professionals and authorities are crucial for an enhanced life.This paper reports needs that contribute to an enhanced life for people living with spinal cord injury in Sweden.The factors that contribute to an enhanced life are multifaceted and individual, and these must be considered throughout the entire life span, including getting help if secondary complications arise, aging and other life events.Individuals’ willingness to take ownership is strong but requires support from the surrounding systems that can accommodate individual’s unique needs.The exosystem (ea health care) plays a major role but risk to obtrude and minimize the mesosystem (individual’s immediate relations).Positive attitudes toward oneself, from family members and loved ones, from health care professionals and authorities are crucial for an enhanced life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: eHealth interventions have the potential to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of health care. However, research has shown that implementing eHealth in routine health care practice is difficult. Organizational readiness to change has been shown to be central to successful implementation. This paper describes the development and formative evaluation of a generic self-help tool, E-Ready, designed to be used by managers, project leaders, or others responsible for implementation in a broad range of health care settings., Objective: The aim of this study is to develop and evaluate a tool that could facilitate eHealth implementation in, for example, health care., Methods: A first version of the tool was generated based on implementation theory (E-Ready 1.0). A formative evaluation was undertaken through expert panels (n=15), cognitive interviews (n=17), and assessment of measurement properties on E-Ready items from 3 different workplaces (n=165) using Rasch analyses. E-Ready 1.0 was also field tested among the target population (n=29). Iterative revisions were conducted during the formative evaluation process, and E-Ready 2.0 was generated., Results: The E-Ready Tool consists of a readiness assessment survey and a hands-on manual. The survey measures perceived readiness for change (willingness and capability) at individual and collective levels: perceived conditions for change at the workplace, perceived individual conditions for change, perceived support and engagement among management, perceived readiness among colleagues, perceived consequences on status quo, and perceived workplace attitudes. The manual contains a brief introduction, instructions on how to use the tool, information on the themes of E-Ready, instructions on how to create an implementation plan, brief advice for success, and tips for further reading on implementation theory. Rasch analyses showed overall acceptable measurement properties in terms of fit validity. The subscale Individual conditions for change (3 items) had the lowest person reliability (0.56), whereas Perceived consequences on status quo (5 items) had the highest person reliability (0.87)., Conclusions: E-Ready 2.0 is a new self-help tool to guide implementation targeting health care provider readiness and engagement readiness ahead of eHealth initiatives in, for example, health care settings. E-Ready can be improved further to capture additional aspects of implementation; improvements can also be made by evaluating the tool in a larger sample., (©Petra Dannapfel, Kristin Thomas, Alexander Chakhunashvili, Jeanette Melin, Ylva Trolle Lagerros. Originally published in JMIR Formative Research (https://formative.jmir.org), 17.01.2022.)

Objective : To analyze definitions and related requirements, processes, and operationalization of person-centered goal-setting in the physiotherapy research literature; to discuss those findings in relation to underlying principles of person-centeredness; and to provide an initial framework for how person-centered goal-setting could be conceptualized and operationalized in physiotherapy. Methods : A literature search was conducted in the databases: CINAHL, PubMed, PEDro, PsycINFO, REHABdata and Scopus. A content analysis was performed on how person-centered goal-setting was described. Results : A total of 21 articles were included in the content analysis. Five categories were identified: 1) Understanding goals that are meaningful to the patients; 2) Setting goals in collaboration; 3) Facing challenges with person-centered goal-setting; 4) Developing skills by experiences and education; and 5) Changing interaction and reflective practice. These categories were abstracted into two higher-ordered interlaced themes: 1) To seek mutual understanding of what is meaningful to the patient; and 2) To refine physiotherapy interaction skills, which we suggest would be useful for further conceptualization. Conclusion : In this analysis, we interpreted person-centered goal-setting in physiotherapy as a process of interaction toward a mutual understanding of what is meaningful to the patient. Future research may explore how to integrate mindful listening, embodied interaction and continuous ethical reflection with different assessments and treatment methods.

Purpose: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Patient Participation in Rehabilitation Questionnaire (PPRQ) in neurological rehabilitation using statistical methods taking the ordinal nature of data into account. Methods: A cross-sectional postal questionnaire study was conducted. In total, 522 patients from a neurological rehabilitation unit completed the 32-item version of the PPRQ. The PPRQ comprises five scales and assesses patients' experiences of participation in their rehabilitation. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to evaluate the factor structure according to the hypothetical five-scale model. Internal consistency reliability was evaluated by ordinal α , and test-retest reliability was evaluated by weighted kappa statistics and intraclass correlations (ICC). Results: After omitting 12 items, a 20-item version with the five hypothetical scales showed acceptable fit for the PPRQ (RMSEA = 0.067, CFI = 0.983, TLI = 0.979). For each scale, both internal consistency and test-retest reliability were good to excellent (ordinal α  = 0.88-0.93, ICC = 0.83-0.90). Conclusions: The revised version of the PPRQ shows sound psychometric properties and is a potential questionnaire for the evaluation of patients' experiences of participation in neurological rehabilitation. The PPRQ can provide insight into central aspects that are crucial for the patients' participation, namely Respect and integrity , Planning and decision-making , Information and knowledge , Motivation and encouragement , and Involvement of family. Implications for RehabilitationPatient participation in rehabilitation is a multidimensional concept that can be assessed by the revised Patient Participation in Rehabilitation Questionnaire (PPRQ).The revised PPRQ shows sound psychometric properties for persons undergone neurological rehabilitation.The revised PPRQ still covers five central aspects of patient participation: Respect and integrity , Planning and decision-making , Information and knowledge , Motivation and encouragement , and Involvement of family. Assessments with the revised PPRQ can provide insight into the patients' experiences of central aspects that are crucial for participation in their own rehabilitation.

Objective: To evaluate the Patient Participation in Rehabilitation Questionnaire (PPRQ) according to Rasch measurement theory., Method: Five hundred twenty-two post-discharge patients from a neurological rehabilitation unit were included. The PPRQ questionnaire comprises 20 items rated by a cohort of 522 patients about their experiences of participating in rehabilitation. The measurement properties of the PPRQ were evaluated by Rasch analysis of the responses., Results: The Rasch analysis of 20 items showed some major misfits, particularly three items addressing the involvement of family members. After removing those items, the model fit improved and no significant DIF remained. Despite improvements, person values (-2.96 to 4.86 logits) were not fully matched by the item values (-0.61 to 0.77 logits). Neither did the t test for unidimensionality meet the criterion of 5%, and local dependency was present. The unidimensionality and local dependency could, however, be accommodated for by four testlets., Conclusion: The PPRQ-17 showed that a ruler with a reasonable and clinical hierarchy can be constructed, although the expectations of dimensionality and local dependency need to be evaluated further. Despite room for further development, PPRQ-17 nevertheless shows improved measurement precision in terms of patient leniency compared with previous evaluations with classical test theory. In turn, this can play a crucial role when comparing different rehabilitation programs and planning tailored care development activities., (© 2019 The Authors Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)