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Tied to [the] question of who should decide the future of open access, who should have the power to make changes to scholarly publishing practices? Do these powers flow from publishers, institutions, tenure committees, funding agencies, authors, or all of the above? All of the above? None of the above? What are the pros, cons, and consequences of different institutions and interest groups developing and implementing their own solutions (even the one-off variety)? Is federal oversight needed? Global coordination (through an organization like UNESCO)?, Open Scholarship Initiative Proceedings, 2016

Who decides the future of open access, or, rather, who has the power to make decisions that can affect the future of open access? We believe that large scale, transformative, and inclusive progress on these questions can transpire when several entities, each with different complementary powers, convene to collaborate on win-win solutions. We offer three examples of such possible scenarios: the way scholars are evaluated, the way some innovations in scholarly publishing can be nurtured, and the way global cooperation can transform existing journals to open access. OSI2016 Workgroup Question Tied to [the] question of who should decide the future of open access, who should have the power to make changes to scholarly publishing practices? Do these powers flow from publishers, institutions, tenure committees, funding agencies, authors, or all of the above? All of the above? None of the above? What are the pros, cons, and consequences of different institutions and interest groups developing and implementing their own solutions (even the one-off variety)? Is federal oversight needed? Global coordination (through an organization like UNESCO)?, Open Scholarship Initiative Proceedings, 2016

The SCOAP3 (Sponsoring Consortium for Open Access Publishing in Particle Physics) initiative is an international partnership to convert to Open Access the published literature in the field of High-Energy Physics (HEP). It has been in operation since January 2014, and covers more than 4’000 articles/year. Originally initiated by CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, and now counting partners representing 41 countries and 3 intergovernmental organizations, SCOAP3 has successfully converted to Open Access all, or part of, 6 HEP journals previously restricted to subscribers. It is also supporting publication of articles in 4 existing Open Access journals. As a “Gold” Open Access initiative, SCOAP3 pays Article Processing Charges (APCs), as publishers’ source of revenue for the publication service. Differentiating itself from other Open Access initiatives, SCOAP3 set APCs through a tendering process, correlating quality and price, at consistent conditions across participating publishers. The APCs determined by the SCOAP3 tendering process are compared with those charged in both Gold Open Access and hybrid markets, the latter referring to the piecemeal conversion to Open Access of individual articles in subscription journals. If the journals’ “Impact Factor” is used as a proxy for quality, the results indicate that the SCOAP3 APCs align with, or slightly improve upon, those of the service-based Gold Open Access journals. The SCOAP3 APCs vastly improve upon the price levels of what appears to be a less-functional hybrid publication market, in general and for the field of Physics in particular. The SCOAP3 tendering process included mechanisms to cap yearly expenditures in any single publishing outlet. By analysing the number of articles published in 2014-2015 (8,725 articles), the average APC effectively paid by SCOAP3 through its first two years is €1,100.

Public calls, agency mandates and scientist demand for Open Science are by now a reality with different nuances across diverse research communities. A complex “ecosystem” of services and tools, mostly communityDdriven, will underpin this revolution in science. Repositories stand to accelerate this process, as “openness” evolves beyond text, in lockstep with scholarly communication. We present a case study of a global discipline, HighDEnergy Physics (HEP), where most of these transitions have already taken place in a “social laboratory” of multiple global information services interlinked in a complex, but successful, ecosystem at the service of scientists. We discuss our firstDhand experience, at a technical and organizational level, of leveraging partnership across repositories and with the user community in support of Open Science, along threads relevant to the OR2013 community.

During its first year, the ODIN project has studied the needs and particularities of the High-Energy Physics community. Based on these needs, a set of preliminary models on data exchange and workflows has been developed.This information will be used during the second year of the project, when cross-field requirements and parallelisms will be analysed.

El entorno de la información en la primera década del siglo XXI no tiene precedentes. Las barreras físicas que han limitado el acceso al conocimiento están desapareciendo a medida que los métodos tradicionales de acceso a información se reemplazan o se mejoran gracias al uso de sistemas basados en computador. Los sistemas digitales son capaces de gestionar colecciones mucho más grandes de documentos, confrontando a los usuarios de información con la avalancha de documentos asociados a su tópico de interés. Esta nueva situación ha creado un incentivo para el desarrollo de técnicas de minería de datos y la creación de motores de búsqueda más eficientes y capaces de limitar los resultados de búsqueda a un subconjunto reducido de los más relevantes. Sin embargo, la mayoría de los motores de búsqueda en la actualidad trabajan con descripciones textuales. Estas descripciones se pueden extraer o bien del contenido o a través de fuentes externas. La recuperación basada en el contenido no textual de documentos es un tema de investigación continua. En particular, la recuperación de imágenes y el desentrañar la información contenida en ellas están suscitando un gran interés en la comunidad científica. Las bibliotecas digitales se sitúan en una posición especial dentro de los sistemas que facilitan el acceso al conocimiento. Actúan como repositorios de documentos que comparten algunas características comunes (por ejemplo, pertenecer a la misma área de conocimiento o ser publicados por la misma institución) y como tales contienen documentos considerados de interés para un grupo particular de usuarios. Además, facilitan funcionalidades de recuperación sobre las colecciones gestionadas. Normalmente, las publicaciones científicas son las unidades más pequeñas gestionadas por las bibliotecas digitales científicas. Sin embargo, en el proceso de creación científica hay diferentes tipos de artefactos, entre otros: figuras y conjuntos de datos. Las figuras juegan un papel particularmente importante en el proceso de publicación científica. Representan los datos en una forma gráfica que nos permite mostrar patrones sobre grandes conjuntos de datos y transmitir ideas complejas de un modo fácilmente entendible. Los sistemas existentes para bibliotecas digitales facilitan el acceso a figuras, pero solo como parte de los ficheros sobre los que se serializa la publicación entera. El objetivo de esta tesis es proponer un conjunto de métodos ytécnicas que permitan transformar las figuras en productos de primera clase dentro del proceso de publicación científica, permitiendo que los investigadores puedan obtener el máximo beneficio a la hora de realizar búsquedas y revisiones de bibliografía existente. Los métodos y técnicas propuestos están orientados a facilitar la adquisición, anotación semántica y búsqueda de figuras contenidas en publicaciones científicas. Para demostrar la completitud de la investigación se han ilustrado las teorías propuestas mediante ejemplos en el campo de la Física de Partículas (también conocido como Física de Altas Energías). Para aquellos casos en los que se han necesitadoo en las figuras que aparecen con más frecuencia en las publicaciones de Física de Partículas: los gráficos científicos denominados en inglés con el término plots. Los prototipos que propuestas más detalladas han desarrollado para esta tesis se han integrado parcialmente dentro del software Invenio (1) para bibliotecas digitales, así como dentro de INSPIRE, una de las mayores bibliotecas digitales en Física de Partículas mantenida gracias a la colaboración de grandes laboratorios y centros de investigación como son el CERN, SLAC, DESY y Fermilab. 1). http://invenio-software.org/

During the first year of ODIN several steps have been taken to study the strengths and weaknesses in PIDs across disciplines and stakeholder groups. Particular emphasis has been given to the opportunities ahead – the potential that can be unlocked by an open and interoperable PID framework in Europe and beyond. To do so, a continuous exchange with experts and users of PIDs has been in the focus during this first year. This has happened during selected events, as well as dedicated interviews and literature review. As the core result a SWOT analysis is presented, as well as a concise gap analysis. The report concludes with recommended actions to address the main gaps. The analysis highlights that the gaps must be addressed urgently and mainly in a collaborative manner. An open, global and interoperable PID layer could unlock the full potential of Open Science if all stakeholder groups and disciplines are involved.

The results of ODE provide a comprehensive overview of data sharing today and shed new light on the future challenge of data sharing. This resulted in detailed recommendations for the individual stakeholders involved in data sharing, but also overall topics that need to be addressed in order to develop data sharing in Europe and beyond, and can inform policies and approaches in Horizon2020. These are summarised in this document

ODE briefing sheet for Funders

ODE briefing sheet for Researchers

ODE briefing sheet for Libraries

ODE briefing sheet for Data Centres

'Data as infrastructure' is a critical concept for a fully-integrated European Research Area (ERA) to drive innovation forward as envisaged by the Digital Agenda for Europe. The lack of data availability hinders this vision. In academic publishing, peer review and citation have long been recognised as mechanisms for endorsing the trustworthiness of research outputs and incentivizing researchers to contribute. Trustworthy research data will only be widely available if the same principles are applied. Key, participative, initiatives have emerged to address this challenge.\n\nThe DataCite consortium has assigned over 1m DOI names in the last few years to make research data citable, true to emergence of the '4th paradigm', Jim Gray's vision of "data-intensive scientific discovery"\n\nORCID offers the opportunity to identify individual authors across systems and infrastructures, including scholarly works that can have up to thousands of authors (as in the case of the LHC project). Researchers often change their affiliation, and collaborate across national disciplinary boundaries.\n\nODIN aims to build on the success of DataCite and ORCID by designing an 'awareness layer' for persistent author and object identifiers, thereby reducing technical, cultural and logistical barriers to the accessibility, attribution and trust of data. Identifier awareness will make it possible to stabilise: References to a data object; Tracking of use and re-use; Links between a data object, subsets, articles, rights statements and every person involved in its life-cycle (creator, editor, reviewer, aggregator, etc.).\n\nGiven the importance of these functions as we approach HORIZON2020, we aim to prove the feasibility of author, data and rights identification, promote trust building towards open scientific data e-Infrastructures and lay the foundation necessary to promote future interoperability (technical, semantic, reference architecture, etc.) in the scientific data domain in Europe and globally.

Data from high-energy physics (HEP) experiments are collected with significant financial and human effort and are mostly unique. An inter-experimental study group on HEP data preservation and long-term analysis was convened as a panel of the International Committee for Future Accelerators (ICFA). The group was formed by large collider-based experiments and investigated the technical and organisational aspects of HEP data preservation. An intermediate report was released in November 2009 addressing the general issues of data preservation in HEP. This paper includes and extends the intermediate report. It provides an analysis of the research case for data preservation and a detailed description of the various projects at experiment, laboratory and international levels. In addition, the paper provides a concrete proposal for an international organisation in charge of the data management and policies in high-energy physics. Data from high-energy physics (HEP) experiments are collected with significant financial and human effort and are mostly unique. An inter-experimental study group on HEP data preservation and long-term analysis was convened as a panel of the International Committee for Future Accelerators (ICFA). The group was formed by large collider-based experiments and investigated the technical and organisational aspects of HEP data preservation. An intermediate report was released in November 2009 addressing the general issues of data preservation in HEP. This paper includes and extends the intermediate report. It provides an analysis of the research case for data preservation and a detailed description of the various projects at experiment, laboratory and international levels. In addition, the paper provides a concrete proposal for an international organisation in charge of the data management and policies in high-energy physics.

To gain a broad and common understanding the ODE project collected 21 stories, in which significant stakeholders describe their experiences and their view on the topic. The focus is on the following four perspectives: scientific communities, infrastructure initiatives (e. g. data centres and data repositories), management (e. g. funding agencies and policy makers) and other relevant stakeholders (e. g. citizen science projects). This report provides an introduction, documents the stories and combines the key barriers and drivers for the permanent access to research data.

Zenodo (2011). doi:10.5281/zenodo.8308, As the part of its mission of identifying, collating, interpreting and delivering evidence of emerging best practices in sharing, re-using, preserving and citing data, and documenting drivers of change and the barriers impeding progress this report is an important first step. It is a collection of success stories and lessons learned in the area of data sharing, re-use and preservation. These use cases outline the state of play in this dynamic area, and are meant to help stakeholders appreciate the vast potential for innovation as well as barriers to success in the field. These ten tales, selected by the Opportunities for Data Exchange (ODE) project, are based on personal interviews with leaders in scientific communities, research infrastructures, management and policy initiatives. These unique perspectives look at data sharing from many angles, and provide fresh, first-hand accounts of experience and involvement in the following areas: Leading-edge scientific research Funding policy Coordination of large-scale e-infrastructures Researcher access to e-infrastructures Extending data infrastructures to meet the needs of the modern classroom., Published by Zenodo

“Authormagic” is a system designed to solve the systemic challenge of the attribution of scholarly artifacts to unique authors in scientific digital libraries. It relies on the unique combination of machine-based knowledge retrieval and distributed knowledge of the users of the system themselves. Algorithmically computed lists of the authors’ publications, disambiguated through a (meta-) data mining approach, allow users to follow an intuitive procedure to validate and improve content to an author’s scholarly profile. This approach constitutes the core of a new paradigm for extended author-centric and user-centric services in large-scale scientific digital libraries.

E-Science brings opportunities and challenges for the world of scholarly communication: it amplifies the needs of scientists for fast, effective, unrestricted communication of ideas and scientific results, through Open Access; it enables automation of librarianship intelligence, providing new services to the scientific community for the discovery of information; it calls on libraries and information professionals to fill new roles, as evolving actors in the scholarly communication chain. The field of High-Energy Physics (HEP) has pioneered infrastructures for scholarly communication, with half a century of tradition in Open Access and pre-print dissemination and two decades of experiences in repositories. Scholarly communication in HEP is now moving fast in the e-Science era. This contribution will analyze the status of scholarly communication in the field and the potential offered by the inception of INSPIRE, the next-generation repository for the field., International Conference on Open Repositories : Proceedings, The 5th International Conference on Open Repositories (OR2010), Madrid, Spain, 6-9 July 2010

High-Energy Physics (HEP) has a long tradition in pioneering infrastructures for scholarly communication, and four leading laboratories are now rolling-out the next-generation digital library for the field: INSPIRE. This is an evolution of the extraordinarily successful, 40-years old SPIRES database. Based on the Invenio software, INSPIRE already provides seamless access to almost 1 million records, which will be expanded to cover multimedia, data, software, wikis. Services offered include citation analysis, fulltext search, extraction of figures from fulltext and search in figure captions, automatic keyword assignment, metadata harvesting, retrodigitization, ingestion and automatic display of LaTeX, and storage of supplementary materials like Mathematica notebooks. New services are in different phases of design or implementation, in strategic partnerships with all other information providers in the field and neighbouring disciplines, including automatic author disambiguation, user tagging, crowdsourcing of metadata curation, automatic document classification, semantic analysis, innovative metrics, recommender systems, object aggregation with OAI-ORE definition, integration of OAIS standards for long-term document preservation.

The inexorable growth of both Open Access and library budgetary concerns are calling for innovation in scholarly communication. The field of High-Energy Physics has decades of tradition in cross-border collaboration and Open Access and is now proposing an innovative model for scientific publishing: SCOAP3. This article presents a synopsis of this opportunity for libraries, scientists and publishers to invent a new future at the interface of Open Access, peer-reviewed journals and repositories.

The Open Access (OA) movement is gaining an increasing momentum: its goal is to grant anyone, anywhere and anytime free access to the results of publicly funded scientific research. The High- Energy Physics (HEP) community has pioneered OA for decades, through its widespread “pre-print culture”. After almost half a century of worldwide dissemination of pre-prints, in paper first and electronically later, OA journals are becoming the natural evolution of scholarly communication in HEP. Among other OA business models, the one based on a sponsoring consortium appears as the most viable option for a transition of the HEP peer-reviewed literature to OA. The Sponsoring Consortium for Open Access Publishing in Particle Physics (SCOAP3) is proposed as a central body to remunerate publishers for their peer-review service, effectively replacing the “reader-pays” model of traditional subscriptions with an “author-side” funding, without any direct financial burden on individual authors and research groups. Sustainable funding to SCOAP3 would come from libraries, library consortia and HEP funding agencies through a re-direction of funds currently, and traditionally, spent for subscription to HEP journals. This article discusses the SCOAP3 model in details, from its origins in an analysis of the HEP publishing landscape to its current implementation.

In this note, we investigate the CMS potential for the observation and study of the pp->ZZ->e+e-e+e- and pp->WZ->3l (l=e,mu) reactions, using fully simulated signal and background samples. We show that these processes are potentially accessible with early CMS data, thanks to relatively high production cross sections at LHC energies, together with clear signatures of the multi-lepton final states. We address the main systematic effects relevant for cross section measurements with 1 and 10 fb-1 of data. We demonstrate that multiple gauge-boson production in pp collisions at LHC energies can be observed in the early phase of the experiment, with an integrated luminosity of 1 fb-1 or less.