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A range of sulfide glass electrolyte compositions were found to be insoluble in ether-based solvents. A critical current density of 3 mA cm−2 was achieved with a 0.1 MPa stack pressure and a thin ether-based liquid electrolyte interlayer.

AIM: To examine the clinicopathological characteristics of adult orbital xanthogranulomatous disease(AOXGD). METHODS: From January 2015 to January 2021, the researchers collected postoperative pathological diagnoses cases of AOXGD from Xi'an People's Hospital(Xi'an Fourth Hospital), retrospectively analyzed clinical pathological data, and reviewed related literature. RESULTS: A total of five AOXGD cases were collected, including three cases of adult-onset xanthogranuloma(AOX), one case of necrobiotic xanthogranuloma(NBX), and one case of Erdheim-Chester disease(ECD). The five patients were composed of middle-aged and elderly patients with local orbital lesions were treated. Microscopic examination revealed that the orbital skin and subcutaneous tissue had foam-like non-Langerhans histiocytes that exhibited diffused or nested infiltration. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the cells were positive for CD68, CD163, FXⅢa, lysozyme, negative for S100, CD1a, Langerin, HMB-45, MDM2. One ECD patient had orbital lesions as the first symptom and exhibited a combination of retroperitoneal lesions, right atrium pseudotumor, and long bones, heart, kidney lesions. The diagnosis of AOXGD depends on clinical manifestations and pathological features. The treatment was based on subtypes and clinical manifestations to select corresponding strategies, which mainly include the administration of glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants, and surgical treatment. CONCLUSION: AOXGD is relatively rare in clinical practice. AOXGD can manifest as a local orbital disease or an orbital disease combined with a systemic disease. In the clinical and pathological work of ophthalmology, the understanding and identification of this group of diseases should be strengthened, and correct diagnosis and standard treatment should be promoted.

To guide the selection of a suitable fluorinated ether (FE) co-solvent for lithium metal batteries, it is crucial to understand the relationship between the organic structures of the FEs and the electrochemical performance of an FE-containing electrolyte. In this work, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)ethane (FEE), 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)propane (TTE), and 1,2-bis(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)ethane (OFDEE) were chosen as representative FE co-solvents because of their distinct structural properties. The structure-activity relationship between the FEs and the electrochemical performance of Li||LiNi

In the present study, the Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS)-based metabolomics approach coupled with chemometrics was developed to determine the geographic origins of Keemun black tea. The SERS peaks enhanced by Ag nanoparticles at Δv = 555, 644, 731, 955, 1240, 1321, and 1539 cm− 1 were selected, and the intensities were calculated for chemometric analysis. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) presented an average discrimination accuracy of 86.3%, with 84.3% cross-validation for evaluation. The recognition of three machine learning algorithms, namely feedforward neural network (FNN), random forest (RF), and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), for black tea were 93.5%, 93.5%, and 87.1%, respectively. Herein, this study demonstrates the potential of the SERS technique coupled with AgNPs and chemometrics as an accessible, prompt, and fast method for discriminating the geographic origins of teas.

Evidence theory is a useful tool for modeling and reasoning uncertain information inherent in experts’ evaluations, which is not handled efficiently in traditional failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA). This study proposes an integrated FMEA method that incorporates evidence theory and is applied to human reliability assessment. The human error information of a human-machine system in FMEA is described as a directed graph by a Bayesian network (BN) to assess the dependence among potential human-related failure modes. The BN is extended to propagate the epistemic uncertainty of FMEA team members, where belief mass is applied to model uncertainties in team members’ knowledge and to convert their subjective cognition into varying levels of uncertainty. Risk indexes for occurrence, severity and detection from multiple sources are defined as a special assessment state. The combination of the belief mass of different failure modes is performed using extended Dempster’s rules to avoid the influence of conflicting evidence. Finally, an application in the healthcare system is provided to verify the effectiveness of our model. A comparison with other fuzzy FMEA methods is also conducted, demonstrating the advantages of the proposed model in dealing with decision-makers’ epistemic uncertainty and potential failure mode interdependencies.

3D-carbon fiber felts reinforced ceramic-based composites are considered as valuable structural materials due to their excellent high-temperature mechanical performance, low density and low thermal conductivity. In order to enhance the mechanical properties of the carbon fiber reinforced silicon oxycarbide (SiOC) ceramics, in-situ growth of SiCnws on the surface of carbon fiber via a simple precursor impregnation and pyrolysis method was proposed. As a result, nanoscale SiC nanowires and microscale carbon fiber felts reinforced SiOC ceramics were successfully fabricated. The results showed that the compressive strength of the composite increased by 369% and 173% after two PIP process in x/y and z directions, respectively. The enhanced compressive strength could be ascribed to the brittle fracture of SiCnws and CFs, and crack deflection.

Unregulated lithium (Li) growth is the major cause of low Coulombic efficiency, short cycle life and safety hazards for rechargeable Li metal batteries. Strategies that aim to achieve large granular Li deposits have been extensively explored, and yet it remains a challenge to achieve the ideal Li deposits, which consist of large Li particles that are seamlessly packed on the electrode and can be reversibly deposited and stripped. Here we report a dense Li deposition (99.49% electrode density) with an ideal columnar structure that is achieved by controlling the uniaxial stack pressure during battery operation. Using multiscale characterization and simulation, we elucidate the critical role of stack pressure on Li nucleation, growth and dissolution processes and propose a Li-reservoir-testing protocol to maintain the ideal Li morphology during extended cycling. The precise manipulation of Li deposition and dissolution is a critical step to enable fast charging and a low-temperature operation for Li metal batteries. Li electrodeposition is a fundamental process in Li metal batteries and its reversibility is crucial for battery operation. The authors investigate the effects of stack pressure on Li deposition and associated processes and discuss strategies for achieving dense Li deposits and practical Li metal batteries.

Virtual power plants (VPPs) offer an effective means to address the imbalance issue between electricity supply and demand to advance the world’s low-carbon development. To fully utilize the limited resources in the virtual power plant planning stage, a two-sided match between VPPs and distributed energy companies is needed to better implement resource aggregation management. Because of the vagueness in this matching environment, the probabilistic linguistic term set (PLTS) is necessary to apply to express the decision makers’ preference. Considering the complex social relationships and intense competition among companies, a dynamic social network two-sided matching model is proposed for solving the multi-attribute two-sided matching decision-making problem. Firstly, we present a matching satisfaction degree described by PLTS. A dynamic social trust degree based on the sliding time concept is proposed. Secondly, the social trust network relationships are built based on the direct and indirect dynamic trust degree among companies. This relationship is then combined with an improved trust rank algorithm to identify the most authoritative and the most trusted company to provide the target company with a recommendation for the next moment. Besides, given that companies compete for limited resources, we further define the competitive satisfaction degree and apply the two-sided matching model. Additionally, then a two-sided matching model is developed. Finally, our model is tested numerically to ensure its accuracy and reliability.

In this research, enrichment factor (EF) and pollution load index (PLI) were utilized to explore the contamination characteristics of toxic elements (TEs). The results exhibited that the study area was mainly moderately polluted, and the EF values of Cd, Zn, Pb, Cu and Sb were all > 1, which were cumulative. The concentrations of Cr, Cu, Zn and Pb increased with the decrease of dust particle size. The investigation results of chemical speciation and bioavailability of TEs showed that Zn had the highest bioavailability. Three sources of TEs were determined by positive matrix factorization (PMF), Pearson correlation analysis and geostatistical analyst, comprising factor 1 mixed sources of industrial and transportation activities (46.62%), factor 2 natural source (25.56%) and factor 3 mixed source of agricultural activities and the aging of park infrastructures (27.82%). Potential ecological risk (PER) and human health risk (HHR) based on PMF model were exploited to estimate PER and HHR of TEs from different sources. The PER value of TE in the park dust was 114, indicating that ecological risk in the study area was relatively high. Factor 1 contributed the most to PER, and the pollution of Cd was the most serious. There were no significant carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks for children and adults in the study area. And factor 3 was the biggest source of non-carcinogenic risk, As, Cr and Pb were the chief contributor to non-carcinogenic risk. The primary source of carcinogenic risk was factor 2, Cr was the cardinal cancer risk element.

In this paper, a single degree of freedom (DOF) anthropomorphic gait rehabilitation mechanism with passive branch chain is proposed and optimized. First, the dimension parameters of the mechanism are designed. Taking the normal gait trajectory as the target, 1-DOF Watt-I six-bar mechanism driven by a uniform motor is adopted as the motion executer, and its path synthesis is carried out. Then, the lightweight design of the lower limb rehabilitation mechanism is implemented. A three-dimensional design model of the six-bar linkage is established, which is imported into ANSYS Workbench for static force analysis and topology optimization. Then, a 2-DOF passive chain is designed and imposed into the mechanism for a better dynamic and kinematic performance. In the end, a prototype of the 1-DOF six-bar gait rehab device with passive chain is built, and experiments are conducted using motion capture system to obtain the trajectory. The results show that the optimized mechanism can well simulate the motion of normal human gait trajectory, which verifies the effectiveness of the mechanism and the optimization method.

Surface electromyography signal (sEMG) is the bioelectric signal accompanied by muscle contraction. In gesture recognition, sEMG is a non-invasive, efficient and fast recognition method. For patients with hand amputation, their upper limb EMG signals can be collected, and these EMG signals correspond to the patient’s hand movement intention. Therefore, by wearing the prosthetic hand integrated with the EMG signal recognition module, patients with hand amputation can also make gestures meet their needs of daily life. In this paper, gesture recognition is carried out based on sEMG and deep learning, and the master-slave control of manipulator is realized. At the same time, gesture recognition can also be applied to remote control. Controlling the end of the manipulator at a certain distance with a specific gesture can complete some tasks in complex and high-risk environments with higher efficiency. Based on Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Gate Recurrent Unit (GRU), this paper constructs three neural networks with different structures, including single CNN, single GRU and CNN-GRU, and then train the collected gesture data set. According to the results of test set, the input type with the highest accuracy of gesture classification and recognition can be obtained. Among the three neural networks, CNN-GRU has the highest accuracy on the test set, reaching 92%, so it is used as the selected gesture recognition network. Finally, combined with the integrated manipulator, the EMG signals collected in real time by the myo EMG signal acquisition armband are classified by the upper computer, and the results are obtained. Then the control signal of the manipulator corresponding to the gesture is sent to the Arduino control module of the manipulator, and the master-slave control of the manipulator using the EMG signal can be realized.

Dong-Mei Cai,1,&ast; Fan-Biao Mei,1,&ast; Chao-Jun Zhang,1 San-Chun An,1 Rui-Bo Lv,1 Guan-Hua Ren,1 Chan-Chan Xiao,1 Long Long,1,2 Tian-Ren Huang,1,2 Wei Deng1,2 1Department of Experimental Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People’s Republic of China; 2Guangxi Cancer Molecular Medicine Engineering Research Center, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Wei Deng; Tianren Huang, Department of Experimental Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 71, Hedi Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People’s Republic of China, Email dengwei@gxmu.edu.cn; tianrenhuang@sina.comBackground: Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) are associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the concentrations of MC-LR in drinking water and the synergistic effect of MC-LR and HBV on hepatocellular carcinogenesis through their disturbance of redox balance have not been fully elucidated.Methods: We measured the MC-LR concentrations in 168 drinking water samples of areas with a high incidence of HCC. The relationships between MC-LR and both redox status and liver diseases in 177 local residents were analyzed. The hepatoma cell line HepG2 transfected with C-terminal truncated hepatitis B virus X gene (Ct-HBX) were treated with MC-LR. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. Cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis were assessed with cell activity assays, scratch and transwell assays, and flow cytometry, respectively. The mRNA and protein expression-related redox status genes were analyzed with qPCR and Western blotting.Results: The average concentration of MC-LR in well water, river water and reservoir water were 57.55 ng/L, 76.74 ng/L and 132.86 ng/L respectively, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The MC-LR levels in drinking water were correlated with liver health status, including hepatitis, clonorchiasis, glutamic pyruvic transaminase abnormalities and hepatitis B surface antigen carriage (all P values < 0.05). The serum MDA increased in subjects who drank reservoir water and were infected with HBV (P < 0.05). In the cell experiment, ROS increased when Ct-HBX-transfected HepG2 cells were treated with MC-LR, followed by a decrease in SOD and GSH and an increase in MDA. MC-LR combined with Ct-HBX promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of HepG2 cells, upregulated the mRNA and protein expression of MAOA gene, and downregulated UCP2 and GPX1 genes.Conclusion: MC-LR and HBV may synergistically affect redox status and play an important role in hepatocarcinoma genesis.Keywords: hepatocellular carcinoma, microcystins-LR, hepatitis B virus X gene, redox balance

Nowadays, metal oxide-based electromagnetic wave absorbing materials have aroused widely attentions in the application of telecommunication and electronics due to their selectable mechanical and outstanding dielectric properties. Herein, the binary ZnO/NiCo2O4 nanoparticles were successfully synthesized via hydrothermal reaction and the electromagnetic wave absorption properties of the composites were investigated in detail. As a result, benefiting from the dielectric loss, the as-obtained ZnO/NiCo2O4-7 samples possessed a minimum reflection loss value of −33.49 dB at 18.0 GHz with the thickness of 4.99 mm. This work indicates that ZnO/NiCo2O4 composites have the promising candidate applications in electromagnetic wave absorption materials in the future.

Obtaining multifunctional materials with desired properties for astronautics is a challenge. In this work, carbon nanofiber (CNF) and SiC-CNF aerogel films are fabricated using bacterial cellulose as scaffolds, which offer industrial-scale production and excellent mechanical strength and stability. The produced aerogel films demonstrate excellent microwave absorption and low thermal conductivity properties. Further, the microwave absorption properties of the aerogels were significantly enhanced due to the proper impedance matching and interface polarizations following the in situ growth of SiC nanowires. In consequence, SiC-CNF aerogel films show enhanced electromagnetic wave absorption, including the minimum reflection loss of −53.3 dB and low thermal conductivity of 0.046 W/m·K at 200 °C. Our work can provide new insight into the fabrication of multifunctional ceramic aerogels for critical applications. The SiC nanowire-carbon nanofiber (SiC-CNFs) aerogels were fabricated, and the as-obtained samples possessed excellent microwave absorption and thermal insulation properties.

Asicimbex koreanus Yan & Wei sp. nov. Fig. 7 Material examined. Holotype, female, South Korea: [GG] Hwaseong-gun, 24 May 1992, H. J. Lee (YNU). Paratypes, 4 females and 1 male, data as holotype. Diagnosis. A. koreanus Yan & Wei sp. nov. is quite close to A. malaisei (Gussakovskij, 1947) comb. nov. from Ussuri of Russia. It differs from the latter by the following characters: the apical club of antenna longer than antennomere 3 and about 1.6 × as long as antennomeres 4 and 5 together; cenchrus very narrow and about 4 × as long as broad; the dorsum of mesoscutellum densely punctured; the upper half of mesepisternum densely punctured mixed with wrinkles; the lateral carina of the first abdominal tergum roundly curved, the anterior corner not angulate; the apex of the middle process of the seventh sternum acute; the black macula on dorsum of head not subquadrate, with three processes; the apical margin of fore wing without smoky macula; lancet with 56 serrulae, the distance between middle serrulae broader than 2 × breadth of a serrula. Description. Holotype, female. Body length 21 mm (Fig. 7A). Color. Head and antenna yellowish brown, dorsum with a M-shaped black macula, clypeus and mouthparts largely yellow brown (Fig. 7C, E); thorax largely black, narrow posterior margin and broad lateral margin of pronotum, anterior part of tegula, mesoscutellum, dorsum of metascutellum, posterior 3/4 of mesepisternum above carina and posterior half of katepimeron, metepisternum largely yellowish brown (Fig. 7F); abdomen yellowish brown, dorsal side of terga 1-3 entirely, broad triangular middle macula on tergum 4 and narrow basal margin of tergum 5 black, narrow lateral margin of tergum 1, tergum 4 except for middle triangular macula, tergum 5 almost entirely, broad quadrate middle macula on terga 6-8 pale yellow brown, lateral part of terga 6-8 dark brown (Fig. 7G, H), sterna largely dark brown (Fig. 7I); fore wing distinctly infuscate, outer margin of fore wing without narrow smoky maculae, cells 2Rs, 3Rs, 2M, 3M, 1Cu, 2Cu and 2A largely subhyaline, veins and pterostigma pale brow; hind wing very feebly infuscate; legs largely yellowish brown, middle and hind coxae, trochanters and femora largely black, tarsi yellowish white (Fig. 7A, J). Head. Dorsum of head with minute punctures, clypeus smooth, with strong luster (Fig. 7C, 7E). Clypeus elevated, anterior margin roundly incised; labrum as long as broad, apex round; malar space 1.7 × diameter of middle ocellus; postocellar area 2 × broader than long, middle furrow weak; lateral furrows distinct, feebly divergent backwards; POL: OOL: OCL = 3: 5: 6; head behind eyes weakly enlarged (Fig. 7C). Antenna 1.6 × head breadth, club breadth 2.2 × apical breadth of antennomere 3, club length 1.1 × as long as antennomere 3 and 1.6 × combined length of antennomeres 4 and 5 (Fig. 7D), antennomere 3 as long as longest axis of eye. Thorax. Mesonotum minutely and densely punctured (Fig. 7B); scutellum roundly elevated without middle furrow, dorsum densely punctured; mesepisternum above carina densely and minutely punctured mixed with microsculptures, oblique carina on mesopleuron sharp, mesepimeron largely polished, shiny (Fig. 7F); cenchri very narrow and about 4 × as long as broad, distance between inner margin of cenchri 2.8 × longest axis of a cenchrus (Fig. 7B). Abdomen. Abdominal tergum 1 minutely punctured mixed with microsculptures, without lateral smooth patch; lateral carina low and obtuse, anterior and posterior corners round, posterior margin with broad and deep incision, bottom round (Fig. 7G); middle process of sternum 7 broad and triangular, basal breadth about 1/3 breadth of sternite 7; lance long and slender, subapical annuli clearly broadened, total length of annuli 5.4 × height of 13th annulus, first annulus 1.8 × as high as broad (Fig. 7L); lancet with 57 annuli and 56 serrulae (Fig. 7L), middle serrulae weakly narrowed toward truncate apex, each side with 4-5 large subbasal teeth, distance between middle serrulae 2.2 × basal breadth of serrulae (Fig. 7M). Male. Color and structure similar to female. Genitalia not examined. Distribution. South Korea. Host plant. Unknown., Published as part of Yan, Yu-Chen, Yan, Wen-Long, Deng, Tie-Jun & Wei, Mei-Cai, 2022, Asicimbex Yan, Deng & Wei, a new genus with eight new species and four new combinations (Hymenoptera, Cimbicidae), pp. 265-308 in Journal of Hymenoptera Research 91 on page 265, DOI: 10.3897/jhr.91.83710

Asicimbex nanjingensis Yan & Wei sp. nov. Fig. 12 Material examined. Holotype, female, China: Jiangsu Province, Nanjing City, Zhongshanling, July 2007, leg. Meicai Wei. Paratype, 1 male, same data as holotype (ASMN). Diagnosis. This new species is most similar to A. concavicaputus Yan & Wei sp. nov. but differs from it by the following characters: antennomere 3 as long as the longest axis of eye; malar space shorter than the basal 2 antennomeres together; the anterior smoky stripe of fore wing extending to the apex; head with dorsal black macula remote from eyes; posterior of postocellar area not concave at middle; the first annulus of lance 2.2 × as high as long. Description. Holotype, female. Body length 15 mm (Fig. 12A). Color. Head dark brown (Fig. 12C, F), frontal area and ocellar area blackish brown; antenna brown at base, dark brown at apex. Thorax black (Fig. 12E, I), posterior margin of pronotum, anepimeron, tegula, metascutellum and lateral carina, metanotum, a large macula on posterior of mesepisternum, middle suture of metepisternum, metepimeron largely reddish brown; abdomen dark brown (Fig. 12L, M), tergum 1 except both lateral margins black, tergum 2 blackish brown, basal margin of terga 3-8 black. Legs reddish brown, middle and hind coxae, trochanters and stripes on outer side of femora brownish black. Fore wings smoky in anterior half and hyaline in posterior half (Fig. 12A), veins pale brown, stigma yellowish brown; hind wing weakly infuscate. Head. Head densely and minutely punctured dorsally, clypeus sparsely punctured, surface smooth with strong luster; anterior incisions of clypeus deep and round; labrum small, broader than long; malar space 1.6 × diameter of middle ocellus; postocellar area 1.5 × broader than long; without middle furrow; lateral furrows narrow, subparallel; POL: OOL: OCL = 5: 8: 11. Head clearly dilated behind eye in dorsal view (Fig. 12C, F). Antenna about 1.6 × broader than head breadth, club breadth about 2.2 × apical breadth of antennomere 3, club length 1.1 × length of antennomere 3, antennomere 3 as long as the longest axis of eyes (Fig. 12H). Thorax. Mesonotum, mesopleuron deeply and densely punctured, interspace between punctures microsculptured (Fig. 12E, I). Notauli broad and deep; lower margin of metapleuron with obtuse oblique carina; mesoscutellum roundly elevated without middle furrow; cenchri elliptical, distance between cenchri about 3 × the longest axis of a cenchrus; metascutellum triangularly protruded upwards (Fig. 12E). Abdomen. Abdominal terga with fine and dense microsculptures (Fig. 12L, M). Tergum 1 with distinct lateral carina at anterior 2/3, hind corner pointed, distinctly protruded, posterior margin broadly and very deeply incised to a depth about 3/4 lateral length of tergum; middle process of sternum 7 broad, apex roundish, basal breadth about 1/3 breadth of sternite 7. Lancet with 42 serrulae (Fig. 12N); middle serrulae distinctly narrowed toward blunt apex with 4-5 proximal and 5-6 distal subbasal teeth, distance between serrulae 2.6 × basal breadth of a serrula (Fig. 12O); lance short and broad, subapical annuli feebly broadened, total length of annuli 3.6 × height of 13th annulus, first annulus 2.2 × as high as broad (Fig. 12L). Male. Body length 20 mm (Fig. 12B). Body color and structures similar to female, but differs from the latter in the following characters: fore coxae and femora distinctly prolonged (Fig. 12P), middle and hind coxae and femora distinctly enlarged and extended, coxae prismatic with edges, shiny. Subgenital plate roundish at apex. Penis valve broad as shown in Fig. 12K, gonoforceps as shown in Fig. 12J. Distribution. China (Jiangsu). Etymology. The species name is derived from its type locality, Nanjing. Host plant. Unknown., Published as part of Yan, Yu-Chen, Yan, Wen-Long, Deng, Tie-Jun & Wei, Mei-Cai, 2022, Asicimbex Yan, Deng & Wei, a new genus with eight new species and four new combinations (Hymenoptera, Cimbicidae), pp. 265-308 in Journal of Hymenoptera Research 91 on page 265, DOI: 10.3897/jhr.91.83710

Asicimbex malaisei (Gussakovskij, 1947) comb. nov., New record for China Fig. 11 Agenocimbex malaisei Gussakovskij, 1947: 30, 32. Material examined. 1 female, China: Heilongjiang Province, Shangzhi, Mt. Mao’er, 4 June 2014, leg. Jun Xu (ASMN). Diagnosis. This new species is most similar to A. koreanus Yan & Wei sp. nov. but differs from the latter by the following characters: the black macula on dorsum of head subquadrate; the apical club of antenna as long as antennomere 3, about 1.3 × as long as antennomeres 4 and 5 together; cenchrus normal, about 3 × as long as broad; the dorsum of mesoscutellum sparsely punctured; the upper half of mesepisternum sparsely punctured, wrinkles indistinct; the lateral carina of the first abdominal tergum roundly curved only in posterior half, anterior corner angulate; lancet with 48 serrulae, the distance between the middle serrulae about 2 × breadth of a serrula; lance slender with the first annulus 1.8 × as high as broad. Description. Not type, female. Body length 21 mm (Fig. 11A). Color. Head and antenna yellowish brown, dorsum with a subquadrate black macula, clypeus and mouthparts largely yellow brown (Fig. 11C, E); thorax largely black, very narrow posterior margin and narrow lateral margin of pronotum, mesoscutellum, dorsum of metascutellum, posterior 3/4 of mesepisternum above carina and posterior stripe of katepimeron, metepisternum largely dark brown (Fig. 11B, F); abdomen mostly dark brown, dorsal side of terga 1-3 entirely, broad triangular middle macula on tergum 4 and narrow basal margin of tergum 5 black, narrow lateral margin of tergum 1, tergum 4 except for middle triangular macula, tergum 5 almost entirely yellowish brown, broad quadrate middle macula on terga 6-8 pale brown (Fig. 11G), lateral part of sterna 4-6 and most of sternum 7 pale brown (Fig. 11H, K); fore wing infuscate in anterior half, outer margin of fore wing with narrow smoky macula, cells 2Rs, base of 3Rs, 2M, most of 3M, apical 2/5 of 1Cu, 2Cu and 2A largely subhyaline, veins and pterostigma pale brown; hind wing faintly infuscate; legs largely yellowish brown, middle and hind coxae, trochanters and femora largely black, tarsi largely yellowish white (Fig. 11A, I, J). Head. Dorsum of head with minute punctures, clypeus smooth, with strong luster (Fig. 11C, E). Clypeus elevated, anterior margin roundly incised; labrum as long as broad, apex round; malar space 1.5 × diameter of middle ocellus; postocellar area 2 × broader than long, middle furrow weak; lateral furrows distinct, feebly divergent backwards; POL: OOL: OCL = 3: 5: 6; head behind eyes distinctly enlarged (Fig. 11C). Antenna 1.5 × head breadth, club breadth 2.2 × apical breadth of antennomere 3, club length 1.1 × as long as antennomere 3 and 1.3 × combined length of antennomeres 4 and 5 (Fig. 11D), antennomere 3 as long as longest axis of eye. Thorax. Mesonotum minutely and densely punctured (Fig. 11F); scutellum roundly elevated without middle longitudinal furrow, dorsum densely punctured, anterior slope sparsely punctured; mesepisternum above carina sparsely punctured, wrinkles indistinct; oblique carina on mesopleuron sharp, mesepimeron largely polished, shiny (Fig. 11B); cenchri very narrow and about 4 × as long as broad, distance between inner margin of cenchri 3 × longest axis of a cenchrus (Fig. 11B). Abdomen. Abdominal tergum 1 minutely punctured mixed with microsculptures, without lateral smooth patch; lateral carina low and obtuse, anterior corner angulate, posterior corner round, posterior margin with broad and deep incision, bottom round (Fig. 11G); middle process of sternum 7 broad, apex roundish, basal breadth about 1/3 breadth of sternite 7 (Fig. 11K); lance long and slender, subapical annuli clearly broadened, total length of annuli 5.2 × height of 13th annulus, first annulus 1.5 × as high as broad (Fig. 11M); lancet with 57 annuli and 56 serrulae (Fig. 11M), middle serrulae weakly narrowed toward truncate apex, each side with 3-4 large subbasal teeth, distance between middle serrulae 2 × basal breadth of serrulae (Fig. 11N). Male. Color and structure similar to female. Genitalia not examined. Description of male see (Gussakovskij 1947). Distribution. China (Heilongjiang); Russia (Ussuri). Host plant. Unknown. Remarks. Gussakovskij (Gussakovskij 1947) described this species and discussed the possibility of it being the male of Asicimbex eous (Semenov 1935). But, the difference with A. eous are the outer margin of fore wing with narrow smoky macula; the mesoscutellum without middle longitudinal furrow, dorsum densely punctured; anterior slope sparsely punctured; the middle process of female sternum 7 narrow triangular, basal breadth much shorter than height and about 1/6 breadth of the sternum; the pattern of subbasal teeth, distance between middle serrulae 2 × basal breadth of serrulae; the lateral carina of abdominal tergum 1 low and obtuse, anterior corner angulate, posterior corner round. These characteristics indicate that A. malaisei and A. eous are distinct species., Published as part of Yan, Yu-Chen, Yan, Wen-Long, Deng, Tie-Jun & Wei, Mei-Cai, 2022, Asicimbex Yan, Deng & Wei, a new genus with eight new species and four new combinations (Hymenoptera, Cimbicidae), pp. 265-308 in Journal of Hymenoptera Research 91 on page 265, DOI: 10.3897/jhr.91.83710, {"references":["Gussakovskij, V, 1947. Insectes Hymenopteres Chalastrogastra 2. Fauna SSSR 2: 1 - 235","Semenov, A, 1935. Ad Cognitionem Cimbicinorum. Notulae Entomologicae 15: 8 - 11"]}

Asicimbex lii Yan & Wei sp. nov. Fig. 9 Material examined. Holotype, female, China: Liaoning Province, Haicheng City, Jiulongchuan, 40.624°N, 123.096°E, 650 m, 10 May 2017, leg. Zejian Li (ASMN). Diagnosis. This new species is most similar to A. malaisei (Gussakovskij, 1947) but differs from the latter by the following characters: the lateral sides and posterior end of mesoscutal middle lobe and the inner side of mesoscutal lateral lobes yellowish brown; the dorsum of head with a narrow M-shaped black macula; the pale lateral stripe and pale posterior margin of the first abdominal tergum connected in front of the roundish lateral black macula; the third tergum with a distinct lateral pale macula, the pale macula on terga 6-8 distinct and about 4 × broader than long; cenchri broad, distance between cenchri 2.2 × the longest axis of a cenchrus; distance between the middle serrulae narrower than 2 × the breadth of a serrula; and the total length of annuli of lance 4.8 × height of 13th annulus. Description. Holotype, female. Body length 20.5 mm (Fig. 9A). Color. Head and antenna orange brown, dorsum of head with a narrow M-shaped black macula, clypeus yellowish brown (Fig. 9B, C); thorax black, posterior margin and lateral lobe of pronotum, tegula, lateral sides and posterior end of mesoscutal middle lobe and inner side of mesoscutal lateral lobe, mesoscutellum and dorsum of metascutellum, mesepisternum above carina largely, posterior half of katepimeron, lower part of metepisternum, middle of mesosternum yellowish brown (Fig. 9D, G); abdomen yellowish brown, following parts black: a transverse anterior band and a small round lateral macula on tergum 1, tergum 2 entirely, tergum 3 except for lateral small macula, a large triangular middle macula and narrow posterior margin of tergum 4, tergum 5 except for narrow anterior margin, lateral macula on terga 6-8 (Fig. 9E), an anterior small macula on ventral fold of terga 3-8 (Fig. 9H), and basal macula on sterna 3-7; pale middle macula of terga 6-8 same size, about 3 × broader than long. Fore wing distinctly infuscate, cells 2M, 3M, 2Cu and 2A largely subhyaline, veins and pterostigma largely brown to pale brown; hind wing weakly infuscate at apex (Fig. 9A); legs largely yellowish brown, middle and hind coxae with black longitudinal stripes ventrally and dorsally, trochanters and femora largely blackish brown (Fig. 9A, H). Head. Dorsum of head with minute punctures, clypeus smooth with strong luster (Fig. 9B, C). Clypeus elevated, anterior margin narrowly and deeply incised; labrum small and triangle, long than broad; malar space 1.8 × diameter of middle ocellus; postocellar area 2.1 × broader than long, middle furrow weak; lateral furrows distinct, slightly divergent backwards; POL: OOL: OCL = 3.5: 4: 6; head behind eyes weakly enlarged (Fig. 9B, C); antenna 1.6 × head breadth, club breadth 2.4 × apical breadth of antennomere 3, club length 1.3 × length of antennomere 3 (Fig. 9F), antennomere 3 as long as longest axis of eye. Thorax. Mesonotum very densely punctured (Fig. 9D), mesopleuron densely and minutely punctured, interspaces between punctures microsculptured; mesoscutellum roundly elevated, without middle furrow; mesopleuron with a distinct oblique carina; cenchrus elliptical, distance between inner margin of cenchri 2.2 × longest axis of a cenchrus. Abdomen. Abdominal tergum 1 with minute punctures and microsculptures, other terga finely and densely microsculptured, ovipositor sheath largely smooth (Fig. 9E, H). Tergum 1 with low but distinct lateral carina, anterior corner roundish; posterior margin very deeply and roundly incised (Fig. 9E); middle process of sternum 7 broad and triangular, basal breadth about 1/3 breadth of sternite 7; lance narrow and long, subapical annuli clearly broadened, total length of annuli 4.8 × height of 13th annulus, first annulus 1.5 × as high as broad (Fig. 9K); lancet with 47 serrulae (Fig. 9K), middle serrulae weakly narrowed toward truncate apex, each side with 3-4 large subbasal teeth, distance between middle serrulae 1.8 × basal breadth of serrulae (Fig. 9L). Male. Unknown. Distribution. China (Liaoning). Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the last name of collector of the holotype. Host plant. Unknown., Published as part of Yan, Yu-Chen, Yan, Wen-Long, Deng, Tie-Jun & Wei, Mei-Cai, 2022, Asicimbex Yan, Deng & Wei, a new genus with eight new species and four new combinations (Hymenoptera, Cimbicidae), pp. 265-308 in Journal of Hymenoptera Research 91 on page 265, DOI: 10.3897/jhr.91.83710

Asicimbex Yan, Deng & Wei gen. nov. Type species. Agenocimbex ulmusvorus Yang, 1996. Diagnosis. The new genus is similar to Agenocimbex Rohwer 1910 and Cimbex Olivier 1791. Asicimbex differs from Agenocimbex by the following characters: a crossvein present between 2A and 3A in hind wing (Fig. 1I); the malar space about 1.6-2.3 × diameter of middle ocellus (Fig. 2A); the head dilated behind eyes in dorsal view (Fig. 2E); the clypeus clearly elevated in middle, apical breadth shorter than distance between anterior tentorial pits, anterior incision narrow and deep (Fig. 2A); posterior margin of the abdominal tergum 1 broadly and deeply incised (Fig. 1A, B); the ovipositor distinctly longer than middle tibia (Figs 5H, 7H); the lancet narrow and long, dorsal margins with dense and long hairs, with about 50 serrulae (Fig. 2M); the serrulae short and small, truncate apically and not distinctly protruding beyond cypsella (Fig. 2Q); the valviceps of penis valve very broad and transverse (Fig. 2U). Asicimbex differs from Cimbex by having the body quite slender (Fig. 1A, B), the lateral part of head weakly dilated behind eyes in dorsal view (Fig. 2E); the inner spur of hind tibia slender, and longer than apical breadth of tibia with pointed apex (Fig. 2I), the malar space short, about 1.6-2.3 × diameter of middle ocellus (Fig. 2A); the anterior of fore wing with longitudinal smoky band (Fig. 1A, B); the serrulae small and remote to each other, apex truncate and not strongly protruding beyond cypsella (Fig. 2Q). Asicimbex differs from Palaeocimbex Semenov 1935 by having the body more slender, head weakly dilated behind eyes in dorsal view (Fig. 2E); clypeus broader than long and with a distinct and broad basin in upper third (Fig. 2A); the inner spur of hind tibia slender, and longer than apical breadth of tibia with pointed apex (Fig. 2I); the malar space short, about 1.6-2.3 × diameter of middle ocellus (Fig. 2A); the valviceps of penis valve transverse (Fig. 2U); crepidium of lancet clearly below the lower third (Fig. 2M), the annular spines very long and dense with the cypsella densely pilose (Fig. 2Q). In Agenocimbex Rohwer 1910, the crossvein between anal veins absent in hind wing (Fig. 1J); the malar space narrower than diameter of ocellus (Fig. 2B); the head behind eyes very short and distinctly constricted in dorsal view (Fig. 2F); the clypeus flat, not elevated in middle, apical margins broader than distance between anterior tentorial pit, anterior incision very shallow and flat (Fig. 2B); the posterior margin of the first abdominal tergum quite shallowly incised (Fig. 1C, D); the ovipositor sheath clearly shorter than middle tibia; the lancet triangular and short, dorsal margins without dense and long hairs, with about 25 serrulae (Fig. 2N); the serrulae convex, apex pointed and strongly protruding beyond cypsella (Fig. 2R); the penis valve narrow, long and triangular (Fig. 2V). In Cimbex Olivier 1791 (excluding species of Palaeocimbex), the body very stout (Fig. 1E, F); the lateral part of head strongly dilated behind eyes in dorsal view (Fig. 2G); the apical spurs of hind tibia stout and shorter than apical breadth of tibia, apex blunt and membranous (Fig. 2K); the malar space very long, at least 3 × diameter of middle ocellus (Fig. 2C); the fore wing without longitudinal smoky band (Fig. 1K); the serrulae convex and close to each other, apex round and strongly protruding beyond cypsella (Fig. 2S). In Palaeocimbex Semenov 1935, the body very stout and strong (Fig. 1G, H); the lateral part of head strongly dilated behind eyes in dorsal view (Fig. 2H); clypeus as long as broad and without a distinct and broad basin in upper third (clypeus and supraclypeal area merged together) (Fig. 2D); the apical spurs of hind tibia stout and shorter than apical breadth of tibia, apex blunt and membranous (Fig. 2L); the malar space very long, at least 3 × diameter of middle ocellus (Fig. 2D); the valviceps of penis valve clearly oblique (Fig. 2X); crepidium of lancet at middle of the lancet, the annular spines very short and less dense, with the cypsella largely naked (Fig. 2T). Description. Female. Body medium to large-sized, without metallic luster, head and thorax with short hairs mixed with sparse long hairs. Head. Clypeus distinctly elevated in middle, broader than distance between lower margins of eyes, anterior with small incision medially (Fig. 3C); labrum tongue-shaped, short and small, narrower than 1/4 breadth of clypeus; mandibles asymmetrical, short and broad, without basal petiole, inner tooth distinct (Fig. 10E); malar space about 1.6-2.3 × diameter of middle ocellus (Fig. 3C); supraclypeal furrow absent but with shallow depressions; eyes large, inner margins feebly convergent downwards (Figs 3C, 6D); frontal area flat, without distinct frontal ridge; postocellar furrow distinct (Fig. 3D); postocellar area broader than long with weak middle furrow, lateral furrows distinct; head behind eyes weakly dilated and much shorter than eyes in dorsal view (Fig. 3D), without occipital carina. Antenna not longer than 2 × head breadth, with 5 antennomeres before club, antennomere 4 almost as long as antennomere 5, club indistinctly segmented (Fig. 3F). Thorax. Mesonotum with middle furrow and lateral furrows narrow but distinct (Fig. 3G); mesoscutellum elevated, anterior margin straight, roundly narrowed backwards; cenchri small. Anterior of forewing with a longitudinal smoky stripe (faded in dried specimens), anal cell with a short and straight crossvein at about basal 2/5; a crossvein present in hind wing between 2A and 3A (Fig. 1I). Legs. Coxae and femora simple, denticle absent (Fig. 7H); inner apical spur of hind tibia slender, longer than apical breadth of tibia with pointed apex (Fig. 2I); claw large and distinctly bent, proximal teeth shorter than distal teeth (Fig. 2Y); tarsal pulvilli developed, close to each other (Fig. 3E). Abdomen. Abdominal tergum 1 without middle carina (Fig. 3I), lateral carina present or absent, posterior margin with broad and deep incision, and a large membranous patch. Ovipositor sheath longer than middle tibia, apex clearly protruded beyond end of abdomen (Fig. 3J, L); lance long, usually weakly broadened beyond apex, apical incision and a hook distinct (Fig. 2M); lancet narrow and long, weakly tapering toward apex with 42-56 serrulae, serrulae small and remote to each other, hardly protruding beyond apex of cypsella, annular spines very long and dense, cypsella densely pilose (Fig. 2Q), crepidium of lancet clearly below the lower third of lancet (Fig. 2M). Male. Structure similar to female except for following parts: anterior incision of clypeus more clear than female (Fig. 1B); subgenital plate slightly longer than broad, apical margin round; middle and hind coxae and femora elongated with carina; hind femora distinctly swollen, about twice as broad as trochanter (Fig. 1L). Etymology. The generic name Asicimbex comes from the genus Cimbex with a prefix " Asi " referring to Asia, the distribution area of the new genus. Gender masculine. Distribution. East and North China, Far East of Russia, Korea. Discussion. In the key to tribes and genera of Cimbicinae, Gussakovskij (Gussakovskij 1947) keyed Agenocimbex within the taxa with a cross vein between hind anal veins. We guess that he did not examine specimens of Agenocimbex jucunda Mocsáry (now A. maculatus). Both A. eous and A. malaisei, the two other species of Agenocimbex that he examined, really had a cross vein between the hind anal veins and led him to think that the anal cross vein was present in all species of Agenocimbex, though A. maculatus has in fact no cross vein between the anal veins in the hind wing. The color pattern of Palaeocimbex amurensis (Forsius, 1930) from Northeastern Asia is similar to some species of Asicimbex. Though the states of tibial spurs and serrulae are not known to the authors, its clypeus is as long as broad, the malar space is quite long and the forewing with smoky stripe covering cells 2Rs and 3Rs (Forsius 1930). These characters support it as a member of Palaeocimbex and close to P. carinulata. Host plant. Ulmus spp. of Ulmaceae (Yang and Li 1996; Yang and Wu 1998; Wu et al. 2001). The new genus and the 12 known species of the genus can be identified using the following keys., Published as part of Yan, Yu-Chen, Yan, Wen-Long, Deng, Tie-Jun & Wei, Mei-Cai, 2022, Asicimbex Yan, Deng & Wei, a new genus with eight new species and four new combinations (Hymenoptera, Cimbicidae), pp. 265-308 in Journal of Hymenoptera Research 91 on page 265, DOI: 10.3897/jhr.91.83710, {"references":["Semenov, A, 1935. Ad Cognitionem Cimbicinorum. Notulae Entomologicae 15: 8 - 11","Gussakovskij, V, 1947. Insectes Hymenopteres Chalastrogastra 2. Fauna SSSR 2: 1 - 235","Forsius, R, 1930. Ueber Einige Neue Asiatische Tenthredinoiden. Notulae Entomologicae 10: 30 - 38","Yang, C, Li, M, 1996. A New Specics of the Genus Agenocimbex (Hymenoptera: Symphyta: Cimbicidae) from China. Journal of Anhui Agricultural University 23: 5 - 7","Yang, Y, Wu, S, 1998. A Study on the Cimbicid Sawfly, Cimbex japonica (Hymenoptera Cimbicidae). Scientia Silvae Sinicae 34: 63 - 66","Wu, X, Gao, X, Chen, D, Wang, W, 2001. Primary Research on Tianshui (Agenocimbex elmina Li et Wu). Journal of Northwest Forestry College 16: 50 - 51"]}

Asicimbex maculotegularis Yan & Wei sp. nov. Fig. 10 Material examined. Holotype, female, China: Liaoning Province, Benxi, Mt. Bapanling, 16 May 2017, Ruifen Huang (ASMN). Diagnosis. A. maculotegularis Yan & Wei sp. nov. is close to A. eous (Semenov, 1935) but differs from the latter by the following characters: Tegula largely black; the lateral side of the first abdominal tergum yellowish brown; the 4th abdominal tergum with a small middle black macula; the middle and hind tibiae reddish brown; the first abdominal tergum with middle part distinctly produced; lancet with 51 serrulae, distance between the middle serrulae 2.2 × breadth of a serrula. Description. Holotype, female. Body length 18.5 mm (Fig. 10A). Color. Head and antenna dark yellowish brown, dorsum with a subquadrate black macula covering ocellar area, frons, inner half of inner orbit, lateral and middle foveae, clypeus and mouthparts largely yellow brown (Fig. 10C, E); thorax black, pronotum largely, anterior third of tegula, mesoscutellum, dorsum of metascutellum, posterior half of mesepisternum above carina and posterior half of katepimeron, posterior stripe of metepisternum yellowish brown (Fig. 10B, F); dorsum of abdomen black, lateral margin of tergum 1, 4th tergum except for middle triangular macula, 5th tergum almost entirely and middle third of terga 6-8 pale yellowish brown, lateral part of terga 6-8 blackish brown (Fig. 10G, H), venter of abdomen dark brown, lateral macula on sterna 4-6 and sternum 7 yellowish brown (Fig. 10I); fore wing distinctly infuscate in anterior half, outer margin without narrow smoky macula, cells 2M, 3M, 2Cu and 2A largely subhyaline, veins and pterostigma pale brown; hind wing very feebly infuscate; legs largely yellowish brown, middle and hind coxae, trochanters and femora largely black (Fig. 10A). Head. Dorsum of head with minute punctures, clypeus largely smooth, with strong luster (Fig. 10B, C, E). Clypeus elevated, anterior margin roundly incised; labrum small and triangular, slightly broader than long; malar space 1.7 × diameter of middle ocellus; postocellar area 2.1 × broader than long, middle furrow weak; lateral furrows distinct, divergent backwards; POL: OOL: OCL = 3: 5: 6; head behind eyes weakly enlarged (Fig. 10C); antenna 1.6 × head breadth, club breadth 2 × apical breadth of antennomere 3, club length 1.1 × as long as antennomere 3 and 1.38 × the combined length of antennomeres 4 and 5 (Fig. 10D), antennomere 3 as long as longest axis of eye. Thorax. Mesonotum densely punctured (Fig. 10B); scutellum strongly elevated with a broad and deep middle furrow, sparsely punctured; mesepisternum above carina densely but shallowly punctured mixed with microsculptures, oblique carina on mesopleuron sharp, mesepimeron largely polished, shiny (Fig. 10F); cenchri elliptical, distance between inner margin of cenchri 2.3 × the longest axis of a cenchrus (Fig. 10B). Abdomen. Abdominal tergum 1 minutely punctured mixed with microsculptures, without lateral smooth patch; lateral carina low but recognizable, anterior corner blunt, posterior corner roundish; posterior margin with broad and incision, bottom not round with obtuse middle process (Fig. 10G, H); middle process of sternum 7 narrow and triangular, basal breadth about 1/6 breadth of sternite 7; lance long and slender, subapical annuli clearly broadened, total length of annuli 5.3 × height of 13th annulus, first annulus 1.8 × as high as broad (Fig. 10J); lancet with 52 annuli and 51 serrulae (Fig. 10J), middle serrulae weakly narrowed toward truncate apex, each side with 4-5 large subbasal teeth, distance between middle serrulae 2.2 × basal breadth of serrulae (Fig. 10K). Male. Unknown. Distribution. Russia (Ussuri, Vladivostok). Host plant. Unknown., Published as part of Yan, Yu-Chen, Yan, Wen-Long, Deng, Tie-Jun & Wei, Mei-Cai, 2022, Asicimbex Yan, Deng & Wei, a new genus with eight new species and four new combinations (Hymenoptera, Cimbicidae), pp. 265-308 in Journal of Hymenoptera Research 91 on page 265, DOI: 10.3897/jhr.91.83710

Asicimbex eous (Semenov, 1935) comb. nov. Fig. 6 Agenocimbex eoa Semenov, 1935, 15. 9-11. Material examined. 1 female, &YAcy;&kcy;o&vcy;&lcy;o&vcy;&kcy;&acy; &Scy;&tscy;&acy;&scy;. &ucy;. &Ucy;&scy;&scy;&rcy;, &kcy;&rcy;, 23 May 1926, &Dcy;&hardcy;&yacy;&kcy;o&ncy;&vcy; &Fcy;&icy;&lcy;&icy;&ncy;&pcy;&hardcy;&iecy;&vcy;; Agenocimbex eoa Sem., &female;, Gussakovskij, det.; Asicimbex eous (Semenov, 1935), Det. M.C. Wei, 2022 (Fig. 6K) (NHRS). Diagnosis. A. eous (Semenov, 1935) is close to A. maculotegularis Yan & Wei sp. nov., but differs from the latter by the following characters: tegula entirely yellow brown; the lateral side of the first abdominal tergum black; the 4th abdominal tergum with a large middle black macula; the middle and hind tibiae yellowish brown; the middle of first abdominal tergum not produced; the female lancet with 55 serrulae, distance between the middle serrulae 2.6 × basal breadth of serrulae. Description. Not type, female. Body length 16-18 mm (Fig. 6A). Color. Head brown, dorsum with a quadrate black macula covering ocellar area, frons, inner half of inner orbit, lateral and middle foveae, clypeus and mouthparts largely yellow brown (Fig. 6D), antenna dark reddish brown (Fig. 6C); thorax black, pronotum largely, tegula, mesoscutellum, dorsum of metascutellum, posterior half of mesepisternum and of katepimeron, posterior stripe of metapleuron yellowish brown (Fig. 6H); abdomen yellowish brown, dorsal side of terga 1-3 black, broad middle macula on tergum 4 black and laterally yellow brown, tergum 5 yellow brown except for a small triangular macula at middle anteriorly, lateral part of terga 6-8 dark brown, pale macula at middle of terga 6-8 of gradually shortened (Fig. 6M); fore wing smoky, outer margin of fore wing without narrow smoky maculae, cells 3Rs, 2M, 3M, 1Cu, 2Cu and 2A largely subhyaline, veins and pterostigma pale brown; hind wing very feebly infuscate; legs largely yellowish brown, middle and hind coxae, trochanters and femora largely black (Fig. 6A). Head. Dorsum of head with minute punctures, clypeus smooth, with strong luster (Fig. 6B, D). Clypeus elevated, anterior margin roundly incised; labrum small and triangular, slightly longer than broad; malar space 2 × diameter of middle ocellus; postocellar area 2.1 × broader than long, middle furrow weak; lateral furrows distinct, divergent backwards; POL: OOL: OCL = 3: 5: 6; head behind eyes weakly enlarged (Fig. 6B). Antenna 1.4 × head breadth, club breadth 2.3 × apical breadth of antennomere 3, club length 1.2 × as long as antennomere 3 (Fig. 6C), antennomere 3 as long as longest axis of eye. Thorax. Mesonotum densely punctured (Fig. 6I); scutellum strongly elevated, sparsely and minutely punctured, with a broad and deep longitudinal furrow occupying middle 1/4; mesepisternum above carina densely punctured mixed with microsculptures, oblique carina on mesopleuron sharp, mesepimeron largely polished, shiny (Fig. 6H); cenchri narrow, distance between inner margin of cenchri 2.5 × the longest axis of a cenchrus (Fig. 6I). Abdomen. Abdominal tergum 1 minutely punctured mixed with microsculptures, without lateral smooth patch; lateral carina obtuse, anterior corner blunt but distinct, posterior corner roundish; posterior margin with broad and deep incision, bottom round (Fig. 6I, M); middle process of sternum 7 narrow and triangular, basal breadth about 1/6 breadth of sternite 7; lance long and slender, subapical annuli clearly broadened, total length of annuli 5 × height of 13th annulus, first annulus 1.8 × as high as broad (Fig. 6L); lancet with 56 annuli and 55 serrulae (Fig. 6L), middle serrulae weakly narrowed toward truncate apex, each side with 4-5 large subbasal teeth, distance between middle serrulae 2.6 × basal breadth of serrulae (Fig. 6N). Male. Unknown. Distribution. Russia (Ussuri, Vladivostok). Host plant. Unknown., Published as part of Yan, Yu-Chen, Yan, Wen-Long, Deng, Tie-Jun & Wei, Mei-Cai, 2022, Asicimbex Yan, Deng & Wei, a new genus with eight new species and four new combinations (Hymenoptera, Cimbicidae), pp. 265-308 in Journal of Hymenoptera Research 91 on page 265, DOI: 10.3897/jhr.91.83710

Asicimbex concavicaputus Yan & Wei sp. nov. Fig. 3 Material examined. Holotype female, China: Henan Province, Lushi County, Yuhuangshan National Forest Park, 1720 m, 33°44.46'N, 110°49.900'E, 30 April 2019, leg. Shuxin Liu, Yiwen Zhang, (ASMN). Diagnosis. The species is similar to A. nanjingensis Yan & Wei sp. nov., but it differs from the latter in the following characters: the antennomere 3 shorter than longest axis of eye; malar space as long as the basal 2 antennomeres together; the anterior smoky stripe of the fore wing not extending to apex; head with the dorsal black macula broadly touching eyes laterally; posterior of the postocellar area distinctly concave at the middle; the fourth abdominal tergum yellowish brown; the bottom of the posterior incision of the first tergum broadly truncate; the dorsum of mesoscutellum sparsely punctured, the surface smooth; and the first annulus of lance 2.7 × as high as long. Description. Holotype, female. Body length 16 mm (Fig. 3A). Color. Head dark yellowish brown (Fig. 3C), dorsum with a large quadrate black macula covering inner orbit, frontal area and ocellar area (Fig. 3D), antenna dark reddish brown (Fig. 3F); thorax black (Fig. 3G), posterior margin of pronotum and anepimeron, tegula, mesoscutellum and lateral carina, small macula on posterior of mesepisternum, lower margin of metepisternum and metepimeron largely orange brown (Fig. 3B); lateral carina of metanotum and cenchri yellowish brown; abdomen brownish black, tergum 4 except for narrow middle macula yellowish brown, lateral margins of tergum 1, terga 5-10 and sternum 7 brown (Fig. 3I, J). Wings largely infuscate, cells 2Rs, 3Rs, 2M, 3M, 2Cu and 2A largely hyaline, veins largely brown to pale brown (Fig. 3A); legs reddish brown, middle and hind coxae, all trochanters and femora black, tibiae blackish brown, tarsi paler toward apex (Fig. 3E). Head. Clypeus smooth with luster, anterior margin with broad and arcuate incision (Fig. 3C); malar space about 2.3 × diameter of middle ocellus; postocellar area 1.6 × as broad as long, clearly concave in middle at posterior margin, lateral furrows narrow weakly divergent; POL: OOL: OCL = 5: 6: 8; head behind eyes distinctly enlarged (Fig. 3D). Antenna about 1.5 × head breadth (Fig. 3F), apical club 1.1 × as long as antennomere 3, with the widest breadth about 2.6 × apical breadth of antennomere 3, antennomere 3 slightly shorter than longest axis of eye. Thorax. Mesonotum with dense and deep punctures, punctures on mesepisternum above carina and elevated parts of mesepimeron dense and deep, clearly defined, interspace between punctures almost smooth, concave area of mesepimeron microsculptured, punctures on ventral side of mesepisternum sparse (Fig. 3B); mesoscutellum roundly elevated, without middle furrow; oblique middle carina on mesepisternum clear but not sharp; distance between cenchri about 3 × longest axis of a cenchrus (Fig. 3G). Abdomen. Abdominal tergum 1 distinctly punctured and microsculptured, with very weak luster, other terga finely and densely microsculptured, almost matte; lateral carina of tergum 1 distinct, anterior corner round, posterior corner weakly produced; posterior margin of tergum 1 with broad and deep incision, bottom almost truncate (Fig. 3I); middle process of sternum 7 broad and triangular, basal breadth about 1/3 breadth of sternite 7; lance short and broad, subapical annuli feebly broadened, total length of annuli 3.6 × height of 13th annulus, first annulus 2.7 × as high as broad (Fig. 3K); lancet with 42 serrulae (Fig. 3K), middle serrulae small, distinctly narrowed toward blunt apex, each side with about 5 minute subbasal teeth, distance between serrulae about 2.3 × basal breadth of a serrula (Fig. 3H). Male. Unknown. Distribution. China (Henan). Host plant. Unknown. Etymology. The specific epithet of the species name is a combination of the Latin word " concavi -" and "- caputus ", referring to the posteriorly concave postocellar area at middle.

Asicimbex dengi Yan & Wei sp. nov. Fig. 4 Material examined. Holotype female, China: Liaoning Province, Shenyang City, Dongling 23 May 1989, leg. Meicai Wei (ASMN). Diagnosis. This species is quite similar to A. eous (Semenov, 1935) and A. maculotegularis Yan & Wei sp. nov., but differs from the latter two species by the following characters: the black macula on dorsum of head small and not subquadrate, frontal ridges pale; mesepisternum entirely black; the apical margin of fore wing with narrow smoky macula; mesoscutellum roundly elevated without middle furrow; lancet with 48 serrulae, serrulae distinctly narrowed toward apex, distance between middle serrulae about 1.5 × breadth of serrula; lance slender, the subapical part not broadened, and the first annulus 2.1 × as high as long. Description. Holotype, female. Body length 21 mm (Fig. 4A). Color. Head dark yellowish brown, frontal area with a M-shaped narrow black maculae, clypeus and mouthparts largely yellowish brown (Fig. 4E), antenna reddish brown (Fig. 4D); thorax largely black, narrow posterior and lateral margins of pronotum, tegula, mesoscutellum, dorsum of metascutellum, narrow posterior margin of mesopleuron yellowish brown (Fig. 4G, H); abdomen dark yellowish brown, terga 1-2 entirely, tergum 3 except for lateral small macula, subtriangular middle macula on tergum 4 and narrow basal margin of tergum 5 black, lateral macula on terga 7-8 and most of ventral fold of terga 2-6 blackish brown (Fig. 4A, L), pale maculae at middle of terga 6-8 3 × broader than long. Wings smoky, outer margin of fore wing with a narrow and weak smoky macula (Fig. 4C), cells 3Rs, 2M, 3M, 1Cu, 2Cu and A largely subhyaline, veins and pterostigma pale brow; legs largely yellowish brown, coxae with black longitudinal stripes, trochanters and femora largely blackish brown. Head. Dorsum of head with indistinct and minute punctures, clypeus largely smooth, with strong luster (Fig. 4E, F). Clypeus elevated, anterior margin narrowly and roundly incised; labrum small and triangular; malar space 1.7 × diameter of middle ocellus (Fig. 4E); postocellar area 2.0 × broader than long, middle furrow weak; lateral furrows distinct, slightly divergent backwards; POL: OOL: OCL = 3: 4: 6; eyes behind head distinctly enlarged (Fig. 4F). Antenna 1.6 × head breadth, club broad and long, with widest breadth 2.2 × apical breadth of antennomere 3, about 1.1 × as long as antennomere 3, antennomere 3 as long as longest axis of eye. Thorax. Punctures on mesoscutal middle and lateral lobes small and dense, surface weakly microsculptured; scutellum roundly elevated without middle furrow, punctures minute and sparse, top area smooth; distance between inner margin of cenchri 2.1 × longest axis of a cenchrus (Fig. 4G); mesopleuron with a sharp oblique carina, punctures above carina dense and small, interspaces between punctures distinctly microsculptures (Fig. 4H); punctures on area below carina sparser. Abdomen. Abdominal tergum 1 with minute punctures and microsculptured, other terga finely and densely microsculptured. Tergum 1 with obtuse and roundly curved lateral carina, posterior incision broad and not very deep, bottom round, middle depth about half the length of tergum (Fig. 4A); middle process of sternum 7 broad and triangular, basal breadth about 1/3 breadth of sternite 7; apical margin of ovipositor sheath obliquely truncate in lateral view, lower margin round (Fig. 4L); lance long and slender, subapical annuli not broadened, total length of annuli 5 × height of 13th annulus, first annulus 2.1 × as high as broad (Fig. 4J); lancet with 48 serrulae (Fig. 4K), middle serrulae weakly narrowed toward truncate apex, each side with 3-4 large subbasal teeth, distance between middle serrulae 1.5 × basal breadth of serrulae (Fig. 4M). Male. Unknown. Distribution. China (Liaoning). Host plant. Unknown., Published as part of Yan, Yu-Chen, Yan, Wen-Long, Deng, Tie-Jun & Wei, Mei-Cai, 2022, Asicimbex Yan, Deng & Wei, a new genus with eight new species and four new combinations (Hymenoptera, Cimbicidae), pp. 265-308 in Journal of Hymenoptera Research 91 on page 265, DOI: 10.3897/jhr.91.83710

Asicimbex shengi Yan & Wei sp. nov. Fig. 13 Material examined. Holotype, female, China: Liaoning Province, Shenyang City, Mt. Qipan, 11 May 2014, leg. Tao Li (ASMN). Diagnosis. This new species is similar A. lii Yan & Wei sp. nov., but differs from it by the following characters: the apical club of antenna clearly shorter than antennomere 3 and about 1.15 × as long as antennomeres 4 and 5 together; the mesoscutal middle and lateral lobes black without pale markings, mesepisternum above carina almost entirely reddish brown, surface almost smooth; lancet with 51 serrulae, serrula small, clearly narrowed toward apex, distance between the middle serrulae more than 2 × as broad as a serrula; the total annuli length of lance 5.4 × height of the 13th annulus. Description. Holotype, female. Body length about 19 mm (Fig. 13A). Color. Head and antenna dark yellowish brown (Fig. 13B-D), dorsum with a M-shaped black macula; thorax black (Fig. 13E), narrow posterior margin and broad lateral margin of pronotum, tegula, mesoscutellum and dorsum of metascutellum yellowish brown, mesepisternum largely (only small macula on anterior margin black), posterior part of mesepimeron, metapleuron largely reddish brown (Fig. 13E, H). Abdominal terga 1-3, median triangular macula of tergum 4, anterior margin of tergum 5 black, other part of tergum 4 and almost entirely tergum 5 yellow brown; both sides of terga 6-8 and ventral fold of terga 2-8 dark brown to blackish brown (Fig. 13I); sternites largely dark brown; both sides of sternites 4-7 pale brown (Fig. 13F, I); pale macula at middle of terga 6-8 of the same size, above 4 × broader than long (Fig. 13F). Fore wing infuscate in anterior half and subhyaline in posterior half, veins and stigma pale brown (Fig. 13A). Legs yellowish brown, coxae with black longitudinal stripes ventrally and dorsally, trochanters and femora largely blackish brown (Fig. 13G). Head. Dorsum of head with indistinct minute punctures, remaining parts smooth with strong luster (Fig. 13B, D). Anterior incision of clypeus small and roundish, labrum small, roundish at apex; malar space about 1.5 × diameter of middle ocellus; postocellar area weakly elevated, 2 × broader than long; lateral furrows distinct, slightly divergent backwards, anterior part of middle groove distinct; POL: OOL: OCL = 3: 4: 6; head behind eyes weakly enlarged (Fig. 13B, D). Antenna length about 1.5 × head breadth, club 1.2 × as long as antennomere 3, club breadth about 2.1 × apical breadth of antennomere 3, antennomere 3 as long as longest axis of eyes (Fig. 13C). Thorax. Mesonotum including mesoscutellum densely punctured (Fig. 13E); mesopleuron indistinctly and finely punctured, hardly microsculptured, shiny (Fig. 13H); mesosternum shallowly and weakly punctured. Median mesoscutal groove and notaulus broad and shallow; mesoscutellum roundly elevated without middle furrow; mesepisternum with a distinct oblique carina; cenchri narrow, distance between inner margin of cenchri 2.2 × longest axis of a cenchrus. Abdomen. Abdominal terga finely and densely microsculptured (Fig. 13F). Tergum 1 with lateral carina distinct, posterior corner not produced, posterior margin broadly and roundly incised (Fig. 13F); middle process of sternum 7 broad, basal breadth about 1/3 breadth of sternite 7 (Fig. 13G); apical margin of ovipositor sheath truncate in lateral view (Fig. 13K). Lancet with 51 serrulae (Fig. 13L), middle serrulae distinctly narrowed toward truncate apex with 4-6 proximal subbasal teeth and 3-5 distal subbasal teeth, distance between serrulae about 2.3 × basal breadth of serrula (Fig. 13M); lance long and slender, subapical annuli broadened, total length of annuli 5.4 × height of 13th annulus, first annulus 1.6 × as high as broad (Fig. 13J). Male. Unknown. Distribution. China (Liaoning). Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the last name of Dr. Maoling Sheng, a famous Chinese taxonomist of Ichneumonidae. Host plant. Unknown., Published as part of Yan, Yu-Chen, Yan, Wen-Long, Deng, Tie-Jun & Wei, Mei-Cai, 2022, Asicimbex Yan, Deng & Wei, a new genus with eight new species and four new combinations (Hymenoptera, Cimbicidae), pp. 265-308 in Journal of Hymenoptera Research 91 on page 265, DOI: 10.3897/jhr.91.83710

A new genus and eight new species of Cimbicinae from the East Asia are described: Asicimbex Yan, Deng & Wei gen. nov., A. concavicaputus Yan & Wei sp. nov., A. dengi Yan & Wei sp. nov., A. koreanus Yan & Wei sp. nov., A. lii Yan & Wei sp. nov., A. latistriatus Yan, Deng & Wei sp. nov., A. maculotegularis Yan & Wei sp. nov., A. nanjingensis Yan & Wei sp. nov. and A. shengi Yan & Wei sp. nov. Four new combinations are proposed: A. eous (Semenov, 1935) comb. nov., A. elminus (Li & Wu, 2003) comb. nov., A. ulmusvorus (Yang, 1996) comb. nov. and A. malaisei (Gussakovskij, 1947) comb. nov., all from Agenocimbex. The 12 known species of Asicimbex are separated into two species groups. Asicimbex stands between Agenocimbex Rohwer 1910 and Cimbex Olivier 1791. The differences between Asicimbex and Cimbex, Asicimbex and Palaeocimbex are discussed in detail. Descriptions, remarks, illustrations, a key to the known species of Asicimbex and a key to genera of Cimbicinae are provided. A. malaisei is confirmed as a valid species and recorded from China for the first time, with the female described for the first time. The distribution of the genus is also briefly discussed.

Asicimbex latistriatus Yan, Deng & Wei sp. nov. Fig. 8 Material examined. Holotype, female, China: Henan Province, Shan County, Ganshan Park, alt. 1000 m, 31 May 2000, leg. Meicai Wei & Yihai Zhong (ASMN). Paratypes, 7 females and 2 males, same data as the holotype; 1 female and 4 males, same locality, 1 June 2000 (ASMN). Diagnosis. The species is most similar to A. nanjingensis Yan & Wei sp. nov., but differs from the latter in the following characters: the postocellar area 1.2-1.3 × broader than long; abdominal tergum 1 without lateral carina, the posterior corner of the tergum not produced; the dorsum of mesoscutellum sparsely and minutely punctured, the surface smooth; the antennomere 3 clearly longer than longest axis of eye; the total length of lance annuli 3.9 × height of the 13th annulus, the first annulus 2.7 × as high as broad; lancet with 46 serrulae. Description. Holotype, female. Body length 14 mm (Fig. 8A). Color. Head including antenna dark yellowish brown (Fig. 8A), frons and nearby with an obscure black macula (Fig. 8C, F); thorax black, posterior margin and lateral corner of pronotum, tegula, mesoscutellum and lateral carina dark brown, mesepisternum above carina largely, posterior margin of mesepimeron, irregular macula on metepisternum and large macula on metepimeron reddish brown (Fig. 8K); abdomen dark brown, basal margin of tergum 1 and small macula near posterior corner, anterior 4/5 of tergum 2, anterior 1/3 of tergum 3, basal margin of terga 4-7 and sterna 1-3 largely black, tergum 4 slightly paler (Fig. 8O, P). Fore wing strongly smoky, cells 2M, 3M, 2Cu and A largely hyaline, veins and pterostigma largely brown to dark brown; hind wing weakly infuscate (Fig. 8A). Legs dark brown, middle and hind coxae, trochanters and dorsal side of femora black (Fig. 8I, J). Head. Dorsum of head with indistinct and fine punctures, other parts smooth, with strong luster (Fig. 8C, F). Clypeus clearly elevated in middle, anterior margin with small and deep incision; malar space 1.8 × diameter of middle ocellus (Fig. 8C); postocellar area about 1.2-1.3 × broader than long; median furrow weak, lateral furrows fine, weakly divergent backwards; POL: OOL: OCL = 5: 6: 9; in dorsal view head enlarged behind eye (Fig. 8F). Antenna about 1.4 × longer than head breadth (Fig. 8H); apical club slightly longer than antennomere 3, with the widest breadth 2.4 × apical breadth of antennomere 3, antennomere 3 clearly longer than longest axis of eyes (45: 39). Thorax. Mesothorax densely punctured, punctures on mesoscutellum sparser, surface smooth; mesonotum feebly shiny; punctures on mesepisternum above carina and elevated parts of mesepimeron dense and deep, clearly defined, interspace between punctures smooth, concave area of mesepimeron microsculptured, punctures on ventral side of mesepisternum sparse (Fig. 8E, K); mesoscutellum roundly elevated, without middle furrow; oblique middle carina on mesepisternum weak but recognizable; cenchri oval, distance between cenchri about 3.4 × longest axis of a cenchrus, metascutellum triangularly elevated, distance between serrulae about 2.3 × basal breadth of a serrula (Fig. 8E). Abdomen. Abdominal tergum 1 with minute punctures and microsculptures, other terga finely and densely microsculptured (Fig. 8O, P). Tergum 1 without lateral carina, hind corner roundish, not produced, posterior incision broad and deep, bottom round (Fig. 8O); middle process of sternum 7 broad and triangular, basal breadth about 1/3 breadth of sternite 7; lance short and broad, subapical annuli feebly broadened, total length of annuli 3.9 × height of 13th annulus, first annulus 2.7 × as high as broad (Fig. 8N); lancet with 47 annular sutures and 46 serrulae (Fig. 8N), middle serrulae narrowly truncate at apex with about 5 proximal and 5 distal subbasal teeth (Fig. 8Q). Male. Body length 16 mm (Fig. 8B), body color and structure (Fig. 8D, G) similar to female except for following parts: posterior of postocellar area in middle with a shallow depressed groove; abdominal terga 2-3 largely blackish brown; middle and hind coxae and femora distinctly elongated, with carina; hind femora distinctly swollen, about twice as broad as trochanter; penis valve shown in Fig. 8M, gonoforceps as shown in Fig. 8L. Distribution. China (Henan); South Korea? Variation. Body length 13-15 mm in female, 16-17 mm in male; club of antenna dark brown or yellowish brown; middle and hind coxae brown or blackish brown. Etymology. The specific epithet is a combination of the Latin word: " lati -" and "- striatus ", referring to the fore wing with a broad longitudinal smoky stripe. Host plant and larva . The adult types of the new species were reared two years later from the larvae collected on the trunk of Ulmus sp. The matured larvae are yellow colored with black head, thorax and abdomen without black macula. Remarks. The senior author of the paper examined 2 females and 3 males of A. latistriatus from South Korea in 2013, when there were only five species (Asicimbex eous, Asicimbex malaisei, Asicimbex elminus, Asicimbex ulmusvorus and the undescribed Asicimbex latistriatus) of the undescribed genus Asicimbex known to the author. The specimens were kept in Yeungnam University. Confirmation of this faunal record requires re-examination of the specimens., Published as part of Yan, Yu-Chen, Yan, Wen-Long, Deng, Tie-Jun & Wei, Mei-Cai, 2022, Asicimbex Yan, Deng & Wei, a new genus with eight new species and four new combinations (Hymenoptera, Cimbicidae), pp. 265-308 in Journal of Hymenoptera Research 91 on page 265, DOI: 10.3897/jhr.91.83710

Asicimbex ulmusvorus (Yang, 1996) comb. nov. Fig. 14 Agenocimbex ulmusvora Yang, 1996, 23(1): 5-7. Material examined. 2 females and 1 male, China: Henan Province, 10 June, no other data; 1 female, China, without collection data (ASMN); 3 females and 3 males, [CHINA: Hubei] Wuhan, 14 April 1990 (2 females and 2 males, kept in NMST, 1 female and 1 male, exchanged specimens, kept in ASMN); 1 female and 1 male, China: Anhui Province, Yuexi, 1983, Guoqing Zhong, Tiying Zhou; 2 females, China: Zhejiang, Lishui, 2-3 April 1981; 2 males, China: Zhejiang, Lishui, 2 April 1979, larvae feeding on Ulmus parvifolia; 1 male, China: Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 26 April 1981, Guangwu Li; 1 female, China: Zhejiang, Hangzhou Plant Garden, larvae feeding on Ulmus parvifolia (CAF). Diagnosis. The species is very different from its congeners in the following characters: the body much more slender and largely yellow brown, the dorsum of head without large black macula, the dorsum of thorax with three isolated black maculae, the abdomen yellow, the second tergum black with a transverse middle yellow macula; malar space 1.2 × diameter of median ocellus; antenna long and about 1.8 × (female) or 2.1 × (male) head breadth, the club breadth 1.7 × apical breadth of antennomere 3; the abdominal tergum 1 largely smooth and shiny; the middle serrulae each with 2-3 large lateral teeth, and the total annuli length of lance 5.9 × height of the 13th annulus. Description. Not type. Female. Body length 20 mm (Fig. 14A). Color. Body yellowish brown (Fig. 14A), small macula on bottom of lateral fovea and middle fovea blackish brown, clypeus and mouthparts paler (Fig. 14D); middle furrow of pronotum, three longitudinal stripes on mesonotum (Fig. 14I), mesosternum except middle furrow, broad anterior stripe on mesepimeron, metapleuron largely, middle and hind coxae, trochanters and femora, tergum 2 except middle macula, basal margin of abdominal terga 1 and 3-5, black; antenna dark reddish brown; middle and hind tibiae reddish brown. Wing color as in Fig. 14A, stigma yellowish brown. Head. Dorsum of head minutely punctured, clypeus smooth, with luster; malar space 1.2 × diameter of middle ocellus (Fig. 14D); postocellar area slightly elevated, about 2 × broader than long, median furrow weak; lateral furrows shallow and curved, subparallel to each other; POL: OOL: OCL = 3: 5: 7, head behind eyes slightly enlarged (Fig. 14C). Antenna about 1.8 × longer than head breadth, antennomere 3 slightly curved, longer than longest axis of eyes (43: 38); club enlarged, widest breadth about 1.7 × apical breadth of antennomere 3 and about as long as antennomere 3 (Fig. 14F). Thorax. Median and lateral mesoscutal lobes with distinct punctures, surface smooth; dorsum of mesoscutellum sparsely punctured; mesepisternum minutely punctured mixed with irregular wrinkles, less shiny, mesepimeron sparsely punctured, shiny (Fig. 14E). Mesoscutellum roundly elevated, without middle furrow (Fig. 14I); mesepisternum with weak oblique carina (Fig. 14E); cenchri elliptical, distance between inner margin of cenchri 2.1 × longest axis of a cenchrus (Fig. 14I). Abdomen. Abdominal tergum 1 smooth, with strong luster; other terga densely and minutely microsculptured, with feeble luster; tergum 1 with broad and round incision, lateral carina low but distinct, anterior corner angulate, posterior corner not produced; subgenital plate strongly protruded in middle 1/3. Lancet with 54 serrulae (Fig. 14L), middle serrulae weakly narrowed toward truncate apex, with 2-3 proximal and distal subbasal teeth, distance between serrulae 1.8 × basal breadth of serrulae (Fig. 14O); lance long and slender, subapical annuli broadened, total length of annuli 5.9 × height of 13th annulus, first annulus 1.5 × as high as broad (Fig. 14L). Male. Body length 20 mm (Fig. 14B). Body color and structures similar to female except for head hardly dilated behind eye in dorsal view and antenna about 2.1 × head breadth; apex of subgenital plate roundish; gonoforceps as in Fig. 14M, penis valve as in Fig. 14N. Distribution. China (Anhui, Henan, Hubei, Zhejiang). Host plant and larvae. Ulmus parvifolia Jacq. and U. pumila L. (Yang and Li 1996). The larva is green with 3 irregular black maculae on each annulus of body except for the last one (Yang et al. 1996).

A complementary electrolyte system with 0.8 M lithium bis(fluorosulfonylimide) (LiFSI) salt and 2 wt % lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) additive in fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC)/ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) solution enables not only stable cycling of lithium metal batteries (LMBs) with practical loading ( 4 mAh/cm2) but also outstanding degradation stability toward the end of cycle life when compared to the conventional electrolyte. Although the use of LiFSI salt can increase the electrolyte conductivity and lengthen the cycle life of LMBs, the aged lithium anode morphology formed by the sacrificial decomposition of LiFSI is highly porous, leading to an abrupt cell capacity drop toward the end of cycling. Moreover, the inability to stop aluminum corrosion by the LiFSI-based electrolyte also causes cracking of the cathode tab during prolonged cycling. It is observed that a highly porous aged lithium consumed electrolyte at a higher rate, leading to the dry-out of electrolyte solvents. On the contrary, dense aged lithium anode morphology increased the localized current applied on the lithium, causing the formation of lithium dendrite. Thus, porosity control is the key to enhance battery performance. In this complementary system, LiClO4 was introduced as an advanced additive to not only improve the capacity retention rate but also mitigate the abrupt capacity drop toward the end of cycle life because LiClO4 acted as a pore astringent reducing the porosity of the aged lithium metal anode to the desired level. Moreover, the addition of LiClO4 can also suppress the Al corrosion, allowing stable high-voltage cycling of LMBs. The synergistic effect of combining LiFSI salt and a LiClO4 additive leads to an electrolyte system that can facilitate the application of high-energy LMBs with practical electrode loading.

Herein, the SiC nanowires were successfully fabricated via chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) into carbon fiber felts (CFs) and then the SiOC/SiCnws/CFs composites were synthesized by precursor infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP) processes. Results indicated that the lightweight composites possessed enhanced mechanical performance, low thermal conductivity, and excellent electromagnetic wave absorption properties. Detailedly, the compressive strength reached to 22.0 MPa and 9.6 MPa after two PIP processes cycles in z and x/y directions, respectively. Meanwhile, the composites exhibited tailored electromagnetic wave absorption performance with the effective absorption bandwidth of 3.06 GHz, and the minimum reflection loss (RLmin) was -48.2 dB with a thickness of 3.6 mm. The present work has a guidance to prepare and design multifunction properties for application in harsh environment.