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The comments by Lawson and Legrenzi to our RISP/IPSR article 'Tracing the modes of China's revisionism in the Indo-Pacific: a comparison with pre-1941 Shōwa Japan' contribute to moving the debate on revisionism in international politics a step forward. Their notes on the several issues affecting the International Relations understanding of the phenomenon are on the same page as ours and we appear to share similar doubts and a like-minded curiosity on the subject. While grasping some key topics and shedding light on crucial shortcomings in the literature on international change, power transitions and international order, however, their observations do not come unproblematic. In this reply to their timely remarks, we highlight the perks of their argument but also stress how this falls through in providing a complete framework to understand revisionism in international politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of IUG Journal of Sharia & Law Studies is the property of Islamic University of Gaza and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Logos: Anales del Seminario de Metafísica (1575-6866) is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this work, Hölder-Isçan inequality is used for the class of n-times differentiable (s,m)-convex functions. The outcomes are new Hermite-Hadamard type inequalities and modified integrals are estimated by better bounds. Special cases are deduced as the existing results from literature. Furthermore, some applications to arithmetic, geometric and logarithmic means are also presented.

Freestyle Wrestling is an acyclic sport, based on a mixed aerobic and anaerobic effort, characterized by intensity, variety and rapid changes of situations. With the change in rules and the dynamisation of wrestling, tactical, low-intensity efforts have disappeared, and the athlete is forced to fight at a sustained pace to avoid disqualification. This is what is known as ‘total combat’. Training and competitions act multilaterally on the fighter’s body, during the specific effort all muscle groups, joints, analysers, the fighter’s entire personality are involved, all with the material support of a remarkable increase in the functions of all the body’s apparatus and systems. We can therefore say that Greco-Roman wrestling is one of the most complex sports, in which, in addition to general and specific endurance, several other qualities are required, such as strength, reaction speed and exceptional skill. The aim of the research is to elaborate and argue the content of the planning of the training process in junior wrestlers (16-17 years old) specific to each period of the annual training cycle, considering the interaction of different aspects. Analyzing the dynamics of different parameters of the level of physical and technical-tactical training of 16-17 years old wrestlers, we found a large difference between the analyzed parameters. Indices of general physical readiness increased considerably during the training period and then stabilized at an optimal level.

The main goal we want to highlight in this study is the fact that I want to know in detail the issue of muscle strength development at this age. For the realization of this work, I started from the hypothesis that strength is a motor quality, which can be improved considerably from the first lessons, if the one who leads the instructional process knows the methodology related to the means used to develop this quality. This paper tries to demonstrate that by applying a series of means specific to the football game, we will succeed in developing the explosive force of the lower limbs, in a group of 10th grade students. In conclusion, we can say that we managed to show how effective is the application of the means specific to the football game for the development of the muscles of the lower limbs.

The International Canoe Federation includes 10 forms of kayaking and canoeing and recognizes 4 additional disciplines. One of the most popular is canoe polo. Canoe polo is a team sport that belongs to the family of sports games. Two teams of five players each fight to score more goals, with a water polo ball, in a pool of specific dimensions. Canoe polo developed in parallel in three similar variants of the rules, as an alternative to paddling during windy and cold winter days. Canoe polo contains the largest number of different techniques in relation to all paddling sports, while ball handling is done with a mixture of water polo, handball, basketball, and volleyball techniques. Simultaneous handling of the ball, with an overview of the game and interfering with the opponent is a very demanding coordination activity that does not exist in paddling in nature with different obstacles, both in terms of content and dynamics. Today, canoe polo is played in about 40 countries. Wild and flat water kayak and canoe disciplines have existed in the countries of the Western Balkans outside the European Union for many years, while canoe polo activities, clubs and competitions do not exist at all. The introduction of canoe polo in the sports systems of the West Balkan countries outside of European Union can be used as a means to popularize canoeing, as well as to raise the quality of canoeists by applying situational and super-situational training methods. Very demanding activities during more diverting trainings, with a greater opportunity to compete, as well as with a longer and more meaningful competition calendar, can significantly improve the skills needed for kayaking and canoeing in all its manifestations. In addition, the economic effect of development through sports facilities, infrastructure and boats with protective equipment should not be neglected, which at some point may become the basis for the organization of domestic and international competitions.

Reverse Fibonacci sequence $\{J_n\}$ is defined by the relation $J_n = 8(J_{n-1} - J_{n-2})$ for $n\geq2$ with $J_0=0$ and $J_1=1$ as initial terms. A few formulas have been derived for solving the missing terms of a sequence in books and mathematical journals, but not for the reverse Fibonacci sequence. Thus, this paper derived a formula that deductively solves the first missing term $\{x_1\}$ of the reverse Fibonacci sequence and is given by the equation $x_1=\frac{b+8aJ_n}{J_{n+1}}$. By using the derived formula for $\{x_1\}$, it is now possible to solve the means of the reverse Fibonacci sequence as well as solving the sequence itself.

Copyright of Teología y Vida is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Facultad de Teologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of the use of electronic means created based on information and communication technologies in coordination testing of the endurance of students with disabilities who are war veterans in practical physical education classes. Materials and methods. To solve research problems, scientific intelligence applied the implementation of research at the theoretical and empirical levels. Analysis, synthesis, generalization, induction, systematization, pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics and technical modeling were used. The study involved 46 students who are war veterans (males aged 29-35). Results. An electronic mean for determining coordination endurance based on information and communication technologies and software has been developed. The design of the mean involves the use of mobile and stationary measuring units and a personal computer. The measuring unit contains analog and digital sensors. Information about the student's performance on the test is displayed on the personal computer screen. Approbation of the developed mean involved establishing the degree of its authenticity by comparing the results of testing the coordination endurance of students with disabilities who are war veterans implemented using traditional methods of measurement and the results of testing using the developed mean. The calculation of the reliability and validity of the tests showed that the recording of control results by electronic means allows ensuring a high level of authenticity of the tests. Conclusions. The use of the electronic control means of coordination endurance presented in the work allows the achievement of a high level of reliability of control results in real time. Based on the summaries of the conducted empirical research, it was established that the introduction of electronic means of control in the process of physical education of students with disabilities who are war veterans helps to ensure the effectiveness of this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Each business entity should make sufficient efforts to respond appropriately to the existing challenges (including the threat of a raider attack); however, not always and not all of them are able to cope with this on their own, and therefore require external assistance, which is expressed in the use of appropriate means of public administration to counteract raiding. The objective of the article is to improve the list of means and priority areas of public administration addressing raiding. The generalization of the developments of leading scholars and practitioners, as well as the results of the author's own research in this area, allow improving the list of means of public administration of countering raiding in the following priority areas: organisational and methodological support of public administration of countering raiding; prevention of raiding; localisation of raider attacks; minimisation of the negative consequences of the spread of raiding. The key to success in this area is the proper use of advanced methodological support, balanced application of administrative, economic, organisational, legal and socio-psychological methods of public administration, as well as consideration of market mechanisms and social norms which, to a certain extent, affect the functioning of business entities. The author proves the inadmissibility of the following: involvement of public administration officials in unfair competition; use of public authority to appropriate or gain influence over a company that has been subjected to a raider attack; use of anti-raider measures as a way of dealing with «inconvenient» public administration officials; preservation of the practice when the principle of «presumption of innocence» is applied instead of the principle of «presumption of impunity». [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing demand for infrastructure provision in urban areas is inseparable from the increasing population and urbanization flows that have an impact on the uncontrolled development of urban areas. To anticipate this phenomenon, it is necessary to have integrated infrastructure planning involving various agglomerated stakeholders to produce policies that apply holistically. Pontianak City like other cities in Indonesia continues to show growth in the development sector, one of which is in the field of infrastructure. This study aims to identify the availability of infrastructure, especially in Pontianak City which is included in one of the Strategic Growth Areas (WPS) in West Kalimantan to realize integrated, holistic, and sustainable infrastructure system planning. Identification activities were carried out in Parit Tokaya Village, South Pontianak District, with purposive sampling location determination representing villages with quite diverse complexity. Data collection methods using survey, observation, and documentation methods, as well as data analysis methods are carried out in a qualitative descriptive manner referring to references, literature, and related policies. The results showed that most of the available infrastructure conditions and environmental facilities were adequate, but there were several recommendations for improvement in several infrastructure components such as repairing damaged roads and bridges, providing city water reserves during the dry season, normalizing drainage channels that often cause flooding in the area, managing used water that is still discharged directly into the city room, it is necessary to provide several garbage polling points and 3R trash cans. Recommendations for improvements in the components of environmental facilities include anticipating congestion in educational facilities, especially during school entry and return hours, increasing parking capacity in commercial facilities, and structuring public RTH as community socialization and recreation facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Araucaria is the property of Araucaria-Revista Iberoamericana de Filosofia, Politica y Humanidades and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper presents the results of the analysis of B. McLaverty’s novel Grace Notes, in particular, those text fragments that reflect the emotions of the main character. The authors focus on the study of syntactic means of expressing the emotional state of the character. Background. The range of emotions experienced by the heroine is shown by the writer with unique depth and with the help of a variety of expressive means. In the course of the study, it was revealed that the predominant number of language means are syntactic. Purpose. The purpose of this work is to identify and consider the syntactic means of expressing Catherine McKenna’s emotions, as well as to analyze them. Materials and methods. The material of the survey is found in the works of linguists on style and the category of emotiveness. When analyzing the material, the method of content analysis was used. Results. In the course of the study, we identified and analyzed 24 examples from the text of B. McLaverty’s novel Grace Notes, that is, 24 cases of using the syntactic means of expressing the emotions of the main character. The results of the study showed that out of the total number of examples, 11 express the emotion of grief, 5 express sadness, 4 – interest, 2 syntactic means express a sense of satisfaction, 1 – a feeling of surprise. Thanks to the identification of the syntactic means used by the author, we can trace the change in the emotional state of the main character of the novel, her recovery after the loss of a person close to her, namely the following range of emotions: grief, sadness, interest, satisfaction, surprise. Practical implications. The study of the syntactic means of expressing emotions used in the novel can serve as a source for further work in a similar aspect by other researchers and might improve the quality of the analysis of means at all language levels.

Purpose: to prove the effectiveness of the technique of game stretching to increase the level of development of flexibility in female gymnasts aged 5-6 years. Material & Methods: the study involved 30 female athletes aged 5-6 years who are engaged in rhythmic gymnastics. According to the results of the initial testing, a group of female gymnasts was divided into control (n=15) and main (n=15), taking into account the absence of significant differences in the indicators of flexibility tests. Both groups of young gymnasts trained in accordance with the curriculum for the Youth Sports School in rhythmic gymnastics (1999). In the training sessions of female athletes of the main group, a specially developed technique of game stretching was included, aimed at developing flexibility. Results: the obtained results of the study give grounds to assert that the proposed methodology, by which female gymnasts of the main group (MG) trained, contributed to a more pronounced (p0,05), although an improvement in the results in this test was observed in both groups. Conclusions: the results of the study showed the effectiveness of the method of game stretching to increase the level of development of flexibility in female gymnasts 5-6 years old. The technique contributed to a more pronounced (p

The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of the use of electronic means created based on information and communication technologies in coordination testing of the endurance of students with disabilities who are war veterans in practical physical education classes. Materials and methods. To solve research problems, scientific intelligence applied the implementation of research at the theoretical and empirical levels. Analysis, synthesis, generalization, induction, systematization, pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics and technical modeling were used. The study involved 46 students who are war veterans (males aged 17–18). Results. An electronic mean for determining coordination endurance based on information and communication technologies and software has been developed. The design of the mean involves the use of mobile and stationary measuring units and a personal computer. The measuring unit contains analog and digital sensors. Information about the student’s performance on the test is displayed on the personal computer screen. Approbation of the developed mean involved establishing the degree of its authenticity by comparing the results of testing the coordination endurance of students with disabilities who are war veterans implemented using traditional methods of measurement and the results of testing using the developed mean. The calculation of the reliability and validity of the tests showed that the recording of control results by electronic means allows ensuring a high level of authenticity of the tests. Conclusions. The use of the electronic control means of coordination endurance presented in the work allows the achievement of a high level of reliability of control results in real time. Based on the summaries of the conducted empirical research, it was established that the introduction of electronic means of control in the process of physical education of students with disabilities who are war veterans helps to ensure the effectiveness of this process.

Twin and adoption studies compare the similarities of people with differing degrees of relatedness to estimate genetic and environmental contributions to trait population variance. The analytic workhorse of these kinds of variancefocused designs is the intraclass correlation, which estimates similarity between pairs of individuals. Group means, by contrast, play no overt role in estimating genetic and environmental influences. Although this focus on variance has made very important contributions to understanding psychological characteristics, we contend that the exclusion of mean effects from behavioral genetic designs may have obscured key environmental influences and impeded full appreciation of the ubiquity and nature of gene–environment interplay in human outcomes. We provide empirical examples already in the literature and a theoretical framework for thinking through the incorporation of mean effects using largely forgotten, non-Mendelian theory regarding how genes influence human outcomes. We conclude that the field needs to develop models capable of fully incorporating mean effects into twin and adoption studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Classical transportation models aim to minimize the total costs of homogeneous goods transport from supply points to demand points, taking into account unit transportation costs. They constitute a special case of network models and employ a technique based on linear programming. Suggested in 2015 and one of the early distribution methods, Tuncay Can's Approximation Method (TCAM) is based on the geometric averages of unit transportation costs, although it is stated in the theorem that other means than geometric can be used. The aim of this study is to compare the total costs of a transportation model by solving a problem using geometric, arithmetic, square, and harmonic means based on TCAM. The coefficients of the transportation model were obtained randomly by simulation, and the method was repeated on the problem according to the different means and the appropriate means determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the integration of ends and means in aesthetic experience and its moral consequences through a critical reading of John Dewey's work. The first part characterizes aesthetic experience as «an experience» that integrates emotions, senses and ideals. The second part analyzes the integration of ends and means that art implies and the possibilities it offers for the moral understanding of the ends. In conclusion, the ethical possibilities of deweyan aesthetics are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of College of Law Journal for Legal & Political Sciences / Magallat Kulliyyat Al-Qanun Li-L-ulum Al-Qanuniyyat Wa-Al-Siyasiyyat is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this work, Hölder-Isc, an inequality is used for the class of n-times differentiable (s;m)- convex functions. The outcomes are new Hermite-Hadamard type inequalities and modified integrals are estimated by better bounds. Special cases are deduced as the existing results from literature. Furthermore, some applications to arithmetic, geometric and logarithmic means are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes Joseph S. Nye’s concept of «soft power». About the comprehensive analysis and evaluation of the concept as a system of scientific knowledge, there is every reason to assert that there is no expert evaluation at the level of the second reflection. Therefore, the problem of studying the main provisions of the concept of “soft power” at the theoretical level of scientific knowledge should be considered urgent. The study aims to determine the perfection of methodological support and ontological value of the main theoretical provisions of the concept of “soft power” as a system of scientific knowledge. The achievement of this goal involves solving the following tasks: to analyze the methodological support and the main theoretical provisions of the concept; to assess the level of perfection of the methodological support for the development of the concept; to assess the level of ontological completeness of the main theoretical provisions of the concept as a system of scientific knowledge. The following general scientific methodological tools were used in the study: historical analysis, comparative analysis, categorical analysis, comprehensive analysis, the principle of unity of historical and logical, hypothetical and deductive, cause and effect, generalization, and systematization. The results of the analysis of the main theoretical provisions of the concept of “soft power” made it possible to draw the following conclusions: the concept is characterized by methodological imperfection, ontological incompleteness, terminological uncertainty, and a compilation unsystematized architectonic structure of the content presentation, which causes ambiguity in the perception of its fundamental theoretical provisions; in their totality, the assessments made give grounds to attribute this system of scientific knowledge to such a form of theoretical knowledge as phenomenological theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research aims to show the impact of the development of sciences and means on the ijtihad rulings that accept change, and the reasons for change, with reference to the most famous contemporary applications in this concern. The researcher has arrived at certain findings: the rulings that accept change are ijtihad rulings based on a jurisprudential principle, analogy or care of interest, and so on; whereas the fixed basic rulings do not accept change because of its flexibility and its validity for every time and place and its principles such as facilitation and removal of awkwardness. And the most important factors for changing rulings are: change of time and place, convention and custom, change of morals, care of interest and corruption, and the development of sciences. Among the most prominent contemporary applications in which the jurisprudential ruling has changed due to the development of sciences and means are the issue of entering the Hijri month, the issue of giving a final sentence about the harm of smoking, knowing the maximum duration of pregnancy, removing the fetus after it has been proven that its survival threatens the life of the mother, and the issue of splitting the abdomen of a dead woman to remove the living fetus according to Al-Saadi who issued a fatwa, opposite to Hanbali doctrine, that it is permissible to remove the living fetus from the dead mother because surgery has developed, and such an act has become closer to the interest than to the corrupt. The researcher also recommended comparatively studying the issues of ijtihad rulings in which the ruling was affected by the development of contemporary means, and holding seminars and conferences that bring together Sharia scholars and scholars of other disciplines related to modern sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Specialized Islamic Studies (SIS) is the property of Refaad for Studies, Research & Development and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of SportLogia is the property of University Banja Luka, Faculty of Physical Education & Sports and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M. is the property of Knowledge E DMCC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Study Design: Multicenter Cohort.Objective: Assess normative values of sagittal spinal and lower extremity alignment in asymptomatic volunteers stratified by age and gender.Summary Of Background Data: Our understanding of ideal sagittal alignment is still evolving. The Multiethnic Alignment Normative Study (MEANS) investigated skeletal alignment of the largest multiethnic cohort of asymptomatic adult volunteers. We aim to assess normative values of sagittal spinal and lower extremity alignment in asymptomatic volunteers stratified by age and gender.Materials and Methods: Asymptomatic volunteers between the ages of 18-80 years were enrolled prospectively and then analyzed retrospectively from six different centers. Volunteers included reported no significant neck or back pain, nor any known spinal disorder(s). All volunteers underwent a standing full-body or full-spine low-dose stereoradiograph.Results: MEANS consisted of 468 volunteers with a mean age of 40.4±14.8 years. Thoracic kyphosis (TK) from T4 to T12 showed a mean of 37.4±10.9°. The average L1-S1 lumbar lordosis (LL) was -57.4±11.3°. LL did not show significant differences across the five age groups. TK showed a significant difference based on age ( P <0.0001). Sagittal vertical axis increased across age groups from -14.2 mm in young adults to 17.0 mm in patients >64. Similar trend was seen for T1 pelvic angle with a mean of 5.0° in young adults and 13.7° in those older than age 64. Knee flexion increased across age groups without a significant change in odontoid-knee distance which is a surrogate for the center of the head aligned over the knees.Conclusions: In asymptomatic volunteers, sagittal alignment parameters showed a slow and steady change across age groups exemplified by an increase in TK. However, LL did not show a significant decrease across age groups. Volunteers used compensatory mechanisms such as slight pelvis retroversion, knee flexion, and neck extension to maintain an aligned sagittal posture with their head centered over their knees (odontoid-knee).Level Of Evidence: 3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Djoussour El-maarefa is the property of Association of Arab Universities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of IUG Journal of Islamic Studies is the property of Islamic University of Gaza and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Eectronic payment methods represent a basic requirement for practicing electronic commerce in light of a digital economy, based on digitization and the use of modern payment methods that differ from traditional means. But the Electronic payment methods require legal texts to regulate them, this is what the Algerian legislator has consecrated through several legal texts, starting with Law n° 18-05 related to electronic commerce.

The main idea of the current investigation is to explore some new aspects of Ostrowski’s type integral inequalities implementing the generalized Jensen–Mercer inequality established for generalized s-convexity in fractal space. To proceed further with this task, we construct a new generalized integral equality for first-order local differentiable functions, which will serve as an auxiliary result to restore some new bounds for Ostrowski inequality. We establish our desired results by employing the equality, some renowned generalized integral inequalities like Hölder’s, power mean, Yang-Hölder’s, bounded characteristics of the functions and considering generalized s-convexity characteristics of functions. Also, in support of our main findings, we deliver specific applications to means, and numerical integration and graphical visualization are also presented here.

Copyright of Journal of Arts & Social Sciences (JASS) is the property of Sultan Qaboos University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal Of the College of Law /Al-Nahrain University is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses the category of interest, which is an explanatory category of social phenomena in materialist ontology, particularly the Marxist variety. The considerations are guided by Hegel's conviction that every category taken in abstraction loses its exploratory value, so instead of asking for such an ultimate basis for explanation, one should investigate what else should be assumed for something - interest - to really mean something. Following this advice, the text carries out a conceptual analysis of the categories of life, teleology and identity and their mutual relationship based on Hegelian philosophy. Overcoming the ambiguity of Hegel's argument makes it possible to uncover the dialectically negative identity of spirit that is society and nature, which, transferred to the dimension of social relations, makes it possible to talk about the internal connection of interest with its negation, which is disinterestedness. It turns out that interest can only mean something if it is related to disinterestedness, which, again, on the grounds of social relations and especially class conflict, proves to be the interest of the possibility of being disinterested. In the final part of the article, the result of these considerations is referred to Hegelian social philosophy, where it turns out to be reflected in the relation between the two main categories of 'ethical life' and 'moral life' usually devalued by interpreters. At the same time, the relation between these categories corresponds to the relation between the universal model of the bourgeoisie with their economic interests and the disinterested representatives of the general estate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]