820 results on '"Mcguire, P. K."'
Search Results
52. Heart disease and stroke statistics--2015 update: a report from the American Heart Association.
- Author
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Mozaffarian, Dariush, Benjamin, Emelia J, Go, Alan S, Arnett, Donna K, Blaha, Michael J, Cushman, Mary, de Ferranti, Sarah, Després, Jean-Pierre, Fullerton, Heather J, Howard, Virginia J, Huffman, Mark D, Judd, Suzanne E, Kissela, Brett M, Lackland, Daniel T, Lichtman, Judith H, Lisabeth, Lynda D, Liu, Simin, Mackey, Rachel H, Matchar, David B, McGuire, Darren K, Mohler, Emile R, Moy, Claudia S, Muntner, Paul, Mussolino, Michael E, Nasir, Khurram, Neumar, Robert W, Nichol, Graham, Palaniappan, Latha, Pandey, Dilip K, Reeves, Mathew J, Rodriguez, Carlos J, Sorlie, Paul D, Stein, Joel, Towfighi, Amytis, Turan, Tanya N, Virani, Salim S, Willey, Joshua Z, Woo, Daniel, Yeh, Robert W, Turner, Melanie B, and American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee
- Subjects
American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee ,Humans ,Heart Diseases ,Risk Reduction Behavior ,American Heart Association ,United States ,Stroke ,Research Report ,AHA Scientific Statements ,cardiovascular diseases ,epidemiology ,risk factors ,statistics ,stroke ,Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology ,Clinical Sciences ,Public Health and Health Services ,Cardiovascular System & Hematology - Published
- 2015
53. Motives, Barriers, and Ways of Communicating in Mother-Daughter Sexuality Communication: A Qualitative Study of College Women in Tanzania
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Rodgers, Kathleen Boyce, Tarimo, Prisca, McGuire, Jenifer K., and Diversi, Marcelo
- Abstract
In Tanzania, young women aged 15-24 are at high risk for HIV and nearly half (45%) of women experience pregnancy or childbirth before age 19. The HIV epidemic has motivated many parents to overcome cultural taboos and talk with their children about sexuality, but few studies in Tanzania have examined how young adults perceive these discussions. In-depth interviews with 31 Tanzanian college women (ages 18-25) reveal how they make sense of sexuality messages from mothers that are sometimes vague, admonishing and fear-based. Participants identified how mothers focused on the health, educational and social consequences of premarital sex and emphasised the avoidance of men as a strategy to maintain virginity. Mothers avoided providing specific information about safer-sex practices, or strategies to negotiate romantic relationships, sexual pressures or sexual desires. Findings offer insight into how relational and cultural contexts influence mothers' sexual socialisation and can inform education and intervention approaches that consider the changing cultural landscape. Future qualitative research with mothers is recommended to develop programmes that are more responsive to mothers' and daughters' needs.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
54. Direct and Indirect Experiences with Heterosexism: How Slurs Impact All Students
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Norris, Alyssa L., McGuire, Jenifer K., and Stolz, Cheryl
- Abstract
Students targeted by homophobic discrimination are at risk for poor academic outcomes, yet few studies have examined how witnessing discrimination affects students. This study examined the impact of direct and indirect experiences of heterosexism on feelings of safety, belongingness, and connectedness among a sample of 1,702 students at a public university in the Western United States. Sexual minority students were more likely to be a target of and witness to discrimination, and they reported significantly lower levels of safety and belongingness. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that witnessing discriminatory acts contributed significantly to lower levels of safety, belongingness, and connectedness among heterosexual students, even after accounting for personal experiences with discrimination. For sexual minority students, witnessing discrimination was not associated with school outcomes, but hearing peers intervene against slurs was associated with increased belongingness. Perceptions of the campus climate were robustly associated with student outcomes, regardless of sexual orientation.
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- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
55. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2014 Update
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Go, Alan S, Mozaffarian, Dariush, Roger, Véronique L, Benjamin, Emelia J, Berry, Jarett D, Blaha, Michael J, Dai, Shifan, Ford, Earl S, Fox, Caroline S, Franco, Sheila, Fullerton, Heather J, Gillespie, Cathleen, Hailpern, Susan M, Heit, John A, Howard, Virginia J, Huffman, Mark D, Judd, Suzanne E, Kissela, Brett M, Kittner, Steven J, Lackland, Daniel T, Lichtman, Judith H, Lisabeth, Lynda D, Mackey, Rachel H, Magid, David J, Marcus, Gregory M, Marelli, Ariane, Matchar, David B, McGuire, Darren K, Mohler, Emile R, Moy, Claudia S, Mussolino, Michael E, Neumar, Robert W, Nichol, Graham, Pandey, Dilip K, Paynter, Nina P, Reeves, Matthew J, Sorlie, Paul D, Stein, Joel, Towfighi, Amytis, Turan, Tanya N, Virani, Salim S, Wong, Nathan D, Woo, Daniel, and Turner, Melanie B
- Subjects
American Heart Association ,Cardiology ,Heart Diseases ,Humans ,Stroke ,United States ,AHA Scientific Statements ,cardiovascular diseases ,epidemiology ,risk factors ,statistics ,stroke ,American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee ,Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology ,Clinical Sciences ,Public Health and Health Services ,Cardiovascular System & Hematology - Abstract
Each year, the American Heart Association (AHA), in conjunction with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Institutes of Health, and other government agencies, brings together the most up-to-date statistics on heart disease, stroke, other vascular diseases, and their risk factors and presents them in its Heart Disease and Stroke Statistical Update. The Statistical Update is a critical resource for researchers, clinicians, healthcare policy makers, media professionals, the lay public, and many others who seek the best available national data on heart disease, stroke, and other cardiovascular disease-related morbidity and mortality and the risks, quality of care, use of medical procedures and operations, and costs associated with the management of these diseases in a single document. Indeed, since 1999, the Statistical Update has been cited >10 500 times in the literature, based on citations of all annual versions. In 2012 alone, the various Statistical Updates were cited ≈3500 times (data from Google Scholar). In recent years, the Statistical Update has undergone some major changes with the addition of new chapters and major updates across multiple areas, as well as increasing the number of ways to access and use the information assembled. For this year's edition, the Statistics Committee, which produces the document for the AHA, updated all of the current chapters with the most recent nationally representative data and inclusion of relevant articles from the literature over the past year. This year's edition includes a new chapter on peripheral artery disease, as well as new data on the monitoring and benefits of cardiovascular health in the population, with additional new focus on evidence-based approaches to changing behaviors, implementation strategies, and implications of the AHA's 2020 Impact Goals. Below are a few highlights from this year's Update. © 2013 American Heart Association, Inc.
- Published
- 2014
56. Executive Summary
- Author
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Go, Alan S, Mozaffarian, Dariush, Roger, Véronique L, Benjamin, Emelia J, Berry, Jarett D, Blaha, Michael J, Dai, Shifan, Ford, Earl S, Fox, Caroline S, Franco, Sheila, Fullerton, Heather J, Gillespie, Cathleen, Hailpern, Susan M, Heit, John A, Howard, Virginia J, Huffman, Mark D, Judd, Suzanne E, Kissela, Brett M, Kittner, Steven J, Lackland, Daniel T, Lichtman, Judith H, Lisabeth, Lynda D, Mackey, Rachel H, Magid, David J, Marcus, Gregory M, Marelli, Ariane, Matchar, David B, McGuire, Darren K, Mohler, Emile R, Moy, Claudia S, Mussolino, Michael E, Neumar, Robert W, Nichol, Graham, Pandey, Dilip K, Paynter, Nina P, Reeves, Matthew J, Sorlie, Paul D, Stein, Joel, Towfighi, Amytis, Turan, Tanya N, Virani, Salim S, Wong, Nathan D, Woo, Daniel, and Turner, Melanie B
- Subjects
American Heart Association ,Cardiology ,Heart Diseases ,Humans ,Prevalence ,Research Report ,Risk Factors ,Stroke ,United States ,AHA Scientific Statements ,cardiovascular diseases ,epidemiology ,risk factors ,statistics ,stroke ,American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee ,Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology ,Clinical Sciences ,Public Health and Health Services ,Cardiovascular System & Hematology - Abstract
Each year, the American Heart Association (AHA), in conjunction with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Institutes of Health, and other government agencies, brings together the most up-to-date statistics on heart disease, stroke, other vascular diseases, and their risk factors and presents them in its Heart Disease and Stroke Statistical Update. The Statistical Update is a critical resource for researchers, clinicians, healthcare policy makers, media professionals, the lay public, and many others who seek the best available national data on heart disease, stroke, and other cardiovascular disease-related morbidity and mortality and the risks, quality of care, use of medical procedures and operations, and costs associated with the management of these diseases in a single document. Indeed, since 1999, the Statistical Update has been cited >10 500 times in the literature, based on citations of all annual versions. In 2012 alone, the various Statistical Updates were cited ≈3500 times (data from Google Scholar). In recent years, the Statistical Update has undergone some major changes with the addition of new chapters and major updates across multiple areas, as well as increasing the number of ways to access and use the information assembled. For this year's edition, the Statistics Committee, which produces the document for the AHA, updated all of the current chapters with the most recent nationally representative data and inclusion of relevant articles from the literature over the past year. This year's edition includes a new chapter on peripheral artery disease, as well as new data on the monitoring and benefits of cardiovascular health in the population, with additional new focus on evidence-based approaches to changing behaviors, implementation strategies, and implications of the AHA's 2020 Impact Goals. Below are a few highlights from this year's Update. © 2013 American Heart Association, Inc.
- Published
- 2014
57. Executive summary: heart disease and stroke statistics--2014 update: a report from the American Heart Association.
- Author
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Go, Alan S, Mozaffarian, Dariush, Roger, Véronique L, Benjamin, Emelia J, Berry, Jarett D, Blaha, Michael J, Dai, Shifan, Ford, Earl S, Fox, Caroline S, Franco, Sheila, Fullerton, Heather J, Gillespie, Cathleen, Hailpern, Susan M, Heit, John A, Howard, Virginia J, Huffman, Mark D, Judd, Suzanne E, Kissela, Brett M, Kittner, Steven J, Lackland, Daniel T, Lichtman, Judith H, Lisabeth, Lynda D, Mackey, Rachel H, Magid, David J, Marcus, Gregory M, Marelli, Ariane, Matchar, David B, McGuire, Darren K, Mohler, Emile R, Moy, Claudia S, Mussolino, Michael E, Neumar, Robert W, Nichol, Graham, Pandey, Dilip K, Paynter, Nina P, Reeves, Matthew J, Sorlie, Paul D, Stein, Joel, Towfighi, Amytis, Turan, Tanya N, Virani, Salim S, Wong, Nathan D, Woo, Daniel, Turner, Melanie B, and American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee
- Subjects
American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee ,Humans ,Heart Diseases ,Prevalence ,Risk Factors ,Cardiology ,American Heart Association ,United States ,Stroke ,Research Report ,AHA Scientific Statements ,cardiovascular diseases ,epidemiology ,risk factors ,statistics ,stroke ,Cardiovascular System & Hematology ,Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology ,Clinical Sciences ,Public Health and Health Services - Published
- 2014
58. Heart disease and stroke statistics--2013 update: a report from the American Heart Association.
- Author
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Go, Alan S, Mozaffarian, Dariush, Roger, Véronique L, Benjamin, Emelia J, Berry, Jarett D, Borden, William B, Bravata, Dawn M, Dai, Shifan, Ford, Earl S, Fox, Caroline S, Franco, Sheila, Fullerton, Heather J, Gillespie, Cathleen, Hailpern, Susan M, Heit, John A, Howard, Virginia J, Huffman, Mark D, Kissela, Brett M, Kittner, Steven J, Lackland, Daniel T, Lichtman, Judith H, Lisabeth, Lynda D, Magid, David, Marcus, Gregory M, Marelli, Ariane, Matchar, David B, McGuire, Darren K, Mohler, Emile R, Moy, Claudia S, Mussolino, Michael E, Nichol, Graham, Paynter, Nina P, Schreiner, Pamela J, Sorlie, Paul D, Stein, Joel, Turan, Tanya N, Virani, Salim S, Wong, Nathan D, Woo, Daniel, Turner, Melanie B, and American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee
- Subjects
American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee ,Humans ,Heart Diseases ,Prevalence ,Risk Factors ,American Heart Association ,United States ,Stroke ,AHA Scientific Statements ,cardiovascular diseases ,epidemiology ,risk factors ,statistics ,stroke ,Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology ,Clinical Sciences ,Public Health and Health Services ,Cardiovascular System & Hematology - Abstract
Each year, the American Heart Association (AHA), in conjunction with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Institutes of Health, and other government agencies, brings together the most up-to-date statistics on heart disease, stroke, other vascular diseases, and their risk factors and presents them in its Heart Disease and Stroke Statistical Update*The Statistical Update is a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, healthcare policy makers, media professionals, the lay public, and many others who seek the best national data available on heart disease, stroke, and other cardiovascular disease-related morbidity and mortality and the risks, quality of care, medical procedures and operations, and costs associated with the management of these diseases in a single document*Indeed, since 1999, the Statistical Update has been cited >10 500 times in the literature, based on citations of all annual versions*In 2011 alone, the various Statistical Updates were cited ≈1500 times (data from ISI Web of Science)*In recent years, the Statistical Update has undergone some major changes with the addition of new chapters and major updates across multiple areas, as well as increasing the number of ways to access and use the information assembled*For this year's edition, the Statistics Committee, which produces the document for the AHA, updated all of the current chapters with the most recent nationally representative data and inclusion of relevant articles from the literature over the past year*This year's edition also implements a new chapter organization to reflect the spectrum of cardiovascular health behaviors and health factors and risks, as well as subsequent complicating conditions, disease states, and outcomes*Also, the 2013 Statistical Update contains new data on the monitoring and benefits of cardiovascular health in the population, with additional new focus on evidence-based approaches to changing behaviors, implementation strategies, and implications of the AHA's 2020 Impact Goals*Below are a few highlights from this year's Update . © 2013 American Heart Association, Inc.
- Published
- 2013
59. Executive summary: heart disease and stroke statistics--2013 update: a report from the American Heart Association.
- Author
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Go, Alan S, Mozaffarian, Dariush, Roger, Véronique L, Benjamin, Emelia J, Berry, Jarett D, Borden, William B, Bravata, Dawn M, Dai, Shifan, Ford, Earl S, Fox, Caroline S, Franco, Sheila, Fullerton, Heather J, Gillespie, Cathleen, Hailpern, Susan M, Heit, John A, Howard, Virginia J, Huffman, Mark D, Kissela, Brett M, Kittner, Steven J, Lackland, Daniel T, Lichtman, Judith H, Lisabeth, Lynda D, Magid, David, Marcus, Gregory M, Marelli, Ariane, Matchar, David B, McGuire, Darren K, Mohler, Emile R, Moy, Claudia S, Mussolino, Michael E, Nichol, Graham, Paynter, Nina P, Schreiner, Pamela J, Sorlie, Paul D, Stein, Joel, Turan, Tanya N, Virani, Salim S, Wong, Nathan D, Woo, Daniel, Turner, Melanie B, and American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee
- Subjects
American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee ,Humans ,Heart Diseases ,Obesity ,Prevalence ,Age Distribution ,American Heart Association ,United States ,Stroke ,AHA Scientific Statements ,cardiovascular diseases ,epidemiology ,risk factors ,statistics ,stroke ,Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology ,Clinical Sciences ,Public Health and Health Services ,Cardiovascular System & Hematology - Abstract
Each year, the American Heart Association (AHA), in conjunction with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Institutes of Health, and other government agencies, brings together the most up-to-date statistics on heart disease, stroke, other vascular diseases, and their risk factors and presents them in its Heart Disease and Stroke Statistical Update.*The Statistical Update is a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, healthcare policy makers, media professionals, the lay public, and many others who seek the best national data available on heart disease, stroke, and other cardiovascular disease-related morbidity and mortality and the risks, quality of care, medical procedures and operations, and costs associated with the management of these diseases in a single document Indeed, since 1999, the Statistical Update has been cited >10 500 times in the literature, based on citations of all annual versions. In 2011 alone, the various Statistical Updates were cited ∼1500 times (data from ISI Web of Science). In recent years, the Statistical Update has undergone some major changes with the addition of new chapters and major updates across multiple areas, as well as increasing the number of ways to access and use the information assembled. For this year's edition, the Statistics Committee, which produces the document for the AHA, updated all of the current chapters with the most recent nationally representative data and inclusion of relevant articles from the literature over the past year. This year's edition also implements a new chapter organization to reflect the spectrum of cardiovascular health behaviors and health factors and risks, as well as subsequent complicating conditions, disease states, and outcomes. Also, the 2013 Statistical Update contains new data on the monitoring and benefits of cardiovascular health in the population, with additional new focus on evidence-based approaches to changing behaviors, implementation strategies, and implications of the AHA's 2020 Impact Goals. Below are a few highlights from this year's Update. © 2013 American Heart Association, Inc.
- Published
- 2013
60. Relation of plasma ceramides to visceral adiposity, insulin resistance and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus: the Dallas Heart Study
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Neeland, Ian J., Singh, Shruti, McGuire, Darren K., Vega, Gloria L., Roddy, Thomas, Reilly, Dermot F., Castro-Perez, Jose, Kozlitina, Julia, and Scherer, Philipp E.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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61. Hypoglycemia and Cardiovascular Outcomes in the CARMELINA and CAROLINA Trials of Linagliptin: A Secondary Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
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Marx, Nikolaus, Kolkailah, Ahmed A., Rosenstock, Julio, Johansen, Odd Erik, Cooper, Mark E., Alexander, John H., Toto, Robert D., Wanner, Christoph, Espeland, Mark A., Mattheus, Michaela, Schnaidt, Sven, Perkovic, Vlado, Gollop, Nicholas D., and McGuire, Darren K.
- Abstract
IMPORTANCE: Previous studies have reported an association between hypoglycemia and cardiovascular (CV) events in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D), but it is unclear if this association is causal or identifies a high-risk patient phenotype. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the associations between hypoglycemia and CV outcomes. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This secondary analysis was a post hoc assessment of the multinational, double-blind CARMELINA (Cardiovascular and Renal Microvascular Outcome Study With Linagliptin; 2013-2016) and CAROLINA (Cardiovascular Outcome Trial of Linagliptin vs Glimepiride in Type 2 Diabetes; 2010-2018) randomized clinical trials of the antihyperglycemic drug, linagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor. Participants were adults with T2D at high CV risk with or without high kidney risk. By design, participants in the CARMELINA trial had longer duration of T2D and had a higher CV risk than participants in the CAROLINA trial. Data analyses were conducted between June 2021 and June 2023. INTERVENTION: Linagliptin or placebo in the CARMELINA trial, and linagliptin or glimepiride in the CAROLINA trial. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome for both trials was CV death, myocardial infarction (MI), or stroke (3-point major adverse CV events [3P-MACE]). For the present analyses, hospitalization for heart failure (HF) was added. Hypoglycemia was defined as plasma glucose less than 54 mg/dL or severe hypoglycemia (episodes requiring the assistance of another person). Associations between the first hypoglycemic episode and subsequent CV events and between nonfatal CV events (MI, stroke, hospitalization for HF) and subsequent hypoglycemic episodes were assessed using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models. Sensitivity analyses explored the risk of CV events within 60 days after each hypoglycemic episode. RESULTS: In the CARMELINA trial (6979 patients; 4390 males [62.9%]; mean [SD] age, 65.9 [9.1] years), there was an association between hypoglycemia and subsequent 3P-MACE plus hospitalization for HF (hazard ratio [HR], 1.23; 95% CI, 1.04-1.46) as well as between nonfatal CV events and subsequent hypoglycemia (HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.06-1.83). In the CAROLINA trial (6033 patients; 3619 males (60.0%); mean [SD] age, 64.0 [9.5] years), there was no association between hypoglycemia and subsequent 3P-MACE plus hospitalization for HF (HR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.76-1.32) and between nonfatal CV events and subsequent hypoglycemia (HR, 1.44; 95% CI, 0.96-2.16). In analyses of CV events occurring within 60 days after hypoglycemia, there was either no association or too few events to analyze. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This study found bidirectional associations between hypoglycemia and CV outcomes in the CARMELINA trial but no associations in either direction in the CAROLINA trial, challenging the notion that hypoglycemia causes adverse CV events. The findings from the CARMELINA trial suggest that both hypoglycemia and CV events more likely identify patients at high risk for both. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01897532 (CARMELINA) and NCT01243424 (CAROLINA)
- Published
- 2024
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62. Cardiovascular Effects of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists: a Review for the General Cardiologist
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Patel, Kershaw V., Sarraju, Ashish, Neeland, Ian J., and McGuire, Darren K.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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63. Comparison of tirzepatide and dulaglutide on major adverse cardiovascular events in participants with type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: SURPASS‐CVOT design and baseline characteristics.
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Nicholls, Stephen J., Bhatt, Deepak L, Buse, John B, Prato, Stefano Del, Kahn, Steven E, Lincoff, A Michael, McGuire, Darren K, Nauck, Michael A, Nissen, Steven E, Sattar, Naveed, Zinman, Bernard, Zoungas, Sophia, Basile, Jan, Bartee, Amy, Miller, Debra, Nishiyama, Hiroshi, Pavo, Imre, Weerakkody, Govinda, Wiese, Russell J, and D'Alessio, David
- Abstract
Tirzepatide, a once-weekly GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist, reduces blood glucose and body weight in people with type 2 diabetes. The cardiovascular (CV) safety and efficacy of tirzepatide have not been definitively assessed in a cardiovascular outcomes trial. Tirzepatide is being studied in a randomized, double-blind, active-controlled CV outcomes trial. People with type 2 diabetes aged ≥40 years, with established atherosclerotic CV disease, HbA1c ≥7% to ≤10.5%, and body mass index ≥25 kg/m
2 were randomized 1:1 to once weekly subcutaneous injection of either tirzepatide up to 15 mg or dulaglutide 1.5 mg. The primary outcome is time to first occurrence of any major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE), defined as CV death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. The trial is event-driven and planned to continue until ≥1,615 participants experience an adjudication-confirmed component of MACE. The primary analysis is noninferiority for time to first MACE of tirzepatide vs dulaglutide by demonstrating an upper confidence limit <1.05, which will also confirm superiority vs a putative placebo, and also to determine whether tirzepatide produces a greater CV benefit than dulaglutide (superiority analysis). Over 2 years, 13,299 people at 640 sites in 30 countries across all world regions were randomized. The mean age of randomized participants at baseline was 64.1 years, diabetes duration 14.7 years, HbA1c 8.4%, and BMI 32.6 kg/m2 . Overall, 65.0% had coronary disease, of whom 47.3% reported prior myocardial infarction and 57.4% had prior coronary revascularization. 19.1% of participants had a prior stroke and 25.3% had peripheral artery disease. The trial is fully recruited and ongoing. SURPASS-CVOT will provide definitive evidence as to the CV safety and efficacy of tirzepatide as compared with dulaglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist with established CV benefit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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64. Rationale and design of the DAPA-MI trial: Dapagliflozin in patients without diabetes mellitus with acute myocardial infarction.
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James, Stefan, Erlinge, David, Storey, Robert F., McGuire, Darren K., de Belder, Mark, Björkgren, Ida, Johansson, Peter A., Langkilde, Anna Maria, Ridderstråle, Wilhelm, Parvaresh Rizi, Ehsan, Deanfield, John, and Oldgren, Jonas
- Abstract
Therapies that could further prevent the development of heart failure (HF) and other cardiovascular and metabolic events in patients with recent myocardial infarction (MI) represent a large and unmet medical need. DAPA-MI is a multicenter, parallel-group, registry-based, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial in patients without known diabetes or established HF, presenting with MI and impaired left ventricular systolic function or Q-wave MI. The trial evaluated the effect of dapagliflozin 10 mg vs placebo, given once daily in addition to standard of care therapy, on death, hospitalization for HF (HHF), and other cardiometabolic outcomes. The primary objective of the trial was to determine, using the win-ratio method, if dapagliflozin is superior to placebo by comparing the hierarchical composite outcome of death, HHF, nonfatal MI, atrial fibrillation/flutter, new onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus, HF symptoms as measured by New York Heart Association Functional Classification at last visit, and body weight decrease ≥5% at last visit. Assuming a true win-ratio of 1.20 between dapagliflozin and placebo, 4,000 patients provide a statistical power of 80% for the test of the primary composite outcome. A registry-based randomized controlled trial framework allowed for recruitment, randomization, blinding, and pragmatic data collection of baseline demographics, medications, and clinical outcomes using existing national clinical registries (in Sweden and the UK) integrated with the trial database. The trial explores opportunities to improve further the outcome of patients with impaired LV function after MI. The innovative trial design of DAPA-MI, incorporating national clinical registry data, has facilitated efficient patient recruitment as well as outcome ascertainment. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT04564742. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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65. Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: A New Dawn
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Sattar, Naveed, Neeland, Ian J., and McGuire, Darren K.
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- 2024
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66. LGBTQ-Inclusive Curricula: Why Supportive Curricula Matter
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Snapp, Shannon D., McGuire, Jenifer K., Sinclair, Katarina O., Gabrion, Karlee, and Russell, Stephen T.
- Abstract
There is growing attention to lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and questioning (LGBTQ) issues in schools, including efforts to address such issues through the curriculum. This study examines whether students' perceptions of personal safety and school climate safety are stronger when curricula that include LGBTQ people are present and supportive. LGBTQ and straight middle and high school students from California (1232 students from 154 schools) participated in the 2008 Preventing School Harassment survey. They reported their experience of LGBTQ-inclusive curriculum, its level of supportiveness and perceptions of safety. Multilevel methods allowed for an examination of differences between individuals in the same school while controlling for differences between schools. LGBTQ-inclusive curricula were associated with higher reports of safety at the individual and school levels, and lower levels of bullying at the school level. The amount of support also mattered: supportive curricula were related to feeling safer and awareness of bullying at the individual and school levels. The implications of school- versus student-level results for educational policy and practices are discussed.
- Published
- 2015
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67. Managing Obesity in Heart Failure
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Harrington, Josephine, Felker, G. Michael, Lingvay, Ildiko, Pagidipati, Neha J., Pandey, Ambarish, and McGuire, Darren K.
- Abstract
Obesity is associated with incident heart failure (HF), independent of other cardiovascular risk factors. Despite rising rates of both obesity and incident HF, the associations remain poorly understood between: 1) obesity and HF outcomes; and 2) weight loss and HF outcomes. Evidence shows that patients with HF and obesity have high symptom burdens, lower exercise capacity, and higher rates of hospitalization for HF when compared with patients with HF without obesity. However, the impact of weight loss on these outcomes for patients with HF and obesity remains unclear. Recent advances in medical therapies for weight loss have offered a new opportunity for significant and sustained weight loss. Ongoing and recently concluded cardiovascular outcomes trials will offer new insights into the role of weight loss through these therapies in preventing HF and mitigating HF outcomes and symptom burdens among patients with established HF, particularly HF with preserved ejection fraction.
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- 2024
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68. Toleration of Sex Work in East-Central Indiana, 1880–1900
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Desilva, Jennifer Mara, McGuire, Emily K., and Balkenbusch, Cory
- Abstract
ABSTRACT:From 1880 through the gas boom period (1887– 1900), several east-central Indiana towns and small cities hosted thriving brothel scenes. Toleration existed alongside campaigns to arrest and fine sex workers and their clients. Newspapers played an important role in the toleration dynamic, narrating efforts to regulate and suppress sex work, while cultivating public knowledge about sex workers and brothel locations. Exploring reportage of sex work and the municipal preference for fines over expulsion, trends emerge of the careers and migration of sex workers. In contrast to the 1858 prediction of New York City physician William Sanger that sex-worker careers lasted only a few years, newspapers reveal some women working for over a decade. Long careers signal toleration, which undermines the traditional narrative of gender-ratio imbalance prompting the arrival of sex workers in boom-towns. Mapping brothels and arrests in Muncie, Kokomo, and Elwood, Indiana, also challenges the existence of a single vice district in each city, revealing the integration of sex workers into the urban fabric.
- Published
- 2023
69. Antidepressant and antipsychotic side-effects and personalised prescribing: a systematic review and digital tool development
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Pillinger, Toby, Howes, Oliver D, Correll, Christoph U, Leucht, Stefan, Huhn, Maximilian, Schneider-Thoma, Johannes, Gaughran, Fiona, Jauhar, Sameer, McGuire, Philip K, Taylor, David M, Young, Allan H, and McCutcheon, Robert A
- Abstract
Side-effects of psychiatric medication impair quality of life and functioning. Furthermore, they contribute to morbidity, mortality, stigma, and poor treatment concordance resulting in relapse of psychiatric illness. Guidelines recommend discussing side-effects with patients when making treatment decisions, but a synthesis of antidepressant and antipsychotic side-effects to guide this process is missing, and considering all side-effects is a complex, multidimensional process. We aimed to create comprehensive databases of antipsychotic and antidepressant side-effects, and a digital tool to support database navigation.
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- 2023
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70. Sitagliptin does not reduce the risk of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure following myocardial infarction in patients with diabetes: observations from TECOS
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Nauck, Michael A., McGuire, Darren K., Pieper, Karen S., Lokhnygina, Yuliya, Strandberg, Timo E., Riefflin, Axel, Delibasi, Tuncay, Peterson, Eric D., White, Harvey D., Scott, Russell, and Holman, Rury R.
- Published
- 2019
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71. DEVOTE 3: temporal relationships between severe hypoglycaemia, cardiovascular outcomes and mortality
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Pieber, Thomas R., Marso, Steven P., McGuire, Darren K., Zinman, Bernard, Poulter, Neil R., Emerson, Scott S., Pratley, Richard E., Woo, Vincent, Heller, Simon, Lange, Martin, Brown-Frandsen, Kirstine, Moses, Alan, Barner Lekdorf, Jesper, Lehmann, Lucine, Kvist, Kajsa, Buse, John B., and on behalf of the DEVOTE Study Group
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- 2017
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72. Long-term follow-up of intensive glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes
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Patel, Kershaw V. and McGuire, Darren K.
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- 2019
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73. Comparing Top-Down Proteoform Identification: Deconvolution, PrSM Overlap, and PTM Detection.
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Tabb, David L., Jeong, Kyowon, Druart, Karen, Gant, Megan S., Brown, Kyle A., Nicora, Carrie, Zhou, Mowei, Couvillion, Sneha, Nakayasu, Ernesto, Williams, Janet E., Peterson, Haley K., McGuire, Michelle K., McGuire, Mark A., Metz, Thomas O., and Chamot-Rooke, Julia
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- 2023
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74. Dapagliflozin Improves Heart Failure Symptoms and Physical Limitations Across the Full Range of Ejection Fraction: Pooled Patient-Level Analysis From DEFINE-HF and PRESERVED-HF Trials.
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Nassif, Michael E., Windsor, Sheryl L., Gosch, Kensey, Borlaug, Barry A., Husain, Mansoor, Inzucchi, Silvio E., Kitzman, Dalane W., McGuire, Darren K., Pitt, Bertram, Scirica, Benjamin M., Shah, Sanjiv J., Umpierrez, Guillermo, Austin, Bethany A., Lamba, Sumant, Khumri, Taiyeb, Sharma, Kavita, and Kosiborod, Mikhail N.
- Abstract
BACKGROUND:Patients with heart failure (HF) have a high burden of symptoms and physical limitations, regardless of ejection fraction (EF). Whether the benefits of SGLT2 (sodium-glucose cotransporter-2) inhibitors on these outcomes vary across the full range of EF remains unclear.METHODS:Patient-level data were pooled from the DEFINE-HF trial (Dapagliflozin Effects on Biomarkers, Symptoms, and Functional Status in Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction) of 263 participants with reduced EF (≤40%), and PRESERVED-HF trial (Effects of Dapagliflozin on Biomarkers, Symptoms and Functional Status in Patients With Preserved Ejection Fraction Heart Failure) of 324 participants with preserved EF (≥45%). Both were randomized, double-blind 12-week trials of dapagliflozin versus placebo, recruiting participants with New York Heart Association class II or higher and elevated natriuretic peptides. The effect of dapagliflozin on the change in the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) Clinical Summary Score (CSS) at 12 weeks was tested with ANCOVA adjusted for sex, baseline KCCQ, EF, atrial fibrillation, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and type 2 diabetes. Interaction of dapagliflozin effects on KCCQ-CSS by EF was assessed using EF both categorically and continuously with restricted cubic spline. Responder analyses, examining proportions of patients with deterioration, and clinically meaningful improvements in KCCQ-CSS were conducted using logistic regression.RESULTS:Of 587 patients randomized (293 dapagliflozin, 294 placebo), EF was ≤40, >40-≤60, and >60% in 262 (45%), 199 (34%), and 126 (21%), respectively. Dapagliflozin improved KCCQ-CSS at 12 weeks (placebo-adjusted difference 5.0 points [95% CI, 2.6–7.5]; P<0.001). This was consistent in participants with EF≤40 (4.6 points [95% CI, 1.0–8.1]; P=0.01), >40 to ≤60 (4.9 points [95% CI, 0.8–9.0]; P=0.02) and >60% (6.8 points [95% CI, 1.5–12.1]; P=0.01; P
interaction =0.79). Benefits of dapagliflozin on KCCQ-CSS were also consistent when analyzing EF continuously (Pinteraction =0.94). In responder analyses, fewer dapagliflozin-treated patients had deterioration and more had small, moderate, and large KCCQ-CSS improvements versus placebo; these results were also consistent regardless of EF (all Pinteraction values nonsignificant).CONCLUSIONS:In patients with HF, dapagliflozin significantly improves symptoms and physical limitations after 12 weeks of treatment, with consistent and clinically meaningful benefits across the full range of EF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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75. Diagnostic reproducibility of the 2018 classification of gingival recession defects and gingival phenotype: A multicenter inter- and intra-examiner agreement study: Overall0.93 (0.92-0.94)0.95 (0.94-0.96)0.75 (0.68-0.81)0.75 (0.69-0.81)0.87 (0.82-0....
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Prato, Giovanpaolo Pini, Di Gianfilippo, Riccardo, Pannuti, Claudio M., Allen, Edward P., Aroca, Sofia, Avila-Ortiz, Gustavo, Bouchard, Philippe, Cairo, Francesco, Chackartchi, Tali, Cortellini, Pierpaolo, Franceschi, Debora, Mahajan, Ajay, Mancini, Evelyn A., McGuire, Michael K., Natsvlishvili, Tea, Santamaria, Mauro P., Scheyer, E. Todd, Hom-Lay Wang, Kornman, Kenneth, and Chambrone, Leandro
- Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the inter- and intra-examiner agreement among international experts on the diagnosis of gingival recession defects (GRDs) using the 2018 Classification of Gingival Recession Defects and Gingival Phenotype as proposed in the 2017 World Workshop.Materials and Methods: Standardized intraoral photographs from twenty-eight GRDs were evaluated twice by sixteen expert periodontists. Recession type (RT), recession depth (RD), keratinized tissue width (KTW), gingival thickness (GT), detectability of the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) and presence of root steps (RS) were recorded and used for the analysis. Intra- and inter-examiner agreements were calculated for individual variables and for the overall classification. ICC with 95% CI was used for RD and KTW; kappa with 95% CI was used for GT, CEJ and RS; quadratic weighted kappa with 95% CI was used for RT.Results: Overall intra- and inter-examiner agreements were highest for KTW (0.95 and 0.90), lowest for GT (0.75 and 0.41), with the other variables in between (RD: 0.93 and 0.68, RS: 0.87 and 0.65, RT: 0.79 and 0.64, CEJ: 0.75 and 0.57). Overall intra- and inter-examiner agreements for the matrix were 62% and 28%, respectively. Significant effects existed between one variable's measurement and other variables' agreements.Conclusions: The 2018 Classification of GRDs and Gingival Phenotype is clinically reproduceable within the examiners, and when the variables forming the matrix are analyzed individually. The between-examiner agreement for the complete matrix showed lower reproducibility. The agreement was highest for KTW and RD, and least for GT. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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76. Automated microscopy for routine malaria diagnosis: a field comparison on Giemsa-stained blood films in Peru
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Torres, Katherine, Bachman, Christine M., Delahunt, Charles B., Alarcon Baldeon, Jhonatan, Alava, Freddy, Gamboa Vilela, Dionicia, Proux, Stephane, Mehanian, Courosh, McGuire, Shawn K., Thompson, Clay M., Ostbye, Travis, Hu, Liming, Jaiswal, Mayoore S., Hunt, Victoria M., and Bell, David
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- 2018
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77. Should Metformin Remain First-Line Medical Therapy for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease? An Alternative Approach
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Harrington, Josephine L., de Albuquerque Rocha, Natalia, Patel, Kershaw V., Verma, Subodh, and McGuire, Darren K.
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- 2018
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78. Rationale, design, and baseline characteristics of the CArdiovascular safety and Renal Microvascular outcomE study with LINAgliptin (CARMELINA®): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial in patients with type 2 diabetes and high cardio-renal risk
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Rosenstock, Julio, Perkovic, Vlado, Alexander, John H., Cooper, Mark E., Marx, Nikolaus, Pencina, Michael J., Toto, Robert D., Wanner, Christoph, Zinman, Bernard, Baanstra, David, Pfarr, Egon, Mattheus, Michaela, Broedl, Uli C., Woerle, Hans-Juergen, George, Jyothis T., von Eynatten, Maximilian, McGuire, Darren K., and CARMELINA® investigators
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- 2018
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79. Effect of Sotagliflozin on Early Mortality and Heart Failure-Related Events
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Pitt, Bertram, Bhatt, Deepak L., Szarek, Michael, Cannon, Christopher P., Leiter, Lawrence A., McGuire, Darren K., Lewis, Julia B., Riddle, Matthew C., Voors, Adriaan A., Metra, Marco, Lund, Lars H., Komajda, Michel, Testani, Jeffrey M., Wilcox, Christopher S., Ponikowski, Piotr, Lopes, Renato D., Ezekowitz, Justin A., Sun, Franklin, Davies, Michael J., Verma, Subodh, Kosiborod, Mikhail N., and Steg, Ph. Gabriel
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Approximately 25% of patients admitted to hospitals for worsening heart failure (WHF) are readmitted within 30 days.
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- 2023
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80. Autoantibodies to central nervous system neuronal surface antigens: psychiatric symptoms and psychopharmacological implications
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Pollak, T. A., Beck, K., Irani, S. R., Howes, O. D., David, A. S., and McGuire, P. K.
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- 2016
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81. Adolescent Sexual Risk and Multiple Contexts: Interpersonal Violence, Parenting, and Poverty
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Rodgers, Kathleen Boyce and McGuire, Jenifer K.
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In this study we estimated the combined effects of violence experiences, parenting processes, and community poverty on sexual onset, alcohol or other drug (AOD) use at last sex, multiple sex partners, and prior pregnancy in a sample of 7th-, 9th-, and 11th-grade adolescents (n = 7,891), and the subsample of sexually experienced adolescents (n = 2,108). Multilevel multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that having experienced any interpersonal violence, and low levels of perceived parental warmth and parental knowledge predicted sexual onset. Adult sexual abuse or peer sexual coercion increased the odds for AOD use at last sex and having multiple sexual partners. When demographic, violence experiences and parenting behaviors were accounted for, poverty was not associated with sexual onset, AOD use at last sex, or multiple sex partners. Results suggest prevention efforts to reduce teen dating violence may be especially important to diminish sexually risky behaviors among adolescents. (Contains 3 tables.)
- Published
- 2012
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82. Heteronormativity, School Climates, and Perceived Safety for Gender Nonconforming Peers
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Toomey, Russell B., McGuire, Jenifer K., and Russell, Stephen T.
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Students' perceptions of their school climates are associated with psychosocial and academic adjustment. The present study examined the role of school strategies to promote safety in predicting students' perceptions of safety for gender nonconforming peers among 1415 students in 28 high schools. Using multilevel modeling techniques, we examined student- and school-level effects on students' perceptions of safety for gender nonconforming peers. We found that older students, bisexual youth, Latino youth, and youth who experienced school violence perceived their gender nonconforming male peers to be less safe. Similarly, we found that older students and students who experienced school violence and harassment due to gender nonconformity perceived their gender nonconforming female peers to be less safe. At the school-level, we found that when schools included lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) issues in the curriculum and had a Gay-Straight Alliance, students perceived their schools as safer for gender nonconforming male peers. (Contains 3 tables.)
- Published
- 2012
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83. Comparison of Adipose Distribution Indices with Gold Standard Body Composition Assessments in the EMPA-REG H2H SU Trial: A Body Composition Sub-Study
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Neeland, Ian J., McGuire, Darren K., Eliasson, Björn, Ridderstråle, Martin, Zeller, Cordula, Woerle, Hans J., Broedl, Uli C., and Johansen, Odd Erik
- Published
- 2015
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84. School Climate for Transgender Youth: A Mixed Method Investigation of Student Experiences and School Responses
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McGuire, Jenifer K., Anderson, Charles R., and Toomey, Russell B.
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Transgender youth experience negative school environments and may not benefit directly from interventions defined to support Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual (LGB) youth. This study utilized a multi-method approach to consider the issues that transgender students encounter in school environments. Using data from two studies, survey data (total n = 2260, 68 transgender youth) from study 1 and focus groups (n = 35) from study 2, we examine transgender youth's experience of school harassment, school strategies implemented to reduce harassment, the protective role of supportive school personnel, and individual responses to harassment, including dropping out and changing schools. In both studies, we found that school harassment due to transgender identity was pervasive, and this harassment was negatively associated with feelings of safety. When schools took action to reduce harassment, students reported greater connections to school personnel. Those connections were associated with greater feelings of safety. The indirect effects of school strategies to reduce harassment on feelings of safety through connection to adults were also significant. Focus group data illuminate specific processes schools can engage in to benefit youth, and how the youth experience those interventions.
- Published
- 2010
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85. Superior Temporal Activation as a Function of Linguistic Knowledge: Insights from Deaf Native Signers Who Speechread
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Capek, Cheryl M., Woll, Bencie, MacSweeney, Mairead, Waters, Dafydd, McGuire, Philip K., David, Anthony S., Brammer, Michael J., and Campbell, Ruth
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Studies of spoken and signed language processing reliably show involvement of the posterior superior temporal cortex. This region is also reliably activated by observation of meaningless oral and manual actions. In this study we directly compared the extent to which activation in posterior superior temporal cortex is modulated by linguistic knowledge irrespective of differences in language form. We used a novel cross-linguistic approach in two groups of volunteers who differed in their language experience. Using fMRI, we compared deaf native signers of British Sign Language (BSL), who were also proficient speechreaders of English (i.e., two languages) with hearing people who could speechread English, but knew no BSL (i.e., one language). Both groups were presented with BSL signs and silently spoken English words, and were required to respond to a signed or spoken target. The interaction of group and condition revealed activation in the superior temporal cortex, bilaterally, focused in the posterior superior temporal gyri (pSTG, BA 42/22). In hearing people, these regions were activated more by speech than by sign, but in deaf respondents they showed similar levels of activation for both language forms--suggesting that posterior superior temporal regions are highly sensitive to language knowledge irrespective of the mode of delivery of the stimulus material. (Contains 1 figure and 1 table.)
- Published
- 2010
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86. Creating Spaces to Support Transgender Youth
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McGuire, Jenifer K. and Conover-Williams, Meredith
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This article explores the opportunity to create spaces within the family, school, and community that specifically promote the well-being of transgender adolescents and young adults. When social contexts are supportive, transgender youth report significantly less risk. Supportive home and school environments have been linked to better outcomes among transgender youth. In some cases support via youth organizations can mitigate the influences of a negative home or school environment through direct services to youth and their families, outreach to community allies, and advocacy in local policies. The article concludes with recommendations for youth organizations to be inclusive and supportive of all gender identities and expressions. (Contains 1 table and 2 boxes.)
- Published
- 2010
87. Policy Approaches to Offset Childhood Food Insecurity and Obesity
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Broberg, Danielle M., Broberg, Katharine A., and McGuire, Jenifer K.
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Policies originally designed to address food insecurity are in need of revision due to rising rates of obesity among those they serve. Within the context of national policies, this article uses an ecological perspective to consider the links between food insecurity and obesity. The recommendations include adjusting the nutritional standards of the National School Lunch Program (NSLP), updating program options for the NSLP to include some family-based meals, and increasing funding to evidence-based community programs such as the Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP).
- Published
- 2009
88. Adolescent Perceptions of School Safety for Students with Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Parents
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Russell, Stephen T., McGuire, Jenifer K., Lee, Sun-A, Larriva, Jacqueline C., and Laub, Carolyn
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A growing body of research indicates that lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) students are often unsafe at school. Little research has examined school safety for students with LGBT parents. We examined adolescents' perceptions of school safety for students with LGBT parents using data from a survey of 2,302 California sixth through twelfth grade students. We examined the influence of adolescents' personal characteristics and school environments on perceptions of school safety for students with LGBT parents. Compared to heterosexual students, adolescents who identified as LGBT were less likely to perceive their schools as safe for students with LGBT parents. Students who received education on LGBT issues knew where to get information about LGBT issues and had teachers that step in to prevent harassment were more likely to say that their schools were safe for students with LGBT parents. Implications for educational policy and practice are discussed. (Contains 2 tables.)
- Published
- 2008
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89. Community Service for Youth: The Value of Psychological Engagement over Number of Hours Spent
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McGuire, Jenifer K. and Gamble, Wendy C.
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This study examined the relative contribution of psychological engagement with a service activity and number of hours spent in that activity as predictors of change over time in community belonging and social responsibility. Sixty-eight primarily rural adolescents participated as teen leaders in a sexuality education program, and completed assessments of social responsibility and community belonging before and after program participation. Psychological engagement with the service activity and number of hours spent were used to predict changes in social responsibility and community belonging, while controlling for gender, prior program participation, and sexual behaviour history. Psychological engagement, but not number of hours spent, accounted for significant unique variability of change in community belonging and social responsibility.
- Published
- 2006
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90. Predicting Cardiovascular Risk in Type 2 Diabetes: the Heterogeneity Challenges
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Gore, M. Odette, McGuire, Darren K., Lingvay, Ildiko, and Rosenstock, Julio
- Published
- 2015
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91. State-of-the-Art: Hypo-responsiveness to Oral Antiplatelet Therapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
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Kumbhani, Dharam J., Marso, Steven P., Alvarez, Carlos A., and McGuire, Darren K.
- Published
- 2015
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92. Twenty Years of Cardiovascular Complications and Risk Factors in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Swedish Cohort Study
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Sattar, Naveed, McMurray, John, Borén, Jan, Rawshani, Araz, Omerovic, Elmir, Berg, Niklas, Halminen, Janita, Skoglund, Kristoffer, Eliasson, Björn, Gerstein, Hertzel C., McGuire, Darren K., Bhatt, Deepak, and Rawshani, Aidin
- Published
- 2023
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93. Association of Cardiac Biomarkers With Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in High-risk Patients With Diabetes: A Secondary Analysis of the DECLARE-TIMI 58 Trial
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Zelniker, Thomas A., Wiviott, Stephen D., Mosenzon, Ofri, Goodrich, Erica L., Jarolim, Petr, Cahn, Avivit, Bhatt, Deepak L., Leiter, Lawrence A., McGuire, Darren K., Wilding, John, Averkov, Oleg, Budaj, Andrzej, Parkhomenko, Alexander, Ray, Kausik K., Gause-Nilsson, Ingrid, Langkilde, Anna Maria, Fredriksson, Martin, Raz, Itamar, Sabatine, Marc S., and Morrow, David A.
- Abstract
IMPORTANCE: Dapagliflozin reduces the risk of hospitalizations for heart failure and the progression of chronic kidney disease in patients with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D), whereas the effects on reducing atherosclerotic events appear less clear. OBJECTIVE: To explore whether N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hsTnT) levels can identify a subset of patients with T2D at higher risk and who might benefit more from dapagliflozin with regard to atherosclerotic events. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This was a secondary analysis of the DECLARE-TIMI 58 trial, a randomized clinical trial of dapagliflozin in patients with T2D and either multiple risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD; approximately 60%) or established ASCVD (approximately 40%). All patients with available blood samples at randomization were included in these analyses. Data were collected from May 2013 to September 2018, and data were analyzed from May 2019 to June 2022. INTERVENTIONS: Dapagliflozin vs placebo. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), the composite of myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, or cardiovascular death, which was one of dual primary outcomes of the main trial. RESULTS: Of 14 565 included patients, 9143 (62.8%) were male, and the mean (SD) age was 63.9 (6.8) years. When tested individually in a multivariable model for MACE risk, NT-proBNP and hsTnT were each significantly associated with the risk of MACE (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] per 1 SD in log-transformed biomarker: NT-proBNP, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.49-1.76; hsTnT: 1.59; 95% CI, 1.46-1.74). The magnitude of the association was similar in patients with ASCVD (NT-proBNP: aHR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.45-1.77; hsTnT: aHR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.45-1.81) and multiple risk factors for ASCVD (NT-proBNP: aHR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.40-1.88; hsTnT: aHR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.29-1.77). Moreover, both biomarkers remained independently associated with MACE when both were included in the multivariable model (NT-proBNP: aHR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.34-1.60; hsTnT: aHR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.26-1.53). Modeled as a continuous variable, baseline biomarker levels did not modify the relative treatment effect of dapagliflozin vs placebo with MACE. However, the relative risk reduction numerically grew with higher biomarker levels, as did the baseline risk. Thus, MACE event rates were nominally lower in dapagliflozin-treated vs placebo-treated patients with biomarker concentrations in the top quartile (NT-proBNP: HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.71-0.97; absolute risk reduction [ARR], 2.4%; hsTnT: HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.72-0.99; ARR, 2.7%), whereas there was no significant treatment effect in patients with biomarkers levels in quartiles 1 to 3 (NT-proBNP: HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.88-1.18; ARR, 0%; hsTnT: HR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.84-1.13; ARR, 0.2%). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this study, NT-proBNP and hsTnT levels were associated with the risk for future cardiovascular events in both primary and secondary prevention patients with T2D. Both cardiac biomarkers were helpful to identify patients at very high risk for atherosclerotic events that may derive reduction in risk of MACE with dapagliflozin. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01730534
- Published
- 2023
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94. Diagnostic reproducibility of the 2018 Classification of Gingival Recession Defects and Gingival Phenotype: A multicenter inter‐ and intra‐examiner agreement study
- Author
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Pini Prato, Giovanpaolo, Di Gianfilippo, Riccardo, Pannuti, Claudio M., Allen, Edward P., Aroca, Sofia, Avila‐Ortiz, Gustavo, Bouchard, Philippe, Cairo, Francesco, Chackartchi, Tali, Cortellini, Pierpaolo, Franceschi, Debora, Mahajan, Ajay, Mancini, Evelyn A., McGuire, Michael K., Natsvlishvili, Tea, Santamaria, Mauro P., Scheyer, E. Todd, Wang, Hom‐Lay, Kornman, Kenneth, and Chambrone, Leandro
- Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the inter‐ and intra‐examiner agreement among international experts on the diagnosis of gingival recession defects using the 2018 Classification of Gingival Recession Defects and Gingival Phenotype as proposed in the 2017 World Workshop. Standardized intraoral photographs from 28 gingival recession defects were evaluated twice by 16 expert periodontists. Recession type (RT), recession depth (RD), keratinized tissue width (KTW), gingival thickness (GT), detectability of the cemento‐enamel junction (CEJ), and presence of root steps (RS) were recorded and used for the analysis. Intra‐ and inter‐examiner agreements were calculated for individual variables and for the overall classification. Intraclass correlation coefficient with 95% CI was used for RD and KTW; Kappa with 95% CI was used for GT, CEJ, and RS; quadratic weighted Kappa with 95% CI was used for RT. Overall intra‐ and inter‐examiner agreements were highest for KTW (0.95 and 0.90), lowest for GT (0.75 and 0.41), with the other variables in between (RD: 0.93 and 0.68, RS: 0.87 and 0.65, RT: 0.79 and 0.64, CEJ: 0.75 and 0.57). Overall intra‐ and inter‐examiner agreements for the matrix were 62% and 28%, respectively. Significant effects existed between one variable's measurement and other variables’ agreements. The 2018 Classification of Gingival Recession Defects and Gingival Phenotype is clinically reproducible within the examiners, and when the variables forming the matrix are analyzed individually. The between‐examiner agreement for the complete matrix showed lower reproducibility. The agreement was highest for KTW and RD, and least for GT.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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95. The Teaching of Reading by English Teachers in Public High Schools: A National Survey. Interim Report.
- Author
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Illinois State-Wide Curriculum Study Center in the Preparation of Secondary English Teachers, Urbana. and McGuire, George K.
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Focusing on the teaching of reading, this study investigated the educational preparation, teaching practices, and personal attitudes of English teachers in public high schools throughout the United States. Questionnaires were mailed to 2004 randomly selected secondary school members of the National Council of Teachers of English. Results from a 60% response indicated that (1) a large majority of teachers in the sample felt a need for teaching reading in high school and accepted this responsibility, (2) most teachers who gave reading instruction felt inadequately prepared to teach reading, (3) teachers' preparation for teaching reading has not significantly improved in recent years, and (4) better prepared teachers used more recommended reading practices and noted their own effectiveness in teaching reading more favorably than did those less well-prepared. (Author/MP)
- Published
- 1969
96. Effects of dapagliflozin on hospitalisations in people with type 2 diabetes: post-hoc analyses of the DECLARE-TIMI 58 trial
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Schechter, Meir, Wiviott, Stephen D, Raz, Itamar, Goodrich, Erica L, Rozenberg, Aliza, Yanuv, Ilan, Murphy, Sabina A, Zelniker, Thomas A, Fredriksson, Martin, Johansson, Peter A, Leiter, Lawrence A, Bhatt, Deepak L, McGuire, Darren K, Wilding, John P H, Gause-Nilsson, Ingrid A M, Cahn, Avivit, Langkilde, Anna Maria, Sabatine, Marc S, and Mosenzon, Ofri
- Abstract
In people with type 2 diabetes at high risk of cardiovascular or kidney disease, sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors consistently reduce the risk of hospitalisations for heart failure. Less is known about their effects on hospitalisation from any cause, especially in people with type 2 diabetes without atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, which includes most of the global population of people with type 2 diabetes. We aimed to assess the effect of the SGLT2 inhibitor, dapagliflozin, on the risks of hospitalisations for any cause and for specific causes in people with type 2 diabetes with and without atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
- Published
- 2023
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97. Correction to: Comparison of Adipose Distribution Indices with Gold Standard Body Composition Assessments in the EMPA-REG H2H SU Trial: A Body Composition Sub-Study
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Neeland, Ian J., McGuire, Darren K., Eliasson, Björn, Ridderstråle, Martin, Zeller, Cordula, Woerle, Hans J., Broedl, Uli C., and Johansen, Odd Erik
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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98. Ressonância magnética funcional e sua contribuição para o estudo da cognição em esquizofrenia
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Arcuri Silvia M and McGuire Philip K
- Subjects
Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Published
- 2001
99. Protein kinase B (AKT1) genotype mediates sensitivity to cannabis-induced impairments in psychomotor control
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Bhattacharyya, S., Iyegbe, C., Atakan, Z., Martin-Santos, R., Crippa, J. A., Xu, X., Williams, S., Brammer, M., Rubia, K., Prata, D., Collier, D. A., and McGuire, P. K.
- Published
- 2014
100. Preliminary report of biological basis of sensitivity to the effects of cannabis on psychosis: AKT1 and DAT1 genotype modulates the effects of δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on midbrain and striatal function
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Bhattacharyya, S, Atakan, Z, Martin-Santos, R, Crippa, J A, Kambeitz, J, Prata, D, Williams, S, Brammer, M, Collier, D A, and McGuire, P K
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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