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The article presents a study on the molecular phylogeny of remoras or Echeneoidea and relative species, Coryphanenidae or dolphinfishes and Rachycentridae or cobia, which comprise the family of Echeneoidea. It examines the evolutionary relationships within the Echeneoidea members through the analyses of the concatenated mitochondrial DNA sequences and concatenated mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences. Hypotheses generated using the optimality criterion parsimony, likelihood and Bayesian, were largely consistent between M-only and M + N gene phylogenies. The study resolves that the Echeneoidea was a monophyletic group, while the genus of Remora was paraphyletic.

This article presents a study regarding an investigation of the global population structure of the marlinsucker inferred from mitochondrial control region DNA sequence analysis. It discusses that nucleotide sequences from the hypervariable mitochondrial control region were used to determine phylogeographic structuring in the marlinsucker. It discusses that complete DNA sequences were isolated from 71 individuals collected and analyses of molecular variance resolved significant levels of population structuring among collections from the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.

Aim. This study aimed to gain in-depth understanding of the actual hospital and home experience of patients with diabetes and a critical cardiac event to assist in developing a pertinent diabetes self-management programme. Background. Type 2 diabetes can lead to cardiac complications requiring critical nursing care. Patients with diabetes and a history of cardiac disease are at greater risk of a further cardiac event. Greater self-efficacy or confidence in regulating diabetes and reducing the risk of a further cardiac event can be achieved through self-management programmes. However, the start of such a programme within the critical care environment presents challenges to critical care staff. It is important to understand patients’ experiences and needs to improve quality of care. Design. An interpretive approach comprising open-ended interviews was used to collect data from patients with type 2 diabetes experiencing a cardiac event who had a coronary care unit admission in 2002–2003. Findings. The findings revealed that patients with diabetes who had a critical cardiac event experienced considerable feelings of hopelessness and fatigue. Patients also had concerns in the areas of self-confidence and confidence in health professionals. Patients indicated that greater self-confidence and confidence in health professionals would help their ability to manage their daily lives. Conclusion. This paper provides in-depth understanding of the perspectives of patients with type 2 diabetes who have also been hospitalized for a critical cardiac event. This study concluded that further research is needed to fully explore whether enhancing self-confidence for these patients will lead to improved diabetes management, reduced negative feelings and more positive health outcomes. Relevance to clinical practice. The themes identified in this study provide direction and strategies for nursing staff to improve patients’ confidence levels and reduce their feelings of hopelessness and fatigue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims. To explore differences in self-care behaviour according to demographic and illness characteristics; and relationships among self-care behaviour and demographic and illness characteristics, efficacy expectations and outcome expectations of people with type 2 diabetes in Taiwan. Background. Most people with diabetes do not control their disease appropriately in Taiwan. Enhanced self-efficacy towards managing diseases can be an effective way of improving disease control as proposed by the self-efficacy model which provides a useful framework for understanding adherence to self-care behaviours. Design and methods. The sample comprised 145 patients with type 2 diabetes aged 30 years or more from diabetes outpatient clinics in Taipei. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire for this study. One-wayanova, t-tests, Pearson product moment correlation and hierarchical regression were analysed for the study. Results. Significant differences were found: between self-care behaviour and complications ( t = −2·52, p < 0·01) and patient education ( t = −1·96, p < 0·05). Self-care behaviour was significantly and positively correlated with duration of diabetes ( r = 0·36, p < 0·01), efficacy expectations ( r = 0·54, p < 0·01) and outcome expectations ( r = 0·44, p < 0·01). A total of 39·1% of variance in self-care behaviour can be explained by duration of diabetes, efficacy expectations and outcome expectations. Conclusions. Findings support the use of the self-efficacy model as a framework for understanding adherence to self-care behaviour. Relevance to clinical practice. Using self-efficacy theory when designing patient education interventions for people with type 2 diabetes will enhance self-management routines and assist in reducing major complications in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the evaluation of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene region as a molecular marker. The study identified suites of nucleotide polymorphisms that unambiguously distinguish among scombrid species. Species identification and degraded tissue sample analysis was sufficed with a shorter 250 base pair fragment of COI.

The article focuses on the genetic basis of stock structure of white marlin (Tetrapturus albidus) was determined from analysis of five tetranucleotide repeat microsatellite loci and the mitochondrial control region of white marlin from four geographic locations in the Atlantic Ocean. Genetic variation was seen in all collections for all molecular markers.

The article focuses on the phylogeny of billfishes. Billfishes are genetically and morphologically different enough from scombroids to merit placement in a separate suborder, Xiphioidei. The extant families recognized are Xiphiidae and Istriophoridae which contain three genera, sailfishes, marlins and spearfishes. Molecular data from mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences show a different picture of relationships.

This article documents the addition of 473 microsatellite marker loci and 71 pairs of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sequencing primers to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Barteria fistulosa, Bombus morio, Galaxias platei, Hematodinium perezi, Macrocentrus cingulum Brischke (a.k.a. M. abdominalis Fab., M. grandii Goidanich or M. gifuensis Ashmead), Micropogonias furnieri, Nerita melanotragus, Nilaparvata lugens Stål, Sciaenops ocellatus, Scomber scombrus, Spodoptera frugiperda and Turdus lherminieri. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Barteria dewevrei, Barteria nigritana, Barteria solida, Cynoscion acoupa, Cynoscion jamaicensis, Cynoscion leiarchus, Cynoscion nebulosus, Cynoscion striatus, Cynoscion virescens, Macrodon ancylodon, Menticirrhus americanus, Nilaparvata muiri and Umbrina canosai. This article also documents the addition of 116 sequencing primer pairs for Dicentrarchus labrax., (© 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.)

Aim: This study aimed to gain in-depth understanding of the actual hospital and home experience of patients with diabetes and a critical cardiac event to assist in developing a pertinent diabetes self-management programme., Background: Type 2 diabetes can lead to cardiac complications requiring critical nursing care. Patients with diabetes and a history of cardiac disease are at greater risk of a further cardiac event. Greater self-efficacy or confidence in regulating diabetes and reducing the risk of a further cardiac event can be achieved through self-management programmes. However, the start of such a programme within the critical care environment presents challenges to critical care staff. It is important to understand patients' experiences and needs to improve quality of care., Design: An interpretive approach comprising open-ended interviews was used to collect data from patients with type 2 diabetes experiencing a cardiac event who had a coronary care unit admission in 2002-2003., Findings: The findings revealed that patients with diabetes who had a critical cardiac event experienced considerable feelings of hopelessness and fatigue. Patients also had concerns in the areas of self-confidence and confidence in health professionals. Patients indicated that greater self-confidence and confidence in health professionals would help their ability to manage their daily lives., Conclusion: This paper provides in-depth understanding of the perspectives of patients with type 2 diabetes who have also been hospitalized for a critical cardiac event. This study concluded that further research is needed to fully explore whether enhancing self-confidence for these patients will lead to improved diabetes management, reduced negative feelings and more positive health outcomes., Relevance to Clinical Practice: The themes identified in this study provide direction and strategies for nursing staff to improve patients' confidence levels and reduce their feelings of hopelessness and fatigue.