19,764 results on '"McCarthy, Michael"'
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52. Technology in and out of the Classroom
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McCarthy, Michael, primary and Walsh, Steve, additional
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- 2023
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53. Discovery of the Pure Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Indene ($c$-C$_9$H$_8$) with GOTHAM Observations of TMC-1
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Burkhardt, Andrew M., Lee, Kin Long Kelvin, Changala, P. Bryan, Shingledecker, Christopher N., Cooke, Ilsa R., Loomis, Ryan A., Wei, Hongji, Charnley, Steven B., Herbst, Eric, McCarthy, Michael C., and McGuire, Brett A.
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Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies - Abstract
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) have long been invoked in the study of interstellar and protostellar sources, but the unambiguous identification of any individual PAH has proven elusive until very recently. As a result, the formation mechanisms for this important class of molecules remain poorly constrained. Here we report the first interstellar detection of a pure hydrocarbon PAH, indene (C$_9$H$_8$), as part of the GBT Observations of TMC-1: Hunting for Aromatic Molecules (GOTHAM) survey. This detection provides a new avenue for chemical inquiry, complementing the existing detections of CN-functionalized aromatic molecules. From fitting the GOTHAM observations, indene is found to be the most abundant organic ring detected in TMC-1 to date. And from astrochemical modeling with NAUTILUS, the observed abundance is greater than the model's prediction by several orders of magnitude suggesting that current formation pathways in astrochemical models are incomplete. The detection of indene in relatively high abundance implies related species such as cyanoindene, cyclopentadiene, toluene, and styrene may be detectable in dark clouds., Comment: 18 pages, 2 figures and 3 tables in the main text. 1 table and 1 figure in the Appendix. Published in The Astrophysical Journal Letters. Supplementary data available in the DataVerse entry provided in text
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- 2021
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54. Trajectory Tracking Control of 3-RPS Parallel Mechanism Based on Udwadia-Kalaba Equation
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Li, Duanling, Yin, Xiaoqin, Wei, Yongkang, Mccarthy, Michael, Kong, Xianwen, Ceccarelli, Marco, Series Editor, Agrawal, Sunil K., Advisory Editor, Corves, Burkhard, Advisory Editor, Glazunov, Victor, Advisory Editor, Hernández, Alfonso, Advisory Editor, Huang, Tian, Advisory Editor, Jauregui Correa, Juan Carlos, Advisory Editor, Takeda, Yukio, Advisory Editor, and Okada, Masafumi, editor
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- 2023
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55. Biomechanics of the Lumbar Spine
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Ghoshal, Abhijeet, McCarthy, Michael J. H., Nath, Chinmay, Section editor, Banerjee, Arindam, editor, Biberthaler, Peter, editor, and Shanmugasundaram, Saseendar, editor
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- 2023
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56. Beyond Abstractionism: Notes on Conjunctural State Theory
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McCarthy, Michael A., Thompson, Michael J., Series Editor, Hunter, Rob, editor, Khachaturian, Rafael, editor, and Nanopoulos, Eva, editor
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- 2023
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57. Speaking and Listening: Two Sides of the Same Coin
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McCarthy, Michael, McCarten, Jeanne, Harrington, Kieran, editor, and Ronan, Patricia, editor
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- 2023
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58. McCarthy, Michael J.: THE WINSHIP FAMILY
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The Winship Family (Novel) -- McCarthy, Michael J. -- Book reviews ,Books -- Book reviews ,Business ,Library and information science ,Publishing industry - Abstract
McCarthy, Michael J. THE WINSHIP FAMILY CreateSpace (Indie Fiction) $15.99 1, 14 ISBN: 978-1475263022 Set in the 19th century, this novel follows the lives of Protestant Anglo-Irish landowners William Winship [...]
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- 2013
59. McCarthy, Michael. The Political Humanism of Hannah Arendt
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Hanink, James G.
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The Political Humanism of Hannah Arendt (Nonfiction work) -- McCarthy, Michael -- Book reviews ,Books -- Book reviews ,Philosophy and religion - Abstract
MCCARTHY, Michael. The Political Humanism of Hannah Arendt. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2012. ix + 311 pages. Cloth, $100.00--Michael H. McCarthy essays to blend the best of political liberalism and [...]
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- 2014
60. Patient knowledge, personal experience, and impact of the first wave of the COVD-19 pandemic in an Irish oncology cohort
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Kieran, Ruth, Moloney, Carolyn, Alken, Scheryll, Corrigan, Lynda, Gallagher, David, Grant, Cliona, Kelleher, Fergal, Kennedy, M. John, Lowery, Maeve A., McCarthy, Michael, O’Donnell, Dearbhaile M., Sukor, Sue, and Cuffe, Sinead
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- 2023
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61. Laboratory rotational spectroscopy of the magnesium-carbon chains MgC[formula omitted]H and MgC[formula omitted]N
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Changala, P. Bryan, Genossar-Dan, Nadav, Baraban, Joshua H., and McCarthy, Michael C.
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- 2024
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62. Feasibility and utility of mobile health interventions for depression and anxiety in rural populations: A scoping review
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McCarthy, Michael J., Wicker, Alexandra, Roddy, Juliette, Remiker, Mark, Roy, Indrakshi, McCoy, Megan, Cerino, Eric S., and Baldwin, Julie
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- 2024
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63. Rotational detection of the silicon-carbon chains H2C3Si and HSiCCH
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McCarthy, Michael C., Changala, P. Bryan, and Carroll, P. Brandon
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- 2024
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64. Overall survival with [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 versus cabazitaxel in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (TheraP): secondary outcomes of a randomised, open-label, phase 2 trial
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Akhurst, Tim, Alipour, Ramin, Bailey, Dale, Banks, Patricia, Beaulieu, Alexis, Campbell, Louise, Crumbaker, Megan, Dhiantravan, Nattakorn, Hamid, Anis, Haskali, Mohammad, Hung, Terry, Kong, Grace, Lawrence, Nick, Lewin, Jeremy, McCarthy, Michael, Moodie, Kate, Murphy, Declan, Nguyen, Andrew, Pook, David, Ravi Kumar, Aravind, Roach, Paul, Roselt, Peter, Saghebi, Javad, Schembri, Geoff, Spain, Lavinia, Subramaniam, Shalini, Thang, Sue Ping, Thomas, Paul, Tran, Ben, Wallace, Roslyn, Yip, Sonia, Hofman, Michael S, Emmett, Louise, Sandhu, Shahneen, Iravani, Amir, Buteau, James P, Joshua, Anthony M, Goh, Jeffrey C, Pattison, David A, Tan, Thean Hsiang, Kirkwood, Ian D, Ng, Siobhan, Francis, Roslyn J, Gedye, Craig, Rutherford, Natalie K, Weickhardt, Andrew, Scott, Andrew M, Lee, Sze-Ting, Kwan, Edmond M, Azad, Arun A, Ramdave, Shakher, Redfern, Andrew D, Macdonald, William, Guminski, Alex, Hsiao, Edward, Chua, Wei, Lin, Peter, Zhang, Alison Yan, Stockler, Martin R, Williams, Scott G, Martin, Andrew J, and Davis, Ian D
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- 2024
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65. Detection of Two Interstellar Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons via Spectral Matched Filtering
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McGuire, Brett A., Loomis, Ryan A., Burkhardt, Andrew M., Lee, Kin Long Kelvin, Shingledecker, Christopher N., Charnely, Steven B., Cooke, Ilsa R., Cordiner, Martin A., Herbst, Eric, Kalenskii, Sergei, Siebert, Mark A., Willis, Eric R., Xue, Ci, Remijan, Anthony J., and McCarthy, Michael C.
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Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies - Abstract
Ubiquitous unidentified infrared emission bands are seen in many astronomical sources. Although these bands are widely, if not unanimously, attributed to the collective emission from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, no single species from this class has been detected in space. We present the discovery of two -CN functionalized polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, 1- and 2-cyanonaphthalene, in the interstellar medium aided by spectral matched filtering. Using radio observations with the Green Bank Telescope, we observe both bi-cyclic ring molecules in the molecular cloud TMC-1. We discuss potential in situ gas-phase formation pathways from smaller organic precursor molecules.
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- 2021
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66. Aromatics and Cyclic Molecules in Molecular Clouds: A New Dimension of Interstellar Organic Chemistry
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McCarthy, Michael C. and McGuire, Brett A.
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Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies - Abstract
Astrochemistry lies at the nexus of astronomy, chemistry, and molecular physics. On the basis of precise laboratory data, a rich collection of more than 200 familiar and exotic molecules have been identified in the interstellar medium, the vast majority by their unique rotational fingerprint. Despite this large body of work, there is scant evidence in the radio band for the basic building blocks of chemistry on earth -- five and six-membered rings -- despite long standing and sustained efforts during the past 50 years. In contrast, a peculiar structural motif, highly unsaturated carbon in a chain-like arrangement, is instead quite common in space. The recent astronomical detection of cyanobenzene, the simplest aromatic nitrile, in the dark molecular cloud TMC-1, and soon afterwards in additional pre-stellar, and possibly protostellar sources, establishes that aromatic chemistry is likely widespread in the earliest stages of star formation. The subsequent discovery of cyanocyclopentadienes and even cyanonapthlenes in TMC-1 provides further evidence that organic molecules of considerable complexity are readily synthesized in regions with high visual extinction but where the low temperature and pressure are remarkably low. This review focuses on laboratory efforts now underway to understand the rich transition region between linear and planar carbon structures using microwave spectroscopy. We present key features, advantages, and disadvantages of current detection methods, a discussion of the types of molecules found in space and in the laboratory, and approaches under development to identify entirely new species in complex mixtures. Studies focusing on the cyanation of hydrocarbons and the formation of benzene from acyclic precursors are highlighted, as is the role that isotopic studies might play in elucidating the chemical pathways to ring formation., Comment: Journal of Physical Chemistry A, accepted
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- 2021
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67. Interstellar Detection of 2-Cyanocyclopentadiene, C$_5$H$_5$CN, a Second Five-Membered Ring Toward TMC-1
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Lee, Kin Long Kelvin, Changala, P. Bryan, Loomis, Ryan A., Burkhardt, Andrew M., Xue, Ci, Cordiner, Martin A., Charnley, Steven B., McCarthy, Michael C., and McGuire, Brett A.
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Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies - Abstract
Using radio observations with the Green Bank Telescope, evidence has now been found for a second five-membered ring in the dense cloud Taurus Molecular Cloud-1 (TMC-1). Based on additional observations of an ongoing, large-scale, high-sensitivity spectral line survey (GOTHAM) at centimeter wavelengths toward this source, we have used a combination of spectral stacking, Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), and matched filtering techniques to detect 2-cyanocyclopentadiene, a low-lying isomer of 1-cyanocyclopentadiene, which was recently discovered there by the same methods. The new observational data also yields a considerably improved detection significance for the more stable isomer and evidence for several individual transitions between 23 - 32 GHz. Through our MCMC analysis, we derive total column densities of $8.3\times10^{11}$ and $1.9\times10^{11}$ cm$^{-2}$ for 1- and 2-cyanocyclopentadiene respectively, corresponding to a ratio of 4.4(6) favoring the former. The derived abundance ratios point towards a common formation pathway - most likely being cyanation of cyclopentadiene by analogy to benzonitrile., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures and 1 table in the main text. 2 tables and 2 figures in the Appendix. Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal Letters. Supplementary data available in the DataVerse entry provided in text
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- 2021
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68. A rotational and vibrational investigation of phenylpropiolonitrile (C$_6$H$_5$C$_3$N)
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Buchanan, Zachary, Lee, Kin Long Kelvin, Chitarra, Olivia, McCarthy, Michael C., Pirali, Olivier, and Martin-Drumel, Marie-Aline
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Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies ,Physics - Chemical Physics - Abstract
The evidence for benzonitrile (C$_6$H$_5$CN}) in the starless cloud core TMC-1 makes high-resolution studies of other aromatic nitriles and their ring-chain derivatives especially timely. One such species is phenylpropiolonitrile (3-phenyl-2-propynenitrile, C$_6$H$_5$C$_3$N), whose spectroscopic characterization is reported here for the first time. The low resolution (0.5 cm$^{-1}$) vibrational spectrum of C$_6$H$_5$C$_3$N} has been recorded at far- and mid-infrared wavelengths (50 - 3500 cm$^{-1}$) using a Fourier Transform interferometer, allowing for the assignment of band centers of 14 fundamental vibrational bands. The pure rotational spectrum of the species has been investigated using a chirped-pulse Fourier transform microwave (FTMW) spectrometer (6 - 18 GHz), a cavity enhanced FTMW instrument (6 - 20 GHz), and a millimeter-wave one (75 - 100 GHz, 140 - 214 GHz). Through the assignment of more than 6200 lines, accurate ground state spectroscopic constants (rotational, centrifugal distortion up to octics, and nuclear quadrupole hyperfine constants) have been derived from our measurements, with a plausible prediction of the weaker bands through calculations. Interstellar searches for this highly polar species can now be undertaken with confidence since the astronomically most interesting radio lines have either been measured or can be calculated to very high accuracy below 300 GHz., Comment: 7 figures, 4 tables. Accepted for publication in J. Mol. Spec
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- 2021
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69. Discovery of Interstellar trans-cyanovinylacetylene (HCCCH=CHCN) and vinylcyanoacetylene (H$_2$C=CHC$_3$N) in GOTHAM Observations of TMC-1
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Lee, Kin Long Kelvin, Loomis, Ryan A., Burkhardt, Andrew M., Cooke, Ilsa R., Xue, Ci, Siebert, Mark A., Shingledecker, Christopher N., Remijan, Anthony, Charnley, Steven B., McCarthy, Michael C., and McGuire, Brett A.
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Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies - Abstract
We report the discovery of two unsaturated organic species, trans-(E)-cyanovinylacetylene and vinylcyanoacetylene, using the second data release of the GOTHAM deep survey towards TMC-1 with the 100 m Green Bank Telescope. For both detections, we performed velocity stacking and matched filter analyses using Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations, and for trans-(E)-cyanovinylacetylene, three rotational lines were observed at low signal-to-noise (${\sim}$3$\sigma$). From this analysis, we derive column densities of $2\times10^{11}$ and $3\times10^{11}$ cm$^{-2}$ for vinylcyanoacetylene and trans-(E)-cyanovinylacetylene, respectively, and an upper limit of $<2\times10^{11}$ cm$^{-2}$ for trans-(Z)-cyanovinylacetylene. Comparisons with G3//B3LYP semi-empirical thermochemical calculations indicate abundances of the [H$_3$C$_5$N}] isomers are not consistent with their thermodynamic stability, and instead their abundances are mainly driven by dynamics. We provide discussion into how these species may be formed in TMC-1, with reference to related species like vinyl cyanide (CH$_2$=CHCN). As part of this discussion, we performed the same analysis for ethyl cyanide (CH$_3$CH$_2$CN), the hydrogenation product of CH$_2$=CHCN. This analysis provides evidence -- at 4.17$\sigma$ significance -- an upper limit to the column density of $<4\times10^{11}$ cm$^{-2}$; an order of magnitude lower than previous upper limits towards this source., Comment: Four figures, two tables. Five supplementary figures and four supplementary tables. Published in The Astrophysical Journal Letters
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- 2021
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70. Saliva testing as a means to monitor therapeutic lithium levels in patients with psychiatric disorders: Identification of clinical and environmental covariates, and their incorporation into a prediction model
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Parkin, Georgia M, McCarthy, Michael J, Thein, Soe H, Piccerillo, Hillary L, Warikoo, Nisha, Granger, Douglas A, and Thomas, Elizabeth A
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Mental Health ,Clinical Research ,Brain Disorders ,Bipolar Disorder ,Humans ,Lithium ,Mental Disorders ,Monitoring ,Physiologic ,Saliva ,biofluid ,bipolar disorder ,blood ,lithium ,peripheral ,saliva ,therapeutic drug monitoring ,Clinical Sciences ,Neurosciences ,Psychiatry - Abstract
ObjectiveThe narrow therapeutic window of lithium medications necessitates frequent serum monitoring, which can be expensive and inconvenient for the patient. Compared to blood, saliva collection is easier, non-invasive, requires less processing, and can be done without the need for trained personnel. This study investigated the utility of longitudinal salivary lithium level monitoring.MethodsWe measured salivary lithium levels using ICP-OES in n = 169 passive drool samples, collected both as single observations and longitudinally for up to 18 months, from a multi-center cohort of n = 75 patients with bipolar disorder or other psychiatric conditions.ResultsSaliva and serum lithium levels were highly correlated. Adjustment for daily lithium dose, diabetes, and smoking improved this relationship (r = 0.77). Using the adjusted intersubject equation and a patient's salivary lithium value, we observed a strong correlation between the predicted vs. observed serum lithium levels (r = 0.70). Most patients had highly stable saliva/serum ratios across multiple visits, with longitudinal variability significantly greater with age. Use of the intrasubject saliva/serum ratio from a single prior observation had similar predictive power to the use of the adjusted intersubject equation. However, the use of the mean intrasubject ratio from three prior observations could robustly predict serum lithium levels (predicted vs. observed r = 0.90).ConclusionsThese findings strongly suggest that saliva could be used for lithium monitoring, and open the door for the development and implementation of a point-of-care salivary lithium device for use at home or the clinic. We propose that the use of saliva will dramatically improve treatment opportunities for patients with mood disorders.
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- 2021
71. Bankruptcy Orders McCarthy, Michael ,No 059428 of 2019
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Bankruptcy ,Business owners ,Company financing ,Company bankruptcy ,General interest ,News, opinion and commentary - Abstract
London: The Gazette (official Public Record office) of United Kingdom has issued the following notice: Bankruptcy Orders McCarthy, Michael Occupation Filling Station Proprietor t/a Moneen Filling Station, residing 41 Mount [...]
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- 2019
72. 20-year Radiographic Outcomes Following Single Level Cervical Disc Arthroplasty: Results from a Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial
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Foley, David P., Sasso, Willa R., Ye, Jason Y., Vinayek, Sheetal, Smucker, Joseph D., McCarthy, Michael H., Boody, Barrett S., and Sasso, Rick C.
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- 2023
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73. Circadian rhythms in bipolar disorder patient-derived neurons predict lithium response: preliminary studies
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Mishra, Himanshu K, Ying, Noelle M, Luis, Angelica, Wei, Heather, Nguyen, Metta, Nakhla, Timothy, Vandenburgh, Sara, Alda, Martin, Berrettini, Wade H, Brennand, Kristen J, Calabrese, Joseph R, Coryell, William H, Frye, Mark A, Gage, Fred H, Gershon, Elliot S, McInnis, Melvin G, Nievergelt, Caroline M, Nurnberger, John I, Shilling, Paul D, Oedegaard, Ketil J, Zandi, Peter P, Kelsoe, John R, Welsh, David K, and McCarthy, Michael J
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Depression ,Sleep Research ,Bipolar Disorder ,Mental Health ,Serious Mental Illness ,Neurosciences ,Brain Disorders ,Mental health ,Circadian Rhythm ,Humans ,Lithium ,Lithium Compounds ,Neurons ,Pharmacogenomics of Bipolar Disorder Study ,Biological Sciences ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Psychology and Cognitive Sciences ,Psychiatry - Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a neuropsychiatric illness defined by recurrent episodes of mania/hypomania, depression and circadian rhythm abnormalities. Lithium is an effective drug for BD, but 30-40% of patients fail to respond adequately to treatment. Previous work has demonstrated that lithium affects the expression of "clock genes" and that lithium responders (Li-R) can be distinguished from non-responders (Li-NR) by differences in circadian rhythms. However, circadian rhythms have not been evaluated in BD patient neurons from Li-R and Li-NR. We used induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to culture neuronal precursor cells (NPC) and glutamatergic neurons from BD patients characterized for lithium responsiveness and matched controls. We identified strong circadian rhythms in Per2-luc expression in NPCs and neurons from controls and Li-R, but NPC rhythms in Li-R had a shorter circadian period. Li-NR rhythms were low amplitude and profoundly weakened. In NPCs and neurons, expression of PER2 was higher in both BD groups compared to controls. In neurons, PER2 protein levels were higher in BD than controls, especially in Li-NR samples. In single cells, NPC and neuron rhythms in both BD groups were desynchronized compared to controls. Lithium lengthened period in Li-R and control neurons but failed to alter rhythms in Li-NR. In contrast, temperature entrainment increased amplitude across all groups, and partly restored rhythms in Li-NR neurons. We conclude that neuronal circadian rhythm abnormalities are present in BD and most pronounced in Li-NR. Rhythm deficits in BD may be partly reversible through stimulation of entrainment pathways.
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- 2021
74. Artificial intelligence in spinal deformity
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Suryavanshi, Joash, Foley, David, and McCarthy, Michael H.
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- 2025
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75. COVID-19 and Social Capital Loss: The Results of a Campus Outbreak
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Fulkerson, Gregory, Thomas, Alexander, Ho, Jing-Mao, Zians, James, Seale, Elizabeth, McCarthy, Michael, and Han, Sallie
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- 2023
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76. Interstellar Detection of the Highly Polar Five-Membered Ring Cyanocyclopentadiene
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McCarthy, Michael C., Lee, Kin Long Kelvin, Loomis, Ryan A., Burkhardt, Andrew M., Shingledecker, Christopher N., Charnley, Steven B., Cordiner, Martin A., Herbst, Eric, Kalenskii, Sergei, Willis, Eric R., Xue, Ci, Remijan, Anthony J., and McGuire, Brett A.
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Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies - Abstract
Much like six-membered rings, five-membered rings are ubiquitous in organic chemistry, frequently serving as the building blocks for larger molecules, including many of biochemical importance. From a combination of laboratory rotational spectroscopy and a sensitive spectral line survey in the radio band toward the starless cloud core TMC-1, we report the astronomical detection of 1-cyano-1,3-cyclopentadiene, $c$-C$_5$H$_5$CN}, a highly polar, cyano derivative of cyclopentadiene, $c$-C$_5$H$_6$. The derived abundance of $c$-C$_5$H$_5$CN} is far greater than predicted from astrochemical models which well reproduce the abundance of many carbon chains. This finding implies either an important production mechanism or a large reservoir of aromatic material may need to be considered. The apparent absence of its closely-related isomer, 2-cyano-1,3-cyclopentadiene, may arise from its lower stability or be indicative of a more selective pathway for formation of the 1-cyano isomer, perhaps one starting from acyclic precursors. The absence of N-heterocycles such as pyrrole and pyridine is discussed in light of the astronomical finding., Comment: Accepted for publication in Nature Astronomy. 36 pages comprising five figures, two tables, five supplementary tables, and six supplementary figures
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- 2020
77. Ubiquitous Aromatic Carbon Chemistry at the Earliest Stages of Star Formation
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Burkhardt, Andrew M., Loomis, Ryan A., Shingledecker, Christopher N., Lee, Kin Long Kelvin, Remijan, Anthony J., McCarthy, Michael C., and McGuire, Brett A.
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Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies - Abstract
Benzonitrile ($c$-C$_6$H$_5$CN), a polar proxy for benzene ($c$-C$_6$H$_6$}), has the potential to serve as a highly convenient radio probe for aromatic chemistry, provided this ring can be found in other astronomical sources beyond the molecule-rich prestellar cloud TMC-1 where it was first reported by McGuire et al. in 2018. Here we present radio astronomical evidence of benzonitrile in four additional pre-stellar, and possibly protostellar, sources: Serpens 1A, Serpens 1B, Serpens 2, and MC27/L1521F. These detections establish benzonitrile is not unique to TMC-1; rather aromatic chemistry appears to be widespread throughout the earliest stages of star formation, likely persisting at least to the initial formation of a protostar. The abundance of benzonitrile far exceeds predictions from models which well reproduce the abundances of carbon chains, such as HC$_7$N, a cyanpolyyne with the same heavy atoms, indicating the chemistry responsible for planar carbon structures (as opposed to linear ones) in primordial sources is favorable but not well understood. The abundance of benzonitrile relative to carbon-chain molecules displays sizable variations between sources within the Taurus and Serpens clouds, implying the importance of physical conditions and initial elemental reservoirs of the clouds themselves., Comment: To Appear in Nature Astronomy, 53 Pages, 15 Figures, 12 Tables
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- 2020
78. An Investigation of Spectral Line Stacking Techniques and Application to the Detection of HC$_{11}$N
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Loomis, Ryan A., Burkhardt, Andrew M., Shingledecker, Christopher N., Charnley, Steven B., Cordiner, Martin A., Herbst, Eric, Kalenskii, Sergei, Lee, Kin Long Kelvin, Willis, Eric R., Xue, Ci, Remijan, Anthony J., McCarthy, Michael C., and McGuire, Brett A.
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Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics - Abstract
As the inventory of interstellar molecules continues to grow, the gulf between small species, whose individual rotational lines can be observed with radio telescopes, and large ones, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) best studied in bulk via infrared and optical observations, is slowly being bridged. Understanding the connection between these two molecular reservoirs is critical to understanding the interstellar carbon cycle, but will require pushing the boundaries of how far we can probe molecular complexity while still retaining observational specificity. Toward this end, we present a method for detecting and characterizing new molecular species in single-dish observations toward sources with sparse line spectra. We have applied this method to data from the ongoing GOTHAM (GBT Observations of TMC-1: Hunting Aromatic Molecules) Green Bank Telescope (GBT) large program, discovering six new interstellar species. In this paper we highlight the detection of HC$_{11}$N, the largest cyanopolyyne in the interstellar medium., Comment: 42 pages, 36 figures, 9 tables, to appear in Nature Astronomy
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- 2020
79. Early Science from GOTHAM: Project Overview, Methods, and the Detection of Interstellar Propargyl Cyanide (HCCCH$_2$CN) in TMC-1
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McGuire, Brett A., Burkhardt, Andrew M., Loomis, Ryan A., Shingledecker, Christopher N., Lee, Kin Long Kelvin, Charnley, Steven B., Cordiner, Martin A., Herbst, Eric, Kalenskii, Sergei, Momjian, Emmanuel, Willis, Eric R., Xue, Ci, Remijan, Anthony J., and McCarthy, Michael C.
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Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies - Abstract
We present an overview of the GOTHAM (GBT Observations of TMC-1: Hunting Aromatic Molecules) Large Program on the Green Bank Telescope. This and a related program were launched to explore the depth and breadth of aromatic chemistry in the interstellar medium at the earliest stages of star formation, following our earlier detection of benzonitrile ($c$-C$_6$H$_5$CN) in TMC-1. In this work, details of the observations, use of archival data, and data reduction strategies are provided. Using these observations, the interstellar detection of propargyl cyanide (HCCCH$_2$CN) is described, as well as the accompanying laboratory spectroscopy. We discuss these results, and the survey project as a whole, in the context of investigating a previously unexplored reservoir of complex, gas-phase molecules in pre-stellar sources. A series of companion papers describe other new astronomical detections and analyses., Comment: Accepted in the Astrophysical Journal Letters
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- 2020
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80. Detection of Interstellar HC$_4$NC and an Investigation of Isocyanopolyyne Chemistry under TMC-1 Conditions
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Xue, Ci, Willis, Eric R., Loomis, Ryan A., Lee, Kin Long Kelvin, Burkhardt, Andrew M., Shingledecker, Christopher N., Charnley, Steven B., Cordiner, Martin A., Kalenskii, Sergei, McCarthy, Michael C., Herbst, Eric, Remijan, Anthony J., and McGuire, Brett A.
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Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies - Abstract
We report an astronomical detection of HC$_4$NC for the first time in the interstellar medium with the Green Bank Telescope toward the TMC-1 molecular cloud with a minimum significance of $10.5 \sigma$. The total column density and excitation temperature of HC$_4$NC are determined to be $3.29^{+8.60}_{-1.20}\times 10^{11}$ cm$^{-2}$ and $6.7^{+0.3}_{-0.3}$ K, respectively, using the MCMC analysis. In addition to HC$_4$NC, HCCNC is distinctly detected whereas no clear detection of HC$_6$NC is made. We propose that the dissociative recombination of the protonated cyanopolyyne, HC$_5$NH$^+$, and the protonated isocyanopolyyne, HC$_4$NCH$^+$, are the main formation mechanisms for HC$_4$NC while its destruction is dominated by reactions with simple ions and atomic carbon. With the proposed chemical networks, the observed abundances of HC$_4$NC and HCCNC are reproduced satisfactorily., Comment: Accepted in the Astrophysical Journal Letters
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- 2020
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81. Molecule Identification with Rotational Spectroscopy and Probabilistic Deep Learning
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McCarthy, Michael C. and Lee, Kin Long Kelvin
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Physics - Chemical Physics - Abstract
A proof-of-concept framework for identifying molecules of unknown elemental composition and structure using experimental rotational data and probabilistic deep learning is presented. Using a minimal set of input data determined experimentally, we describe four neural network architectures that yield information to assist in the identification of an unknown molecule. The first architecture translates spectroscopic parameters into Coulomb matrix eigenspectra, as a method of recovering chemical and structural information encoded in the rotational spectrum. The eigenspectrum is subsequently used by three deep learning networks to constrain the range of stoichiometries, generate SMILES strings, and predict the most likely functional groups present in the molecule. In each model, we utilize dropout layers as an approximation to Bayesian sampling, which subsequently generates probabilistic predictions from otherwise deterministic models. These models are trained on a modestly sized theoretical dataset comprising ${\sim}$83,000 unique organic molecules (between 18 and 180 amu) optimized at the $\omega$B97X-D/6-31+G(d) level of theory where the theoretical uncertainty of the spectroscopic constants are well understood and used to further augment training. Since chemical and structural properties depend highly on molecular composition, we divided the dataset into four groups corresponding to pure hydrocarbons, oxygen-bearing, nitrogen-bearing, and both oxygen- and nitrogen-bearing species, training each type of network with one of these categories thus creating "experts" within each domain of molecules. We demonstrate how these models can then be used for practical inference on four molecules, and discuss both the strengths and shortcomings of our approach, and the future directions these architectures can take., Comment: 48 pages, 13 figures, 6 tables. Accepted for publication in JPCA Special Issue: Machine Learning in Physical Chemistry. Code for models available at https://github.com/laserkelvin/rotconml. Corrected details about the optimizer and weight decay
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- 2020
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82. Altered Neuronal Support and Inflammatory Response in Bipolar Disorder Patient-Derived Astrocytes
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Vadodaria, Krishna C, Mendes, Ana PD, Mei, Arianna, Racha, Vipula, Erikson, Galina, Shokhirev, Maxim N, Oefner, Ruth, Heard, Kelly J, McCarthy, Michael J, Eyler, Lisa, Kelsoe, John R, Santos, Renata, Marchetto, Maria C, and Gage, Fred H
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Serious Mental Illness ,Mental Health ,Neurosciences ,Brain Disorders ,Bipolar Disorder ,Clinical Research ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Aetiology ,Neurological ,Astrocytes ,Coculture Techniques ,Humans ,Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ,Inflammation ,Interleukin-1beta ,Interleukin-6 ,Neuroglia ,Neurons ,IL-6 ,astrocytes ,cytokine ,glia ,iPSC ,inflammation ,mood disorders ,neuronal activity ,psychiatry ,Biochemistry and Cell Biology ,Clinical Sciences - Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is characterized by cyclical mood shifts. Studies indicate that BD patients have a peripheral pro-inflammatory state and alterations in glial populations in the brain. We utilized an in vitro model to study inflammation-related phenotypes of astrocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) generated from BD patients and healthy controls. BD astrocytes showed changes in transcriptome and induced a reduction in neuronal activity when co-cultured with neurons. IL-1β-stimulated BD astrocytes displayed a unique inflammatory gene expression signature and increased secretion of IL-6. Conditioned medium from stimulated BD astrocytes reduced neuronal activity, and this effect was partially blocked by IL-6 inactivating antibody. Our results suggest that BD astrocytes are functionally less supportive of neuronal excitability and this effect is partially mediated by IL-6. We confirmed higher IL-6 in blood in a distinct cohort of BD patients, highlighting the potential role of astrocyte-mediated inflammatory signaling in BD neuropathology.
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- 2021
83. Towards an inclusive social and emotional learning
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Cipriano, Christina and McCarthy, Michael F.
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- 2023
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84. The relations between chronotype, stressful life events, and impulsivity in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study
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McCarthy, Michael J., Brumback, Ty, Thomas, Michael L., and Meruelo, Alejandro D.
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- 2023
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85. Association of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Depression Polygenic Scores with Lithium Response: A Consortium for Lithium Genetics Study
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Coombes, Brandon J, Millischer, Vincent, Batzler, Anthony, Larrabee, Beth, Hou, Liping, Papiol, Sergi, Heilbronner, Urs, Adli, Mazda, Akiyama, Kazufumi, Akula, Nirmala, Amare, Azmeraw T, Ardau, Raffaella, Arias, Barbara, Aubry, Jean-Michel, Backlund, Lena, Bauer, Michael, Baune, Bernhard T, Bellivier, Frank, Benabarre, Antoni, Bengesser, Susanne, Bhattacharjee, Abesh Kumar, Cervantes, Pablo, Chen, Hsi-Chung, Chillotti, Caterina, Cichon, Sven, Clark, Scott R, Colom, Francesc, Cruceanu, Cristiana, Czerski, Piotr M, Dalkner, Nina, Degenhardt, Franziska, Del Zompo, Maria, DePaulo, J Raymond, Étain, Bruno, Falkai, Peter, Ferensztajn-Rochowiak, Ewa, Forstner, Andreas J, Frisen, Louise, Gard, Sébastien, Garnham, Julie S, Goes, Fernando S, Grigoroiu-Serbanescu, Maria, Grof, Paul, Hashimoto, Ryota, Hauser, Joanna, Herms, Stefan, Hoffmann, Per, Jamain, Stephane, Jiménez, Esther, Kahn, Jean-Pierre, Kassem, Layla, Kato, Tadafumi, Kelsoe, John R, Kittel-Schneider, Sarah, König, Barbara, Kuo, Po-Hsiu, Kusumi, Ichiro, Laje, Gonzalo, Landén, Mikael, Lavebratt, Catharina, Leboyer, Marion, Leckband, Susan G, Maj, Mario, Manchia, Mirko, Martinsson, Lina, McCarthy, Michael J, McElroy, Susan L, Mitchell, Philip B, Mitjans, Marina, Mondimore, Francis M, Monteleone, Palmiero, Nievergelt, Caroline M, Nöthen, Markus M, Novák, Tomas, O'Donovan, Claire, Osby, Urban, Ozaki, Norio, Pfennig, Andrea, Pisanu, Claudia, Potash, James B, Reif, Andreas, Reininghaus, Eva, Rietschel, Marcella, Rouleau, Guy A, Rybakowski, Janusz K, Schalling, Martin, Schofield, Peter R, Schubert, Klaus Oliver, Schweizer, Barbara W, Severino, Giovanni, Shekhtman, Tatyana, Shilling, Paul D, Shimoda, Katzutaka, Simhandl, Christian, Slaney, Claire M, Squassina, Alessio, Stamm, Thomas, Stopkova, Pavla, Tortorella, Alfonso, and Turecki, Gustavo
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Brain Disorders ,Serious Mental Illness ,Prevention ,Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) ,Schizophrenia ,Depression ,Mental Health ,Bipolar Disorder ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Clinical Research ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Aetiology ,Mental health ,Good Health and Well Being ,Adherence ,Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ,Bipolar disorder ,Lithium response ,Polygenic risk scores - Abstract
Response to lithium varies widely between individuals with bipolar disorder (BD). Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) can uncover pharmacogenomics effects and may help predict drug response. Patients (N = 2,510) with BD were assessed for long-term lithium response in the Consortium on Lithium Genetics using the Retrospective Criteria of Long-Term Treatment Response in Research Subjects with Bipolar Disorder score. PRSs for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and schizophrenia (SCZ) were computed using lassosum and in a model including all three PRSs and other covariates, and the PRS of ADHD (β = -0.14; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.24 to -0.03; p value = 0.010) and MDD (β = -0.16; 95% CI: -0.27 to -0.04; p value = 0.005) predicted worse quantitative lithium response. A higher SCZ PRS was associated with higher rates of medication nonadherence (OR = 1.61; 95% CI: 1.34-1.93; p value = 2e-7). This study indicates that genetic risk for ADHD and depression may influence lithium treatment response. Interestingly, a higher SCZ PRS was associated with poor adherence, which can negatively impact treatment response. Incorporating genetic risk of ADHD, depression, and SCZ in combination with clinical risk may lead to better clinical care for patients with BD.
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- 2021
86. Combining schizophrenia and depression polygenic risk scores improves the genetic prediction of lithium response in bipolar disorder patients
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Schubert, Klaus Oliver, Thalamuthu, Anbupalam, Amare, Azmeraw T, Frank, Joseph, Streit, Fabian, Adl, Mazda, Akula, Nirmala, Akiyama, Kazufumi, Ardau, Raffaella, Arias, Bárbara, Aubry, Jean-Michel, Backlund, Lena, Bhattacharjee, Abesh Kumar, Bellivier, Frank, Benabarre, Antonio, Bengesser, Susanne, Biernacka, Joanna M, Birner, Armin, Marie-Claire, Cynthia, Cearns, Micah, Cervantes, Pablo, Chen, Hsi-Chung, Chillotti, Caterina, Cichon, Sven, Clark, Scott R, Cruceanu, Cristiana, Czerski, Piotr M, Dalkner, Nina, Dayer, Alexandre, Degenhardt, Franziska, Del Zompo, Maria, DePaulo, J Raymond, Étain, Bruno, Falkai, Peter, Forstner, Andreas J, Frisen, Louise, Frye, Mark A, Fullerton, Janice M, Gard, Sébastien, Garnham, Julie S, Goes, Fernando S, Grigoroiu-Serbanescu, Maria, Grof, Paul, Hashimoto, Ryota, Hauser, Joanna, Heilbronner, Urs, Herms, Stefan, Hoffmann, Per, Hou, Liping, Hsu, Yi-Hsiang, Jamain, Stephane, Jiménez, Esther, Kahn, Jean-Pierre, Kassem, Layla, Kuo, Po-Hsiu, Kato, Tadafumi, Kelsoe, John, Kittel-Schneider, Sarah, Ferensztajn-Rochowiak, Ewa, König, Barbara, Kusumi, Ichiro, Laje, Gonzalo, Landén, Mikael, Lavebratt, Catharina, Leboyer, Marion, Leckband, Susan G, Maj, Mario, Manchia, Mirko, Martinsson, Lina, McCarthy, Michael J, McElroy, Susan, Colom, Francesc, Mitjans, Marina, Mondimore, Francis M, Monteleone, Palmiero, Nievergelt, Caroline M, Nöthen, Markus M, Novák, Tomas, O’Donovan, Claire, Ozaki, Norio, Ösby, Urban, Papiol, Sergi, Pfennig, Andrea, Pisanu, Claudia, Potash, James B, Reif, Andreas, Reininghaus, Eva, Rouleau, Guy A, Rybakowski, Janusz K, Schalling, Martin, Schofield, Peter R, Schweizer, Barbara W, Severino, Giovanni, Shekhtman, Tatyana, Shilling, Paul D, Shimoda, Katzutaka, Simhandl, Christian, Slaney, Claire M, Squassina, Alessio, and Stamm, Thomas
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Biological Psychology ,Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Psychology ,Serious Mental Illness ,Mental Health ,Brain Disorders ,Schizophrenia ,Bipolar Disorder ,Aetiology ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Mental health ,Good Health and Well Being ,Depression ,Depressive Disorder ,Major ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,Humans ,Lithium ,Multifactorial Inheritance ,Risk Factors ,Major Depressive Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium ,Clinical Sciences ,Public Health and Health Services ,Clinical sciences ,Neurosciences ,Biological psychology - Abstract
Lithium is the gold standard therapy for Bipolar Disorder (BD) but its effectiveness differs widely between individuals. The molecular mechanisms underlying treatment response heterogeneity are not well understood, and personalized treatment in BD remains elusive. Genetic analyses of the lithium treatment response phenotype may generate novel molecular insights into lithium's therapeutic mechanisms and lead to testable hypotheses to improve BD management and outcomes. We used fixed effect meta-analysis techniques to develop meta-analytic polygenic risk scores (MET-PRS) from combinations of highly correlated psychiatric traits, namely schizophrenia (SCZ), major depression (MD) and bipolar disorder (BD). We compared the effects of cross-disorder MET-PRS and single genetic trait PRS on lithium response. For the PRS analyses, we included clinical data on lithium treatment response and genetic information for n = 2283 BD cases from the International Consortium on Lithium Genetics (ConLi+Gen; www.ConLiGen.org ). Higher SCZ and MD PRSs were associated with poorer lithium treatment response whereas BD-PRS had no association with treatment outcome. The combined MET2-PRS comprising of SCZ and MD variants (MET2-PRS) and a model using SCZ and MD-PRS sequentially improved response prediction, compared to single-disorder PRS or to a combined score using all three traits (MET3-PRS). Patients in the highest decile for MET2-PRS loading had 2.5 times higher odds of being classified as poor responders than patients with the lowest decile MET2-PRS scores. An exploratory functional pathway analysis of top MET2-PRS variants was conducted. Findings may inform the development of future testing strategies for personalized lithium prescribing in BD.
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- 2021
87. Contributions of circadian clock genes to cell survival in fibroblast models of lithium-responsive bipolar disorder
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Mishra, Himanshu K., Wei, Heather, Rohr, Kayla E., Ko, Insu, Nievergelt, Caroline M., Maihofer, Adam X., Shilling, Paul D., Alda, Martin, Berrettini, Wade H., Brennand, Kristen J., Calabrese, Joseph R., Coryell, William H., Frye, Mark, Gage, Fred, Gershon, Elliot, McInnis, Melvin G., Nurnberger, John, Oedegaard, Ketil J., Zandi, Peter P., Kelsoe, John R., and McCarthy, Michael J.
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- 2023
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88. Rapid Detection of Lithium Concentrations in Oral Fluid
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Granger, Douglas A., Parkin, Georgia M., Buspavanich, Pichit, Findeisen, Peter, Rietschel, Marcella, McCarthy, Michael J., and Thomas, Elizabeth A.
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- 2023
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89. Serum from Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome patients causes loss of coherence in cellular circadian rhythms
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Wei, Heather, Adelsheim, Zoe, Fischer, Rita, and McCarthy, Michael J.
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- 2023
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90. Students with Disabilities in Social and Emotional Learning Interventions: A Systematic Review
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Daley, Samantha G. and McCarthy, Michael F.
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This systematic review examines the social and emotional learning (SEL) intervention literature to address questions of whether and how students with disabilities are considered in studies of universal SEL interventions in middle and high schools. From the articles identified for initial review (n = 4,355), 166 met the inclusionary criteria. Among these, 19 studies explicitly mentioned including students with disabilities. Five studies included analyses of students with disabilities as a subgroup, with varying results. Additional analyses focus on evidence of attention to varied learning needs in curricular materials or training of facilitators. Findings demonstrate scant attention to students with disabilities in reports of universal SEL interventions, leaving open questions about their inclusion and effects of participation. Opportunities for addressing these questions in future research are described.
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- 2021
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91. Searches for Interstellar HCCSH and H$_2$CCS
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McGuire, Brett A., Shingledecker, Christopher N., Willis, Eric R., Lee, Kin Long Kelvin, Martin-Drumel, Marie-Aline, Blake, Geoffrey A., Brogan, Crystal L., Burkhardt, Andrew M., Caselli, Paola, Chuang, Ko-Ju, El-Abd, Samer, Hunter, Todd R., Ioppolo, Sergio, Linnartz, Harold, Remijan, Anthony J., Xue, Ci, and McCarthy, Michael C.
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Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies - Abstract
A long standing problem in astrochemistry is the inability of many current models to account for missing sulfur content. Many relatively simple species that may be good candidates to sequester sulfur have not been measured experimentally at the high spectral resolution necessary to enable radioastronomical identification. On the basis of new laboratory data, we report searches for the rotational lines in the microwave, millimeter, and sub-millimeter regions of the sulfur-containing hydrocarbon HCCSH. This simple species would appear to be a promising candidate for detection in space owing to the large dipole moment along its $b$-inertial axis, and because the bimolecular reaction between two highly abundant astronomical fragments (CCH and SH radicals) may be rapid. An inspection of multiple line surveys from the centimeter to the far-infrared toward a range of sources from dark clouds to high-mass star-forming regions, however, resulted in non-detections. An analogous search for the lowest-energy isomer, H$_2$CCS, is presented for comparison, and also resulted in non-detections. Typical upper limits on the abundance of both species relative to hydrogen are $10^{-9}$-$10^{-10}$. We thus conclude that neither isomer is a major reservoir of interstellar sulfur in the range of environments studied. Both species may still be viable candidates for detection in other environments or at higher frequencies, providing laboratory frequencies are available., Comment: Accepted in the Astrophysical Journal
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- 2019
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92. High Sensitivity Microwave Spectroscopy in a Cryogenic Buffer Gas Cell
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Porterfield, Jessica P., Satterthwaite, Lincoln, Eibenberger, Sandra, Patterson, David, and McCarthy, Michael C.
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Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,Physics - Chemical Physics - Abstract
We describe an instrument which can be used to analyze complex chemical mixtures at high resolution and high sensitivity. Molecules are collisionally cooled with helium gas at cryogenic temperatures (~ 4-7 K), and subsequently detected using chirped pulse microwave spectroscopy. Here we demonstrate three significant improvements to the apparatus relative to an earlier version: (1) extension of its operating range by more than a factor of two, from 12-18 GHz to 12-26 GHz, which allows a much wider range of species to be characterized; (2) improved detection sensitivity owing to use of cryogenically-cooled low-noise amplifiers and protection switches, and (3) a versatile method of sample input that enables analysis of solids, liquids, gases, and solutions, without the need for chemical separation (as demonstrated with a 12-16 GHz spectrum of lemon oil). This instrument can record broadband microwave spectra at comparable sensitivity to high Q cavity spectrometers which use pulsed supersonic jets, but up to 3000 times faster with a modest increase in sample consumption rate., Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures
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- 2019
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93. Submillimeter spectroscopy and astronomical searches of vinyl mercaptan, C$_2$H$_3$SH
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Martin-Drumel, Marie-Aline, Lee, Kin Long Kelvin, Belloche, Arnaud, Zingsheim, Oliver, Thorwirth, Sven, Mueller, Holger S. P., Lewen, Frank, Garrod, Robin T., Menten, Karl M., McCarthy, Michael C., and Schlemmer, Stephan
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Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies - Abstract
We have extended the pure rotational investigation of the two isomers syn and anti vinyl mercaptan to the millimeter domain using a frequency-multiplication spectrometer. The species were produced by a radiofrequency discharge in 1,2-ethanedithiol. Additional transitions have been re-measured in the centimeter band using Fourier-transform microwave spectroscopy to better determine rest frequencies of transitions with low-$J$ and low-$K_a$ values. Experimental investigations were supported by quantum chemical calculations on the energetics of both the [C$_2$,H$_4$,S] and [C$_2$,H$_4$,O] isomeric families. Interstellar searches for both syn and anti vinyl mercaptan as well as vinyl alcohol were performed in the EMoCA (Exploring Molecular Complexity with ALMA) spectral line survey carried out toward Sagittarius (Sgr) B2(N2) with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). Highly accurate experimental frequencies (to better than 100 kHz accuracy) for both syn and anti isomers of vinyl mercaptan have been measured up to 250 GHz; these deviate considerably from predictions based on extrapolation of previous microwave measurements. Reliable frequency predictions of the astronomically most interesting millimeter-wave lines for these two species can now be derived from the best-fit spectroscopic constants. From the energetic investigations, the four lowest singlet isomers of the [C$_2$,H$_4$,S] family are calculated to be nearly isoenergetic, which makes this family a fairly unique test bed for assessing possible reaction pathways. Upper limits for the column density of syn and anti vinyl mercaptan are derived toward the extremely molecule-rich star-forming region Sgr B2(N2) enabling comparison with selected complex organic molecules., Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables, 2 appendices. Accepted for publication in A&A 13th of February, 2019
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- 2019
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94. Rotational spectra of twenty-one vibrational states of [35Cl]-and [37Cl]-chlorobenzene
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Dorman, P. Matisha, Esselman, Brian J., Changala, P. Bryan, McCarthy, Michael C., Woods, R. Claude, and McMahon, Robert J.
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- 2023
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95. The association between lithium use and neurocognitive performance in patients with bipolar disorder
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Burdick, Katherine E, Millett, Caitlin E, Russo, Manuela, Alda, Martin, Alliey-Rodriguez, Ney, Anand, Amit, Balaraman, Yokesh, Berrettini, Wade, Bertram, Holli, Calabrese, Joseph R, Calkin, Cynthia, Conroy, Carla, Coryell, William, DeModena, Anna, Feeder, Scott, Fisher, Carrie, Frazier, Nicole, Frye, Mark, Gao, Keming, Garnham, Julie, Gershon, Elliot S, Glazer, Kara, Goes, Fernando S, Goto, Toyomi, Harrington, Gloria J, Jakobsen, Petter, Kamali, Masoud, Kelly, Marisa, Leckband, Susan, Løberg, Else Marie, Lohoff, Falk W, Maihofer, Adam X, McCarthy, Michael J, McInnis, Melvin, Morken, Gunnar, Nievergelt, Caroline M, Nurnberger, John, Oedegaard, Ketil J, Ortiz, Abigail, Ritchey, Megan, Ryan, Kelly, Schinagle, Martha, Schwebel, Candice, Shaw, Martha, Shilling, Paul, Slaney, Claire, Stapp, Emma, Tarwater, Bruce, Zandi, Peter, and Kelsoe, John R
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Biological Psychology ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Psychology ,Mental Health ,Serious Mental Illness ,Brain Disorders ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Clinical Research ,Bipolar Disorder ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Mental health ,Cognition ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Humans ,Lithium ,Neuropsychological Tests ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Psychology and Cognitive Sciences ,Psychiatry ,Neurosciences ,Biological psychology - Abstract
Lithium remains the gold standard for the treatment of bipolar disorder (BD); however, its use has declined over the years mainly due to the side effects and the subjective experience of cognitive numbness reported by patients. In the present study, we aim to methodically test the effects of lithium on neurocognitive functioning in the largest single cohort (n = 262) of BD patients reported to date by harnessing the power of a multi-site, ongoing clinical trial of lithium monotherapy. At the cross-sectional level, multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was conducted to examine potential group differences across neurocognitive tests [California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT trials 1-5,CVLT delayed recall), Wechsler Digit Symbol, Trail-making Test parts A and B (TMT-A; TMT-B), and a global cognition index]. At the longitudinal level, on a subset of patients (n = 88) who achieved mood stabilization with lithium monotherapy, we explored the effect of lithium treatment across time on neurocognitive functioning. There were no differences at baseline between BD patients that were taking lithium compared with those that were not. At follow-up a significant neurocognitive improvement in the global cognitive index score [F = 31.69; p
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- 2020
96. Attitudes on pharmacogenetic testing in psychiatric patients with treatment‐resistant depression
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McCarthy, Michael J, Chen, Yucui, Demodena, Anna, Fisher, Eileen, Golshan, Shahrokh, Suppes, Trisha, and Kelsoe, John R
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Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Patient Safety ,Genetic Testing ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Mental Health ,Genetics ,Depression ,Brain Disorders ,Clinical Research ,Mental health ,Good Health and Well Being ,Attitude ,Depressive Disorder ,Treatment-Resistant ,Humans ,Motivation ,Pharmacogenomic Testing ,attitude ,depression ,genetic testing ,motivation ,pharmacogenomic testing ,risk ,Veterans ,Psychology ,Psychiatry ,Clinical sciences ,Clinical and health psychology ,Social and personality psychology - Abstract
BackgroundNovel technologies make it possible to incorporate pharmacogenetic testing into the medical management of depression. However, previous studies indicate that there may be a subset of subjects who have concerns about genetic testing and may be psychologically vulnerable. If so, pharmacogenetic testing in depressed subjects could negatively impact their mental health and undermine treatment goals.MethodsIn this study, we developed a standardized instrument to assess motivations and attitudes around pharmacogenetic testing in a cohort of 170 depressed Veterans participating in a multi-center clinic trial.ResultsTesting reveals that subjects were largely positive about the use of genetic testing to guide pharmacological treatment and help plan their future. Most subjects showed only modest concerns about the impact on family, inability to cope with the results, and fear of discrimination. The severity of depression did not predict the concern expressed about negative outcomes. However, non-Caucasian subjects were more likely on average to endorse concerns about poor coping and fear of discrimination.ConclusionsThese data indicate that while the overall risk is modest, some patients with depression may face psychosocial challenges in the context of pharmacogenetic testing. Future work should identify factors that predict distress and aim to tailor test results to different populations.
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- 2020
97. A functional variant in the serotonin receptor 7 gene (HTR7), rs7905446, is associated with good response to SSRIs in bipolar and unipolar depression
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Wei, Ya Bin, McCarthy, Michael, Ren, Hongyan, Carrillo-Roa, Tania, Shekhtman, Tatyana, DeModena, Anna, Liu, Jia Jia, Leckband, Susan G, Mors, Ole, Rietschel, Marcella, Henigsberg, Neven, Cattaneo, Annamaria, Binder, Elisabeth B, Aitchison, Katherine J, and Kelsoe, John R
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Biotechnology ,Mental Health ,Human Genome ,Patient Safety ,Neurosciences ,Brain Disorders ,Depression ,Genetics ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Aetiology ,Mental health ,Adult ,Aged ,Aged ,80 and over ,Animals ,Citalopram ,Depressive Disorder ,Major ,Female ,Fluoxetine ,Humans ,Male ,Middle Aged ,Paroxetine ,Receptors ,Serotonin ,Retrospective Studies ,Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ,Sertraline ,Young Adult ,Biological Sciences ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Psychology and Cognitive Sciences ,Psychiatry - Abstract
Predicting antidepressant response has been a clinical challenge for mood disorder. Although several genome-wide association studies have suggested a number of genetic variants to be associated with antidepressant response, the sample sizes are small and the results are difficult to replicate. Previous animal studies have shown that knockout of the serotonin receptor 7 gene (HTR7) resulted in an antidepressant-like phenotype, suggesting it was important to antidepressant action. In this report, in the first stage, we used a cost-effective pooled-sequencing strategy to sequence the entire HTR7 gene and its regulatory regions to investigate the association of common variants in HTR7 and clinical response to four selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs: citalopram, paroxetine, fluoxetine and sertraline) in a retrospective cohort mainly consisting of subjects with bipolar disorder (n = 359). We found 80 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with false discovery rate
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- 2020
98. Psychiatric drugs impact mitochondrial function in brain and other tissues
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Chan, Shawna T, McCarthy, Michael J, and Vawter, Marquis P
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Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Brain Disorders ,Serious Mental Illness ,Schizophrenia ,Mental Health ,Neurosciences ,Development of treatments and therapeutic interventions ,5.1 Pharmaceuticals ,Mental health ,Antipsychotic Agents ,Brain ,Humans ,Mitochondria ,Pharmaceutical Preparations ,Mitochondria function ,Antipsychotic drug ,Antidepressant drug ,Metabolic syndrome ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Psychology and Cognitive Sciences ,Psychiatry ,Clinical sciences - Abstract
Mitochondria have been linked to the etiology of schizophrenia (SZ). However, studies of mitochondria in SZ might be confounded by the effects of pharmacological treatment with antipsychotic drugs (APDs) and other common medications. This review summarizes findings on relevant mitochondria mechanisms underlying SZ, and the potential impact of psychoactive drugs including primarily APDs, but also antidepressants and anxiolytics. The summarized data suggest that APDs impair mitochondria function by decreasing Complex I activity and ATP production and dissipation of the mitochondria membrane potential. At the same time, in the brains of patients with SZ, antipsychotic drug treatment normalizes gene expression modules enriched in mitochondrial genes that are decreased in SZ. This indicates that APDs may have both positive and negative effects on mitochondria. The available evidence suggests three conclusions i) alterations in mitochondria functions in SZ exist prior to APD treatment, ii) mitochondria alterations in SZ can be reversed by APD treatment, and iii) APDs directly cause impairment of mitochondria function. Overall, the mechanisms of action of psychiatric drugs on mitochondria are both direct and indirect; we conclude the effects of APDs on mitochondria may contribute to both their therapeutic and metabolic side effects. These studies support the hypothesis that neuronal mitochondria are an etiological factor in SZ. Moreover, APDs and other drugs must be considered in the evaluation of this pathophysiological role of mitochondria in SZ. Considering these effects, pharmacological actions on mitochondria may be a worthwhile target for further APD development.
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- 2020
99. Dopamine D2 receptor signaling modulates pancreatic beta cell circadian rhythms.
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Wei, Heather, Zapata, Rizaldy C, Lopez-Valencia, Mariela, Aslanoglou, Despoina, Farino, Zachary J, Benner, Valerie, Osborn, Olivia, Freyberg, Zachary, and McCarthy, Michael J
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Animals ,Mice ,Inbred C57BL ,Mice ,Diabetes Mellitus ,Type 2 ,Obesity ,Weight Gain ,Sulpiride ,Dopamine ,Levodopa ,Bromocriptine ,Insulin ,Glucose ,Blood Glucose ,Receptors ,Dopamine D2 ,Dopamine Agonists ,Circadian Rhythm ,Female ,Insulin-Secreting Cells ,Antipsychotic ,Circadian rhythm ,Diabetes ,Sleep Research ,Neurosciences ,Aetiology ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Metabolic and endocrine ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Psychology and Cognitive Sciences ,Psychiatry - Abstract
Antipsychotic drugs (APD) have clinically important, adverse effects on metabolism that limit their therapeutic utility. Pancreatic beta cells produce dopamine and express the D2 dopamine receptor (D2R). As D2R antagonists, APDs alter glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, indicating that dopamine likely plays a role in APD-induced metabolic dysfunction. Insulin secretion from beta cells is also modulated by the circadian clock. Disturbed circadian rhythms cause metabolic disturbances similar to those observed in APD-treated subjects. Given the importance of dopamine and circadian rhythms for beta cells, we hypothesized that the beta cell dopamine system and circadian clock interact and dually regulate insulin secretion, and that circadian manipulations may alter the metabolic impact of APDs. We measured circadian rhythms, insulin release, and the impact of dopamine upon these processes in beta cells using bioluminescent reporters. We then assessed the impact of circadian timing on weight gain and metabolic outcomes in mice treated with the APD sulpiride at the onset of light or dark. We found that molecular components of the dopamine system were rhythmically expressed in beta cells. D2R stimulation by endogenous dopamine or the agonist bromocriptine reduced circadian rhythm amplitude, and altered the temporal profile of insulin secretion. Sulpiride caused greater weight gain and hyperinsulinemia in mice when given in the dark phase compared to the light phase. D2R-acting drugs affect circadian-dopamine interactions and modulate beta cell metabolic function. These findings identify circadian timing as a novel and important mechanism underlying APD-induced metabolic dysfunction, offering new possibilities for therapeutic interventions.
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- 2020
100. Gas phase detection and rotational spectroscopy of ethynethiol, HCCSH
- Author
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Lee, Kin Long Kelvin, Martin-Drumel, Marine-Aline, Lattanzi, Valerio, McGuire, Brett A., Caselli, Paola, and McCarthy, Michael
- Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies ,Physics - Chemical Physics - Abstract
We report the gas-phase detection and spectroscopic characterization of ethynethiol ($\mathrm{HCCSH}$), a metastable isomer of thioketene ($\mathrm{H_2C_2S}$) using a combination of Fourier-transform microwave and submillimeter-wave spectroscopies. Several $a$-type transitions of the normal species were initially detected below 40 GHz using a supersonic expansion-electrical discharge source, and subsequent measurement of higher-frequency, $b$-type lines using double resonance provided accurate predictions in the submillimeter region. With these, searches using a millimeter-wave absorption spectrometer equipped with a radio frequency discharge source were conducted in the range 280 - 660 GHz, ultimately yielding nearly 100 transitions up to $^rR_0(36)$ and $^rQ_0(68)$. From the combined data set, all three rotational constants and centrifugal distortion terms up to the sextic order were determined to high accuracy, providing a reliable set of frequency predictions to the lower end of the THz band. Isotopic substitution has enabled both a determination of the molecular structure of $\mathrm{HCCSH}$ and, by inference, its formation pathway in our nozzle discharge source via the bimolecular radical-radical recombination reaction $\mathrm{SH + C_2H}$, which is calculated to be highly exothermic (-477 kJ/mol) using the HEAT345(Q) thermochemical scheme., Comment: Accepted for publication in Molecular Physics. 29 pages, 4 tables, 6 figures. Supporting information is available
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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