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51. Fast Inference of Mixture-of-Experts Language Models with Offloading

Author

Eliseev, Artyom and Mazur, Denis

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing
Abstract

With the widespread adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs), many deep learning practitioners are looking for strategies of running these models more efficiently. One such strategy is to use sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) - a type of model architectures where only a fraction of model layers are active for any given input. This property allows MoE-based language models to generate tokens faster than their dense counterparts, but it also increases model size due to having multiple experts. Unfortunately, this makes state-of-the-art MoE language models difficult to run without high-end GPUs. In this work, we study the problem of running large MoE language models on consumer hardware with limited accelerator memory. We build upon parameter offloading algorithms and propose a novel strategy that accelerates offloading by taking advantage of innate properties of MoE LLMs. Using this strategy, we build can run Mixtral-8x7B with mixed quantization on desktop hardware and free-tier Google Colab instances., Comment: Technical report

Published
2023

52. On-Chip Multidimensional Dynamic Control of Twisted Moir\'e Photonic Crystal for Smart Sensing and Imaging

Author

Tang, Haoning, Lou, Beicheng, Du, Fan, Gao, Guangqi, Zhang, Mingjie, Ni, Xueqi, Hu, Evelyn, Yacoby, Amir, Cao, Yuan, Fan, Shanhui, and Mazur, Eric

Subjects
Physics - Optics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Physics - Applied Physics
Abstract

Reconfigurable optics, optical systems that have a dynamically tunable configuration, are emerging as a new frontier in photonics research. Recently, twisted moir\'e photonic crystal has become a competitive candidate for implementing reconfigurable optics because of its high degree of tunability. However, despite its great potential as versatile optics components, simultaneous and dynamic modulation of multiple degrees of freedom in twisted moir\'e photonic crystal has remained out of reach, severely limiting its area of application. In this paper, we present a MEMS-integrated twisted moir\'e photonic crystal sensor that offers precise control over the interlayer gap and twist angle between two photonic crystal layers, and demonstrate an active twisted moir\'e photonic crystal-based optical sensor that can simultaneously resolve wavelength and polarization. Leveraging twist- and gap-tuned resonance modes, we achieve high-accuracy spectropolarimetric reconstruction of light using an adaptive sensing algorithm over a broad operational bandwidth in the telecom range and full Poincar\'e sphere. Our research showcases the remarkable capabilities of multidimensional control over emergent degrees of freedom in reconfigurable nanophotonics platforms and establishes a scalable pathway towards creating comprehensive flat-optics devices suitable for versatile light manipulation and information processing tasks.

Published
2023

53. SuperPrimitive: Scene Reconstruction at a Primitive Level

Author

Mazur, Kirill, Bae, Gwangbin, and Davison, Andrew J.

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

Joint camera pose and dense geometry estimation from a set of images or a monocular video remains a challenging problem due to its computational complexity and inherent visual ambiguities. Most dense incremental reconstruction systems operate directly on image pixels and solve for their 3D positions using multi-view geometry cues. Such pixel-level approaches suffer from ambiguities or violations of multi-view consistency (e.g. caused by textureless or specular surfaces). We address this issue with a new image representation which we call a SuperPrimitive. SuperPrimitives are obtained by splitting images into semantically correlated local regions and enhancing them with estimated surface normal directions, both of which are predicted by state-of-the-art single image neural networks. This provides a local geometry estimate per SuperPrimitive, while their relative positions are adjusted based on multi-view observations. We demonstrate the versatility of our new representation by addressing three 3D reconstruction tasks: depth completion, few-view structure from motion, and monocular dense visual odometry., Comment: CVPR2024. Project Page: https://makezur.github.io/SuperPrimitive/

Published
2023

54. Constraints on metastable superheavy dark matter coupled to sterile neutrinos with the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author

The Pierre Auger Collaboration, Halim, A. Abdul, Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Allekotte, I., Cheminant, K. Almeida, Almela, A., Aloisio, R., Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Yebra, J. Ammerman, Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andrada, B., Andringa, S., Apollonio, L., Aramo, C., Ferreira, P. R. Araújo, Arnone, E., Velázquez, J. C. Arteaga, Assis, P., Avila, G., Avocone, E., Bakalova, A., Barbato, F., Mocellin, A. Bartz, Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bhatta, G., Bianciotto, M., Biermann, P. L., Binet, V., Bismark, K., Bister, T., Biteau, J., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Blümer, J., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Arbeletche, L. Bonneau, Borodai, N., Brack, J., Orchera, P. G. Brichetto, Briechle, F. L., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Büsken, M., Bwembya, A., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Cabana-Freire, S., Caccianiga, L., Campuzano, F., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalani, F., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cerda, M., Cermenati, A., Chinellato, J. A., Chudoba, J., Chytka, L., Clay, R. W., Cerutti, A. C. Cobos, Colalillo, R., Coluccia, M. R., Conceição, R., Condorelli, A., Consolati, G., Conte, M., Convenga, F., Santos, D. Correia dos, Costa, P. J., Covault, C. E., Cristinziani, M., Sanchez, C. S. Cruz, Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., de Almeida, R. M., de Jesús, J., de Jong, S. J., Neto, J. R. T. de Mello, De Mitri, I., de Oliveira, J., Franco, D. de Oliveira, de Palma, F., de Souza, V., de Errico, B. P. de Souza, De Vito, E., Del Popolo, A., Deligny, O., Denner, N., Deval, L., di Matteo, A., Dobre, M., Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J. C., Mendes, L. M. Domingues, Dorosti, Q., Anjos, J. C. dos, Anjos, R. C. dos, Ebr, J., Ellwanger, F., Emam, M., Engel, R., Epicoco, I., Erdmann, M., Etchegoyen, A., Evoli, C., Falcke, H., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Feldbusch, F., Fenu, F., Fernandes, A., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filipčič, A., Fitoussi, T., Flaggs, B., Fodran, T., Fujii, T., Fuster, A., Galea, C., Galelli, C., García, B., Gaudu, C., Gemmeke, H., Gesualdi, F., Gherghel-Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Glombitza, J., Gobbi, F., Gollan, F., Golup, G., Berisso, M. Gómez, Vitale, P. F. Gómez, Gongora, J. P., González, J. M., González, N., Góra, D., Gorgi, A., Gottowik, M., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Guido, E., Gülzow, L., Hahn, S., Hamal, P., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harvey, V. M., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Hojvat, C., Hörandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Janecek, P., Jilek, V., Johnsen, J. A., Jurysek, J., Kampert, K. -H., Keilhauer, B., Khakurdikar, A., Covilakam, V. V. Kizakke, Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Knapp, F., Köhler, J., Kunka, N., Lago, B. L., Langner, N., de Oliveira, M. A. Leigui, Lema-Capeans, Y., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Lopes, L., Lu, L., Luce, Q., Lundquist, J. P., Payeras, A. Machado, Majercakova, M., Mandat, D., Manning, B. C., Mantsch, P., Mariani, F. M., Mariazzi, A. G., Mariş, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martinelli, S., Bravo, O. Martínez, Martins, M. A., Mathes, H. -J., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Mayotte, E., Mayotte, S., Mazur, P. O., Medina-Tanco, G., Meinert, J., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Merx, C., Michal, S., Micheletti, M. I., Miramonti, L., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morejon, L., Morello, C., Mulrey, K., Mussa, R., Namasaka, W. M., Negi, S., Nellen, L., Nguyen, K., Nicora, G., Niechciol, M., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nožka, L., Nucita, A., Núñez, L. A., Oliveira, C., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Panja, S., Parente, G., Paulsen, T., Pawlowsky, J., Pech, M., Pękala, J., Pelayo, R., Pereira, L. A. S., Martins, E. E. Pereira, Armand, J. Perez, Bertolli, C. Pérez, Perrone, L., Petrera, S., Petrucci, C., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Platino, M., Pont, B., Pothast, M., Shahvar, M. Pourmohammad, Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Querchfeld, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravignani, D., Akim, J. V. Reginatto, Reininghaus, M., Ridky, J., Riehn, F., Risse, M., Rizi, V., de Carvalho, W. Rodrigues, Rodriguez, E., Rojo, J. Rodriguez, Roncoroni, M. J., Rossoni, S., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Ruehl, P., Saftoiu, A., Saharan, M., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Gomez, J. D. Sanabria, Sánchez, F., Santos, E. M., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarmento, R., Sato, R., Savina, P., Schäfer, C. M., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schimassek, M., Schimp, M., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F. G., Schulte, J., Schulz, T., Sciutto, S. J., Scornavacche, M., Sedoski, A., Segreto, A., Sehgal, S., Shivashankara, S. U., Sigl, G., Silli, G., Sima, O., Simkova, K., Simon, F., Smau, R., Šmída, R., Sommers, P., Soriano, J. F., Squartini, R., Stadelmaier, M., Stanič, S., Stasielak, J., Stassi, P., Strähnz, S., Straub, M., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Svozilikova, Z., Szadkowski, Z., Tairli, F., Tapia, A., Taricco, C., Timmermans, C., Tkachenko, O., Tobiska, P., Peixoto, C. J. Todero, Tomé, B., Torrès, Z., Travaini, A., Travnicek, P., Trimarelli, C., Tueros, M., Unger, M., Vaclavek, L., Vacula, M., Galicia, J. F. Valdés, Valore, L., Varela, E., Vásquez-Ramírez, A., Veberič, D., Ventura, C., Quispe, I. D. Vergara, Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Vink, J., Vorobiov, S., Watanabe, C., Watson, A. A., Weindl, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczyński, H., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Yue, B., Yushkov, A., Zapparrata, O., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., and Zavrtanik, M.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Dark matter particles could be superheavy, provided their lifetime is much longer than the age of the universe. Using the sensitivity of the Pierre Auger Observatory to ultra-high energy neutrinos and photons, we constrain a specific extension of the Standard Model of particle physics that meets the lifetime requirement for a superheavy particle by coupling it to a sector of ultra-light sterile neutrinos. Our results show that, for a typical dark coupling constant of 0.1, the mixing angle $\theta_m$ between active and sterile neutrinos must satisfy, roughly, $\theta_m \lesssim 1.5\times 10^{-6}(M_X/10^9~\mathrm{GeV})^{-2}$ for a mass $M_X$ of the dark-matter particle between $10^8$ and $10^{11}~$GeV., Comment: Version accepted for publication in PRD Letters, including Supplemental Material

Published
2023
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55. On-chip multi-degree-of-freedom control of two-dimensional quantum and nonlinear materials

Author

Tang, Haoning, Wang, Yiting, Ni, Xueqi, Watanabe, Kenji, Taniguchi, Takashi, Jarillo-Herrero, Pablo, Fan, Shanhui, Mazur, Eric, Yacoby, Amir, and Cao, Yuan

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Physics - Applied Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics - Optics
Abstract

Two-dimensional materials (2DM) and their derived heterostructures have electrical and optical properties that are widely tunable via several approaches, most notably electrostatic gating and interfacial engineering such as twisting. While electrostatic gating is simple and has been ubiquitously employed on 2DM, being able to tailor the interfacial properties in a similar real-time manner represents the next leap in our ability to modulate the underlying physics and build exotic devices with 2DM. However, all existing approaches rely on external machinery such as scanning microscopes, which often limit their scope of applications, and there is currently no means of tuning a 2D interface that has the same accessibility and scalability as electrostatic gating. Here, we demonstrate the first on-chip platform designed for 2D materials with in situ tunable interfacial properties, utilizing a microelectromechanical system (MEMS). Each compact, cost-effective, and versatile device is a standalone micromachine that allows voltage-controlled approaching, twisting, and pressurizing of 2DM with high accuracy. As a demonstration, we engineer synthetic topological singularities, known as merons, in the nonlinear optical susceptibility of twisted hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), via simultaneous control of twist angle and interlayer separation. The chirality of the resulting moire pattern further induces a strong circular dichroism in the second-harmonic generation. A potential application of this topological nonlinear susceptibility is to create integrated classical and quantum light sources that have widely and real-time tunable polarization. Our invention pushes the boundary of available technologies for manipulating low-dimensional quantum materials, which in turn opens up the gateway for designing future hybrid 2D-3D devices for condensed-matter physics, quantum optics, and beyond., Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures

Published
2023

56. Three Dimensional Reconfigurable Optical Singularities in Bilayer Photonic Crystals

Author

Ni, Xueqi, Liu, Yuan, Lou, Beicheng, Zhang, Mingjie, Hu, Evelyn L., Fan, Shanhui, Mazur, Eric, and Tang, Haoning

Subjects
Physics - Optics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

Metasurfaces and photonic crystals have revolutionized classical and quantum manipulation of light, and opened the door to studying various optical singularities related to phases and polarization states. However, traditional nanophotonic devices lack reconfigurability, hindering the dynamic switching and optimization of optical singularities. This paper delves into the underexplored concept of tunable bilayer photonic crystals (BPhCs), which offer rich interlayer coupling effects. Utilizing silicon nitride-based BPhCs, we demonstrate tunable bidirectional and unidirectional polarization singularities, along with spatiotemporal phase singularities. Leveraging these tunable singularities, we achieve dynamic modulation of bound-state-in-continuum states, unidirectional guided resonances, and both longitudinal and transverse orbital angular momentum. Our work paves the way for multidimensional control over polarization and phase, inspiring new directions in ultrafast optics, optoelectronics, and quantum optics.

Published
2023

57. Universal kinetics of the stochastic formation of polarization domain structures in a uniaxial single-crystal ferroelectric

Author

Mazur, Olga Y., Stefanovich, Leonid I., and Genenko, Yuri A.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Initial conditions after quenching from a high-temperature paraelectric phase to a low-temperature ferroelectric phase have a substantial impact on the temporal development and formation of stable polarization domain structures which eventually determine physical properties and the functionality of ferroelectrics. Based on the recently advanced exactly solvable model of the stochastic domain structure kinetics in a uniaxial ferroelectric [Phys. Rev. B 107, 144109 (2023)], we study the effect of the magnitude of the initial disorder, its initial correlation length and polarization correlation function on the system evolution. For different shapes of the initial correlation function, the time-dependent correlation length and the two-point polarization correlation coefficient are calculated analytically demonstrating universal features and a good agreement with the available experimental data. Particularly, the magnitude of the charge density correlation function reveals a strong reduction of the bound charges at the nominally charged domain walls which was recently observed experimentally in uniaxial ferroelectrics. Consequently, the integrodifferential equations of evolution for the polarization correlation function and the mean polarization are numerically solved for different initial conditions. The temporal dependence of the polarization mean value and variance are evaluated demonstrating the bifurcation behavior depending on the applied electric field. The impact of the initial state properties on the coercive field deciding between the single- and multi-domain final states of the system is disclosed., Comment: 31 pages, 21 figures

Published
2023

58. Robust poor man's Majorana zero modes using Yu-Shiba-Rusinov states

Author

Zatelli, Francesco, van Driel, David, Xu, Di, Wang, Guanzhong, Liu, Chun-Xiao, Bordin, Alberto, Roovers, Bart, Mazur, Grzegorz P., van Loo, Nick, Wolff, Jan Cornelis, Bozkurt, A. Mert, Badawy, Ghada, Gazibegovic, Sasa, Bakkers, Erik P. A. M., Wimmer, Michael, Kouwenhoven, Leo P., and Dvir, Tom

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, Quantum Physics
Abstract

The recent realization of a two-site Kitaev chain featuring "poor man's Majorana" states demonstrates a path forward in the field of topological superconductivity. Harnessing the potential of these states for quantum information processing, however, requires increasing their robustness to external perturbations. Here, we form a two-site Kitaev chain using proximitized quantum dots hosting Yu-Shiba-Rusinov states. The strong hybridization between such states and the superconductor enables the creation of poor man's Majorana states with a gap larger than $70 \mathrm{~\mu eV}$. It also greatly reduces the charge dispersion compared to Kitaev chains made with non-proximitized quantum dots. The large gap and reduced sensitivity to charge fluctuations will benefit qubit manipulation and demonstration of non-abelian physics using poor man's Majorana states., Comment: 45 pages, 14 figures

Published
2023

59. Charge sensing the parity of an Andreev molecule

Author

van Driel, David, Roovers, Bart, Zatelli, Francesco, Bordin, Alberto, Wang, Guanzhong, van Loo, Nick, Wolff, Jan Cornelis, Mazur, Grzegorz P., Gazibegovic, Sasa, Badawy, Ghada, Bakkers, Erik P. A. M., Kouwenhoven, Leo P., and Dvir, Tom

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

The proximity effect of superconductivity on confined states in semiconductors gives rise to various bound states such as Andreev bound states (ABSs), Andreev molecules and Majorana zero modes. While such bound states do not conserve charge, their Fermion parity is a good quantum number. One way to measure parity is to convert it to charge first, which is then sensed. In this work, we sense the charge of ABSs and Andreev molecules in an InSb-Al hybrid nanowire using an integrated quantum dot operated as a charge sensor. We show how charge sensing measurements can resolve the even and odd states of an Andreev molecule, without affecting the parity. Such an approach can be further utilized for parity measurements of Majorana zero modes in Kitaev chains based on quantum dots.

Published
2023

60. COLȚURI ASCUȚITE ALE MALADIEI CASTLEMAN - CAZ CLINIC

Author

Lucia MAZUR-NICORICI, Victoria SADOVICI, Nicoleta CALUGARESCO, Snejana VETRILA, Sanda BURUIANĂ, Victor CIUPERCĂ, and Minodora MAZUR

Subjects
boala castleman, diagnostic, cercetare imunohistochimică, Medicine (General), R5-920, Internal medicine, RC31-1245, Other systems of medicine, RZ201-999, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Boala Castleman (BC) este o afecțiune foarte rară, care poate apărea la orice vârstă și care afectează 16:100000 pacienți/ani. BC se caracterizează prin simptome inflamatorii sistemice, limfadenopatie generalizată, proliferarea limfocitelor policlonale și disfuncții multiple ale sistemelor de organe, fiind adesea asociată cu tulburări autoimune, care pot precede, identificate concomitent sau urma diagnosticul. Lucrarea prezintă criteriile majore și minore în baza cărora se stabilește diagnosticul, precum și importanța lucrului interdisciplinar în identificarea și realizarea diagnosticului diferențial al bolii Castleman.

Published
2024
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62. Discussion on Individual Educational Trajectory as an Integral Component of Continuous Professional Development

Author

Iryna Mazur, Nataliia Hasiuk, Myroslava Drohomyretska, Ivan Popovych, and Volodymyr Radchuk

Abstract

The system of continuous professional development of doctors in Ukraine needs detailed analysis and comprehensive dynamic monitoring to become a process that includes the possibility of a doctor's professional growth. The research aims to monitor approaches to the continuous professional development of dentists for the formation and improvement of professional competence skills by highlighting the role of individual educational trajectory based on the priority of work formats with professional information, methods of familiarization with it and its receiving. 2216 respondents took part in the research, filling out a questionnaire during scientific and practical events of professional schools for dentists in online mode in March 2023, which included questions on the definition and objectification of forms, formats, ways of implementing continuous professional development and the vision of approaches to acquiring new knowledge and skills. The data obtained was processed using the StatSoft Inc licence program. Analytical research methods and structural-logical analysis were applied. According to the survey results, an individual's educational trajectory should include attending lectures, professional seminars, working with scientific and practical publications. The main quality requirement for publications is their good illustration of clinical cases and algorithms for working with patients. The analysis results of the rating parameters of professional dental journals declare the request of the dental community to improve the quality of material content, visual design and a possible change in positioning.

Published
2023
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77. Radio Measurements of the Depth of Air-Shower Maximum at the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author

The Pierre Auger Collaboration, Halim, A. Abdul, Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Allekotte, I., Cheminant, K. Almeida, Almela, A., Aloisio, R., Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Yebra, J. Ammerman, Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andrada, B., Andringa, S., Anukriti, Apollonio, L., Aramo, C., Ferreira, P. R. Araújo, Arnone, E., Velázquez, J. C. Arteaga, Assis, P., Avila, G., Avocone, E., Bakalova, A., Barbato, F., Mocellin, A. Bartz, Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bhatta, G., Bianciotto, M., Biermann, P. L., Binet, V., Bismark, K., Bister, T., Biteau, J., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Blümer, J., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Arbeletche, L. Bonneau, Borodai, N., Brack, J., Orchera, P. G. Brichetto, Briechle, F. L., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Büsken, M., Bwembya, A., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Cabana-Freire, S., Caccianiga, L., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalani, F., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cerda, M., Cermenati, A., Chinellato, J. A., Chudoba, J., Chytka, L., Clay, R. W., Cerutti, A. C. Cobos, Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Coluccia, M. R., Conceição, R., Condorelli, A., Consolati, G., Conte, M., Convenga, F., Santos, D. Correia dos, Costa, P. J., Covault, C. E., Cristinziani, M., Sanchez, C. S. Cruz, Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., de Almeida, R. M., de Jesús, J., de Jong, S. J., Neto, J. R. T. de Mello, De Mitri, I., de Oliveira, J., Franco, D. de Oliveira, de Palma, F., de Souza, V., de Errico, B. P. de Souza, De Vito, E., Del Popolo, A., Deligny, O., Denner, N., Deval, L., di Matteo, A., Dobre, M., Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J. C., Mendes, L. M. Domingues, Dorosti, Q., Anjos, J. C. dos, Anjos, R. C. dos, Ebr, J., Ellwanger, F., Emam, M., Engel, R., Epicoco, I., Erdmann, M., Etchegoyen, A., Evoli, C., Falcke, H., Farmer, J., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Feldbusch, F., Fenu, F., Fernandes, A., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filipčič, A., Fitoussi, T., Flaggs, B., Fodran, T., Fujii, T., Fuster, A., Galea, C., Galelli, C., García, B., Gaudu, C., Gemmeke, H., Gesualdi, F., Gherghel-Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Glombitza, J., Gobbi, F., Gollan, F., Golup, G., Berisso, M. Gómez, Vitale, P. F. Gómez, Gongora, J. P., González, J. M., González, N., Goos, I., Góra, D., Gorgi, A., Gottowik, M., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Guido, E., Gülzow, L., Hahn, S., Hamal, P., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harvey, V. M., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Hojvat, C., Hörandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Janecek, P., Jilek, V., Johnsen, J. A., Jurysek, J., Kampert, K. -H., Keilhauer, B., Khakurdikar, A., Covilakam, V. V. Kizakke, Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Knapp, F., Köhler, J., Kunka, N., Lago, B. L., Langner, N., de Oliveira, M. A. Leigui, Lema-Capeans, Y., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Lopes, L., Lu, L., Luce, Q., Lundquist, J. P., Payeras, A. Machado, Majercakova, M., Mandat, D., Manning, B. C., Mantsch, P., Marafico, S., Mariani, F. M., Mariazzi, A. G., Mariş, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martinelli, S., Bravo, O. Martínez, Martins, M. A., Mathes, H. -J., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Mayotte, E., Mayotte, S., Mazur, P. O., Medina-Tanco, G., Meinert, J., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Merx, C., Michal, S., Micheletti, M. I., Miramonti, L., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morejon, L., Morello, C., Mulrey, K., Mussa, R., Namasaka, W. M., Negi, S., Nellen, L., Nguyen, K., Nicora, G., Niechciol, M., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nožka, L., Nucita, A., Núñez, L. A., Oliveira, C., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Panja, S., Parente, G., Paulsen, T., Pawlowsky, J., Pech, M., Pękala, J., Pelayo, R., Pereira, L. A. S., Martins, E. E. Pereira, Armand, J. Perez, Bertolli, C. Pérez, Perrone, L., Petrera, S., Petrucci, C., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Platino, M., Pont, B., Pothast, M., Shahvar, M. Pourmohammad, Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Puyleart, A., Querchfeld, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravignani, D., Akim, J. V. Reginatto, Reininghaus, M., Ridky, J., Riehn, F., Risse, M., Rizi, V., de Carvalho, W. Rodrigues, Rodriguez, E., Rojo, J. Rodriguez, Roncoroni, M. J., Rossoni, S., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Ruehl, P., Saftoiu, A., Saharan, M., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Gomez, J. D. Sanabria, Sánchez, F., Santos, E. M., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarmento, R., Sato, R., Savina, P., Schäfer, C. M., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schimassek, M., Schimp, M., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F. G., Schulte, J., Schulz, T., Sciutto, S. J., Scornavacche, M., Segreto, A., Sehgal, S., Shivashankara, S. U., Sigl, G., Silli, G., Sima, O., Simkova, K., Simon, F., Smau, R., Šmída, R., Sommers, P., Soriano, J. F., Squartini, R., Stadelmaier, M., Stanič, S., Stasielak, J., Stassi, P., Strähnz, S., Straub, M., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Svozilikova, Z., Szadkowski, Z., Tairli, F., Tapia, A., Taricco, C., Timmermans, C., Tkachenko, O., Tobiska, P., Peixoto, C. J. Todero, Tomé, B., Torrès, Z., Travaini, A., Travnicek, P., Trimarelli, C., Tueros, M., Unger, M., Vaclavek, L., Vacula, M., Galicia, J. F. Valdés, Valore, L., Varela, E., Vásquez-Ramírez, A., Veberič, D., Ventura, C., Quispe, I. D. Vergara, Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Vink, J., Vorobiov, S., Watanabe, C., Watson, A. A., Weindl, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczyński, H., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Yue, B., Yushkov, A., Zapparrata, O., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., and Zavrtanik, M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA), part of the Pierre Auger Observatory, is currently the largest array of radio antenna stations deployed for the detection of cosmic rays, spanning an area of $17$ km$^2$ with 153 radio stations. It detects the radio emission of extensive air showers produced by cosmic rays in the $30-80$ MHz band. Here, we report the AERA measurements of the depth of the shower maximum ($X_\text{max}$), a probe for mass composition, at cosmic-ray energies between $10^{17.5}$ to $10^{18.8}$ eV, which show agreement with earlier measurements with the fluorescence technique at the Pierre Auger Observatory. We show advancements in the method for radio $X_\text{max}$ reconstruction by comparison to dedicated sets of CORSIKA/CoREAS air-shower simulations, including steps of reconstruction-bias identification and correction, which is of particular importance for irregular or sparse radio arrays. Using the largest set of radio air-shower measurements to date, we show the radio $X_\text{max}$ resolution as a function of energy, reaching a resolution better than $15$ g cm$^{-2}$ at the highest energies, demonstrating that radio $X_\text{max}$ measurements are competitive with the established high-precision fluorescence technique. In addition, we developed a procedure for performing an extensive data-driven study of systematic uncertainties, including the effects of acceptance bias, reconstruction bias, and the investigation of possible residual biases. These results have been cross-checked with air showers measured independently with both the radio and fluorescence techniques, a setup unique to the Pierre Auger Observatory., Comment: Submitted to Phys. Rev. D

Published
2023

78. Demonstrating Agreement between Radio and Fluorescence Measurements of the Depth of Maximum of Extensive Air Showers at the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author

The Pierre Auger Collaboration, Halim, A. Abdul, Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Allekotte, I., Cheminant, K. Almeida, Almela, A., Aloisio, R., Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Yebra, J. Ammerman, Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andrada, B., Andringa, S., Anukriti, Apollonio, L., Aramo, C., Ferreira, P. R. Araújo, Arnone, E., Velázquez, J. C. Arteaga, Assis, P., Avila, G., Avocone, E., Bakalova, A., Barbato, F., Mocellin, A. Bartz, Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bhatta, G., Bianciotto, M., Biermann, P. L., Binet, V., Bismark, K., Bister, T., Biteau, J., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Blümer, J., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Arbeletche, L. Bonneau, Borodai, N., Brack, J., Orchera, P. G. Brichetto, Briechle, F. L., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Büsken, M., Bwembya, A., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Cabana-Freire, S., Caccianiga, L., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalani, F., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cerda, M., Cermenati, A., Chinellato, J. A., Chudoba, J., Chytka, L., Clay, R. W., Cerutti, A. C. Cobos, Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Coluccia, M. R., Conceição, R., Condorelli, A., Consolati, G., Conte, M., Convenga, F., Santos, D. Correia dos, Costa, P. J., Covault, C. E., Cristinziani, M., Sanchez, C. S. Cruz, Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., de Almeida, R. M., de Jesús, J., de Jong, S. J., Neto, J. R. T. de Mello, De Mitri, I., de Oliveira, J., Franco, D. de Oliveira, de Palma, F., de Souza, V., de Errico, B. P. de Souza, De Vito, E., Del Popolo, A., Deligny, O., Denner, N., Deval, L., di Matteo, A., Dobre, M., Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J. C., Mendes, L. M. Domingues, Dorosti, Q., Anjos, J. C. dos, Anjos, R. C. dos, Ebr, J., Ellwanger, F., Emam, M., Engel, R., Epicoco, I., Erdmann, M., Etchegoyen, A., Evoli, C., Falcke, H., Farmer, J., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Feldbusch, F., Fenu, F., Fernandes, A., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filipčič, A., Fitoussi, T., Flaggs, B., Fodran, T., Fujii, T., Fuster, A., Galea, C., Galelli, C., García, B., Gaudu, C., Gemmeke, H., Gesualdi, F., Gherghel-Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Glombitza, J., Gobbi, F., Gollan, F., Golup, G., Berisso, M. Gómez, Vitale, P. F. Gómez, Gongora, J. P., González, J. M., González, N., Goos, I., Góra, D., Gorgi, A., Gottowik, M., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Guido, E., Gülzow, L., Hahn, S., Hamal, P., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harvey, V. M., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Hojvat, C., Hörandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Janecek, P., Jilek, V., Johnsen, J. A., Jurysek, J., Kampert, K. -H., Keilhauer, B., Khakurdikar, A., Covilakam, V. V. Kizakke, Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Knapp, F., Köhler, J., Kunka, N., Lago, B. L., Langner, N., de Oliveira, M. A. Leigui, Lema-Capeans, Y., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Lopes, L., Lu, L., Luce, Q., Lundquist, J. P., Payeras, A. Machado, Majercakova, M., Mandat, D., Manning, B. C., Mantsch, P., Marafico, S., Mariani, F. M., Mariazzi, A. G., Mariş, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martinelli, S., Bravo, O. Martínez, Martins, M. A., Mathes, H. -J., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Mayotte, E., Mayotte, S., Mazur, P. O., Medina-Tanco, G., Meinert, J., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Merx, C., Michal, S., Micheletti, M. I., Miramonti, L., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morejon, L., Morello, C., Mulrey, K., Mussa, R., Namasaka, W. M., Negi, S., Nellen, L., Nguyen, K., Nicora, G., Niechciol, M., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nožka, L., Nucita, A., Núñez, L. A., Oliveira, C., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Panja, S., Parente, G., Paulsen, T., Pawlowsky, J., Pech, M., Pękala, J., Pelayo, R., Pereira, L. A. S., Martins, E. E. Pereira, Armand, J. Perez, Bertolli, C. Pérez, Perrone, L., Petrera, S., Petrucci, C., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Platino, M., Pont, B., Pothast, M., Shahvar, M. Pourmohammad, Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Puyleart, A., Querchfeld, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravignani, D., Akim, J. V. Reginatto, Reininghaus, M., Ridky, J., Riehn, F., Risse, M., Rizi, V., de Carvalho, W. Rodrigues, Rodriguez, E., Rojo, J. Rodriguez, Roncoroni, M. J., Rossoni, S., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Ruehl, P., Saftoiu, A., Saharan, M., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Gomez, J. D. Sanabria, Sánchez, F., Santos, E. M., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarmento, R., Sato, R., Savina, P., Schäfer, C. M., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schimassek, M., Schimp, M., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F. G., Schulte, J., Schulz, T., Sciutto, S. J., Scornavacche, M., Segreto, A., Sehgal, S., Shivashankara, S. U., Sigl, G., Silli, G., Sima, O., Simkova, K., Simon, F., Smau, R., Šmída, R., Sommers, P., Soriano, J. F., Squartini, R., Stadelmaier, M., Stanič, S., Stasielak, J., Stassi, P., Strähnz, S., Straub, M., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Svozilikova, Z., Szadkowski, Z., Tairli, F., Tapia, A., Taricco, C., Timmermans, C., Tkachenko, O., Tobiska, P., Peixoto, C. J. Todero, Tomé, B., Torrès, Z., Travaini, A., Travnicek, P., Trimarelli, C., Tueros, M., Unger, M., Vaclavek, L., Vacula, M., Galicia, J. F. Valdés, Valore, L., Varela, E., Vásquez-Ramírez, A., Veberič, D., Ventura, C., Quispe, I. D. Vergara, Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Vink, J., Vorobiov, S., Watanabe, C., Watson, A. A., Weindl, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczyński, H., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Yue, B., Yushkov, A., Zapparrata, O., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., and Zavrtanik, M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

We show, for the first time, radio measurements of the depth of shower maximum ($X_\text{max}$) of air showers induced by cosmic rays that are compared to measurements of the established fluorescence method at the same location. Using measurements at the Pierre Auger Observatory we show full compatibility between our radio and the previously published fluorescence data set, and between a subset of air showers observed simultaneously with both radio and fluorescence techniques, a measurement setup unique to the Pierre Auger Observatory. Furthermore, we show radio $X_\text{max}$ resolution as a function of energy and demonstrate the ability to make competitive high-resolution $X_\text{max}$ measurements with even a sparse radio array. With this, we show that the radio technique is capable of cosmic-ray mass composition studies, both at Auger and at other experiments., Comment: Submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett

Published
2023

79. The Golden Meteorite Fall: Fireball Trajectory, Orbit and Meteorite Characterization

Author

Brown, P. G., McCausland, P. J. A., Hildebrand, A. R, Hanton, L. T. J., Eckart, L. M., Busemann, H., Krietsch, D., Maden, C., Welten, K., Caffee, M. W., Laubenstein, M., Vida, D., Ciceri, F., Silber, E., Herd, C. D. K., Hill, P., Devillepoix, H., Sansom, Eleanor K., Cupák, Martin, Anderson, Seamus, Flemming, R. L., Nelson, A. J., Mazur, M., Moser, D. E., Cooke, W. J., Hladiuk, D., Malečić, Barbara, Prtenjak, Maja Telišman, and Nowell, R.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Physics - Geophysics
Abstract

The Golden (British Columbia, Canada) meteorite fall occurred on Oct 4, 2021 at 0534 UT with the first recovered fragment (1.3 kg) landing on an occupied bed. The meteorite is an unbrecciated, low-shock (S2) ordinary chondrite of intermediate composition, typed as an L/LL5. From noble gas measurements the cosmic ray exposure age is 25 Ma while gas retention ages are all >2 Ga. Short-lived radionuclides and noble gas measurements of the pre-atmospheric size overlap with estimates from infrasound and lightcurve modelling producing a preferred pre-atmospheric mass of 70-200 kg. The orbit of Golden has a high inclination (23.5 degs) and is consistent with delivery from the inner main belt. The highest probability (60%) of an origin is from the Hungaria group. We propose that Golden may originate among the background S-type asteroids found interspersed in the Hungaria region. The current collection of 18 L and LL chondrite orbits shows a strong preference for origins in the inner main belt, suggesting multiple parent bodies may be required to explain the diversity in CRE ages and shock states., Comment: 92 Pages, 20 Tables, 21 Figures, plus 3 appendices, accepted in Meteoritics and Planetary Science Oct 26 2023

Published
2023

80. Ground observations of a space laser for the assessment of its in-orbit performance

Author

The Pierre Auger Collaboration, Lux, O., Krisch, I., Reitebuch, O., Huber, D., Wernham, D., Parrinello, T., Halim, A. Abdul, Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Allekotte, I., Cheminant, K. Almeida, Almela, A., Aloisio, R., Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Yebra, J. Ammerman, Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andrada, B., Andringa, S., Anukriti, Apollonio, L., Aramo, C., Ferreira, P. R. Araújo, Arnone, E., Velázquez, J. C. Arteaga, Assis, P., Avila, G., Avocone, E., Badescu, A. M., Bakalova, A., Barbato, F., Mocellin, A. Bartz, Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bhatta, G., Bianciotto, M., Biermann, P. L., Binet, V., Bismark, K., Bister, T., Biteau, J., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Blümer, J., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Arbeletche, L. Bonneau, Borodai, N., Brack, J., Orchera, P. G. Brichetto, Briechle, F. L., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Bwembya, A., Büsken, M., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Cabana-Freire, S., Caccianiga, L., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalani, F., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cerda, M., Cermenati, A., Chinellato, J. A., Chudoba, J., Chytka, L., Clay, R. W., Cerutti, A. C. Cobos, Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Coluccia, M. R., Conceição, R., Condorelli, A., Consolati, G., Conte, M., Convenga, F., Santos, D. Correia dos, Costa, P. J., Covault, C. E., Cristinziani, M., Sanchez, C. S. Cruz, Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., de Almeida, R. M., de Jesús, J., de Jong, S. J., Neto, J. R. T. de Mello, De Mitri, I., de Oliveira, J., Franco, D. de Oliveira, de Palma, F., de Souza, V., de Errico, B. P. de Souza, De Vito, E., Del Popolo, A., Deligny, O., Denner, N., Deval, L., di Matteo, A., Dobre, M., Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J. C., Mendes, L. M. Domingues, Dorosti, Q., Anjos, J. C. dos, Anjos, R. C. dos, Ebr, J., Ellwanger, F., Emam, M., Engel, R., Epicoco, I., Erdmann, M., Etchegoyen, A., Evoli, C., Falcke, H., Farmer, J., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Feldbusch, F., Fenu, F., Fernandes, A., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filipčič, A., Fitoussi, T., Flaggs, B., Fodran, T., Fujii, T., Fuster, A., Galea, C., Galelli, C., García, B., Gaudu, C., Gemmeke, H., Gesualdi, F., Gherghel-Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Glombitza, J., Gobbi, F., Gollan, F., Golup, G., Gongora, J. P., González, J. M., González, N., Goos, I., Gorgi, A., Gottowik, M., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Guido, E., Berisso, M. Gómez, Vitale, P. F. Gómez, Góra, D., Gülzow, L., Hahn, S., Hamal, P., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harvey, V. M., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Hojvat, C., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Hörandel, J. R., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Janecek, P., Johnsen, J. A., Jurysek, J., Kampert, K. H., Keilhauer, B., Khakurdikar, A., Covilakam, V. V. Kizakke, Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Knapp, F., Kunka, N., Köhler, J., Lago, B. L., Langner, N., de Oliveira, M. A. Leigui, Lema-Capeans, Y., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Lopes, L., Lu, L., Luce, Q., Lundquist, J. P., Payeras, A. Machado, Majercakova, M., Mandat, D., Manning, B. C., Mantsch, P., Marafico, S., Mariani, F. M., Mariazzi, A. G., Mariş, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martinelli, S., Martins, M. A., Bravo, O. Martínez, Mathes, H. J., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Mayotte, E., Mayotte, S., Mazur, P. O., Medina-Tanco, G., Meinert, J., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Merx, C., Michal, S., Micheletti, M. I., Miramonti, L., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morejon, L., Morello, C., Mulrey, K., Mussa, R., Namasaka, W. M., Negi, S., Nellen, L., Nguyen, K., Nicora, G., Niechciol, M., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nožka, L., Nucita, A., Núñez, L. A., Oliveira, C., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Panja, S., Parente, G., Paulsen, T., Pawlowsky, J., Pech, M., Pelayo, R., Pereira, L. A. S., Martins, E. E. Pereira, Armand, J. Perez, Perrone, L., Petrera, S., Petrucci, C., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Platino, M., Pont, B., Pothast, M., Shahvar, M. Pourmohammad, Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Puyleart, A., Bertolli, C. Pérez, Pękala, J., Querchfeld, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravignani, D., Akim, J. V. Reginatto, Reininghaus, M., Ridky, J., Riehn, F., Risse, M., Rizi, V., de Carvalho, W. Rodrigues, Rodriguez, E., Rojo, J. Rodriguez, Roncoroni, M. J., Rossoni, S., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Ruehl, P., Saftoiu, A., Saharan, M., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Gomez, J. D. Sanabria, Santos, E. M., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarmento, R., Sato, R., Savina, P., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schimassek, M., Schimp, M., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F. G., Schulte, J., Schulz, T., Schäfer, C. M., Sciutto, S. J., Scornavacche, M., Segreto, A., Sehgal, S., Shivashankara, S. U., Sigl, G., Silli, G., Sima, O., Simkova, K., Simon, F., Smau, R., Šmída, R., Sommers, P., Soriano, J. F., Squartini, R., Stadelmaier, M., Stanič, S., Stasielak, J., Stassi, P., Straub, M., Strähnz, S., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Svozilikova, Z., Szadkowski, Z., Sánchez, F., Tairli, F., Tapia, A., Taricco, C., Timmermans, C., Tkachenko, O., Tobiska, P., Peixoto, C. J. Todero, Tomé, B., Torrès, Z., Travaini, A., Travnicek, P., Trimarelli, C., Tueros, M., Unger, M., Vaclavek, L., Vacula, M., Galicia, J. F. Valdés, Valore, L., Varela, E., Veberič, D., Ventura, C., Quispe, I. D. Vergara, Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Vink, J., Vlastimil, J., Vorobiov, S., Vásquez-Ramírez, A., Watanabe, C., Watson, A. A., Weindl, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczyński, H., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Yue, B., Yushkov, A., Zapparrata, O., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., and Zavrtanik, M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Physics - Optics
Abstract

The wind mission Aeolus of the European Space Agency was a groundbreaking achievement for Earth observation. Between 2018 and 2023, the space-borne lidar instrument ALADIN onboard the Aeolus satellite measured atmospheric wind profiles with global coverage which contributed to improving the accuracy of numerical weather prediction. The precision of the wind observations, however, declined over the course of the mission due to a progressive loss of the atmospheric backscatter signal. The analysis of the root cause was supported by the Pierre Auger Observatory in Argentina whose fluorescence detector registered the ultraviolet laser pulses emitted from the instrument in space, thereby offering an estimation of the laser energy at the exit of the instrument for several days in 2019, 2020 and 2021. The reconstruction of the laser beam not only allowed for an independent assessment of the Aeolus performance, but also helped to improve the accuracy in the determination of the laser beam's ground track on single pulse level. The results presented in this paper set a precedent for the monitoring of space lasers by ground-based telescopes and open new possibilities for the calibration of cosmic-ray observatories., Comment: 10 pages, 10 figures

Published
2023

81. Distortion-Aware Phase Retrieval Receiver for High-Order QAM Transmission with Carrierless Intensity-Only Measurements

Author

Huang, Hanzi, Chen, Haoshuo, Gao, Qi, Huang, Yetian, Fontaine, Nicolas K., Mazur, Mikael, Dallachiesa, Lauren, Ryf, Roland, Li, Zhengxuan, and Song, Yingxiong

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing, Physics - Optics
Abstract

We experimentally investigate transmitting high-order quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signals with carrierless and intensity-only measurements with phase retrieval (PR) receiving techniques. The intensity errors during measurement, including noise and distortions, are found to be a limiting factor for the precise convergence of the PR algorithm. To improve the PR reconstruction accuracy, we propose a distortion-aware PR scheme comprising both training and reconstruction stages. By estimating and emulating the distortion caused by various channel impairments, the proposed scheme enables enhanced agreement between the estimated and measured amplitudes throughout the PR iteration, thus resulting in improved reconstruction performance to support high-order QAM transmission. With the aid of proposed techniques, we experimentally demonstrate 50-GBaud 16QAM and 32QAM signals transmitting through a standard single-mode optical fiber (SSMF) span of 40 and 80 km, and achieve bit error rates (BERs) below the 6.25% hard decision (HD)-forward error correction (FEC) and 25% soft decision (SD)-FEC thresholds for the two modulation formats, respectively. By tuning the pilot symbol ratio and applying concatenated coding, we also demonstrate that a post-FEC data rate of up to 140 Gb/s can be achieved for both distances at an optimal pilot symbol ratio of 20%., Comment: 12 pages, 12 figures

Published
2023
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82. Real-time Optical Network Sensing Control Plane Enabled by a Novel Sub us Response Time Fibre Sensing Control Device

Author

Szczerban, Mijail, Mazur, Mikael, Dallachiesa, Lauren, Mardoyan, Haïk, Bidkar, Sarvesh, Ryf, Roland, and Simsarian, Jesse

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control, Physics - Optics
Abstract

We propose and implement a novel fibre sensing control device and associated sensing control plane that effectively controls backscatter and polarization-based fibre sensing. We experimentally demonstrate in a fibre network that this device and associated control plane can achieve sub-us response time.

Published
2023

83. Supercurrent in the presence of direct transmission and a resonant localized state

Author

Levajac, Vukan, Barakov, Hristo, Mazur, Grzegorz P., van Loo, Nick, Kouwenhoven, Leo P., Nazarov, Yuli V., and Wang, Ji-Yin

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity
Abstract

We study the current-phase relation (CPR) of an InSb-Al nanowire Josephson junction in parallel magnetic fields up to $700$\,mT. At high magnetic fields and in narrow voltage intervals of a gate under the junction, the CPR exhibits $\pi$-shifts. The supercurrent declines within these gate intervals and shows asymmetric gate voltage dependence above and below them. We detect these features sometimes also at zero magnetic field. The observed CPR properties are reproduced by a theoretical model of supercurrent transport via interference between direct transmission and a resonant localized state., Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2201.07848

Published
2023

84. The Pierre Auger Observatory Open Data

Author

The Pierre Auger Collaboration, Halim, A. Abdul, Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Allekotte, I., Cheminant, K. Almeida, Almela, A., Aloisio, R., Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Yebra, J. Ammerman, Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andrada, B., Dourado, L. Andrade, Andringa, S., Apollonio, L., Aramo, C., Ferreira, P. R. Araújo, Arnone, E., Velázquez, J. C. Arteaga, Assis, P., Avila, G., Avocone, E., Bakalova, A., Barbato, F., Mocellin, A. Bartz, Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bertou, X., Bhatta, G., Bianciotto, M., Biermann, P. L., Binet, V., Bismark, K., Bister, T., Biteau, J., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Blümer, J., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Arbeletche, L. Bonneau, Borodai, N., Brack, J., Orchera, P. G. Brichetto, Briechle, F. L., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Büsken, M., Bwembya, A., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Cabana-Freire, S., Caccianiga, L., Campuzano, F., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalani, F., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cerda, M., Čermáková, B., Cermenati, A., Chinellato, J. A., Chudoba, J., Chytka, L., Clay, R. W., Cerutti, A. C. Cobos, Colalillo, R., Conceição, R., Condorelli, A., Consolati, G., Conte, M., Convenga, F., Santos, D. Correia dos, Costa, P. J., Covault, C. E., Cristinziani, M., Sanchez, C. S. Cruz, Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., de Almeida, R. M., de Errico, B., de Jesús, J., de Jong, S. J., Neto, J. R. T. de Mello, De Mitri, I., de Oliveira, J., Franco, D. de Oliveira, de Palma, F., de Souza, V., De Vito, E., Del Popolo, A., Deligny, O., Denner, N., Deval, L., di Matteo, A., Dobre, M., Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J. C., Mendes, L. M. Domingues, Dorosti, Q., Anjos, J. C. dos, Anjos, R. C. dos, Ebr, J., Ellwanger, F., Emam, M., Engel, R., Epicoco, I., Erdmann, M., Etchegoyen, A., Evoli, C., Falcke, H., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fehler, T., Feldbusch, F., Fernandes, A., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filip, P., Filipčič, A., Fitoussi, T., Flaggs, B., Fodran, T., Freitas, M., Fujii, T., Fuster, A., Galea, C., García, B., Gaudu, C., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Glombitza, J., Gobbi, F., Gollan, F., Golup, G., Berisso, M. Gómez, Vitale, P. F. Gómez, Gongora, J. P., González, J. M., González, N., Góra, D., Gorgi, A., Gottowik, M., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Guido, E., Gülzow, L., Hahn, S., Hamal, P., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harvey, V. M., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Hojvat, C., Hörandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Janecek, P., Jilek, V., Jurysek, J., Kampert, K. -H., Keilhauer, B., Khakurdikar, A., Covilakam, V. V. Kizakke, Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Knapp, F., Köhler, J., Krieger, F., Kubatova, M., Kunka, N., Lago, B. L., Langner, N., de Oliveira, M. A. Leigui, Lema-Capeans, Y., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Lopes, L., Lundquist, J. P., Payeras, A. Machado, Mandat, D., Manning, B. C., Mantsch, P., Mariani, F. M., Mariazzi, A. G., Mariş, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martinelli, S., Bravo, O. Martínez, Martins, M. A., Mathes, H. -J., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Mayotte, E., Mayotte, S., Mazur, P. O., Medina-Tanco, G., Meinert, J., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Merx, C., Michal, S., Micheletti, M. I., Miramonti, L., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morejon, L., Mulrey, K., Mussa, R., Namasaka, W. M., Negi, S., Nellen, L., Nguyen, K., Nicora, G., Niechciol, M., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nožka, L., Nucita, A., Núñez, L. A., Oliveira, C., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Panja, S., Parente, G., Paulsen, T., Pawlowsky, J., Pech, M., Pękala, J., Pelayo, R., Pelgrims, V., Pereira, L. A. S., Martins, E. E. Pereira, Bertolli, C. Pérez, Perrone, L., Petrera, S., Petrucci, C., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Platino, M., Pont, B., Pothast, M., Shahvar, M. Pourmohammad, Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Querchfeld, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravignani, D., Akim, J. V. Reginatto, Reuzki, A., Ridky, J., Riehn, F., Risse, M., Rizi, V., Rodriguez, E., Rojo, J. Rodriguez, Roncoroni, M. J., Rossoni, S., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Saftoiu, A., Saharan, M., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Sampathkumar, P., Gomez, J. D. Sanabria, Sánchez, F., Santos, E. M., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarmento, R., Sato, R., Schäfer, C. M., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schimassek, M., Schimp, M., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F. G., Schulte, J., Schulz, T., Sciutto, S. J., Scornavacche, M., Sedoski, A., Segreto, A., Sehgal, S., Shivashankara, S. U., Sigl, G., Simkova, K., Simon, F., Smau, R., Šmída, R., Sommers, P., Squartini, R., Stadelmaier, M., Stanič, S., Stasielak, J., Stassi, P., Strähnz, S., Straub, M., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Svozilikova, Z., Szadkowski, Z., Tairli, F., Tapia, A., Taricco, C., Timmermans, C., Tkachenko, O., Tobiska, P., Peixoto, C. J. Todero, Tomé, B., Torrès, Z., Travaini, A., Travnicek, P., Tueros, M., Unger, M., Uzeiroska, R., Vaclavek, L., Vacula, M., Galicia, J. F. Valdés, Valore, L., Varela, E., Vašíčková, V., Vásquez-Ramírez, A., Veberič, D., Quispe, I. D. Vergara, Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Vink, J., Vorobiov, S., Watanabe, C., Watson, A. A., Weindl, A., Weitz, M., Wiencke, L., Wilczyński, H., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Yue, B., Yushkov, A., Zapparrata, O., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., and Zavrtanik, M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The Pierre Auger Collaboration has embraced the concept of open access to their research data since its foundation, with the aim of giving access to the widest possible community. A gradual process of release began as early as 2007 when 1% of the cosmic-ray data was made public, along with 100% of the space-weather information. In February 2021, a portal was released containing 10% of cosmic-ray data collected from 2004 to 2018, during Phase I of the Observatory. The Portal included detailed documentation about the detection and reconstruction procedures, analysis codes that can be easily used and modified and, additionally, visualization tools. Since then the Portal has been updated and extended. In 2023, a catalog of the 100 highest-energy cosmic-ray events examined in depth has been included. A specific section dedicated to educational use has been developed with the expectation that these data will be explored by a wide and diverse community including professional and citizen-scientists, and used for educational and outreach initiatives. This paper describes the context, the spirit and the technical implementation of the release of data by the largest cosmic-ray detector ever built, and anticipates its future developments., Comment: 18 pages, 8 figures

Published
2023

85. On the statistical correlations of random polarization and electric depolarization fields in ferroelectrics

Author

Genenko, Yuri A., Mazur, Olga Y., and Stefanovich, Leonid I.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

A conceptual problem of the electric-field mediated polarization correlations during a stochastic formation of polarization domain structure in ferroelectrics is addressed by using an exactly solvable stochastic model of polarization development in a uniaxial ferroelectric [Phys. Rev. B 107, 144109 (2023)]. A full set of time-dependent two-point correlation coefficients between all random variables is derived analytically, evaluated numerically and presented graphically in 3D. They are particularly required for the analysis of nonlinear phenomena involving spatial dispersion like optical second harmonic generation and scattering., Comment: 29 pages, 11 figures

Published
2023

86. AugerPrime Surface Detector Electronics

Author

The Pierre Auger Collaboration, Halim, A. Abdul, Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Allekotte, I., Cheminant, K. Almeida, Almela, A., Aloisio, R., Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Yebra, J. Ammerman, Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andrada, B., Andringa, S., Anukriti, Aramo, C., Ferreira, P. R. Araújo, Arnone, E., Velázquez, J. C. Arteaga, Assis, P., Avila, G., Avocone, E., Badescu, A. M., Bakalova, A., Barbato, F., Mocellin, A. Bartz, Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bhatta, G., Bianciotto, M., Biermann, P. L., Binet, V., Bismark, K., Bister, T., Biteau, J., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Blümer, J., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Arbeletche, L. Bonneau, Borodai, N., Brack, J., Orchera, P. G. Brichetto, Briechle, F. L., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Bwembya, A., Büsken, M., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Cabana-Freire, S., Caccianiga, L., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalani, F., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cerda, M., Cermenati, A., Chinellato, J. A., Chudoba, J., Chytka, L., Clay, R. W., Cerutti, A. C. Cobos, Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Coluccia, M. R., Conceição, R., Condorelli, A., Consolati, G., Conte, M., Convenga, F., Santos, D. Correia dos, Costa, P. J., Covault, C. E., Cristinziani, M., Sanchez, C. S. Cruz, Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., de Almeida, R. M., de Jesús, J., de Jong, S. J., Neto, J. R. T. de Mello, De Mitri, I., de Oliveira, J., Franco, D. de Oliveira, de Palma, F., de Souza, V., de Errico, B. P. de Souza, De Vito, E., Del Popolo, A., Deligny, O., Denner, N., Deval, L., di Matteo, A., Dobre, M., Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J. C., Mendes, L. M. Domingues, Anjos, J. C. dos, Anjos, R. C. dos, Ebr, J., Ellwanger, F., Emam, M., Engel, R., Epicoco, I., Erdmann, M., Etchegoyen, A., Evoli, C., Falcke, H., Farmer, J., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Feldbusch, F., Fenu, F., Fernandes, A., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filipčič, A., Fitoussi, T., Flaggs, B., Fodran, T., Fujii, T., Fuster, A., Galea, C., Galelli, C., García, B., Gaudu, C., Gemmeke, H., Gesualdi, F., Gherghel-Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Glombitza, J., Gobbi, F., Gollan, F., Golup, G., Gongora, J. P., González, J. M., González, N., Goos, I., Gorgi, A., Gottowik, M., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Guido, E., Berisso, M. Gómez, Vitale, P. F. Gómez, Góra, D., Hahn, S., Hamal, P., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harvey, V. M., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Hojvat, C., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Hörandel, J. R., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Janecek, P., Johnsen, J. A., Jurysek, J., Kampert, K. H., Keilhauer, B., Khakurdikar, A., Covilakam, V. V. Kizakke, Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Knapp, F., Kunka, N., Lago, B. L., Langner, N., de Oliveira, M. A. Leigui, Lema-Capeans, Y., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Lopes, L., Lu, L., Luce, Q., Lundquist, J. P., Payeras, A. Machado, Majercakova, M., Mandat, D., Manning, B. C., Mantsch, P., Marafico, S., Mariani, F. M., Mariazzi, A. G., Mariş, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martinelli, S., Martins, M. A., Bravo, O. Martínez, Mathes, H. J., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Mayotte, E., Mayotte, S., Mazur, P. O., Medina-Tanco, G., Meinert, J., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Merx, C., Michal, S., Micheletti, M. I., Miramonti, L., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morejon, L., Morello, C., Mulrey, K., Mussa, R., Namasaka, W. M., Negi, S., Nellen, L., Nguyen, K., Nicora, G., Niechciol, M., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nožka, L., Nucita, A., Núñez, L. A., Oliveira, C., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Panja, S., Parente, G., Paulsen, T., Pawlowsky, J., Pech, M., Pelayo, R., Pereira, L. A. S., Martins, E. E. Pereira, Armand, J. Perez, Perrone, L., Petrera, S., Petrucci, C., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Platino, M., Pont, B., Pothast, M., Shahvar, M. Pourmohammad, Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Puyleart, A., Bertolli, C. Pérez, Pękala, J., Querchfeld, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravignani, D., Akim, J. V. Reginatto, Reininghaus, M., Ridky, J., Riehn, F., Risse, M., Rizi, V., de Carvalho, W. Rodrigues, Rodriguez, E., Rojo, J. Rodriguez, Roncoroni, M. J., Rossoni, S., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Ruehl, P., Saftoiu, A., Saharan, M., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Gomez, J. D. Sanabria, Santos, E. M., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarmento, R., Sato, R., Savina, P., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schimassek, M., Schimp, M., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F. G., Schulte, J., Schulz, T., Schäfer, C. M., Sciutto, S. J., Scornavacche, M., Segreto, A., Sehgal, S., Shivashankara, S. U., Sigl, G., Silli, G., Sima, O., Simon, F., Smau, R., Sommers, P., Soriano, J. F., Squartini, R., Stadelmaier, M., Stanič, S., Stasielak, J., Stassi, P., Straub, M., Strähnz, S., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Svozilikova, Z., Szadkowski, Z., Sánchez, F., Tairli, F., Tapia, A., Taricco, C., Timmermans, C., Tkachenko, O., Tobiska, P., Peixoto, C. J. Todero, Tomé, B., Torrès, Z., Travaini, A., Travnicek, P., Trimarelli, C., Tueros, M., Unger, M., Vaclavek, L., Vacula, M., Galicia, J. F. Valdés, Valore, L., Varela, E., Veberič, D., Ventura, C., Quispe, I. D. Vergara, Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Vink, J., Vlastimil, J., Vorobiov, S., Vásquez-Ramírez, A., Watanabe, C., Watson, A. A., Weindl, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczyński, H., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Yue, B., Yushkov, A., Zapparrata, O., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., and Šmída, R.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Operating since 2004, the Pierre Auger Observatory has led to major advances in our understanding of the ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. The latest findings have revealed new insights that led to the upgrade of the Observatory, with the primary goal of obtaining information on the primary mass of the most energetic cosmic rays on a shower-by-shower basis. In the framework of the upgrade, called AugerPrime, the 1660 water-Cherenkov detectors of the surface array are equipped with plastic scintillators and radio antennas, allowing us to enhance the composition sensitivity. To accommodate new detectors and to increase experimental capabilities, the electronics is also upgraded. This includes better timing with up-to-date GPS receivers, higher sampling frequency, increased dynamic range, and more powerful local processing of the data. In this paper, the design characteristics of the new electronics and the enhanced dynamic range will be described. The manufacturing and test processes will be outlined and the test results will be discussed. The calibration of the SD detector and various performance parameters obtained from the analysis of the first commissioning data will also be presented.

Published
2023

87. Algorithm-Based Linearly Graded Compositions of GeSn on GaAs (001) via Molecular Beam Epitaxy

Author

Gunder, Calbi, Alavijeh, Mohammad Zamani, Wangila, Emmanuel, de Oliveira, Fernando Maia, Sheibani, Aida, Kryvyi, Serhii, Attwood, Paul C., Mazur, Yuriy I., Yu, Shui-Qing, and Salamo, Gregory J.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Physics - Applied Physics
Abstract

The growth of high-composition GeSn films of the future will likely be guided via algorithms. In this study we show how a logarithmic-based algorithm can be used to obtain high-quality GeSn compositions up to 16 % on GaAs (001) substrates via molecular beam epitaxy. Within we demonstrate composition targeting and logarithmic gradients to achieve linearly graded pseudomorph Ge1-xSnx compositions up to 10 % before partial relaxation of the structure and a continued gradient up to 16 % GeSn. In this report, we use X-ray diffraction, simulation, SIMS and atomic force microscopy to analyze and demonstrate some of the possible growths that can be produced with the enclosed algorithm. This methodology of growth is a major step forward in the field of GeSn development and the first demonstration of algorithmically driven, linearly graded GeSn films., Comment: Final Version

Published
2023
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88. AutonomROS: A ReconROS-based Autonomous Driving Unit

Author

Lienen, Christian, Brede, Mathis, Karger, Daniel, Koch, Kevin, Logan, Dalisha, Mazur, Janet, Nowosad, Alexander Philipp, Schnelle, Alexander, Waizy, Mohness, and Platzner, Marco

Subjects
Computer Science - Robotics
Abstract

Autonomous driving has become an important research area in recent years, and the corresponding system creates an enormous demand for computations. Heterogeneous computing platforms such as systems-on-chip that combine CPUs with reprogrammable hardware offer both computational performance and flexibility and are thus interesting targets for autonomous driving architectures. The de-facto software architecture standard in robotics, including autonomous driving systems, is ROS 2. ReconROS is a framework for creating robotics applications that extends ROS 2 with the possibility of mapping compute-intense functions to hardware. This paper presents AutonomROS, an autonomous driving unit based on the ReconROS framework. AutonomROS serves as a blueprint for a larger robotics application developed with ReconROS and demonstrates its suitability and extendability. The application integrates the ROS 2 package Navigation 2 with custom-developed software and hardware-accelerated functions for point cloud generation, obstacle detection, and lane detection. In addition, we detail a new communication middleware for shared memory communication between software and hardware functions. We evaluate AutonomROS and show the advantage of hardware acceleration and the new communication middleware for improving turnaround times, achievable frame rates, and, most importantly, reducing CPU load.

Published
2023

89. Facial Dominance in Homo Sapiens as Honest Signaling of Male Quality

Author

Mueller, U. and Mazur, A.

Subjects
Psychology: Social Psychology, Social Psychology
Abstract

For a cohort of military officers, graduates of the class of 1950 of the United States Military Academy at West Point, dominant facial appearance was a cosnistent and important predictor of rank attainment at the academy and - for those who graduated from staff college - for high final rank. For men performing below the average, however, dominant facial appearance was a handicap for promotion. High rank came with high fitness. Thus, facial dominance can be an evolutionarily stable honest signal of dominant behavior, a crucial dimension of the potential for high stastus in a male dominance hierarchy. These findings may apply also to civilian populations.

Published
1998

92. The membrane curvature-inducing REEP1-4 proteins generate an ER-derived vesicular compartment

Author

Yoko Shibata, Emily E. Mazur, Buyan Pan, Joao A. Paulo, Steven P. Gygi, Suyog Chavan, L. Sebastian Alexis Valerio, Jiuchun Zhang, and Tom A. Rapoport

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is shaped by abundant membrane curvature-generating proteins that include the REEP family member REEP5. The REEP1 subfamily, consisting of four proteins in mammals (REEP1-4), is less abundant and lack a N-terminal region. Mutations in REEP1 and REEP2 cause Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia, but the function of these four REEP proteins remains enigmatic. Here we show that REEP1-4 reside in a unique vesicular compartment and identify features that determine their localization. Mutations in REEP1-4 that compromise curvature generation, including those causing disease, relocalize the proteins to the bulk ER. These mutants interact with wild-type proteins to retain them in the ER, consistent with their autosomal-dominant disease inheritance. REEP1 vesicles contain the membrane fusogen atlastin-1, but not general ER proteins. We propose that REEP1-4 generate these vesicles themselves by budding from the ER, and that they cycle back to the ER by atlastin-mediated fusion. The vesicles may serve to regulate ER tubule dynamics.

Published
2024
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93. Portable spectrometer-based cold stress detection in C3 and C4 plants

Author

Maja Mazur, Vlatko Galić, Antun Jambrović, Aleksandra Sudarić, Tomislav Duvnjak, and Maja Matoša-Kočar

Subjects
spectral reflectance indices, photochemical reflectance index, maize, soybean, Agriculture
Abstract

Plant stress detection is crucial for enhancing crop yield, particularly in the face of climate change. Cold stress significantly affects photosynthetic activity and pigment composition in soybean (a C3 plant) and maize (a C4 plant), underscoring the need to identify stress signals before irreversible damage occurs. This study used portable spectrometers to non-destructively detect the early signs of cold stress-related processes in these crops. The spectral reflectance indices were measured to identify crop-specific stress responses. According to the results, pigment-based indices have better potential for crop-specific stress detection than general stress response indices. The normalized phaeophytinization index (NPQI) and normalized pigment chlorophyll index (NPCI) exhibited diverse responses in C4 maize compared to C3 soybean, indicating the potential for discerning stress-induced changes in chlorophyll and other pigment contents. The photochemical reflectance index (PRI), modified to specific wavelengths, emerged as a crucial tool for stress detection in both crops, showing strong correlations with photosynthetic parameters and biomass traits. Specifically, the strongest correlation was found between PRI(525, 570) and fresh mass in maize and PRI(555, 570) and fresh mass in soybean. This approach underscores the importance of advanced spectral techniques in understanding and improving crop responses to cold stress, highlighting their potential for precision agriculture.

Published
2024
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94. C3 and C4 photosynthetic performance in cold stress

Author

Maja Matoša Kočar, Aleksandra Sudarić, Tomislav Duvnjak, Andrija Brkić, Lovro Vukadinović, and Maja Mazur

Subjects
pitotal, photosynthesis, soybean, maize, climate change, Agriculture
Abstract

Early sowing to avoid summer stresses poses a significant risk of cold stress for warm-season crops such as soybean and maize in Croatia. To address the aforementioned issues, a study was conducted to investigate the effects of low-temperature treatment on early growth of soybean (C3) and maize (C4), highlighting the differences in photosynthetic responses and biomass changes. The findings revealed a significant low-temperature effect on the minimum fluorescence (F0), the maximum fluorescence (Fm) and the maximum quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm), with notable distinctions between C3 and C4 photosynthesis. Low temperatures had the most pronounced effect on the average performance index of overall photochemistry (PItotal). The PItotal of C4 maize was 41.5%, 34.4% and 42.9% higher than the PItotal of C3 soybean at the first (D1), second (D2) and third (D3) measurements under optimal environmental conditions. The difference increased to 140.3%, 104.8% and 52% in D1, D2 and D3 of the imposed low-temperature treatment, respectively. Maize exhibited greater PSII damage at low temperatures, indicating a weaker coping and repair mechanism compared to soybean. Soybean demonstrated a better adaptive response by reducing overall photosynthetic efficiency. The better adaptation to low temperatures in soybean compared to maize was evidenced by a lower loss of water tissue and dry matter.

Published
2024
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95. Discrimination of ULF signals from an underground seismogenic current

Author

V. A. Pilipenko, N. G. Mazur, and E. N. Fedorov

Subjects
Earthquake electromagnetic precursors, ULF emissions, Underground source, Seismo-electromagnetic effects, Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, Geodesy, QB275-343, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

Abstract A numerical model has been elaborated to calculate ULF electromagnetic fields in the ground-atmosphere–ionosphere system created by an underground horizontal current source of a finite length. The modeling has enabled us to examine in detail characteristic features of ULF response to an underground large-scale emitter that may be used for a search of electromagnetic earthquake precursors. The most promising features that might discriminate signals from an underground source and from a magnetosphere-ionosphere source are (a) the apparent impedance of the electromagnetic field derived from simultaneous observations of horizontal magnetic and electric fields, and (b) the ratio of vertical and horizontal magnetic component amplitudes. Besides that, the amplitude-phase gradients of signals from an underground source differ significantly from those of the magnetospheric source. For the same magnitude of horizontal magnetic disturbance on surface, an underground current source produces in a borehole a much larger vertical electric field E z than a magnetospheric source does. At the same time, some properties, such as the ratio between the vertical and horizontal electric components, are shown to be ineffective. However, all these differences with ionosphere-magnetosphere source reveal themselves only in a vicinity of lithospheric source (

Published
2024
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96. Robust poor man’s Majorana zero modes using Yu-Shiba-Rusinov states

Author

Francesco Zatelli, David van Driel, Di Xu, Guanzhong Wang, Chun-Xiao Liu, Alberto Bordin, Bart Roovers, Grzegorz P. Mazur, Nick van Loo, Jan C. Wolff, A. Mert Bozkurt, Ghada Badawy, Sasa Gazibegovic, Erik P. A. M. Bakkers, Michael Wimmer, Leo P. Kouwenhoven, and Tom Dvir

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract Kitaev chains in quantum dot-superconductor arrays are a promising platform for the realization of topological superconductivity. As recently demonstrated, even a two-site chain can host Majorana zero modes known as “poor man’s Majorana”. Harnessing the potential of these states for quantum information processing, however, requires increasing their robustness to external perturbations. Here, we form a two-site Kitaev chain using Yu-Shiba-Rusinov states in proximitized quantum dots. By deterministically tuning the hybridization between the quantum dots and the superconductor, we observe poor man’s Majorana states with a gap larger than 70 μeV. The sensitivity to charge fluctuations is also greatly reduced compared to Kitaev chains made with non-proximitized dots. The systematic control and improved energy scales of poor man’s Majorana states realized with Yu-Shiba-Rusinov states will benefit the realization of longer Kitaev chains, parity qubits, and the demonstration of non-Abelian physics.

Published
2024
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97. Physicochemical characterization and potential cancer therapy applications of hydrogel beads loaded with doxorubicin and GaOOH nanoparticles

Author

Aleksandra Żmuda, Weronika Kamińska, Marta Bartel, Karolina Głowacka, Maciej Chotkowski, Katarzyna Medyńska, Katarzyna Wiktorska, and Maciej Mazur

Subjects
Hydrogel polymer particles, Doxorubicin, GaOOH nanoparticles, Cancer therapy, Ga-68 radioisotope, Positron emission tomography (PET), Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract A new type of hybrid polymer particles capable of carrying the cytostatic drug doxorubicin and labeled with a gallium compound was prepared. These microparticles consist of a core and a hydrogel shell, which serves as the structural matrix. The shell can be employed to immobilize gallium oxide hydroxide (GaOOH) nanoparticles and the drug, resulting in hybrid beads with sizes of approximately 3.81 ± 0.09 μm. The microparticles exhibit the ability to incorporate a remarkably large amount of doxorubicin, approximately 0.96 mg per 1 mg of the polymeric carrier. Additionally, GaOOH nanoparticles can be deposited within the hydrogel layer at an amount of 0.64 mg per 1 mg of the carrier. These nanoparticles, resembling rice grains with an average size of 593 nm by 155 nm, are located on the surface of the polymer carrier. In vitro studies on breast and colon cancer cell lines revealed a pronounced cytotoxic effect of the hybrid polymer particles loaded with doxorubicin, indicating their potential for cancer therapies. Furthermore, investigations on doping the hybrid particles with the Ga-68 radioisotope demonstrated their potential application in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. The proposed structures present a promising theranostic platform, where particles could be employed in anticancer therapies while monitoring their accumulation in the body using PET.

Published
2024
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98. Changes in bioenergetic characteristics of the murine lymphoma cells under the action of a thiazole derivative in complex with polymeric nanoparticles

Author

Yaryna Shalai, Marta Ilkiv, Anna Salamovska, Halyna Mazur, Bohdan Manko, Yurii Ostapiuk, Nataliya Mitina, Oleksandr Zaichenko, and Andriy Babsky

Subjects
thiazole derivative, polymeric nanocarrier, cell respiration, mitochondrial membrane potential, lymphoma, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Background. Mitochondria can influence cancer cells both indirectly via reactive oxygen species mediation and directly through mitochondrial biogenesis. Energy production in mitochondria is crucial as it facilitates the synthesis of essential molecules needed for cellular biosynthesis, growth, and proliferation. The development of new anticancer drugs that target the energy metabolism of tumor cells shows promise in cancer treatment. Our study aimed to investigate how the thiazole derivative N-(5-benzyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-3,5-dimethyl-1-benzofuran-2-carboxamide (BF1), the polymeric nanoparticles based on the polyethylene glycol (PEG-PN, Th5), and their complex with BF1 (Th6) affect respiration and mitochondrial membrane potential in murine NK/Ly tumor cells. Materials and Methods. The study was performed on white wild-type male mice with grafted NK/Ly lymphoma. The test substances were added to the cell suspension at a final concentration of 10 μM and incubated for 15 min at 37 °C. Oxygen uptake rates in NK/Ly cells were measured using a polarographic method with Clark electrode. Changes in mitochondrial membrane potential were assessed using the tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester fluorescence dye. The fluorescence intensity was evaluated using the ImageJ computer program. Results. After incubating NK/Ly cells with BF1 (10 µM), Th5, or the BF1 + PEG-PN complex (Th6) for 15 min, no changes were observed in glucose-fueled basal respiration. However, the Th6 complex significantly activated FCCP-stimulated respiratory processes in NK/Ly lymphoma cells. Fluorescent microscopy data indicated that BF1 or Th5 alone did not affect mitochondrial membrane potential values. However, the Th6 complex significantly decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, suggesting a reduction in NK/Ly cell viability. Conclusions The investigated complex of thiazole derivative BF1 with PEG-based polymeric nanoparticles may realize its cytotoxic effect by depolarization of mitochondrial membrane in NK/Ly lymphoma cells.

Published
2024
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99. Accumulation of Chemical Elements in the Vegetative Mass of Energy Cultures Grown on Gray Forest Soils in the Western Forest Steppe of Ukraine

Author

Serhii Fedorovich Razanov, Oleksii Alieksieiev, Oleh Bakhmat, Mykola Bakhmat, Olha Lytvyn, Olha Alieksieievа, Oksana Vradii, Kateryna Mazur, Alla Razanova, and Iryna Mazurak

Subjects
heavy metals, gray forest soil, vegetative mass, miscanthus, silphium perfoliatum l, sida hermaphrodita (l.) rusby, Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, TD1-1066, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

Today, energy crops that are undemanding to soil fertility are increasingly used for the production of biofuel, electricity, and heat. Favorable climate, large areas of agricultural lands of Ukraine create the necessary conditions for growing the most popular energy crops, which will be able to supply the domestic market, as well as export. The article is aimed at studying the accumulation of chemical elements Phosphorus (Р), Potassium (К), Copper (Сu), Zinc (Zn), Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb) in the vegetative mass of Miscanthus, Silphium perfoliatum L. and Sida hermaphrodita (L.) Rusby for their cultivation in the conditions of the Western Forest Steppe of Ukraine on gray forest soils. The article presents the results of own field and laboratory research.

Published
2024
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100. NEUROTOXIC RISK AND ADSORPTION PROPERTIES OF COARSE NON-FUNCTIONALIZED CARBON PARTICLES DERIVED FROM APPLE WASTE

Author

N. V. Krisanova 1, O. O. Pariiska 2, N. G. Pozdnyakova 1, M. V. Dudarenko 1, A. A. Borysov 1, R. V. Sivko 1, Y. I. Ku, O. O. Pariiska, N. G. Pozdnyakova, M. V. Dudarenko, A. A. Borysov, R. V. Sivko, Y. I. Kurys, D. O. Mazur, A. V. Terebilenko, V. G. Koshechko, S. V. Kolotilov, and T. A. Borisova

Subjects
coarse non-functionalized carbon particles, apple, rhodamine, adsorption, neurotoxicity risk, glutamate, gaba, brain nerve terminals., Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65
Abstract

Aim. Carbon particles have been widely used in different technologies and have great potential for new biological application. Synthesis of carbon particles from agricultural waste using “green” principles is in the mainstream of biotechnology area and attract a great attention in biomedical application. Here, coarse carbon particles (CCPs) were synthesized using “green” principles from dry apple and used in the biological experiments without preliminary functionalization. Methods. Neurotoxic features of CCPs were analysed in isolated presynaptic cortex nerve terminals (synaptosomes) monitoring the extracellular levels of excitatory neurotransmitter L-[14C] glutamate and inhibitory one [3H]GABA, as well as the membrane potential. Results. Measuring the membrane potential of the nerve terminals, it was revealed an inadequate decrease in the fluorescence intensity of the potential-dependent dye rhodamine 6G in the presence of CCPs (1 mg/ml). This decrease was not due to membrane hyperpolarisation because CCPs did not change the extracellular synaptosomal levels of L-[14C] glutamate and [3H]GABA. CCP-induced decrease in the fluorescence intensity of the dye in nerve terminals can be due to its interaction with CCPs. Indeed, the ability of CCPs to interact with rhodamine 6G was shown in synaptosome-free incubation media. Conclusions. Therefore, CCPs did not possess neurotoxic signs, and so are biocompatible. In both experiments, i.e. without bio object and in biological system, CCPs were able to interact with fluorescent dye rhodamine 6G. In prospect, this feature of CCPs can be used in biotechnology after further investigation of dye interaction conditions.

Published
2024
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