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Bimbingan teknologi (BIMTEK) pembuatan ekstrak jus Vitamin-C konsentrasi tinggi telah dilakukan kepada masyarakat petani jeruk Konda. Kegiatan BIMTEK diharapkan memberi solusi alternatif terhadap permasalahan over production buah jeruk. Dimana, permasalahan over production buah jeruk tidak hanya mendatangkan keuntungan bagi petani, namun kondisi ini dapat menyebabkan keuntungan petani menjadi tidak optimal bahkan petani dapat mengalami kerugian. Tahapan metode yang dilakukan pada kegiatan BIMTEK meliputi sosialisasi kegiatan, pengenalan teknik dan peralatan sederhana, pembinaan produksi ekstrak jus Vitamin-C berbasis teknologi low pressure, dan focus group discussion (FGD). Luaran yang dihasilkan dari kegiatan BIMTEK yaitu Modul panduan pembuatan dan produk ekstrak jus Vitamin-C. Luaran ini diharapkan dapat dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat petani jeruk konda untuk mengatasi permasalahan over production buah jeruk. Sehingga masyarakat petani dalam meningkatkan pendapatan ekonomi dimasa panen buah jeruk.

Bahan anti jamur busuk buah kakao berbasis suspensi TiO2 telah disosialisasikan dan diaplikasikan pada lahan perkebunan kakao Kelompok Tani Mekohia, desa Lebo Jaya-Konawe Selatan. Sosialisasi dan aplikasi bahan anti jamur dilakukan melalui program pengabdian berbasis masyarakat. Pemilihan kelompok tani Mekohia sebagai mitra didasarkan pada fakta bahwa kelompok ini mengalami kesulitan dalam penanganan penyakit busuk buah kakao. Selain melakukan pembinaan berupa bimbingan teknologi, kegiatan ini juga bertujuan mengenalkan dan menerapkan sebuah produk teknologi baru dalam pencegahan dan penanganan penyakit busuk buah kakao yang disebabkan oleh jamur Phytopthora palmivora (P. palmivora). Metode kegiatan terdiri dari tiga tahapan penting, meliputi (i) focus group discussion (FGD), (ii) tahap pembimbingan teknis pembuatan suspensi TiO2 dan cara penggunaannya, dan (iii) penguatan konsep pengendalian hama dan penyakit tanaman kakao. Kegiatan ini menghasilkan produk bahan anti jamur busuk buah kakao berbasis suspensi TiO2 yang diaplikasikan secara langsung pada lahan perkebunan kakao mitra. Luaran lainnya berupa kemampuan kelompok tani Mekohia dalam penyiapan suspensi TiO2 secara mandiri. Indikator keberhasilan kegiatan diamati dari tingkat keseriusan mitra dalam berdialog dan kemampuan mitra dalam menerapkan suspensi TiO2. Akhir kegiatan ini menghasilkan Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) antara tim pengabdi dengan mitra Mekohia tentang penggunaan bahan anti jamur suspensi TiO2 secara berkala.

We investigated methylene blue adsorption capacity and photodegradation removal efficiency using an S-TiO2@clay composite by irradiating a commercial Tungsten halogen lamp in a reactor. The same experimental conditions were applied to clay and pristine TiO2 as a reference. Morphology surface area, chemical bonding, and optical properties of those samples were characterized by using FESEM, FTIR and UV-Vis DRS tehcniques. The S-TiO2@clay composites showed a high surface area and an even pore distribution compared to natural clays and pristine TiO2. The results indicate that the composite was successfully pillared on natural clay. These results exhibit that S-TiO2 composite pillared natural clay (S-TiO2@clay) presented better results in the methylene blue dye adsorption-photodegradation process, with an adsorption efficiency of 93.87% and degradation efficiency of 94.94%. In tests performed in the absence of natural clay, the degradation efficiency of 88.46%, while tests performed in the natural clay only obtained an adsorption efficiency of 86.41%. These results evidence that the combination methods of adsorption-photodegradation are very efficient in removing methylene blue dye.

The manufacture of titanium dioxide (TiO2) electrodes is made by anodizing method and coated with ilmenite (FeTiO3) through a dip-coating technique. The ilmenite (FeTiO3) coated TiO2/Ti plate electrode was developed for the degradation of the reactive blue 160 dye under photoelectrocatalytic UV and Visible light irradiation. The performance of FeTiO3-TiO2 / Ti composites degrades reactive blue 160 under UV irradiation and is visible photoelectrocatalytically compared to TiO2. The results of XRD characterization of TiO2 crystals in the form of anatase at 2θ, namely 35.1 ° (110), and the substitution of Fe dopant on TiO2 in the form of anatase and rutile crystals. FTIR data indicated the presence of Fe-O bonds at wave numbers

Research on the transformation of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB) through pretreatment process using ionic liquid triethylammonium hydrogen sulphate (IL [TEA][HSO4]) was completed. The stages of the transformation process carried out were the synthesis of IL with the one-spot method, optimization of IL composition and pretreatment temperature, and IL recovery. The success of the IL synthesis stage was analyzed by FTIR, H-NMR and TGA. Based on the results obtained, it showed that IL [TEA][HSO4] was successfully synthesized. This was indicated by the presence of IR absorption at 1/λ = 2814.97 cm−1, 1401.07 cm−1, 1233.30 cm−1 and 847.92 cm−1 which were functional groups for NH, CH3, CN and SO2, respectively. These results were supported by H-NMR data at δ (ppm) = 1.217–1.236 (N–CH2–CH3), 3.005–3.023 (–H), 3.427–3.445 (N–H+) and 3.867 (N+H3). The TGA results showed that the melting point and decomposition temperature of the IL were 49 °C and 274.3 °C, respectively. Based on pretreatment optimization, it showed that the best IL composition for cellulose production was 85 wt%. Meanwhile, temperature optimization showed that the best temperature was 120 °C. In these two optimum conditions, the cellulose content was obtained at 45.84 wt%. Testing of IL [TEA][HSO4] recovery performance for reuse has shown promising results. During the pretreatment process, IL [TEA][HSO4] recovery effectively increased the cellulose content of OPEFB to 29.13 wt% and decreased the lignin content to 32.57%. The success of the recovery process is indicated by the increasing density properties of IL [TEA][HSO4]. This increase occurs when using a temperature of 80–100 °C. The overall conditions obtained from this work suggest that IL [TEA][HSO4] was effective during the transformation process of OPEFB into cellulose. This shows the potential of IL [TEA][HSO4] in the future in the renewable energy sector.

This study reports the preparation and performance of a smart material—a carbon paste electrode combined with TiO2 semiconductor (CPE/TiO2) as electrochemical sensor for detecting profenofos—a toxic organophosphates group insecticide widely used in agriculture. Such techniques as real samples tests and electrochemical tests were used to investigate the following parameters: a scan rate, an electrode response, a limit of detection (LoD), and repeatability. Based on the obtained results, the best mass composition of TiO2 combined with CPE was found to be in a ratio of 1 : 1 : 5, with an anodic peak current (Ipa) of 150 μA, an anodic peak potential (Epa) of 0.87 V, and an optimal scan rate measurement of 0.5 V s–1. The LoD based on a linearity curve with a value of 4.0 × 10–5 μM was also observed, and a repeatability test against the working electrode was performed until the 30th day, using the Horwitz ratio of 0.16. A good electrochemical performance of the working electrode tested against a real sample showed the specifically detected profenofos with Ipa value of 7.0 × 10–5 μM.

In this study, a composite material based on Ni–TiO2 Pillared Clay-Montmorillonite (Ni–TiO2/CMMT) was synthesized using the sol–gel method at room temperature and studied its photocatalytic performance under visible light irradiation for dye removal of Orange Reactive 84 (RO 84). The photocatalytic parameters studied were the effect of pH, contact time, mass of composite and the amount of Ni–TiO2/CMMT. SEM–EDS analysis showed that the composite surface consisted of aggregates with a small particle size of about 0.28 µm. Other results showed that the main chemical elements of the composite are Si, Al, O, C, Na, Ni and Ti. This was confirmed by the results of FTIR analysis which showed specific absorption for the Si–O–Si, Si–O–Al, Al–OH, Ti–O and Ni–O groups. Another characteristic of the compositing components was the band gap value of 2.91 eV which can be active in visible light irradiation. Based on the photocatalyst performance test, the composite significantly reduced the amount of RO 84 dye. The optimum pH obtained in this test was acidic (pH 5), with a color change efficiency of 63.66% for a contact time of 45 min.

The objective of this study was to obtain optimization results from the biological hydrolysis of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB) using Aspergillus niger (A. niger) BIOTROP 2173 isolated from grain. Optimized hydrolysis parameters include temperature, pH and time. The hydrolysis process was carried out by growing A. niger on OPEFB powder (± 30 mesh) through two schemes, namely hydrolysis on OPEFB pretreatment with 10% NaOH and hydrolysis on OPEFB non-pretreatment. The optimization results show that the best hydrolysis process of A. niger BIOTROP 2173 occurs in OPEFB pretreatment. The optimum conditions for temperature, pH and time obtained are 40°C, 6 and 24 hours, respectively. Although the amount of reducing sugar produced was lower than the OPEFB non-pretreatment, the performance of the cellulase enzyme during the hydrolysis process of OPEFB pretreatment was very good, with a fast hydrolysis rate. These results indicate that the performance of A. niger BIOTROP 2173 in the hydrolysis process is influenced by the pretreatment stage. The optimum conditions obtained then became a reference in the production of reducing sugar based on A. niger BIOTROP 2173. The amount of reducing sugar produced from OPEFB pretreatment was 0.94 mg.mL-1, while for OPEFB non-pretreatment was 15.83 mg.mL-1.

Many studies have explored the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass based on oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) which is categorized as potential biomass waste for bioethanol production. Before proceeding further to obtain bioethanol, several steps such as pretreatment to increase organic constituents are needed. The ionic liquids (ILs) were commonly investigated by many researchers for lignocellulosic pretreatment because it is easy solubilization property, non-toxic, and not harmful impacts on the environment. Therefore in this study, the hypothesis and main objective were to observe the effectiveness of triethylammonium methanesulfonate ion liquid (TMS IL) in the OPEFB lignocellulose pretreatment process. Three variations were studied to obtain optimization of the pretreatment process, such as times duration, IL composition, and temperature. Based on these results, we observed the effectiveness of the time duration for OPEFB pretreatment of 20 hours. Furthermore, it was applied to determine the optimization of IL composition and temperature showing that using 91% (1:1:10) at 120°C for 20 hours has provided good performance for the OPEFB lignocellulose pretreatment process. TMS IL has exhibited the ability to reduce hemicellulose and lignin contents to 7.35% and 17.80%, whereas cellulose was increased by 54.24%. This has the opportunity to be projected to a larger scale for bioethanol production based on OPEFB lignocellulose.

Electrochemical processes are an effective method for detecting dangerous food ingredients. The synergistic between the reduction-oxidation (redox) processes inspired several papers and spurred research towards studying the new materials that can further adapt to optimize the rapid detection of chemical compounds. In this study, we report the eco-synthesis using graphene/TiO

The new composite material Al(III)-TiO2 has been synthesized and applied as a modifier of graphene paste electrode for the determination of fipronil pesticide by cyclic voltammetry. The methods were to synthesis of Aluminum-Titanium dioxide (AT), preparation of graphene paste electrode with mass varied Al(III)-TiO2 (GAT) (0.05 g, 0.1 g, 0.2 g), and fipronil electroanalytic respons. Addition of Al(III)-TiO2 to the graphene paste electrode shows redox properties which are well characterized by a fast electron transfer process. Based on the results of measurements in a solution containing fipronil, it is known that fipronil is oxidized at a potential value of 0.26 V. Furthermore, the fipronil oxidation process on the GAT surface is influenced by diffusion control, this is powered by R2 value 0.91 when plotted between peak oxidation currents (Ip­a) vs. root scan rate. Other results show that measurement linearity is in the range 0.01 to 0.09 µg/L with a limit of detection (LOD) value of 0.0164 μg/L. Moreover, GAT shows good stability in the determination of fipronil with% RSD equal to 5%.

In the present work, the potential of nickel slag waste (NSW) was performed as a modifier of graphene-TiO2 material for sensing phenolic compound under an electrochemical system. It was provided to produce variations of mineral components to improve electrochemical sensing in its application for a sensor device. Preparation of composite material (slag-graphene-TiO2) was prepared through solid-state reaction by mixing of NSW, graphene, and TiO2 anatase crystal. Based on these results, we discover the composition of NSW with various mineral contents and produced anatase TiO2 crystal prepared via thermal method at 500 °C for 3 h. Subsequently, the slag-G-TiO2 composite has been homogeneous and characterized using SEM–EDX shows the microstructure formed with the variation of elements content. Moreover, the electrochemical test for sensing phenol compound exhibits the exceptionally sensitivity towards phenol detection in electrolyte solution by the limit of detection (LoD) is 0.0367 ppm and % RSD value of 0.016%. The electrode also produce excellent stability properties by repeatability of 1 to 21 times and the average of oxidation current at 183.57 µA. Finally, we test with a real sample to obtain the ability of phenol detection.

Exploration of the natural product as pharmaceutical drug widely discover continuously for human life. The unique chemical compounds have been explored from bark stem of Melochia Umbellata (Houtt) Stapf var. degrabrata K. (M. umbellata) which is obtained from South Sulawesi, Indonesia. We discovered two group compounds isolated namely stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-β-ol (1) and stigmasta-5,22-dien-on (2), from n-hexane and chloroform extracts. The chemical structure of compounds 1 and 2 were identified based on IR spectroscopic, 1H NMR and 13C NMR and compared spectra data with data of compounds by other researchers. Compounds 1 and 2 are evaluated of their toxicity activity against shrimp larvae (Artemia salina) shows that the compound 1 shows weak toxicity activities against Artemia salina with LC50 value of 548.48 μg/mL, meanwhile the compound 2 exhibits a high inhibitory by LC50 value of 410.81 μg/mL. Based on this study, we suggest that the compound 2 has good bioactivity compared with compound 1.