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Resumen del trabajo presentado al 13th Congress of the International Society of Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics (ISNN), celebrado en Cambridge (UK) del 12 al 13 de julio de 2019., [Introduction]: The role of flavanols in terms of gene regulation in various cell models relevant to cardiometabolic disease has never been systematically addressed. Therefore, we conducted a systematic literature search and comprehensive bioinformatic analysis of the genes which expression has been reported as affected by flavanols in the cells defining the cardiometabolic health (hepatocytes, adipocytes, endothelial, smooth muscle and immune cells), to decipher molecular mechanisms of action underlying their cardiometabolic health properties. [Methods]: Literature search was performed in PubMed and Web of Science using pre-defined criteria (pure compounds and metabolites, no extracts, physiologically relevant concentrations). Identified differentially expressed genes were analyzed by several bioinformatic tools including: MetaCore, GeneTrail2 (for access to KEGG and BioCarta databases), Metascape and OmicsNet. [Results]: Analysis of extracted data from the literature identified 54 differentially expressed genes at mRNA level. Gene network analysis revealed that these genes are involved in inflammation, immune response, cell adhesion, apoptosis and cell signaling. Deeper analysis of their functional roles revealed the pathways such as TNF signaling pathway, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, Leukocyte transendothelial migration and Cell adhesion molecules. Studied cell types respond differently on the flavanol exposure, but inflammatory response is a common mechanism. Transcriptional factors, such as PPARG, NFKB1, CREB1 or STAT3, and miRNAs such as mir-335-5p, mir-16-5p, mir-124-3p or mir-26b-5p have been identified as regulators of gene expression by flavanols. [Conclusions]: The results of this systematic analysis of nutrigenomic effects of flavanols will support the future setup of nutrigenetic studies to pave the way for individualized dietary recommendations.

Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses support the benefits of flavanols on cardiometabolic health, but the factors affecting variability in the responses to these compounds have not been properly assessed. The objectives of this meta-analysis were to systematically collect the RCTs-based-evidence of the effects of flavanol-containing tea, cocoa and apple products on selected biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk and to explore the influence of various factors on the variability in the responses to the consumption of these products. A total of 120 RCTs were selected. Despite a high heterogeneity, the intake of the flavanol-containing products was associated using a random model with changes (reported as standardized difference in means (SDM)) in body mass index (−0.15, p < 0.001), waist circumference (−0.29, p < 0.001), total-cholesterol (−0.21, p < 0.001), LDL-cholesterol (−0.23, p < 0.001), and triacylglycerides (−0.11, p = 0.027), and with an increase of HDL-cholesterol (0.15, p = 0.005). Through subgroup analyses, we showed the influence of baseline-BMI, sex, source/form of administration, medication and country of investigation on some of the outcome measures and suggest that flavanols may be more effective in specific subgroups such as those with a BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2, non-medicated individuals or by specifically using tea products. This meta-analysis provides the first robust evidence of the effects induced by the consumption of flavanol-containing tea, cocoa and apple products on weight and lipid biomarkers and shows the influence of various factors that can affect their bioefficacy in humans. Of note, some of these effects are quantitatively comparable to those produced by drugs, life-style changes or other natural products. Further, RCTs in well-characterized populations are required to fully comprehend the factors affecting inter-individual responses to flavanol and thereby improve flavanols efficacy in the prevention of cardiometabolic disorders.

Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses support the benefits of flavanols on cardiometabolic health, but the factors affecting variability in the responses to these compounds have not been properly assessed. The objectives of this meta-analysis were to systematically collect the RCTs-based-evidence of the effects of flavanol-containing tea, cocoa and apple products on selected biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk and to explore the influence of various factors on the variability in the responses to the consumption of these products. A total of 120 RCTs were selected. Despite a high heterogeneity, the intake of the flavanol-containing products was associated using a random model with changes (reported as standardized difference in means (SDM)) in body mass index (−0.15, p < 0.001), waist circumference (−0.29, p < 0.001), total-cholesterol (−0.21, p < 0.001), LDL-cholesterol (−0.23, p < 0.001), and triacylglycerides (−0.11, p = 0.027), and with an increase of HDL-cholesterol (0.15, p = 0.005). Through subgroup analyses, we showed the influence of baseline-BMI, sex, source/form of administration, medication and country of investigation on some of the outcome measures and suggest that flavanols may be more effective in specific subgroups such as those with a BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2, non-medicated individuals or by specifically using tea products. This meta-analysis provides the first robust evidence of the effects induced by the consumption of flavanol-containing tea, cocoa and apple products on weight and lipid biomarkers and shows the influence of various factors that can affect their bioefficacy in humans. Of note, some of these effects are quantitatively comparable to those produced by drugs, life-style changes or other natural products. Further, RCTs in well-characterized populations are required to fully comprehend the factors affecting inter-individual responses to flavanol and thereby improve flavanols efficacy in the prevention of cardiometabolic disorders info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Objective Ionizing radiation has been shown to impact and possibly alter the normal structure and function of living cells and is dangerous for human health, especially when exposure occurs early in life. Additionally, radiation can interact with other dangerous substances in the same environment, such as phthalates. Phthalates are a group of multifunctional molecules used in a wide range of consumer products, as plasticizers to impart flexibility, durability and strength to otherwise rigid polyvinyl chloride. They are not chemically bound to polyvinyl chloride, and thus migrate into the environment with time and use, becoming ubiquitous environmental contaminants. Conclusion There is a growing concern about the effect that exposure to ionizing radiation and phthalates can have on human health, and the biological effects of this cumulative exposure are particularly troubling in infants due to children's inherent sensitivity. Pediatric patients are exposed to numerous plastic medical devices and often require multiple radiologic examinations for their complex medical conditions. Risk assessment requires a more complete evaluation of the effects of simultaneous and cumulative exposure, especially in high-risk patients.

Antioxidant phytochemicals, including the polyphenols from olive oil oleuropein (OE) and hydroxytyrosol (HT), and red wine antioxidant resveratrol (RSV) and quercetin (Q), are associated with low prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Angiogenesis is a key process both in cancer and atherosclerosis, and is tightly regulated by molecular mediators including reactive oxygen species (ROS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). We studied the effects of olive oil and red wine antioxidants on the angiogenic potential in an in vitro model of angiogenesis, and explored underlying mechanisms.

There is growing evidence that male as well as female reproductive function has been declining in human and wildlife populations over the last 40 years. Several factors such as lifestyle or environmental xenobiotics other than genetic factors may play a role in determining adverse effects on reproductive health. Among the environmental xenobiotics phthalates, a family of man-made pollutants are suspected to interfere with the function of the endocrine system and therefore to be endocrine disruptors. The definition of endocrine disruption is today extended to broader endocrine regulations, and includes activation of metabolic sensors, such as the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). Toxicological studies have shown that phthalates can activate a subset of PPARs. Here, we analyze the epidemiological and experimental evidence linking phthalate exposure to both PPAR activation and adverse effects on male and female reproductive health.