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Introduction: Anatomy studies on cadavers have allowed a better understanding of the structures of the face and, consequently, greater safety when exploring the deep planes of the facial region. A good technique must be safe, reproducible, and respect anatomical points. The objective of this work is to demystify the deep plane facelifting technique through the dissection of cadavers and exposure of facial structures. Method: The reproduction of the “deep plane facelifting” technique was performed on 14 hemifaces of 7 pieces of fresh cadavers at the Instituto de Treinamento de Cadáver (Cadaver Training Institute) in Curitiba in 2021. The surgical technique was performed according to our clinical practice and reproduced on the cadaver. After the procedure, the facial anatomical structures were dissected to correlate their positioning with the anatomical spaces of the face. The positioning of the facial ligaments, vascularization, and branches of the facial nerve were evaluated. Results: The anatomical spaces relevant to the deep plane facelifting technique were identified, such as the inferior and superior masseteric spaces, prezygomatic space, buccal space, and cervical space. The facial nerve branches were identified in the sub-SMAS plane and correlated with the anatomical spaces and planes. Conclusion: The deep plane facelift technique can be reproduced safely as long as two parameters are respected. The first is the correct entry into spaces to respect the anatomy. The second is the use of blunt detachers for dissection in the deep planes of the face to avoid nerve damage to the branches of the facial nerve.

High rates of limestone have been increasingly utilized in newly converted areas for grain production in agricultural frontier regions to expedite the short-term correction of soil fertility, leading to compensatory yields. However, there is a lack of information about different doses of lime and gypsum for soils in the Cerrado of Matopiba, especially in the state of Piauí, Brazil. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of doses of lime and gypsum in newly converted areas for soybean production in the Cerrado of Southwest Piauí. The study was carried out in the 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 crop years, on yellow Oxisol soil, in a randomized block design and treatments following a 5 × 4 factorial: five lime rates (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 t ha−1) and four gypsum rates (0, 1, 2 and 4 t ha−1), with four replicates. The standard lime and gypsum rates were 5 t ha−1 and 1 t ha−1, respectively. Soil fertility attributes (0.0–0.2, 0.2–0.4, and 0.4–0.6 m), nutritional status of plants, and soybean yield were measured. The increases in grain yield using a lime rate of 10 t ha−1 were 18% and 12% in the 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 crop years, respectively. High lime rates provide a reduction in the concentrations of P, K, and cationic micronutrients in soil, thereby reducing leaf contents of macro- and micronutrients in soybean plants. Concentrations of Ca, Mg, and S in subsurface layers were raised to proper levels, similar to those recommended for topsoil (0.0–0.2 m). The use of gypsum and lime in newly converted areas for soybean cultivation provides quick improvement in soil chemical conditions and reduction in acidity components. The application of 10 t ha−1 of lime improved the soil chemical environment in the Matopiba region the short time available for chemical reactions to occur, allowing soybean cultivation in newly converted areas of Cerrado into agriculture.

Recently rapid mapping techniques based on UAV photogrammetry increasingly help on-site archaeological documentation works. Multi-temporal data are specifically crucial in diachronic investigation research, and for this purpose the data co-registration and integration can support the accurate 3D digitization of excavation phases and make coherent topological relation among them and phases-related stratigraphic units’ data. In this framework, the level of automation and accuracy control are challenging aspects to streamline the documentation process during excavation activities, however all experimentation phases must be tested and validated in the actual archaeological context, where the boundary conditions are typically demanding. This research is developed during the collaboration project with Cà Foscari University of Venice, started in 2022 campaign, in the excavation site of Tell Zeyd, in Iraqi Kurdistan, The Tell Zeyd Archaeological Project (ZAP) aims to study the rural landscape of the hinterland of Mosul in the long Islamic period, from the Arab conquest in the 7th century to the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire with the First World War, as an ideal observatory on the characteristics of the settlement in its spatial organisation, places of worship, production installations and facilities for storing foodstuffs. The research aims to present the preliminary test and results on an experimental documentation activity based on multi-scale UAV mapping strategy and training with the archaeological expert group, and particularly for automatic co-registration of multi-temporal data, considering different images datasets epochs belonging to subsequent excavation phases.

Direct georeferencing uses onboard sensors to measure the position and orientation of the camera during image acquisition for photogrammetric applications. This approach aims to eliminate the use of traditional Ground Control Points (GCPs) in the photogrammetric process in order to reduce the costs and the time of the survey operations. The direct georeferencing technique involves integrating measurements from inertial measurement units (IMUs) and Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) data in order to evaluate the position and attitude of the camera with high accuracy (a few centimeters). In the Built Heritage survey domain, this approach is mainly followed by the employment of UAVs (Uncrewed aerial systems) platforms that are nowadays equipped with highly accurate systems able to evaluate the external parameters for the photogrammetric process. For terrestrial applications, few already achieved tests were performed; moreover, the sensors today available for extracting information from close-range acquisition systems are limited and sometimes under development. To evaluate the possibility offered by these new direct georeferencing tools, a test on the 3D ImageVector (REDcatch GmbH) has been performed. The results and the strategies followed will be presented and analyzed in order to understand better the accuracy and the potentiality of this new promising approach.

Summary: Background & Aims: Orange-fleshed Sweet Potato - OFSP, refers to one of the food crops obtained by biofortification. The study of the OFSP leaves can therefore expand its use and provide new elements with additional nutritional values for health promotion. The present study evaluated the effect of supplementing the flour obtained from the OFSP leaf on the adiposity and metabolic conditions of male Wistar rats. Methods: The research has a basic experimental character, being performed with male Wistar rats (n = 20) divided into Supplemented Group (n = 10), which received 2g of OFSP flour in 2mL of water via gavage, administered during 6 weeks. Unsupplemented rats received the same volume of water without the flour. At 69 days old and after 12 hours of fasting, the rats were weighed, measured the naso-anal length to calculate the Lee index and collected whole blood for analysis of: glucose, blood count, lipid profile and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). The histology of the adipose and hepatic tissue was performed. Results: As main results, lower weight and lower adipocyte volume were obtained in visceral fat and there was a reduction in VLDL-cholesterol in the Supplemented Group. Conclusions: It can be concluded that the It can be concluded that the supplementation with OFSP leaves was able to experience a reduction in the lipid profile and in the accumulation of fat in adipocytes. These effects correlate with combating free radicals and preventing damage related to oxidative stress, such as NCDs.

Extracting accurate bathymetric information from clear, shallow waters in complex riverine environments can be challenging, but it is crucial for many applications, such as hydraulic modeling, ecological monitoring, and sediment transport analysis. Multi-view stereo photogrammetry (MVS-SfM) has emerged as a promising technique for acquiring high-resolution bathymetric data from aerial imagery. However, the accuracy of MVS-SfM can be affected by various factors, including water refraction, which can distort the depth measurements. In this study, iterative Dietrich’s refraction-correction method is tested for extracting bathymetry from MVS-SfM in a complex riverine environment. Moreover, we proposed a workflow for applying the method using raster data files, which can be more readily available than point clouds. It also compared the obtained results with previous applications and evaluated them using statistical indices and ratios. For this case study, the multicamera refraction method produces bathymetric datasets with accuracies of ~0.019% of the flying height and precisions of ~0.07% of the flying height. This study contributes to increased confidence in exploiting aerial imagery for bathymetric mapping in photogrammetric procedures under field conditions and can facilitate the management and conservation of clear water systems.

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic impacted public health and our lifestyles, leading to new social adaptations such as quarantine, social distancing, and facial masks. Face masks, covering extended facial zones, hamper our ability to extract relevant socio-emotional information from others’ faces. In this fMRI study, we investigated how face masks interfere with facial emotion recognition, focusing on brain responses and connectivity patterns as a function of the presence of a face mask.MethodsA total of 25 healthy participants (13F; mean age: 32.64 ± 7.24y; mean education: 18.28 ± 1.31y) were included. Participants underwent task-related fMRI during the presentation of images of faces expressing basic emotions (joy or fear versus neutral expression). Half of the faces were covered by a face mask. Subjects had to recognize the facial emotion (masked or unmasked). FMRI whole-brain and regions-of-interest analyses were performed, as well as psychophysiological interaction analysis (PPI).ResultsSubjects recognized better and faster emotions on unmasked faces. FMRI analyses showed that masked faces induced a stronger activation of a right occipito-temporal cluster, including the fusiform gyrus and the occipital face area bilaterally. The same activation pattern was found for the neutral masked > neutral unmasked contrast. PPI analyses of the masked > unmasked contrast showed, in the right occipital face area, a stronger correlation with the left superior frontal gyrus, left precentral gyrus, left superior parietal lobe, and the right supramarginal gyrus.DiscussionOur study showed how our brain differentially struggles to recognize face-masked basic emotions, implementing more neural resources to correctly categorize those incomplete facial expressions.

AISI 316 L stainless steel is widely used as material to produce components by means of additive manufacturing. To increase the circular economy, the powders are collected and re-used after the printing process, thus the effect of powder recycling on microstructure and properties of printed components is of the utmost importance. This work focused the attention on non-metallic inclusions by examining virgin and recycled powders, and products printed by using both types of powders in a laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) process.Recycled powders exhibit an irregular shape due to fragmentation, spatters and satellites and, compared to the virgin ones, have a higher gas (O, H and C) content. Both powders contain non-metallic inclusions with a larger quantity in the recycled ones.The printed samples have a similar microstructure, however those produced by using recycled powders exhibit voids of larger size and a little greater amount of inclusions. XRD and EDS examinations of inclusions extracted from the metallic matrix showed that they consist of a mix of amorphous and crystalline silica. Large part of these particles are already present in virgin powders and only a minor part forms during repeated printing operations. Accordingly, the quality of virgin powders is the factor that mainly affects the inclusion content of printed products indicating that the powder production process is the most critical stage of the whole manufacturing process.

The shear modulus G of the sputum obtained by expectoration from cystic fibrosis patients is fundamental to determine the mesh size of the polymeric network pervading the sputum, a parameter related to lung functionality. The Akaike criterion revealed that in 55.2 % of the examined samples, the best approach (among those considered) to determine G relied on the mechanical spectrum fitting by the generalised Maxwell model with relaxation times scaled by a factor 10. Thus, this approach was adopted to evaluate the mesh size distribution combining G knowledge with the determination of the average magnetic relaxation time (T2m) of sputum. As G and T2m determination can be negatively affected by sputum contamination by saliva, whose presence increases T2m and depresses G, we developed a proper “decontamination” procedure to obtain more reliable T2m and G estimations (necessary in 21 % of the samples). This procedure allowed to strengthen the T2m correlation with lung functionality evaluated by FEV1 (normalised air volume emitted in the first second during a spirometry test).

This analysis estimates the economic and clinical impact of a Moderna updated COVID-19 mRNA Fall 2023 vaccine for adults ≥18 years in Japan. A previously developed Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered (SEIR) model with a one-year analytic time horizon (September 2023–August 2024) and consequences decision tree were used to estimate symptomatic infections, COVID-19 related hospitalizations, deaths, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), costs, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for a Moderna updated Fall 2023 vaccine versus no additional vaccination, and versus a Pfizer–BioNTech updated mRNA Fall 2023 vaccine. The Moderna vaccine is predicted to prevent 7.2 million symptomatic infections, 272,100 hospitalizations and 25,600 COVID-19 related deaths versus no vaccine. In the base case (healthcare perspective), the ICER was ¥1,300,000/QALY gained ($9400 USD/QALY gained). Sensitivity analyses suggest results are most affected by COVID-19 incidence, initial vaccine effectiveness (VE), and VE waning against infection. Assuming the relative VE between both bivalent vaccines apply to updated Fall 2023 vaccines, the base case suggests the Moderna version will prevent an additional 1,100,000 symptomatic infections, 27,100 hospitalizations, and 2600 deaths compared to the Pfizer–BioNTech vaccine. The updated Moderna vaccine is expected to be highly cost-effective at a ¥5 million willingness-to-pay threshold across a wide range of scenarios.

The effects of an early impoverished social or physical environment on vertebrate neural development and cognition has been known for decades. While existing studies have focused on the long-term effects, measuring adult cognitive phenotypes, studies on the effects of environmental complexity on the early stages of development are lacking. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) hatchlings are assumed to have minimal interaction with their environment and are routinely reared in small, bare containers. To investigate the effects of being raised under such conditions on development of behaviour and cognition, hatchlings housed for 10 days in either an enriched or a standard environment underwent two cognitive tasks. The results were mixed. Subjects of the two treatments did not differ in performance when required to discriminate two areas. Conversely, we found a significant effect in a number discrimination task, with subjects from impoverished condition performing significantly worse. In both experiments, larvae reared in impoverished environment showed a reduced locomotor activity. Given the effects that enrichment appears to exert on larvae, a third experiment explored whether hatchlings exhibit a spontaneous preference for more complex environments. When offered a choice between a bare setting and one with objects of different shapes and colors, larvae spent over 70% of time in the enriched sector. Deepening these effects of an early impoverished environment on cognitive development is crucial for the welfare of captive zebrafish populations and for enhancing the quality and reliability of studies on larval zebrafish.

Immunosuppression management in transplant recipients is a critical component of pharmacotherapy. This becomes particularly crucial when patients are exposed to multiple medications that may lead to pharmacological interactions, potentially compromising the effectiveness of immunosuppression. We present the case of a 46-year-old patient diagnosed with cystic fibrosis in childhood at our hospital, who underwent bilateral lung transplantation and is undergoing immunosuppressive therapy. The patient was hospitalized due to an acute pulmonary exacerbation. During the hospitalization, the patient was administered various classes of antibiotics while continuing the standard antirejection regimen of everolimus and mycophenolate. Plasma concentrations of immunosuppressants, measured after antibiotic therapy, revealed significantly lower levels than the therapeutic thresholds, providing the basis for formulating the hypothesis of a drug–drug interaction phenomenon. This hypothesis is supported by the rationale of antibiotic-induced disruption of the intestinal flora, which directly affects the kinetics of mycophenolate. These levels increased after discontinuation of the antimicrobials. Patients with CF undergoing lung transplantation, especially prone to pulmonary infections due to their medical condition, considering the enterohepatic circulation of mycophenolate mediated by intestinal bacteria, necessitate routine monitoring of mycophenolate concentrations during and immediately following the cessation of antibiotic therapies, that could potentially result in insufficient immunosuppression.

Introdução/Objetivo: As vacinas são uma escolha eficaz para o controle de doenças infecciosas, sendo primordial na contenção da pandemia da COVID-19. As vacinas são produtos seguros, porém, não são isentas de eventos adversos. De correndo, assim, na importância de uma avaliação de causalidade de Eventos Supostamente Atribuíveis à Vacinação (ESAVI) com qualquer ocorrência médica indesejada após a vacinação. O estudo possui por objetivo caracterizar os casos de ESAVI contra a COVID-19 quanto à gravidade, à causalidade e as manifestações clínicas. Métodos: Este estudo de coorte retrospectivo foi realizado a partir de casos de ESAVI contra a COVID-19 atendidos no Hospital de Base de São José do Rio Preto entre janeiro de 2021 e julho de 2022. Os dados secundários foram coletados do prontuário eletrônico e do Sistema VaciVida pertinentes as investigações e notificações dos casos. Resultados: Foram analisados 728 casos de ESAVI, sendo 554 (76,10%) em pessoas com idade entre 20 e 59 anos, incidindo mais sobre as mulheres (72,80%). O tempo entre a vacinação e o início de sintomas teve mediana de dois dias, com 290 notificações associada à primeira dose adicional da vacina Pfizer. Segundo a classificação, 262 (35,99%) foram classificados como evento adverso grave por necessitar de hospitalização e, desses, 48 (6,59%) foram óbitos em período temporalmente associado à vacinação. Os casos não graves corresponderam a 64,01% das notificações. Quanto às manifestações clínicas, foram mais relacionadas aos sistemas: neurológico (269 - 60,03%) respiratório (279 - 38,32%), gastrointestinal (269 - 36,95%), tegumentar (128 - 17,58%) e cardiovascular (32 - 4,44%). Do total de casos notificados, 177 (24,31%) foram avaliados e encerrados pelo Centro de Vigilância Epidemiológica de São Paulo. Dentre os não graves, 45 (9,6%) eram reações inerentes a vacina e 3 (0,64%) casos tiveram relação temporal. Em relação aos casos graves, 10 (3,82%) foram classificados com relação temporal consistente, mas sem evidências na literatura. Todos os óbitos investigados foram descartados com relação à causalidade. Conclusão: Este estudo, desenvolvido com dados secundários de um complexo de saúde, não pode ser generalizado para outros serviços. Contudo, considerando os casos encerrados, nota-se que embora haja ocorrência de eventos adversos após a vacina, grande parte dos casos estão associados às reações não graves inerentes ao produto consistentes na literatura.

Introdução/Objetivo: A COVID-19, doença considerada pandêmica desde março de 2020, apresenta evolução espectral, desde casos assintomáticos até casos leves com Síndrome Gripal ou casos graves com evolução para Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave e óbito, sendo que diversos fatores já foram constatados como possíveis responsáveis por esse desfecho, como doença cardiovascular, pulmonar e neurológica. Todavia, ainda há pacientes sem comorbidades prévias que tem o curso desfavorável. O estudo possui por objetivo analisar nos casos de óbito por COVID-19, em paciente sem comorbidades, as condições que podem estar associadas a uma evolução desfavorável. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo realizado a partir da análise de casos de óbitos por Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave devida COVID-19 em pacientes sem comorbidades atendidos no Hospital de Base de São José do Rio Preto entre março de 2020 e fevereiro de 2022. Os dados retrospectivos foram coletados do Sistema de Informação de Vigilância Epidemiológica da Gripe e de prontuário eletrônico. Resultados: No período de análise 6.640 pacientes foram hospitalizados, destes 5.678 (85,5%) foram excluídos das análises por apresentarem comorbidades. Dentre os pacientes sem comorbidades (962 [14,5%]), 80 (8,3%) foram óbitos, sendo estes comparados com 80 pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19 que receberam alta hospitalar (grupo controle). Foi observado que nos três primeiros dias de internação, os pacientes que foram a óbito tiveram maiores valores de proteína C-reativa (p = 0,001), D-dímero (p = 0,002), creatinina sérica (p = 0,008) e maior proporção de indivíduos com taxa de filtração glomerular estimada < 60 mL/min/1,73 m² (p = 0,023). As taxas de admissão em UTI foram maiores nos casos de óbitos (p < 0,001), assim como a necessidade de suporte ventilatório invasivo (p < 0,001). Não houve diferenças em relação ao sexo, idade, etnia, nível educacional, período de admissão e o tempo entre o início dos sintomas e a admissão, exceto para o desconforto respiratório (p = 0,047). Conclusão: Pacientes com COVID-19 sem comorbidades que foram a óbito apresentaram com maior frequência desconforto respiratório, valores maiores de proteína C-reativa, D-dímero e creatinina, maiores taxas de admissão em UTI e necessidade de suporte ventilatório invasivo, quando comparados aos sobreviventes. Assim, acredita-se que tais fatores estão implicados em um desfecho desfavorável, os quais podem ser utilizados para acompanhar a progressão da doença.

Introdução e objetivos: O Hospital Municipal Vila Santa Catarina é um hospital terciário que realiza uma média de 550 transfusões de hemocomponentes por mês. Apesar de corretamente indicada, administrada e obedecendo às normas vigentes; a transfusão apresenta riscos, e reações transfusionais podem ocorrer. Sendo assim, nos últimos dois anos foram implementadas ações de busca ativa de reações transfusionais com o intuito de buscar possíveis subnotificações e aumentar a qualidade e segurança transfusional. Material e métodos: A busca ativa de reações transfusionais em nosso serviço é realizada através de: análise retrospectiva de prontuário eletrônico após 24 horas ao término da transfusão; visita a beiro leito de pacientes transfundidos, e avaliação dos registros de sinais vitais no monitoramento transfusional. A avaliação pela equipe de enfermagem do banco de sangue é registrada em prontuário. Os dados de busca ativa são registrados mensalmente na planilha estruturada internamente. O Departamento de Hemoterapia possui o indicador de reação transfusional. Resultados: : As seguintes ações de busca ativa de reação transfusional foram adotadas nos últimos dois anos: 1)Avaliação do prontuário do paciente após 24 horas do término da transfusão em pelo menos 20% do total de transfusões mensais com verificação de intercorrências durante ou após a transfuaão não reportadas ao Banco de sangue; 2)Análise de 100% do preenchimento dos dados de monitoramento transfusional eletrônico em busca de alterações dos parâmetros de sinais vitais; 3)Visita beira leito ao paciente após 24 horas do término da transfusão em pelo menos 20 % do total das transfusões com questionamento ativo sobre sinais e sintomas de reação transfusional durante ou após a transfusão; 4) Implementação de centro de monitoramento transfusional que comunica ativamente à equipe de enfermagem assistencial quando há falta de preenchimento do monitoramento transfusional. Em todos os casos descritos, quando é identificado uma possível subnotificação, o Banco de Sangue realiza todo o processo de investigação de reação transfusional. A taxa de subnotificação encontrada foi de 0,03% casos por mês e o índice de eventos não relacionados a transfusão foi de 6,97% casos por mês (dados atualizados até junho/23). Após a implementação das duas últimas ações, houve uma queda de cerca de 50% na taxa de não conformidade no preenchimento do acompanhamento transfusional. Discussão: Apesar da baixa taxa de reação transfusional encontrada através da busca ativa o que pode ser explicado pelos protocolos adotados em nosso serviço (deleucotização de CH em menos de 48 horas após a coleta; irradiação universal; fenotipagem profilática de acordo com a doença de base; verificação de histórico transfusional e protocolos de deleucotização e irradiação no sistema informatizado; protocolos de procedimentos especiais para os pacientes que já tiveram história de reações transfusionais, tais como aliquotagem, lavagem e redução de plasma, como condutas preventivas; cultura universal em plaquetas; coleta de PFC apenas de doadores do sexo masculino e nulíparas); notamos uma melhora significativa na qualidade da assistência prestada com aumento de segurança ao paciente e diminuição das não conformidades do acompanhamento transfusional. Conclusão: O monitoramento transfusional é um processo crítico que auxilia na detecção precoce de eventos adversos que podem ocorrer durante a transfusão de hemocomponentes, aumentando a segurança para o paciente.

Este artigo examina a imbricação entre os deslocamentos e as condições de trabalho dos entregadores engajados nas e pelas plataformas digitais da metrópole de São Paulo, Brasil. Com ênfase nos entregadores do iFood que utilizam bicicletas elétricas, adotam-se como técnicas de pesquisa levantamento bibliográfico e documental, entrevistas e trabalhos de campo entre janeiro e abril de 2022. Como resultado, revelam-se os deslocamentos, em longas distâncias percorridas com significativo dispêndio de tempo, realizados por esses trabalhadores entre as diversas periferias da metrópole e algumas centralidades com alta potencialidade para realizar entregas. Despontam também as formas pelas quais a desigualdade espacial se manifesta e se reproduz nos deslocamentos dos entregadores, reafirmando a relação centro-periferia. Ao destacar as condições de trabalho e de moradia dos entregadores que utilizam bicicleta como meio de trabalho, explicita-se a articulação entre as formas ultraprecarizadas de engajamento laboral pelas plataformas digitais de entrega e o espaço urbano.