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The selection of the most appropriate formula in long-term home enteral nutrition is a controversial issue. Our objective was to study a high protein hypercaloric enteral nutrition formula in patients with long-term feeding (180 days). Methods: Prospective observational multicenter real-life study with high-protein hypercaloric formula (2 kcal/ml and 20% protein). General, anthropometric, analytical and quality of life data were collected by visual analog scale of the European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions at the beginning, 60, 120 and 180 days. Gastrointestinal tolerance was assessed with a visual analog scale and Bristol Stool Scale and the risk of malnutrition was assessed using NRS-2002. Results: 51 patients (88.2% men, mean age 62.0 years), with oncological diseases in 72.5%. No differences in anthropometric data were observed, although the percentage of patients at risk of malnutrition according to NRS 2002 was reduced from 75% to 8.3% (p < 0.0001). No differences were observed in albumin, prealbumin, transferrin, lymphocytes or hematocrit. The quality of life improved from 3.84 (1.27) to 5.37 (1.12) on the visual analog scale (p < 0.0001). A reduction in gastrointestinal symptoms was observed throughout the period of enteral nutrition. Both the number and percentage of stools considered normal according to the Bristol scale remained stable. Conclusion: Our study supports that the use of high-protein hypercaloric formulas during a 6-month nutritional treatment allows an adequate nutritional evolution without risk of dehydration and with a good tolerance, even improvement of gastrointestinal symptoms, and can contribute to an improvement in the quality of lifetime. (C) 2020 SEEN y SED. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

Thousands of insect traps are deployed both in border surveillance and integrated pest management programmes, all of which need to checked manually to obtain any data on insect populations. As an alternative to this form of surveillance program we offer an automated system comprised of optical sensors and precise machine learning algorithms provide accurate identification and counts of trapped insects. This is achieved through the use of pseudo acoustic data derived from the wingbeat of the insect as it enters the trap. We are working to build a library of wing beat frequency data of relevant insects for the Asia pacific region to be used with the FarmSense algorithm, and will be testing this technology on farms and within border monitoring operations in the near future.

The blue shark is the most captured shark in pelagic longline fisheries targeting tunas and swordfish. As part of an ongoing cooperative program for fisheries and biological data collection , information collected by fishery observers and scientific Project from several fishing nations in the Atlantic (EU.Spain, EU.Portugal, Uruguay, Taiwán, USA, Japan, Brasil, Venezuela and South Africa) were analyzed. Datasets include information on geographic location, size and sex. A total of 414428 blue sharks records collected between 1992 and 2014 were compiled, with the sizes ranging from 36 to 394 cm FL (fork length). Considerable variability was observed in the size distribution by región and season, with larger sizes tending to ocsur in equatorial and tropical regions and smaller sizes in higher latitudes. The expected distribution of juvenile and adult specimens also showed considerable variability, and the sex ratios varied between regions and sizes classes. The distributional patterns presented in this study provide a better understanding of different aspects of this species in the Atlantic that can help to promote more informed managemente and conservation measures.

captura asociada a la pesquería de palangre de superficie dirigida a pez espada, The occurrence of tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier) in the Atlantic Ocean was assessed using at-sea observer data from multiple pelagic longline fisheries (Japan, Portugal, Spain, United States and Uruguay). Geographic positions of 2,764 tiger sharks, recorded between 1993 and 2013 and covering a wide area of the Atlantic were compared with the currently accepted distribution ranges of the species. Most of our records fell outside the accepted distribution ranges in both the Southern and Northern hemispheres. These results strongly suggest that the distribution range of the tiger shark is considerably wider than previously described, particularly over the open ocean, SI

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International audience

Mutations in the ganglioside-induced-differentiation-associated protein 1 gene (GDAP1) can cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease with demyelinating (CMT4A) or axonal forms (CMT2K and ARCMT2K). Most of these mutations present a recessive inheritance, but few autosomal dominant GDAP1 mutations have also been reported. We performed a GDAP1 gene screening in a clinically well-characterized series of 81 index cases with axonal CMT neuropathy, identifying 17 patients belonging to 4 unrelated families in whom the heterozygous p.R120W was found to be the only disease-causing mutation. The main objective was to fully characterize the neuropathy caused by this mutation. The clinical picture included a mild-moderate phenotype with onset around adolescence, but great variability. Consistently, ankle dorsiflexion and plantar flexion were impaired to a similar degree. Nerve conduction studies revealed an axonal neuropathy. Muscle magnetic resonance imaging studies demonstrated selective involvement of intrinsic foot muscles in all patients and a uniform pattern of fatty infiltration in the calf, with distal and superficial posterior predominance. Pathological abnormalities included depletion of myelinated fibers, regenerative clusters and features of axonal degeneration with mitochondrial aggregates. Our findings highlight the relevance of dominantly transmitted p.R120W GDAP1 gene mutations which can cause an axonal CMT with a wide clinical profile.

Becoming a regular smoker is a process that begins even before the first cigarette, and ends in lifelong physical and psychological dependence. Various psychological and behavioral factors contribute to this process. This article discusses smoking initiation from a comprehensive perspective, including the physiological and addictive effects of nicotine, and the personal and environmental factors that lead to smoking. Because smoking usually begins in adolescence, special emphasis is placed on this developmental stage and on the situations that encourage teenagers to smoke the first cigarette. Finally, this article analyzes the importance of the initiation process in the epidemiology and prevention of smoking. This approach may prove to be particularly useful to clinicians interested in interventions aimed to curb smoking.

Mercury species in air have been measured at five sites in Northwest Europe and at five coastal sites in the Mediterranean region during measurements at four seasons. Observed concentrations of total gaseous mercury (TGM),total particulate mercury (TPM) and reactive gaseous mercury (RGM) were generally slightly higher in the Mediterranean region than in Northwest Europe. Incoming clean Atlantic air seems to be enriched in TGM incomparison to air in Scandinavia. Trajectory analysis of events where high concentrations of TPM simultaneously were observed at sites in North Europe indicate source areas in Central Europe and provide evidence of transport of mercuryon particles on a regional scale.