51. Rapid increase in ozone-depleting chloroform emissions from China
- Author
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Ronald G. Prinn, Matthew Rigby, Rachel Tunnicliffe, Christina M. Harth, Paul J. Fraser, Dickon Young, Ray F. Weiss, Peter K. Salameh, Alicia Gressent, Xuekun Fang, Anita L. Ganesan, Paul B. Krummel, Yoko Yokouchi, Jens Mühle, Mark Lunt, Takuya Saito, Sunyoung Park, Alistair J. Manning, Simon O'Doherty, Peter Simmonds, and Shanlan Li
- Subjects
Ozone ,Chloroform ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Eastern china ,Atmospheric model ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,01 natural sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Short lifetime ,Environmental chemistry ,Ozone layer ,Montreal Protocol ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Environmental science ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Chloroform contributes to the depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer. However, due to its short lifetime and predominantly natural sources, it is not included in the Montreal Protocol that regulates the production and uses of ozone-depleting substances. Atmospheric chloroform mole fractions were relatively stable or slowly decreased during 1990–2010. Here we show that global chloroform mole fractions increased after 2010, based on in situ chloroform measurements at seven stations around the world. We estimate that the global chloroform emissions grew at the rate of 3.5% yr−1 between 2010 and 2015 based on atmospheric model simulations. We used two regional inverse modelling approaches, combined with observations from East Asia, to show that emissions from eastern China grew by 49 (41–59) Gg between 2010 and 2015, a change that could explain the entire increase in global emissions. We suggest that if chloroform emissions continuously grow at the current rate, the recovery of the stratospheric ozone layer above Antarctica could be delayed by several years. Atmospheric levels of chloroform increased after 2010, as a result of emissions in eastern China, according to analyses of measurements and inverse modelling.
- Published
- 2018