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Systematic biases and coarse resolutions are major limitations of current precipitation datasets. Many deep learning (DL) based studies have been conducted for precipitation bias correction and downscaling. However, it is still challenging for the current approaches to handle complex features of hourly precipitation, resulting in incapability of reproducing small scale features, such as extreme events. This study developed a customized DL model by incorporating customized loss functions, multitask learning, and physically relevant covariates to bias correct and downscale hourly precipitation data. We designed six scenarios to systematically evaluate the added values of weighted loss functions, multi-task learning, and atmospheric covariates compared to the regular DL and statistical approaches. The model was trained and tested using the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA2) reanalysis and the Stage IV radar observations over northern coastal region of Gulf of Mexico. We found that all the scenarios with weighted loss functions performed notably better than the other scenarios with conventional loss functions and a quantile mapping-based approach at hourly, daily, and monthly time scales as well as extremes. Multitask learning showed improved performance on capturing hourly precipitation climatology, aggregated precipitation at daily and monthly scales, and detailed features of extreme events, while the improvement is not as large as from weighted loss functions. Accounting for atmospheric covariates further improved the model performance for capturing extreme events. We show that the customized DL model can better downscale and bias correct precipitation datasets and provide improved precipitation estimates at fine spatial and temporal resolutions where regular DL and statistical methods experiencing challenges.

Nutrition supports social insect colonies by regulating both individual performance and colony growth. In honey bee colonies, task-related behaviors such as nursing and foraging are partially mediated by nutrition. Young workers (nurses) consume almost all of the pollen in the hive, while foragers consume mostly nectar. Pollen provides vital proteins and lipids, consumed by nurse bees for approximately 1 week post-eclosion. The role that lipids play in the physiology and behavior of adult bees is gaining significant attention. Recent research suggests that diets with balanced ratios of fatty acids increase olfactory learning in honey bees. Olfaction is crucial for young worker bees to perform brood care and cell cleaning behaviors, which is important for hive health and disease control. Thus, we targeted the early adult, pollen-feeding stage to examine how fatty acids affect cognition to hive-relevant odors. We fed young workers (days 0–9) diets balanced or unbalanced in their ratio of essential fatty acids (ω-6:3) sourced from pollen or cooking oils. We then measured their ability to learn healthy and damaged brood odors, as well as their ability to discriminate between the two. Workers fed balanced diets could learn and discriminate between brood odors better than workers fed unbalanced diets. Consumption of both diet types decreased with age, but their cognitive effects remained. These results suggest that diet affects young worker cognitive development, which may affect task-related behaviors and colony hygiene.

Autologous T-cells engineered with T-cell receptors (TCRs) targeting tumor antigens are promising therapies for metastatic solid cancers.1 Specific peptide enhanced affinity receptor (SPEAR) T-cell therapies are T-cells with engineered HLA-restricted TCRs that precisely target tumor cells with specific antigens, such as MAGE-A4 (a cancer testis antigen), presented on the surface by HLA molecules. In SPEAR T-cell clinical trials targeting MAGE-A4, a 2-step prescreen is done before enrolment. 1) Patients undergo HLA typing via a high-resolution (allelic, 4-digit) sequence-based assay, and those who are positive for the inclusion alleles (HLA-A*02:01P, 02:02P, 02:03P, 02:06P) and not positive for the exclusion allele A*02:05P are eligible. 2) Tumor MAGE-A4 testing is done via an immunohistochemical clinical trial assay (MAGE-A4+ cutoff: ≥30% tumor cell staining at ≥2+ intensity) in HLA-eligible patients. A screening protocol (NCT02636855) has been used in Phase 1 trials of first- and next-generation SPEAR T-cells targeting MAGE-A4 (NCT03132922, NCT04044859) with responses in multiple MAGE-A4+ tumors. As of November 19, 2021, 6,168 patients with 9 solid tumor types were screened at 32 sites across North America and Europe in this screening protocol; among which, 2,744 were HLA-eligible (eligibility rate: 45%, range per tumor type: 42%-55%). HLA-A*02:01 was the most frequent HLA-A*02 allele. Of these HLA-eligible patients, 1,549 had tumor tissues evaluable for MAGE-A4 expression; among which, 313 were MAGE-A4+ (MAGE-A4+ rate: 20%, range: 8%-54%) (Table). MAGE-A4 showed highest prevalence in synovial sarcoma and myxoid/round cell liposarcoma but was seen across all tumor types investigated. Our results will be discussed in the context of tumor histopathology, disease status, and demography. HLA and MAGE-A4 biomarker data will inform the therapeutic opportunities for SPEAR T-cells targeting MAGE-A4 in metastatic solid cancers. 1. D’Angelo et al. Cancer Discov. 2018;8:944. HLA eligibility and MAGE-A4 prevalence in a screening protocol (NCT02636855) Indication Esophageal cancer Esophagogastric junction cancer Gastric cancer Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma Non-small cell lung cancer Melanoma Ovarian cancer Urothelial cancer Synovial sarcoma and myxoid/round cell liposarcoma HLA screened (N) 284 228 271 601 3189 668 539 270 118 HLA eligible (%) 46 45 43 42 43 50 49 43 55 MAGE-A4 evaluable (N) 104 91 73 200 457 245 225 93 61 MAGE-A4 positive (%) 22 25 8 22 14 16 24 32 54 Citation Format: Tianjiao Wang, Jean-Marc Navenot, Stavros Rafail, Mark Carroll, Ruoxi Wang, Cheryl McAlpine, Swethajit Biswas, Francine Brophy, Erica Elefant, Paige Bayer, Sandra McGuigan, Dennis Williams, George Blumenschein, Marcus Butler, Jeffrey M. Clarke, Justin F. Gainor, Ramaswamy Govindan, Victor Moreno, Janet Tu, David S. Hong. Identifying MAGE-A4-positive tumors for SPEAR T-cell therapies in HLA-A*02-eligible patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr LB001.

Grounded in self-determination theory and the motivational model of the coach-athlete relationship, the purpose of this study was to explore the antecedents of youth sport coaches’ autonomy-supportive and controlling behaviours using a multimethod approach. Recreational level youth swimming and football coaches (N = 12) participated in semi-structured interviews and were observed leading a coaching session. Interviews were thematically analysed and coaching sessions were analysed using the multidimensional motivational climate observation system. Analysis of the triangulated data revealed that the coaches were both autonomy-supportive and controlling in their interactions with athletes, but predominantly autonomy-supportive. Coaches reported that they coached in this way due to factors associated with their personal orientation (significant others’ influence, learning experiences, and beliefs about the role of the coach), the coaching context (time pressure), and perceptions of athletes’ characteristics (readiness for autonomy, gender, and quality of motivation). The findings are discussed in relation to personal and social processes that may determine coaching behaviours, and suggestions for coach development and future research are noted.

Aim/Purpose: Most programs are designed with full-time doctoral students’ characteristics and needs in mind; few programs consider the unique needs of part-time doctoral students, including time restrictions, experiences during the program, identity development, and different professional aspirations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential differences between part-time and full-time doctoral students in their scholarly development, and how technology may serve as a communication and organization tool for individual and program support. Background: Built on the application of communities of practice, information and communication technology, and situated learning theory, this study sought to evaluate the potential differences among full-time and part-time doctoral students associated with their scholarly development in a traditional doctoral program at a large research-intensive university. Methodology: This study used independent samples t-test to evaluate the potential differences between part-time and full-time doctoral students in their scholarly development. Data were collected from 98 doctoral students via a survey. This study also employed two hypothetical cases that described the issues and solutions related to the program pursuant to scholarly development, which further illustrated the quantitative results and provided more meaningful discussions and suggestions. Contribution: This study provided insights into part-time doctoral students’ scholarly development and provided suggestions for designing doctoral programs and differentiated mentoring for both full-time and part-time doctoral students. Further, additional multifaceted mentoring approaches including peer mentoring and e-mentoring were evaluated. Findings: Significant differences were found in four aspects of doctoral students’ scholarly development: the opportunities to do research related to grants with faculty, support for scholarly work in addition to advisor’s support, involvement in the teaching/supervision activities, and goals for scholarly development. Recommendations for Practitioners: Program designers, faculty, and especially mentors should appreciate the differences between part-time and full-time doctoral students. Potential program redesigns should include judicious applications of technology as essential components to address limited accessibility and opportunities for part-time students. An Individual Development Plan (IDP) should be used to mentor doctoral students to enhance the effectiveness of mentoring regarding academic goals, actions, and related roles and responsibilities. Recommendation for Researchers: Future research can further evaluate and develop the instrument to better measure more domains of doctoral students’ scholarly development. Additionally, qualitative methods may be used to further provide the emic description of the process of part-time students’ engagement with the program, mentors, and peers. Impact on Society: With consideration of the unique needs of part-time students and the application of technology-based learning community, opportunities are provided for mentors and doctoral students to engage in scholarship and develop a sense of belonging to their doctoral program. Future Research: Future research can examine the differences between male and female doctoral students, different race groups, and disciplines.

Researchers have called for additional empirical studies associated with video games. However, every game is novel in terms of mechanics, content, context, and agency; known variables may be operationalized differently based on the game involved. It is incumbent upon researchers to leverage or create the best tools when extracting data from games. This article models instrument development of a scale intended to catalog users’ actions in a novel context (i.e., the game League of Legends) using a mixed methods approach. Specifically, this work outlines data collection and validation strategies using an online social news aggregation, rating, and discussion resource (i.e., Reddit), involving multiple cycles to elicit expert input and queries to generate consensus from expert gamers, followed by analysis of responses and an exploratory factor analysis for scale construction. Reddit provided three unique functions relative to the process: (a) access to experts who informed the development of scale items, (b) a social space and mechanism to validate scale items, and (c) the opportunity to capture data necessary to establish the psychometric properties of the instrument. Findings associated with scale development (i.e., item generation, theoretical and psychometric analyses) are presented. Overall, implications for instrument development in continually evolving contexts are discussed.

Lacanienta and his colleagues (2018) recently reported results of a study of the effect of themes on quality of experience of youths during summer camp activities. Existing literature suggested that theming activity sessions would have a strong main effect. Results, though, revealed an activity-by-theme interaction effect, i.e., themes seem to be effective in some activities but not others. In this follow-up study, we describe results of a secondary analysis revealing significant new insights regarding theme. Adding an indicator of campers’ co-created, lived-experience theme into the models tested substantially clarified how objective theme, lived-experience theme, and activity interact in influencing the quality of structured experiences. This study, then, underscores the importance of including measures of participants’ co-created lived experience as we seek to understand techniques that can be used to enhance the quality of youths’ structured camp experiences.

Seasonal and interannual variations in global wetland area is a strong driver of fluctuations in global methane (CH4) emissions. Current maps of global wetland extent vary with wetland definition, causing substantial disagreement and large uncertainty in estimates of wetland methane emissions. To reconcile these differences for large-scale wetland CH4 modeling, we developed a global Wetland Area and Dynamics for Methane Modeling (WAD2M) dataset at ~25 km resolution at equator (0.25 arc-degree) at monthly time-step for 2000–2018. WAD2M combines a time series of surface inundation based on active and passive microwave remote sensing at coarse resolution (~25 km) with six static datasets that discriminate inland waters, agriculture, shoreline, and non-inundated wetlands. We exclude all permanent water bodies (e.g. lakes, ponds, rivers, and reservoirs), coastal wetlands (e.g., mangroves and sea grasses), and rice paddies to only represent spatiotemporal patterns of inundated and non-inundated vegetated wetlands. Globally, WAD2M estimates the long-term maximum wetland area at 13.0 million km2 (Mkm2), which can be separated into three categories: mean annual minimum of inundated and non-inundated wetlands at 3.5 Mkm2, seasonally inundated wetlands at 4.0 Mkm2 (mean annual maximum minus mean annual minimum), and intermittently inundated wetlands at 5.5 Mkm2 (long-term maximum minus mean annual maximum). WAD2M has good spatial agreements with independent wetland inventories for major wetland complexes, i.e., the Amazon Lowland Basin and West Siberian Lowlands, with high Cohen's kappa coefficient of 0.54 and 0.70 respectively among multiple wetlands products. By evaluating the temporal variation of WAD2M against modeled prognostic inundation (i.e., TOPMODEL) and satellite observations of inundation and soil moisture, we show that it adequately represents interannual variation as well as the effect of El Niño-Southern Oscillation on global wetland extent. This wetland extent dataset will improve estimates of wetland CH4 fluxes for global-scale land surface modeling. The dataset can be found at http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3998454 (Zhang et al., 2020).

This paper examines changes residential rooftop solar customers make to their demand and energy usage when they take service on a demand rate, and the impact those changes have on their bills and the utilities' cost of service.

Using themes (such as the Wild West or Survivor or Star Wars) in camp settings may enhance the quality of camp activities and youths’ overall camp experience. We evaluated the effect of theming camp experiences on the quality of subjective experiences of campers. Campers (N = 231) in 3 sessions of a residential 4-H camp participated in the study. One camp session was fully themed (all activities used tangible and intangible props, cues, and imaginary story contexts), a second was partially themed (intangible cues and stories only), and the third was not themed. Questionnaires measuring the quality of immediate subjective experiences (N=1,847) were completed following each of 8 activity sessions (e.g., climbing, fishing, swimming). Campers also completed a questionnaire for the purpose of overall camp evaluation at the end of their camp sessions. Activity-level data were analyzed using linear mixed modeling techniques. Ordinary least-squares regression was used to analyze campers’ overall camp experiences. Results at the activity level revealed significant theme-by-activity interaction effects. At the camp level, a hypothesized causal sequence linking theme to likelihood to recommend was supported.

Faced with the need to support a growing number of whole slide imaging (WSI) file formats, our team has extended a long-standing community file format (OME-TIFF) for use in digital pathology. The format makes use of the core TIFF specification to store multi-resolution (or "pyramidal") representations of a single slide in a flexible, performant manner. Here we describe the structure of this format, its performance characteristics, as well as an open-source library support for reading and writing pyramidal OME-TIFFs.

Australian composer Helen Gifford’s Regarding Faustus (1983) is an innovative musical theater setting of Christopher Marlowe’s tragedy Doctor Faustus, with additional adaptation from Marlowe’s Tamburlaine the Great, verse by Marston and Shakespeare, Greene’s Historie of Frier Bacon, and Frier Bongay, and Australian indigenous ceremonial practices. Developing the piece for performance by tenor Robert Gard, Gifford makes effective use of dissonance, with pitched and non-pitched percussion, and pre-recorded chorus, oscillating between diegetic and non-diegetic sounds. Her libretto underplays the visceral aspects of the Faustus character, who damns himself yet still invites our pity. The work is distinctive in its intercultural scope and creative synthesis.

Background In changing higher education environments, medical educators are increasingly challenged to prepare new doctors to care for ageing populations. The Depth of Field: Exploring Ageing resource (DOF) uses photographs, reflective questioning prompts, older adults’ narratives and collaborative dialogue to foster anticipatory reflection or ‘preflection’ in medical students prior to their first geriatric medicine clinical placement. The aim of this research is to explore whether photographs, narratives and small group collaborative dialogue fosters reflective learning, enhances reflective capacity and has the potential to shift medical students’ attitudes towards caring for older adults. Methods This study used a mixed method evaluation design, measuring attitudes using pre and post questionnaire responses and individual written reflections drawn from 128 second year medical students, exploring their perceptions toward older adults. Results Quantitative and qualitative data indicated that the DOF session generated reflective learning that resulted in positive shifts in medical students’ perceptions towards older adults. The qualitative reflections were captured in four main themes: the opportunity provided to Envision working with older adults; the Tension created to challenge learners’ misinformed assumptions, and the work of Dismantling those assumptions, leading to Seeing older people as individuals. Conclusions These findings highlight how visual and narrative methodologies can be used as an effective reflective learning tool to challenge medical students’ assumptions around ageing and how these may influence their care of older adults.

The hyper-virulent emm59 genotype of invasive group A Streptococcus was identified in northern Arizona in 2015. Eighteen isolates belonging to a genomic cluster grouped most closely with recently identified isolates in New Mexico. The continued transmission of emm59 in the southwestern United States poses a public health concern.

Ephemeris error is a limiting factor in GPS position accuracy. The newly introduced GPS Civil Navigation (CNAV) broadcast message, an upgraded version of the legacy NAV message, is designed to provide users with more precise satellite orbit and timing parameters. A CNAV broadcast test was conducted in 2013 on the L2C and L5 bands. Since April 2014, pre-operational CNAV started to broadcast to civilian users. Baseband civil GPS signals on L1, L2, and L5 were recorded during the broadcast test and the pre-operational broadcast using wideband software radio front ends. The signals were acquired and tracked, with navigation messages decoded by the conventional Viterbi method and a computationally efficient matrix-based method. GPS ephemerides were extracted from the messages to compute satellite orbit solutions. This paper evaluates the orbit solution of both CNAV and Legacy NAV during the same time period to demonstrate the improvements in the CNAV ephemeris accuracy. Copyright © 2015 Institute of Navigation.

Contents: Introduction Music and ideology: Rameau, Rousseau, and 1789, Charles B. Paul The French musical theater: maintaining control in Caribbean colonies in the 18th-century, David M. Powers Mozart and Freemasonry, Katharine Thomson Beethovena (TM)s political music, the Handelian sublime, and the aesthetics of prostration, Nicholas Mathew Deconstructing a a "national composer': Chopin and Polish exiles in Paris, 1831-49, Jolanta T. Pekacz On Ruslan and Russianness, Marina Frolova-Walker Music in Paris during the Franco-Prussian war and the Commune, Jess Tyre The old lie, Glenn Watkins The composer as intellectual: ideological inscriptions in French interwar neoclassicism, Jane F. Fulcher The distorted sublime: music and National Socialist ideology - a sketch, Reinhold Brinkmann What is a "Nazi musica (TM)?, Pamela M. Potter Public lies and unspeakable truth interpreting Shostakovicha (TM)s 5th symphony, Richard Taruskin Beyond the folk song: or, what was Hungarian Socialist Realist music?, Danielle Fosler-Lussier Ike gets Dizzy, Penny M. Von Eschen Born under a bad sign, Robin Denselow Rock and the politics of memory, Simon Frith Appropriating the mastera (TM)s tools: Sun Ra, the Black Panthers and Black consciousness, 1952-1973, Daniel Kreiss Music under Mao, its background and aftermath, Mao Yu Run Power, authority and music in the cultures of Inner Asia, Jean During As Plato duly warned: music, politics and social change in coastal East Africa, Kelly M. Askew African music, ideology and utopia, Nick Nesbitt Brechtian hip-hop: didactics and self-production in post-Gangsta political mixtapes, George Ciccariello Maher Political music and the politics of music, Lydia Goehr Name index.

Safety and security critical GNSS applications ensure system integrity by performing long-term monitoring to quantify and characterize GNSS signal anomalies. Multipath represents a significant error source that hinders these high fidelity signal quality monitoring activities. Currently, multipath at monitoring stations is addressed by careful antenna siting and the use of azimuth and elevation-based masking. However, as urban development around airports and other monitoring installations continues to occur, these solutions may not suffice and more aggressive multipath mitigation technologies are needed. This paper explores the use of Correlator Beamforming as a potential solution. Correlator Beamforming multiplexes the received signals from a multi-element antenna into a single data stream and forms independent beams towards satellites as part of the GNSS receiver’s correlation processing. The resulting attenuation at off-beam directions has been shown to reject multipath almost as effectively as a traditional controlled reception pattern antenna (CRPA) digital beamformer, but at a fraction of the cost of the latter. This paper compares the relative multipath rejection performance of four antenna-receiver topologies: 1) a single element antenna and typical receiver processing, 2) a geodetic-grade antenna and typical receiver processing, 3) a multi-element antenna and traditional CRPA beamforming, 4) the same multi-element antenna and Correlator Beamforming. The effects of multipath are analyzed in terms of carrier-to-noise ratio fading, de-trended code-carrier divergence, and three-dimensional position solution errors. The results presented in this paper are relevant for all GNSS monitoring applications.

This article evaluates the compositional aesthetic of the Yale-educated, Virgil Thomson-trained Australian composer Graeme Koehne (b. 1956). Focusing on three recent works by Koehne (In-Flight Entertainment, The Ringtone Cycle , and Mass for the Middle Aged) , the study maps his aesthetic and praxis onto philosophical, intellectual, and aesthetic strategies aligned with the everyday, or quotidian, and its artistic expression. Philosophically, Koehne’s creative locus intersects with the idea of the ecstatic quotidian, as articulated by Jennifer Anna Gosetti-Ferencei. Intellectually, the world that the three works inhabit can no longer be described accurately as postmodern. Koehne’s approach is to chronicle the vicissitudes of life in what Gilles Lipovetsky argues is today’s hypermodern world. Like Marc Auge in his promotion of a more anthropologically orientated supermodernity, Lipovetsky is concerned, as is Koehne, with the way we as individuals negotiate the complexities, excesses, paradoxes, and anxieties of twenty-first-century life. It is argued that Koehne’s music has much in common aesthetically with the neo-realism that has emerged in literary circles as a counterweight to postmodernism. In so doing, the essay encourages a re-evaluation of notions of postmodernity as they are applied to music.

The development of a system for the digital publication of music is rapidly moving from the realm of fantasy to immediate reality. But a number of significant hurdles impede the development of an efficient and effective system for delivering music digitally, not the least being the current inconsistencies and idiosyncrasies which abound in the referencing systems of published music around the globe. Using the knowledge gained from developing a system to represent the diverse catalogues of many music publishers in his Zinfonia publisher portal, Peter Grimshaw of BTM Innovation has developed a Universal Instrumentation Code which reconciles the various styles by which information about published music is categorised and represented. As outlined here, the Code enables significant new functionality to support the digital publication of music.