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The article provides a comprehensive overview of the presence and treatment of enslaved Africans and people of African descent in various regions, including Macau, China, Japan, and Korea, during the early modern period. It explores historical records, such as baptismal records, to shed light on the experiences of enslaved individuals and their interactions with local communities. The text also discusses the stereotypes and representations of Black people in art and literature during this time. The author emphasizes the need to include East Asia in global histories of slavery and highlights the connections between slavery in Macau and the Iberian world. [Extracted from the article]

The aim of this article is to study the dynamics of development of both the global and national market of container transportation. One of the ways to increase the efficiency of transportation is the rational organization of the work of ships, taking into account the needs and requirements of the market, both of service consumers and of the carriers themselves. The increase in demand for container transportation of goods and the rapid growth of the container capacity of container ships led to a change in approaches to the organization of their work. Thus, the number of ports of call on main lines has begun to decrease. In addition, the movement patterns on them have become almost asymmetrical. Individual lines began to serve at their own container terminals in ports of call, or at terminals that have an agreement to serve only their vessels. Vessels with smaller container capacities were pushed onto feeder lines calling at hub ports located at the intersection of main services and regional ports. In addition, there are changes in the structure of cargo flows, the organization of lines, ports of call and cooperation between transportation participants, the division of the global transportation market into segments served by certain operators, changes in the role of hub ports in delivery schemes depending on the corresponding ports of call on the lines and container capacity vessels serving them. These changes occur under the influence of not only the construction of mega-sized ships, pandemics, piracy, military operations and affect not only the economy of a certain country, but also the global economy as a whole, political, social, geographical and transport, ecological and other spheres of human activity. Research of various factors on the changes taking place in the container transportation market will allow predicting and, possibly, leveling the consequences of their influence in the future. Prospects for further research in this direction are the identification of the main reference points at which significant changes in container transportation took place, the identification of factors that had an impact and the modeling of both individual situations and their interaction as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We live in a world where we face countless crises and directly experience armed conflicts. The seas, such as the Red Sea, the Black Sea, and South China Sea hold strategic importance in these crises and conflicts. The sea is a unique and challenging environment, considering both its distinct physical characteristics and the jurisdictional issues. At sea, human rights can be compromised in various ways, and these cases often go unreported or they lack sufficient public awareness. It is also an expansive area to monitor, and the effectiveness of the police or military forces is sometimes hindered by limited resources or the reluctance to take action due to the non-compliance with legal regulations. It is the responsibility of the international community to encourage the authorities to prosecute the perpetrators by establishing a legal framework that effectively safeguards human rights and can be enforced by state authorities. This paper aims to explore the challenges of enforcing human rights during the arrest and detention process in cases of transnational crimes or violations of international law, such as piracy, terrorism, and drug trafficking committed on sea, involving the case law of the European Court of Human Rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This annotated bibliography highlights new Arabic-language publications in critical Arab scholarship. It includes reviews of two books. The first book, "Russia, China, and partnership for a new era: incentives and constraints" by Nouran Awadin, examines the impact of Russian-Chinese relations on the international system and the potential for a multipolar world order. The second book, "Geopolitics of the Mediterranean Basin: Delimitation of Maritime Boundaries and Issues of International Peace and Security" by a group of authors, explores the strategic importance of the Mediterranean Basin and the demarcation of maritime borders in the region. Additionally, the article provides synopses of three other new Arabic-language publications. The first book discusses the development of political and economic relations between China and Saudi Arabia, emphasizing the religious and economic significance of Saudi Arabia to China. The second book delves into the concept of equality in the Arab Islamic community, presenting arguments for and against equality and emphasizing its importance for justice. Lastly, the third book focuses on citizenship values and education, examining the rights and responsibilities of citizens and the challenges faced in promoting citizenship values in Arab pluralistic societies. [Extracted from the article]

According to Republic of Indonesia Law No. 34 of 2004 addressing the INAF, the duties of the Indonesian Navy are outlined in Article 9 paragraph (e): to implement Dawilhanla. Dawilhanla is the empowerment of coastal communities through Binpotmar, which is implemented by Lantamal III/JKT in Banyuasin regency, South Sumatra, coastal areas represented by Bungakarang Village, Tanjung Lago regency, Marga Sungsang, Sungsang I-IV, Pili Village, Banyuasin II regency. The purpose of organizing the Empowerment of Maritime Defense areas is: in the perspective of Hanneg's interests is to prepare maritime defense areas and support forces as early as possible to win the conflict. From a community perspective, it aims to assist in overcoming community challenges and improving the welfare of maritime communities. The purpose of this research is to analyze Lantamal/JKT's strategy for empowering marine defense areas to improve the welfare of fishing communities in Banyuasin regency, South Sumatra, as well as to develop a model of this strategy. The research employed a qualitative research approach. Data was collected from designated informants and analyzed using qualitative techniques. The findings of research on coastal community empowerment are limited by only providing assistance to fishermen, which is not optimal considering the limited budget. Synergy between agencies is not implemented in a sustainable manner that meets the needs of the fishing community. The conclusion of the implementation of the coastal community empowerment strategy to increase the income of coastal communities/fishermen in Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra Province, was not successful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fishing is a crucial economic activity in Indonesia, supporting millions of people's livelihoods and food security. However, it is also one of the most hazardous occupations, exposing workers to various risks of accidents, injuries, and fatalities. Fishing vessel accidents can severely affect crew members, vessels, and marine ecosystems, resulting in human losses, economic damage, environmental impacts, and social problems. This study aims to analyze the types, locations, and causes of fishing vessel accidents in Indonesia, using data from various sources, such as official reports, maritime authorities, and news articles. The results show that the most common types of accidents are drowning, burning, and injury or death of ship crew. The most frequent locations of accidents are the Java Sea and the Malacca Strait. The main causes of accidents are human error, weather conditions, technical factors, and environmental factors. The study concludes that fishing vessel safety is a complex issue that requires a comprehensive and collaborative approach involving various stakeholders. The study also suggests possible solutions to improve fishing vessel safety, such as improved design and construction standards, enhanced weather forecasting and warning services, effective safety management systems, and behaviour change interventions. This study contributes to the literature on fishing vessel accidents and provides valuable insights for policymakers, stakeholders, and researchers in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work analyses the activities of Genoese merchant communities in the grain trade in western Mediterranean markets. Our goal is to shed light on their ability to integrate into foreign lands, taking advantage of their privileged position within the Spanish Crown. Our analysis is focussed on two case studies, strictly connected from a theoretical point of view: Sicily and Tabarka. Both Genoese minorities living on these two islands used the port of Genoa as their commercial hub. Regarding Sicily, this study has mostly drawn information from a yet unexploited source: general average procedures drawn up in Genoa. General average (GA) was (and still is nowadays) a legal instrument used in maritime trade to share between all parties involved the expenses which can befall ships and cargoes from the time of their loading aboard until their unloading (due to accidents, jettison, etc.). These documents have been collected in an online database soon to be published as part of the ERC-funded AveTransRisk project. They offer valuable insights on shipmasters and merchants, cargo values, ports of destination, wheat prices, etc. All the sources are available on the online database resulting from the AveTransRisk project, of which we are members (). For the trade in North African wheat, we have mostly used documents related to the Genoese 'colony' of Tabarka, administered by the Lomellini family. These sources are kept in the Genoese archives as well as in the Archives Nationales of Paris. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entrepreneurship is often understood as an individualistic endeavour. This article investigates how cultural communities shape entrepreneurial activity through the process of envisioning competing imagined futures. By deploying a microhistorical approach, it explores a public debate about the transition from sail to steam in a late nineteenth-century Danish maritime community. In the debate, local actors evaluated and negotiated future entrepreneurial actions as embedded in existing norms, interpretations of the past, and socio-technical systems rather than independent, non-conformist ventures. The article demonstrates the potential role of community when we attempt to understand better how entrepreneurs construct and dispute over imagined futures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ships generating waste pose a significant environmental challenge in the maritime sector. This research aims to assess how effectively waste management practices are implemented by maritime personnel to mitigate the environmental impacts of onboard waste. Data gathered from survey questionnaires were analyzed using a quantitative research design, focusing on responses from chief officers and second engineers of ships. A four-point Likert scale was employed, and results were evaluated using frequency percentages, weighted means, and the Chi-square statistical analysis. The study aimed to profile the ship's crew and evaluate the implementation of waste management strategies, particularly regarding waste management plans and waste disposal onshore and ship-to-shore. The findings indicate that waste management implementation at the Port of Surigao's ships was fully achieved. These results underscore the importance of comprehensive waste management systems and training to ensure consistency in perceptions and practices among maritime officers. Therefore, the researchers suggested that ship operators can reduce environmental impact and promote sustainability in the maritime industry by developing a comprehensive waste management plan, providing crew training, installing effective waste segregation facilities, implementing recycling initiatives, and conducting regular audits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the gender equality barriers among maritime students in the Philippines, focusing on the influence of ethnicity and age on perceptions of these barriers. Utilizing a descriptive correlational method, the research involved 554 student respondents from the Merchant Marine Academy of Caraga, Inc. (MMACI). The study employed a questionnaire adapted from Fidan et al. (2020) to assess perceptions of structural and social barriers. The findings reveal significant gender disparities in the maritime education sector, with males dominating both BS Marine Engineering (BSMarE) and BS Marine Transportation (BSMT) programs. The study also highlights the interconnected nature of structural and social barriers, emphasizing the need for comprehensive interventions to promote inclusivity and equity. Additionally, the research identifies variations in perceptions of gender equality barriers based on ethnicity, particularly among BSMarE students. The study concludes by proposing an action plan to promote gender and development programs in the College of Maritime Education, emphasizing awareness, policy revisions, training, mentorship, and industry collaboration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elizabeth Moore, an esteemed professor in the Department of the History of Art and Archaeology at SOAS University of London, has sadly passed away. She was widely recognized for her expertise in Southeast Asian art and archaeology and had been a valued member of the editorial board of Indonesia and the Malay World for over three decades. Moore's research primarily focused on Southeast Asia, with a particular emphasis on Myanmar, Thailand, and Cambodia. Her extensive knowledge encompassed both mainland and maritime regions of the area. Through her publications and teaching, Moore made significant contributions to the field, and she generously donated around 150 objects to SOAS, which are now part of the Teaching and Handling Collection. The text serves as an obituary for Elizabeth Howard Moore, a highly respected scholar and educator in the field of Southeast Asian art and archaeology. The author shares their personal experience as a student in Moore's course and commends her dedication to active engagement and open dialogue. Moore's impact on the study and teaching of Southeast Asia is emphasized, as well as her comprehensive approach to understanding the region's heritage and culture. The author expresses their sorrow at her passing and acknowledges the support and contributions of Moore's family, friends, colleagues, and students in writing the obituary. [Extracted from the article]

This article explores what it means to exist in the world as selfdescribed “sea people”. Coming and going was formerly a constant feature of everyday life; specific places functioned more as navigational bearings than as settlement sites or sources of collective identity, and communities were defined by social networks and trajectories of travel. The Sama Dilaut world was one of “stasis in motion” in which individuals located themselves by directional coordinates and seasonal cycles in constant rotation. Sama Dilaut origins are related to the formation of maritime trading states whose wealth derived largely from outside “state space” and from relations with mobile groups like the Sama Dilaut community described here whose movements subverted the boundaries between “state” and “non-state space”. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The maritime pilgrimage of Our Lady of Tarac in the Kornati islands, Dalmatia, Croatia, is held on the first Sunday in July. The culture of these island communities is based on a patriarchal system that implies gender inequality. This cultural order has an impact on the construction of gender and religious identities in children and adults when they participate in pilgrimages. The basic methodological approach of the paper is autoethnography. The author concludes that the model of cryptomatriarchy along with the dominant patriarchy well explains well the role of women/mothers and grandmothers in the context of the pilgrimage. The pilgrimage also serves as a framework for transferring gender roles to children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, public displays of both humans and animals helped to reinforce a sense of natural order and progress in the rapidly developing United States. By placing the perceived primitive and natural world on display, a contrast could be made to the quickly modernizing nation. This article addresses two public exhibitions of whales held in the American Midwest – the 1880 Pioneer Inland Whaling Association's traveling whale show helmed by Newton and the Smithsonian Institution's full cast of a blue whale displayed at the 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition. Both exhibitions provided the opportunity for audiences living far from the ocean to encounter whales' bodies, a feat that merged showmanship, spectacle, and science. As deceased whales were transformed for display, they took on new meanings in their afterlives. Occurring at a moment of growth in entertainment, industry, and science, the Pioneer Inland Whaling Association's whale show emphasized tourist spectacle and novelty, while the Smithsonian Institution's exhibition reinforced prevailing ideas about natural history and American exceptionalism. Though faced with limitations, these exhibitions touted the scale and spectacle of their subject, indicating how whales emerged as a distinct category of display. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the dynamic realm of international relations, maritime security holds enduring significance, particularly within the ever- evolving Indo- Pacific sphere. This research article aims to assess the trajectory of maritime security in the Indo- Pacific region up to the year 2040, with a specific emphasis on the shifting geopolitical landscape. Given the escalating strategic significance of the Indo- Pacific, comprehending the diverse challenges affecting the area is of utmost importance. Accordingly, this article examines the roles of pivotal actors such as China and the United States in addressing both existing and potential traditional and nontraditional security concerns through the lens of Alfred Thayer Mahan's theory of sea power. It seeks to illuminate regional cooperation mechanisms and their efficacy in addressing security challenges, notably considering emerging technologies' impact on naval strategies, cybersecurity, and environmental concerns. Finally, by navigating the intricate waters of regional security challenges, this research endeavors to outline potential strategies and solutions to safeguard maritime interests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent scholarship in law and society has engaged in novel ways with maritime spaces, articulating how they inform legal theory more broadly. This essay builds on such scholarship, and on a broad-brushed survey of maritime history, to make two basic arguments. First, a look at political and legal processes regarding maritime spaces reveals that law is transnational 'all the way down'. Legal theorists often assume that transnational legal processes are an added layer beyond domestic and international law. But the maritime perspective reveals that transnationalism comes first, both analytically and historically, as a constant negotiation of the relationship between what is 'inside' and what is 'outside' a polity. Second, the maritime space begins, at least in dominant legal traditions, as an absolute exteriority – imagined as outside or beyond polities and jurisdictions. But with the climate crisis and the emergence of the Anthropocene we may observe an inversion, the sea now appears as a record of harmful human activity; a mirror showing a troublesome collective portrait of humanity. The inversion from a maritime exteriority to the intimacy of ubiquitous environmental harm defines the parameters of law and politics today. The essay concludes with reflections on how the maritime perspective may best be engaged today in responding to that image through political action. It conceptualizes what I call the 'commonist lifeboat' – a model of bottom-up universalism for tumultuous times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Socio-cultural dimensions and values in maritime spatial planning (MSP) are gaining momentum worldwide and especially in the European Union (EU), since it is acknowledged that they are the "missing layer" of maritime spatial plans (MSPlans). These values are partly explored through cultural ecosystem services (CES). Coastal and marine CES refer to the benefits that humans derive from the coastal and marine environments in recreational, artistic, spiritual, and educational terms. They reflect the ways in which coastal and marine ecosystems contribute to human well-being, cultural identity, and interactions with nature. The research question is how to map and assess coastal/marine ecosystem services and to integrate them in the MSPlans. Thus, this systematic review sheds light on methodological and technical issues with CES mapping and assessment and provides guidance on how to incorporate CES in MSP for future research. Publications dealing with the spatial aspects of CES were examined with an extra focus on participatory mapping approaches. Initially, 199 articles were identified, and 50 articles were ultimately eligible for the analysis. Papers were concentrated in the European Atlantic, whilst their scope was either local or regional. A large number of articles consider the contribution of CES to efficient marine management rather than to achieving an integrated and coordinated MSP. Social and mixed mapping approaches were met with the most often, especially participatory mapping approaches. Also, non-monetary valuation was prevailing, and a multitude of techniques, tools, and statistical software were used. In most of the cases, the distribution of values in relation to environmental, socio-economic, and demographic factors was examined. This article concludes that an effective integration of CES into MSP is crucial for creating prospects of a more sustainable and inclusive approach to coastal/marine planning and for the well-being of ecosystems and communities both currently and for future generations. This knowledge should become "property" of the maritime spatial planners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The book "Turkish–Greek relations: foreign policy in a securitisation framework" by Cihan Dizdaroğlu examines the bilateral relations between Turkey and Greece over the past three decades using the theoretical framework of the Copenhagen School. The book is divided into three parts, focusing on the post-Cold War period, the subsequent rapprochement, and recent political developments after the 2016 coup. Dizdaroğlu's contribution lies in his application of both securitization and de-securitization frameworks, as well as his analysis of the historical continuities and discontinuities in the foreign policy approaches of both countries. The book covers contentious issues such as disputes in the Aegean Sea, the Cyprus problem, and the capture of Abdullah Öcalan, leader of the PKK. It also explores the transformation of relations from securitization to a more cooperative discourse, although unresolved issues and recent events have led to a resurgence of securitization. The emerging conflict over hydrocarbon resources and maritime delimitation in the Eastern Mediterranean is a significant factor in the current state of Turkish-Greek relations. While the book primarily focuses on Turkey's perspective, it provides valuable insights into the historical and contemporary relations between the two countries. [Extracted from the article]

Graydon Read Henning, an economic historian specializing in Australian economic history and maritime transport, passed away in 2023. He was a founding member of the Australian Association for Maritime History and served as Editor of their journal, The Great Circle. Henning also represented Australia on the International Commission for Maritime History and played a crucial role in merging the commission with the International Maritime History Association. He was known for his friendly and congenial nature and his dedication to the field of maritime history. [Extracted from the article]

This document is a book review from the International Journal of Maritime History. The review discusses James Seth's book, "Maritime Musicians and Performers on Early Modern English Voyages: The Lives of the Seafaring Middle Class." Seth's study explores the role of maritime musicians and performers on English voyages from the mid-sixteenth to early eighteenth century. The book examines the instruments used onboard ships, the specific functions of music in the lives of sailors, and the performances of maritime musicians. Seth argues that these musicians occupied a unique position, navigating sociocultural differences and contributing to the success of the British Empire. While the book provides valuable insights into maritime history, it could benefit from clearer explanations and a broader range of sources. [Extracted from the article]

The article is a book review of "Demarcating Japan: Imperialism, Islanders, and Mobility, 1855–1884" by Takahiro Yamamoto. The book explores the border politics of Japan in the second half of the 19th century, focusing on five contested border zones. It delves into individual life stories and conversations to shed light on the territorialization of the Japanese state and the role of mobility in shaping its borders. The review praises the author's attention to detail and highlights the potential of this approach for historians of Japan and maritime history. [Extracted from the article]

In the book review titled "Reckoning with Slavery: Gender, Kinship and Capitalism in the Early Black Atlantic" by Jennifer L. Morgan, the author explores the role of enslaved women and their children in the rise of slavery and capitalism in the Atlantic. The book examines the intersections of gender, kinship, and capitalism, particularly in relation to maritime history. It challenges long-held assumptions and highlights the limitations of archival evidence, emphasizing the importance of considering the experiences of enslaved women. The book provides valuable insights for researchers interested in the history of slavery, capitalism, and the Atlantic World. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the role of private maritime-security companies (PMSCs) in twenty-first-century maritime security. It highlights the historical use of nonstate actors in maritime warfare and security, such as privateers and mercantile companies. The article explores how PMSCs have emerged as market-based solutions to combat piracy and other maritime-security threats. It also discusses the increasing acceptance and use of PMSCs by flag states for maritime-security purposes. The article suggests that PMSCs may have a broader role in addressing maritime-security issues beyond piracy. [Extracted from the article]

The fifty-year period since UNESCO announced its 'Decades' devoted to the oceans has witnessed some deep changes in ocean geopolitics: a new international community made up of a greater number of nation-states that have transformed their territorial bases through the inclusion of large maritime jurisdictions. This, and the decline in the international regulatory ideal, have led to marine governance being addressed very differently from the way it was in the 1970s and presenting a challenge for the future governance of the oceans. This article explores the political change that has occurred during this time and focuses on the State, its maritime territory and the effects of jurisdictional expansion. Methodologically, the geopolitical focus is framed in geographical premises supported with data prepared by the author and premises formulated in the fields of law and political science. The conclusions include some of the effects of unilateral action in marine governance and show that differences and inequalities are the most visible aspects of this new marine territoriality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The document titled "Index" is a list of names, organizations, and topics related to disability and medical history. It includes references to individuals, organizations, and specific subjects, making it a valuable resource for researchers interested in exploring disability and medical history. [Extracted from the article]

Many people embark and disembark on merchant ships to perform various duties while ships are moored in ports. Some units, such as marine pilots and coast guards, must board and disembark the ships while they are underway. Boarding and disembarking from ships include some dangers that could result in serious injury or even death. Regulations for pilot boarding arrangements have been developed by organizations such as IMO, ICS, and IMPA to reduce risks. At each Port State Control, Class, and P&I inspection, the condition of the pilot ladders and the accommodation ladders of the ships is inspected. The situation can be much more complicated and risky for boarding parties that have to board ships underway in extraordinary situations such as when pirates or terrorists had full control of the ship. Thus, there is a need for a model, which can identify the importance weightings for each contributing factor that is involved in boarding casualties. This study introduces a technique to identify risk factors for boarding parties through fuzzy Bayesian Networks (FBN). The findings of this research are expected to help boarding parties develop new strategies for their highly risky Opposed Boarding tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the political, economic, social, and cultural importance of piracy, images of Atlantic piracy and privateering are rarely represented in seventeenth century Dutch visual culture. The illustrations created by Herman Padtbrugge for A.O. Exquemelin's De Americaensche Zee-Roovers are a rare exception. The bestselling book, with its firsthand account of life as a buccaneer, was widely distributed throughout Europe and formed the basis of both our historical understanding of Caribbean piracy and its place in our poetic imagination. The transient distinction between piracy and privateering is linked to the cultural perception of the high seas as a freer, more open space, despite its increasing regulation and militarization. This article explores how the pictorial conventions used in the portrayal of pirates reflect their role as liminal figures -- constantly shifting between licit and illicit, Old and New Worlds, and national affiliations -- in the multicultural, rapidly evolving, and violent colonial context. Padtbrugge's portraits borrow the visual language of the cult of naval heroes, only altering a few iconographical markers to indicate on which side of the law the subject and his actions fell upon. The minor nature of these differences reflects how heroic privateering in the service of national interests and criminal piracy in service of the individual were two sides of the same coin, shedding light on the legal paradox of the state-sanctioned right to pillage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For Japan's former prime minister Abe Shinzō, security cooperation with Southeast Asia was central to preventing the South China Sea from turning into a "Lake Beijing" - completely under Chinese control. This paper explains why Abe's security engagement in the region focused mainly on providing Capacity Building Assistance (CBA) to Southeast Asian coast guards agencies to counter China's maritime assertiveness. Answers are provided by looking at not only international but also domestic factors. Based on key variables of post-Cold War Japan's foreign policy, namely the US-Japan alliance, the dominance of economic tools, and normative and institutional constraints on the use of force, the analysis concludes that CBA was an ideal response to the complex demands and restrictions of Japan's security policy. In particular, the economic benefits of providing CBA are an important finding of the analysis and one that has not yet received much scholarly focus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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More than 80 percent of world trade is transported by sea. Maritime piracy negatively affects international maritime transport and trade. The aim of the study is to analyze maritime piracy attacks between 2015-2022 and during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) period. In the study, a literature review, main reasons and statistics for piracy and armed robbery attacks, international efforts to combat maritime piracy were examined and maritime piracy attacks were analyzed in 2015-2022 and the COVID-19 period. The results of the main findings are as follows; the most piracy attacks occurred in 2015, the most attacks were occurred in March-April-May majority of attacks occurred between the hours 24:00-04:00, the most attacks occurred in South East Asia, the most types of attacks against to ships was boarded. Marshall Islands-flagged ships were the most attacked. There is a weak statistical relationship between the piracy attacks by months and regions and between the piracy attacks by years and type of attacks. There is no statistical relationship between other variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Houthis’ recent attacks on Merchant ships in the Red Sea have renewed focus on maritime terrorism. These attacks have pushed the global power centres to think seriously about this intensifying threat to international maritime trade and movement. South Asia, particularly India and Pakistan, have already faced the issue of marine terrorism, yet it has remained primarily a neglected field of enquiry, particularly in Pakistan. This paper aims to fill this void in the literature by critically analysing the threat of Maritime terrorism to Pakistan and how prepared it is to counter this problem. This paper attempts to dissect the threats that exist in the Arabian Sea and how maritime terrorism has the potential to push Pakistan and India into a new conflict, which may have grave consequences for the global community. The paper starts with an overview of maritime terrorism and how it has evolved over time and with technological advancements. This follows an analysis of marine terrorism incidents in India and Pakistan and how Pakistan has built up its organisational structure to cover the threats posed by it. It contends that Pakistan has a ready organisational structure; it requires improved inter-departmental coordination and more importantly, constitutional cover. In the end, the paper provides policy recommendations at the organisational, national and regional levels to address the issue of maritime terrorism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a contested Indo-Pacific region with a rising and assertive China militarily and economically, Australia must look beyond the US as the sole guarantor of its security. Australia realises the importance of maintaining the US–Australia alliance, but it must also seek other like-minded nations to ensure peace and prosperity in the region. The potential development of an enhanced Franco-Australian partnership in the Indo-Pacific presents a promising alliance against the backdrop of heightened US-China rivalry, concerns over maritime security, challenges to sovereignty and economic prosperity. Australia, as a small to medium nation in the South Pacific, must develop and expand its geostrategic partnerships. As Australia seeks to grow, expand or reinforce existing partnerships within a contested and competitive environment, the potential benefits of an enhanced Franco-Australian alliance in the Indo-Pacific are significant and worthy of careful consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of the military conflict in the Black Sea region, with implications for regional security, the approach proposes a solution to strengthen international relations by capitalising on the non-coercive potential of the naval presence on the maritime communication routes in the Black Sea, starting from the premise that the Romanian Navy is the military instrument of power through which the state projects its naval diplomacy, a mission manifested under the auspices of ways of asserting national maritime and fluvial interests. With a wide range of diplomatic instruments through which the Romanian state manifests and consolidates its geopolitical position and interests in the Black Sea and the Danube River, at the political-military level there is the possibility of using specific ways of contributing to the consolidation of regional maritime security. Practically, the proposal to carry out a regional cooperation initiative in the Black Sea, by establishing an air-land-naval battle group, under the auspices of the collaboration of allied partners, candidates, and the riverine countries of the Black Sea Extended Area. Punctually, through this approach, a solution is presented regarding the contribution of the Romanian Navy to the consolidation of regional, maritime, and fluvial security, through simple steps, resuming a previously applied model, and effectively using military instruments through regional cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of the military conflict in the Black Sea region, with implications for regional security, the approach proposes a solution to strengthen international relations by capitalising on the non-coercive potential of the naval presence on the maritime communication routes in the Black Sea, starting from the premise that the Romanian Navy is the military instrument of power through which the state projects its naval diplomacy, a mission manifested under the auspices of ways of asserting national maritime and fluvial interests. With a wide range of diplomatic instruments through which the Romanian state manifests and consolidates its geopolitical position and interests in the Black Sea and the Danube River, at the political-military level there is the possibility of using specific ways of contributing to the consolidation of regional maritime security. Practically, the proposal to carry out a regional cooperation initiative in the Black Sea, by establishing an air-land-naval battle group, under the auspices of the collaboration of allied partners, candidates, and the riverine countries of the Black Sea Extended Area. Punctually, through this approach, a solution is presented regarding the contribution of the Romanian Navy to the consolidation of regional, maritime, and fluvial security, through simple steps, resuming a previously applied model, and effectively using military instruments through regional cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quadruple whammy in West Asia since late 2023 - Israel-Gaza war and Red Sea crisis involving Al Houthis, Somali piracy, and Israel-Iran deterrence show - has tested India's equidistant foreign policy. While New Delhi has been diplomatically neutral on the political context of the crises, it has been actively involved, especially in the Red Sea and Somali piracy crises, with its navy playing a significant role to protect its own national interests. In the process, it has also helped, along with others, the global cause of free passage of trade in the Indian Ocean. This article analyses the developments that have bolstered India's evolving tag as a 'regional security provider'. It also urges India to be mindful of West Asia, especially the Gulf countries, now preferring a multi aligned policy while dealing with the United States and China, which is likely to make it a part of an evolving 'collective' security architecture rather than be its 'chief' architect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the complications in the Indian Ocean Region, which are further exacerbated by the conflicts and crises in West Asia, including the rivalry between Iran and Israel, and the rising tensions between China and Russia. The topics includes the impact of the Israel-Hamas war on regional stability, the effects of Houthi attacks on commercial shipping lanes, and the challenges posed by longstanding hotspots and unstable countries in the region, including terrorism and piracy.

The Chinese Government issued a declaration defining straight baselines between Hainan and Vietnam on 1 March 2024. In doing so, it has completed the definition of baselines off the western side of Hainan through to the terminus of the China-Vietnam land boundary on the coast. Straight baselines can be declared where the coast is complex as a result of coastal indentations or the presence of a fringe of islands along and close to the coast. They provide a simplified baseline along the coast from which to measure maritime zones. Straight baselines can also push the outer limits of the territorial sea further seaward than if 'normal' baselines are used. This article outlines China's recent announcement regarding its territorial sea baselines as well as the limits delineated from them and considers it in light of international jurisprudence and State practice on baselines. It is anticipated that China's new baselines system will not impact on the already agreed China-Vietnam maritime boundary in the Gulf of Tonkin but that China will likely face criticism about the manner in which it has drawn these baselines although there is currently little prospect of a dispute reaching international adjudication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the challenges and opportunities in African security, including terrorism, military coups, and insurgent groups. It emphasizes the need for innovative approaches to address emerging threats, such as people-centered security and climate change-related risks. The journal aims to contribute to sustained scholarship and inclusive excellence in African security. The first issue of the year includes papers on topics such as the territorial logic of Al Shabaab in Somalia and the impact of non-state armed actors on international security. Other articles explore issues such as Nigeria's role in peacekeeping and maritime security in the Gulf of Guinea. The authors use innovative methodologies and challenge mainstream approaches to examine these complex security dynamics in Africa. [Extracted from the article]

Maritime security in the Gulf of Guinea is a challenge that straddles multiple players and sectors, and crimes like piracy cause disruptions to international trade and shipping. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the global shipping industry tried to keep maritime security on the agenda, while advocating for global security assemblages, specifically, transnational policing initiatives as part of the maritime security governance. Using the notion of narratives and assemblage thinking, it is argued that although global shipping and Ghanaian state agents agree on the problem, they differ on which maritime security governance infrastructure to deploy, resulting in tensions between the two parties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Espacio, Tiempo y Forma. Serie III, Historia Medieval is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Espacio, Tiempo y Forma. Serie III, Historia Medieval is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Espacio, Tiempo y Forma. Serie III, Historia Medieval is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Derecho de la Seguridad Social, Laborum is the property of Ediciones Laborum S.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Communities of the East African coast have had a long history of international interaction. Swahili maritime networks linked African port towns across the Indian Ocean seaboard, thus enabling merchandise to reach the hinterlands of the continent. One of these Swahili towns is the ancient city of Gedi, located on the central Kenyan coast near the medieval town of Malindi. Located inshore, 6 km from the main ocean to the southeast and 3 km from Mida Creek to the southwest, Gedi's lack of seaward connectivity has perplexed scholars. To effectively function within the vibrant Indian Ocean maritime trade networks of the 10th to 16th centuries CE, Gedi needed access to the sea. Inevitably goods had to be transported overland from a port or landing place. The 'MUCH to Discover in Mida Creek' project carried out an archaeological survey around the Creek to form a broader understanding of the region's maritime past. The study identified a range of sites that evidence past coastal activity. In particular, a concentration of contemporary house sites at Chafisi near the closest point on the Creek to Gedi would suggest it may have acted as an outport for the stone town. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]