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Introduction: Abdominal surgery in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) is challenging, especially in the biologic era. The aim of this study was to evaluate factors associated with increased risk for postoperative complications in CD. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted with consecutive patients who underwent abdominal surgery for CD from January 2012 to January 2018. Results: Of 103 patients, 32% had postoperative complications. Gender, age, disease location and phenotype, hemoglobin and albumin levels, previous abdominal surgery, and preoperative optimization did not differ between the groups with or without complications. Thirty-five percent of the patients were under anti-TNF therapy, and this medication was not associated with increased risk for postoperative complications. Time since the onset of the disease was significantly higher in patients with complications (12.9 vs. 9.4, p = 0.04). In multivariate analysis, creation of ostomy and urgent surgery were the only variables independently associated with increased risk for complications (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.12–9.46 and OR 2.94, 95% CI 0.98–9.09, respectively). Conclusion: Urgent surgery for CD should preferably be performed in specialized centers, and creation of stoma is not necessarily associated with lower rate of postoperative complications but rather less severe complications.

Este estudo tem como objetivo a contextualização da luta pela terra, tomando como referência a estrutura agrária e a dinâmica da disputa territorial no Quilombo Cafundó, localizado no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Referimos também a formação do Cafundó e a alguns órgãos responsáveis pelas políticas públicas no quilombo e os conflitos das ações no desenvolvimento das titulações. Finalizamos com a estrutura agrária e a dinâmica da disputa territorial no Quilombo Cafundó, que atualmente é dividido por quatro áreas que estão dentro do reconhecimento e demarcação do território do quilombo.

Abstract Aims We studied the association between android (A) to gynoid (G) fat ratio and functional capacity (peak VO2) in male patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Methods and results We enrolled 118 male patients with HFrEF with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 25 kg/m2 with FNIH index < 0.789). The median A/G ratio was 0.55. A/G ratio > 0.55 was detected in 60 patients. Relative peak VO2 was lower in patients with A/G ratio > 0.55 than in patients with A/G ratio 0.55 to be independently associated with reduced peak VO2 adjusted for age, body mass index, LVEF, presence of sarcopenia, anabolic hormones, and haemoglobin (odds ratio 3.895, 95% confidence interval 1.030–14.730, P = 0.045). Conclusions Body fat distribution, particularly android and gynoid fat composition, together with other cofactors, might have an important adverse role on functional capacity in male patients with HFrEF. Future studies are needed to address possible mechanisms involved in this relationship.

O presente texto objetiva relatar as experiências de um projeto de extensão realizado pela Universidade Federal de Alfenas em parceria com a Empresa de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural do Estado de Minas Gerais (EMATER-MG), regional de Alfenas, visando implantar e avaliar 12 unidades experimentais em municípios com tradição leiteira da região Sul de Minas Gerais, com o objetivo de adaptar sistemas de integração lavoura-pecuária-floresta (ILPF) para as realidades locais, recuperando áreas degradadas, intensificando a utilização das pastagens e implementando áreas de proteção em nascentes e/ou vegetação ciliar. Foram realizados 4 dias de campo, com a capacitação de 138 produtores rurais, além da utilização dessas propriedades em cursos em bovinocultura e meio ambiente para produtores e técnicos. Os sistemas ILPF apresentam-se como alternativas viáveis para melhoria da geração de renda e serviços ambientais nas propriedades, respeitando-se as exigências impostas pela legislação ambiental. Dessa forma, o produtor rural e a sociedade são beneficiados com a preservação do meio ambiente. Houve efetiva construção do conhecimento entre agricultores familiares, a comunidade atendida, acadêmicos, docentes e técnicos da EMATER-MG.

Abstract Aims The definition of sarcopenia based on appendicular lean mass/height (2) (ALM/height (2)) is often used, although it can underestimate the prevalence of sarcopenia in overweight/obese patients with heart failure. Therefore, new methods have been proposed to overcome this limitation. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of sarcopenia by three methods and compare body composition in this population. Methods and results We enrolled 168 male patients with heart failure (left ventricular ejection fraction

ABSTRACT Introduction: The objectives of this study are to experimentally evaluate the haemostatic effects of two organic substances, a membrane of chitosan and a collagen sponge coated with thrombin and human fibrinogen (TachoSil®), in sealing 7-0 needle stitches holes on the femoral arteries of rats as well as to evaluate local histological reactions. Methods: Twenty-four rats were included, and four holes were made in each common femoral artery. In the control group, haemostasis was achieved only by compression with gauze sponge; and in the two other groups, haemostasis was achieved with application of one of these two substances. Results: Membrane of chitosan and TachoSil® showed a power to reduce the time to achieve haemostasis compared with the control group (P=0.001), and the haemostatic effects of these two substances were comparable. There was lower blood loss in the groups where these two substances were used when compared with the control group, but no difference was found comparing the two substances. Conclusion: The use of these sealants did not promote more adhesion or local histological reactions when compared to the control group. Since chitosan is easy to find in nature, has a positive effect to promote haemostasis, and did not bring considerable local reactions, it might be used as a sealant in cardiovascular surgery.

Sarcopenia is an emerging clinical condition determined by the reduction in physical function and muscle mass, being a health concern since it impairs quality of life and survival. Exercise training is a well-known approach to improve physical capacities and body composition, hence managing sarcopenia progression and worsening. However, it may be an ineffective treatment for many elderly with exercise-intolerant conditions. Thus, the use of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) may be a plausible strategy, since these drugs can increase physical function and muscle mass. The decision to initiate AAS treatment should be guided by an evidence-based patient-centric perspective, once the balance between risks and benefits may change depending on the clinical condition coexisting with sarcopenia. This mini-review points out a critical appraisal of evidence and limitation of exercise training and AAS to treat sarcopenia.

A erosão do solo é o processo causado por um agente erosivo, que age sob o solo, a precipitação, sendo a razão do processo erosivo hídrico, onde ocorre desprendimento e o transporte pelo escoamento superficial de partículas do solo, este fenômeno depende da intensidade, frequência e duração dos eventos em uma determinada região. O município de Piaçabuçu está localizado na região do baixo São Francisco Alagoano, desta forma, objetivou-se determinar os índices de erosividade das chuvas através dos dados pluviométricos para o município de Piaçabuçu – AL, no período de 1943 a 1985. Os referidos dados foram tabulados para cálculo da chuva, o coeficiente de chuva e sua relação a erosividade utilizando seis equações. O município de Piaçabuçu apresenta uma distribuição pluviométrica anual média de 1128,52 mm, para o período de observação de 42 anos, apresentando uma ampla variação de distribuição da precipitação pluviométrica ao longo dos anos, com o período chuvoso concentrado nos meses de abril a agosto, apresentando valores médios acima da média, neste período precipitou mais de 70% das chuvas para o município. Todos os seis modelos de estimativas da erosividade apresentaram correlação considerada alta, o que os capacita para a estimativa da erosividade do município em estudo.

RNA viruses are known to induce a wide variety of respiratory tract illnesses, from simple colds to the latest coronavirus pandemic, causing effects on public health and the economy worldwide. Influenza virus (IV), parainfluenza virus (PIV), metapneumovirus (MPV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), rhinovirus (RhV), and coronavirus (CoV) are some of the most notable RNA viruses. Despite efforts, due to the high mutation rate, there are still no effective and scalable treatments that accompany the rapid emergence of new diseases associated with respiratory RNA viruses. Host-directed therapies have been applied to combat RNA virus infections by interfering with host cell factors that enhance the ability of immune cells to respond against those pathogens. The reprogramming of immune cell metabolism has recently emerged as a central mechanism in orchestrated immunity against respiratory viruses. Therefore, understanding the metabolic signature of immune cells during virus infection may be a promising tool for developing host-directed therapies. In this review, we revisit recent findings on the immunometabolic modulation in response to infection and discuss how these metabolic pathways may be used as targets for new therapies to combat illnesses caused by respiratory RNA viruses.

Introduction: Planetary health (PH) has emerged as a leading field for raising awareness, debating, and finding solutions for the health impacts of human-caused disruptions to Earth's natural systems. PH education addresses essential questions of how humanity inhabits Earth, and how humans affect, and are affected by, natural systems. A pilot massive open online course (MOOC) in PH was created in Brazil in 2020. This MOOC capitalized on the global online pivot, to make the course accessible to a broader audience. This study describes the process of course creation and development and assesses the impact evaluation data and student outcomes of the PH MOOC.Methods: The PH MOOC pilot was launched in Brazilian Portuguese, using the TelessaúdeRS-UFRGS platform on 4/27/2020 and concluded on 7/19/2020 with a total load of 80 h. It was composed of 8 content modules, pre and post-test, 10 topics in a forum discussion, and an optional action plan. This study analyzes the course database, profile of participants, answers to questionnaires, forum interaction, and action plans submitted.Results: Two thousand seven hundred seventy-seven participants enrolled in the course, of which 1,237 (44.54%) gave informed consent for this study. Of the 1,237 participants who agreed to participate in the research, 614 (49.8%) completed the course, and 569 (92.67%) were accredited by TelessaúdeRS-UFRGS. The majority of the participants were concerned with climate change, trained in the health area, and worked in primary health care in places that lacked ongoing sustainability programs. Two hundred forty-one action plans were submitted, major topics identified were food and nutrition, infectious diseases, and garbage and recycling.Discussion: The use of the PH lens and open perspective of the course centered the need to communicate planetary health topics to individuals. The local plans reflected the motto of “think global and act local.” Brazil presents a context of an unprecedented social, political, and environmental crisis, with massive deforestation, extensive fires, and biomass burning altering the biomes, on top of an ongoing necropolitical infodemic and COVID-19 pandemic. In the face of these multiple challenges, this MOOC offers a timely resource for health professionals and communities, encouraging them to address planetary challenges as fundamental health determinants.

ABSTRACT Purpose: to analyze synchronous teleconsultation as a support tool in the management of temporomandibular disorders in primary health care and to identify which factors have an impact on decisions about teleconsultation. Methods: retrospective study perfomed in TelessaúdeRS, between May 2018 to May 2020. This study used primary data from synchronous teleconsultation, requested by primary health care professionals and carried out by multiprofessional teleconsultants. The data collected were the information reported by the requester, the teleconsultant's suggestions and if there was referral of the patient for specialized care after teleconsultation. The statistical association was investigated between patient characteristics and decision of teleconsultation; and teleconsultation conduct suggestions and decision of teleconsultation, using Fisher's exact test and modeling was performed using binary logistic regression considering 5% of significance (p≤0.05). Results: during the period, 56 teleconsultations had a temporomandibular diagnostic hypothesis, these 79.2% patients were female and the average age was 43.7 years. In 59.1% of teleconsultations, primary care management was suggested, with 72.4% of patients being managed. An association was found between the decision of teleconsultation and referral to specialized care (p

Quercetin is a dietary flavonoid present in vegetables, fruits, and beverages, such as onions, apples, broccoli, berries, citrus fruits, tea, and red wine. Flavonoids have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, acting in the prevention of several diseases. Quercetin also has neuroprotective properties and may exert a beneficial effect on nervous tissue. In this literature review, we compiled in vivo studies that investigated the effect of quercetin on regeneration and functional recovery of the central and peripheral nervous system. In spinal cord injuries (SCI), quercetin administration favored axonal regeneration and recovery of locomotor capacity, significantly improving electrophysiological parameters. Quercetin reduced edema, neutrophil infiltration, cystic cavity formation, reactive oxygen species production, and pro-inflammatory cytokine synthesis, while favoring an increase in levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, minimizing tissue damage in SCI models. In addition, the association of quercetin with mesenchymal stromal cells transplantation had a synergistic neuroprotective effect on spinal cord injury. Similarly, in sciatic nerve injuries, quercetin favored and accelerated sensory and motor recovery, reducing muscle atrophy. In these models, quercetin significantly inhibited oxidative stress and cell apoptosis, favoring Schwann cell proliferation and nerve fiber remyelination, thus promoting a significant increase in the number and diameter of myelinated fibers. Although there is still a lack of clinical research, in vivo studies have shown that quercetin contributed to the recovery of neurological functions, exerting a beneficial effect on the regeneration of the central and peripheral nervous system.

Background and Objectives: The spinous foramen (FS) of the skull is an opening located in the greater wing of the sphenoid bone at the base of the skull, and it includes the middle meningeal vessels and the meningeal branch of the mandibular trigeminal nerve. The FS is commonly used as an anatomical landmark in neurosurgical procedures and neuroimaging of the middle cranial fossa because of its relationship with other cranial foramina and surrounding vascular and nervous structures. Thus, specific knowledge of its topography and possible anatomical variations is important regarding some surgical interventions and skull imaging. The aim of this study was to provide further details on the morphology of the FS of the skull by evaluating its topographic and morphometric relationships and correlating the findings with clinical practice. Materials and Methods: Thirty dried skulls of human skeletons from body donors from the collection of the Laboratory of Anatomical Microdissection at a medical school were used. The metric dimensions and variations of the FS and its relationship with adjacent bone structures were analyzed with an interface digital microscope. Results: The results showed the bilateral presence of the FS in all skulls; however, differences were observed in the shape, diameter, and topography in relation to the foramen ovale and the spine of the sphenoid. The FS was present in the greater wing of the sphenoid bone; however, in one skull, it was located in the lateral lamina of the pterygoid process. The FS was smaller than the foramen ovale. A round and oval FS shape was the most common (42.1% and 32.8% of the samples, respectively), followed by drop-shaped (12.5%) and irregular-shaped (12.5%) foramina. Conclusions: In conclusion, FS variations among individuals are common and must be considered by surgeons during skull base interventions in order to avoid accidents and postoperative complications.

ABSTRACT Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have potentially significant application in agriculture and, with the emergence of the digital farming era and Agriculture 4.0, this platform has become increasingly important. UAV imagery may improve or even replace routine data surveys, as well as optimize phytosanitary product application. High-spatial resolution imagery makes UAVs attractive for several applications where traditional satellite sensing is still unsuitable. With the significant recent development of data science techniques, UAVs have a prominent position in assisting farmers for more efficient decision-making and automating agricultural processes. Thus, this work addresses the main agricultural applications of UAVs into five major topics: topographic survey, physiological assessments, biophysical assessments, monitoring of biological targets, and spraying of phytosanitary products and application of bio inputs.

ABSTRACT Hypothenemus hampei is the main coffee pest in the Amazon and worldwide. Although coffee cultivation exists in the State of Amazonas, there is no information regarding the behavior of this species population in this region of Brazil. Since the Amazon region is a favorable environment for H. hampei, the present study aimed to investigate this insect population in the following cultivation systems implanted in the municipality of Humaitá, Southern Amazonas: i) coffee in native forest (CNF), ii) coffee intercropped with cupuaçu and açaí (native Brazilian fruits) (CCA) and iii) coffee in monoculture (MC). Also, the climatic and phenological parameters of the plant were used in relation with the population dynamics of the insect. For that, ten baited traps were installed in each field for the monthly sampling of the H. hampei population from July/2018 to June/2019. The highest population abundance of the insect was observed during the coffee flowering season, mainly in monoculture crops, when compared to the other intercropped fields. The total mean value of the insect population observed in the three environments evaluated was highest in August/2018, with a recorded value of 1749. The increase in rainfall indexes occurred simultaneously with a decrease in the insect population; this coincides with the end of the flowering season (October/2018, 161.8 mm) and the beginning of grain formation (November/2018, 234.8 mm). The lowest abundance of the insect observed in the coffee fields in native forest, with an abundance of 83 (CNF), indicates that the local biodiversity disfavors the population size of the pest in the environment. These results suggest that phenological phases of conilon coffee and the influence of climatic conditions can result in changes in the population dynamics of the H. hampei. Coffee agroforestry systems are more promising to maintain this population at low levels.

ABSTRACT Background: Renal replacement therapy continues to be related to high hospitalization rates and poor quality of life. All-cause morbidity and mortality in renal replacement therapy in greater than 20% per year, being 44 times greater when diabetes is present, and over 10 times that of the general population. Regardless of treatment, the 5-year survival is 40%, surpassing many types of cancers. Irisin is a hormone that converts white adipose tissue into beige adipose tissue, aggregating positive effects like fat mass control, glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, prevention of muscle loss, and reduction in systemic inflammation. Objectives: To determine the serum levels of troponin I in hemodialysis patients submitted to remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) associated with irisin expression. Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial with patients with chronic kidney disease submitted to hemodialysis for a 6-month period. Troponin I, IL-6, urea, TNF-α, and creatinine levels were determined from blood samples. The expressions of irisin, thioredoxin, Nf-kb, GPX4, selenoprotein and GADPH were also evaluated by RT-PCR. Results: Samples from 14 hypertensive patients were analyzed, 9 (64.3%) of whom were type 2 diabetics, aged 44-64 years, and 50% of each sex. The difference between pre- and post-intervention levels of troponin I was not significant. No differences were verified between the RIPC and control groups, except for IL-6, although a significant correlation was observed between irisin and troponin I. Conclusion: Remote ischemic preconditioning did not modify irisin or troponin I expression, independent of the time of collection.

This work aims primarily presenting the biography of Copi, a peculiar Argentine author that is known and worldwide popularized for his eccentric and absurd style of doing theater. It also intends to bring to the light of academic studies one of his most relevant and impactful works, the entitled play Eva Perón (2000), which is characterized by making a singular reference to Argentine first lady, namesake to the play. Composing the goal of this research will be also presented suggestions on how can be conducted the study about the author and his artistic style, through the practice of intertextuality. This study will be sustained under the theoretical assumptions of the classical definitions of myth, here represented by three authors of great reference on the theme: Carl G. Jung (2002), Joseph John Campbell (2004) and Barthes (2001), as well as with the considerations made about Copi, by Jorge Monteleone (2000) and the journalists Maria Moreno (2015) and José Tcherkaski (2015), whose reports compose the publications that involve the vital and intellectual trajectory of this author who was sometimes wronged by the history and that is almost unknown in the Brazilian artistic and literacy scenarios. Through the bibliographic review this work intends to reach as a result, adding to the evolutionary direction of the pedagogical practices which involve the intertextuality supporting the literature.

O presente texto versa sobre os efeitos territoriais contemporâneos oriundos da exploração aurífera no município de Faina, Goiás-Brasil. Metodologicamente o texto apresenta revisão bibliográfica sobre o processo de formação territorial em Goiás considerando as sucessivas formas de uso e ocupação. Os dados secundários dão destaque ao papel das políticas governamentais oriundas da Metais Goiás S.A (METAGO) que proporcionaram à Orinoco Gold condições fiscais para exploração do minério de ouro. Os efeitos territoriais ocasionados apontam para o comprometimento do uso e ocupação de áreas remanescentes do Cerrado com destaque para os cursos d’agua nas áreas destinadas à assentamentos da reforma agrária no recorte da pesquisa. Palavras-chave: efeitos territoriais, mineração, ouro, Faina (GO), modernização.

Abstract Background Biological adhesion (bioadhesion), enables organisms to attach to surfaces as well as to a range of other targets. Bioadhesion evolved numerous times independently and is ubiquitous throughout the kingdoms of life. To date, investigations have focussed on various taxa of animals, plants and bacteria, but the fundamental processes underlying bioadhesion and the degree of conservation in different biological systems remain poorly understood. This study had two aims: 1) To characterise tissue-specific gene regulation in the pedal disc of the model cnidarian Exaiptasia pallida, and 2) to elucidate putative genes involved in pedal disc adhesion. Results Five hundred and forty-seven genes were differentially expressed in the pedal disc compared to the rest of the animal. Four hundred and twenty-seven genes were significantly upregulated and 120 genes were significantly downregulated. Forty-one condensed gene ontology terms and 19 protein superfamily classifications were enriched in the pedal disc. Eight condensed gene ontology terms and 11 protein superfamily classifications were depleted. Enriched superfamilies were consistent with classifications identified previously as important for the bioadhesion of unrelated marine invertebrates. A host of genes involved in regulation of extracellular matrix generation and degradation were identified, as well as others related to development and immunity. Ab initio prediction identified 173 upregulated genes that putatively code for extracellularly secreted proteins. Conclusion The analytical workflow facilitated identification of genes putatively involved in adhesion, immunity, defence and development of the E. pallida pedal disc. When defence, immunity and development-related genes were identified, those remaining corresponded most closely to formation of the extracellular matrix (ECM), implicating ECM in the adhesion of anemones to surfaces. This study therefore provides a valuable high-throughput resource for the bioadhesion community and lays a foundation for further targeted research to elucidate bioadhesion in the Cnidaria.

Remote sensing can offer stakeholders opportunities to make precise and accurate decisions on agricultural activities. For instance, farmers can exploit aircraft systems to acquire survey-level, high-resolution imagery data for crop and soil management. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze whether an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) allows for the assessment and monitoring of biofertilization of the common bean upon vegetation indices (VIs). The biological treatment of the legume crop included its inoculation with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB), namely Bacillus subtilis and B. megaterium. Indicators of photosynthetic performance, such as chlorophylls (a and b) and carotenoids, were measured from actively growing leaves to determine effectiveness. In addition, images were acquired in the field, both spatially and temporally, to establish functional relationships between biometric and computational features. Microorganisms manifested as growth-promoting agents to the crop as they significantly increased its quantities of light-harvesting pigments. VIs allowed for predicting their impact on photosynthetic performance, making them on-site markers of PSB. Therefore, this research can provide insights into the remote, non-destructive mapping of spectral changes in the common bean upon the application of PSB. Imagery data from UAV would enable producers to generate information on the crop to intervene in the field at the right time and place for improved utilization of biofertilizers.

This study reports a facile approach for constructing low-cost and remarkable electroactivity iron vanadate (Fe-V-O) semiconductor material to be used as a photoelectrochemical sensor for dopamine detection. The structure and morphology of the iron vanadate obtained by the Successive Ionic Adsorption and Reaction process were critically characterized, and the photoelectrochemical characterization showed a high photoelectroactivity of the photoanode in visible light irradiation. Under best conditions, dopamine was detected by chronoamperometry at +0.35 V vs. Ag/AgCl, achieving two linear response ranges (between 1.21 and 30.32 μmol L−1, and between 30.32 and 72.77 μmol L−1). The limits of detection and quantification were 0.34 and 1.12 μmol L−1, respectively. Besides, the accuracy of the proposed electrode was assessed by determining dopamine in artificial cerebrospinal fluid, obtaining recovery values ranging from 98.7 to 102.4%. The selectivity was also evaluated by dopamine detection against several interferent species, demonstrating good precision and promising application for the proposed method. Furthermore, DFT-based electronic structure calculations were also conducted to help the interpretation. The dominant dopamine species were determined according to the experimental conditions, and their interaction with the iron vanadate photoanode was proposed. The improved light-induced DOP detection was likewise evaluated regarding the charge transfer process.

Multispectral sensors onboard unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) have proven accurate and fast to predict sugarcane yield. However, challenges to a reliable approach still exist. In this study, we propose to predict sugarcane biometric parameters by using machine learning (ML) algorithms and multitemporal data through the analysis of multispectral images from UAV onboard sensors. The research was conducted on five varieties of sugarcane, as a way to make a robust approach. Multispectral images were collected every 40 days and the evaluated biometric parameters were: number of tillers (NT), plant height (PH), and stalk diameter (SD). Two ML models were used: multiple linear regression (MLR) and random forest (RF). The results showed that models for predicting sugarcane NT, PH, and SD using time series and ML algorithms had accurate and precise predictions. Blue, Green, and NIR spectral bands provided the best performance in predicting sugarcane biometric attributes. These findings expand the possibilities for using multispectral UAV imagery in predicting sugarcane yield, particularly by including biophysical parameters.

Abstract The genus Paratrygon, currently recognized as the sole monotypic genus of the family Potamotrygonidae, has a considerably greater diversity than previously indicated, including molecular studies, which supported P. aiereba (hitherto the only recognized species in the genus) as a possible species complex. Here we describe two new species of the genus that are both endemic to and sympatric in the Orinoco basin. Paratrygon aiereba, type species of the genus, is now restricted to the Amazon basin. Both new species are identified and defined through morphological characters such as coloration, dermal denticle morphology, arrangement of thorns, distribution and morphology of ventral lateral line canals, morphology of skeletal elements, and morphometrics. An extensive comparison of these characters between the new species herein described and P. aiereba is presented. Finally, a taxonomic reappraisal of P. aiereba is provided through a revision of preserved material and its original description, plus new evidence about its type-locatity, collectors, and a reconsideration of the destination of its type-specimen.

The highlight of the shortcomings in the regulation and surveillance of veterinary drugs in Brazil is the absence of a system to report adverse drug events (ADEs). The aim of this study was evaluate the use of triggers in dogs to detect ADEs by estimating the prevalence of ADE and identifying the possible triggers. We screened medical records for ADEs and degree of harm caused by an ADE, using known triggers, with the Global Trigger Tool: translated, adapted and validated for use in animal health. The triggers comprised two-fold increase in blood urea nitrogen or serum creatinine levels compared to baseline, administration of vitamin K, administration of diphenhydramine or promethazine, excessive sedation or hypotension, administration of an antiemetic, abrupt cessation of medication, or others. The association between the occurrence of ADEs and variables, such as age, race, duration of hospitalization, polypharmacy, and clinical outcome was evaluated. A total of 148 medical records were analyzed. The trigger tools identified the known triggers 109 times in 68 medical records. Additionally, 14 ADEs were identified; the prevalence of ADEs was 9.5%. Positive predictive values of the triggers were 12.8%, and “vitamin K administration” had the best performance. The duration of hospitalization (p-value = 0.030) and polypharmacy (p-value < 0.001) were associated with the occurrence of ADEs. Approximately 46% of the hospitalized dogs presented with at least one trigger. One out of five hospitalized dogs suffered from temporary harm due to an ADE. The duration of hospitalization and polypharmacy were found to be risk factors for ADEs in dogs.

Abstract The Program for Biodiversity Research (PPBio) is an innovative program designed to integrate all biodiversity research stakeholders. Operating since 2004, it has installed long-term ecological research sites throughout Brazil and its logic has been applied in some other southern-hemisphere countries. The program supports all aspects of research necessary to understand biodiversity and the processes that affect it. There are presently 161 sampling sites (see some of them at Supplementary Appendix), most of which use a standardized methodology that allows comparisons across biomes and through time. To date, there are about 1200 publications associated with PPBio that cover topics ranging from natural history to genetics and species distributions. Most of the field data and metadata are available through PPBio web sites or DataONE. Metadata is available for researchers that intend to explore the different faces of Brazilian biodiversity spatio-temporal variation, as well as for managers intending to improve conservation strategies. The Program also fostered, directly and indirectly, local technical capacity building, and supported the training of hundreds of undergraduate and graduate students. The main challenge is maintaining the long-term funding necessary to understand biodiversity patterns and processes under pressure from global environmental changes.

In Dec 2020 Brazil became one of the worldwide epicenters of the COVID-19 pandemic with more than 7.2M reported cases. Brazil has a large territory with unequal distribution of healthcare resources including physicians. Resource limitation has been one of the main factors hampering Brazil's response to the COVID-19 crisis. Telemedicine has been an effective approach for COVID-19 management as it allows to reduce the risk of cross-contamination and provides support to remote rural locations. Here we present the analyses of teleconsultations from a countrywide telemedicine service (TelessáudeRS-UFRGS, TRS), that provides physician-to-physician remote support during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. We performed a descriptive analysis of the teleconsultation incoming calls and a text analysis from the call transcripts. Our findings indicate that TRS teleconsultations in Brazil experienced an exponential increment of 802.% during a period of 6 days, after the first death due to COVID-19 was reported. However, the number of teleconsultations cases decreased over time, despite the number of reported COVID-19 cases continuously increasing. The results also showed that physicians in low-income municipalities, based on GDP per capita, are less likely to consult the telemedicine service despite facing higher rates of COVID-19 cases. The text analysis of call transcripts from medical teleconsultations showed that the main concern of physicians were "asymptomatic" patients. We suggest an immediate reinforcement of telehealth services in the regions of lower income as a strategy to support COVID-19 management.

Um dos maiores desafios da odontologia minimamente invasiva é o reestabelecimento restaurador de tecidos dentais perdidos ao mesmo tempo em que se preserva ao máximo os substratos sadios, sem realizar desgastes adicionais em esmalte e dentina hígidos. Dentre os procedimentos odontológicos estéticos, o clareamento dental é um dos mais requisitados pelos pacientes insatisfeitos com a aparência do seu sorriso. Isto ocorre devido a sua eficácia, baixa invasividade e simplicidade da técnica. Após a realização do procedimento, se faz necessário a substituição das restaurações pré-existentes em razão do aspecto não harmônico resultante. Este trabalho tem como objetivo relatar um caso clínico de tratamento estético anterior em que os anseios estéticos da paciente foram resolvidos sob uma ótica conservadora, minimante invasiva com clareamento dental (técnica associada) e restaurações tipo Classe III e IV em resina composta. Para que o tratamento tenha sucesso, todas as etapas clínicas são de suma importância e, neste caso, as expectativas do paciente foram alcançadas por meio de uma abordagem conservadora e com alta previsibilidade.

O presente artigo é referente à expansão do agrohidronegócio canavieiro em Goiás por meio da atuação do Estado mediante políticas governamentais como a Política Nacional de Biocombustíveis – RenovaBio. Para o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa foi realizada uma análise da concentração do agrohidronegócio ao longo dos anos e uma análise da legislação do RenovaBio, bem como dos seus efeitos em uma possível nova expansão. Conclui-se que a nova política de Estado voltada ao agronegócio canavieiro, RenovaBio, tem como intuito principal o incentivo à geração de biocombustíveis no Brasil, justificado pelo acordo estabelecido na Conferência de Paris. Ainda, que com a efetivação do RenovaBio, a produção de agrocombustíveis (incluindo o etanol) no Brasil tende a aumentar e, evidentemente, acarretará o aumento da produtividade do agronegócio canavieiro a partir de melhor tecnologia na mecanização e na genética da variedade da cana, como também poderá intensificar a expansão das áreas dos canaviais para a Microrregião Sudoeste do estado de Goiás nas áreas remanescentes de Cerrado.

Com base na análise das formas cinematográficas de reconstituição da história em Serras da desordem, Corumbiara e Taego Ãwa, identifico a importância da figura dos espectadores indígenas para a compreensão das imagens que os filmes criam e mobilizam. Argumento que o contracampo efetivo, virtual ou espectral dos espectadores indígenas constitui uma figura discursiva operante nos filmes e nas relações que estabelecem com o arquivo da história. A figura do espectador selvagem desencadeia o que denomino montagem anarquívica, perturbando o ordenamento do arquivo histórico produzido pela violência do genocídio e insinuando possibilidades de criação de um mundo comum.

Abstract Environmental conditions of grow can modify leaf structure and metabolite production. Neem plants produce a high amount of medicinal metabolites and contain biopesticide terpenoids with low toxicity. However, the high genetic variation and the low material quality, besides the environmental modifications warn to the need of biotechnological techniques to ensure the production of high quality metabolites. The aim was to investigate leaf structural and histochemical characteristics of Azadirachta indica grown in vitro, in vivo and acclimatized condition. It was found anatomical differences among the environments, with higher leaf thickness associated to in vivo conditions, as well as were more evenly distributed stomata. Those modifications did not qualitatively affect the production of medicinal metabolites and biopesticides. Terpenes and tannins were observed in specialized cells called idioblasts, located in the mesophyll and in the midrib region, respectively. Thus, in a qualitative approach, we can affirm that the different environments do not modify metabolites production. Increased production of these bioactive compounds could be achieved by isolation and in vitro culture of idioblasts as a new source of research in plant biotechnology.

Este trabalho vem com o intuito de discutir sobre o agrohidronegócio canavieiro, acreditando que não é somente a apropriação e exploração da terra e do trabalho que se baseia as estratégias do agronegócio canavieiro, mas como também pela apropriação da água. Através de discussão teórica sobre o conceito de Pegada Hídrica e elaboração do mapa de área ocupada por pivôs centrais em Goiás, com a localização das usinas canavieiras do estado, inferimos que o pivô central se materializa como exemplo do agrohidronegócio, em que as commodities agrícolas se apropriam da água, de forma ilegal ou legalmente por meio de outorgas, e de que o setor canavieiro se utiliza desta estratégia para se territorializar no estado de Goiás.

The south region of Goiás has been transformed since the 21st century into one of the areas with the greatest expansion of cultivated land and sugarcane production, based on a strategic modification of the sugarcane agribusiness capital with the State consent. In this way, to understand the dynamics of this territory that favor the expansion of sugarcane agroindustry through programs and public policies, soil and climatic conditions, water availability, fertile soils, considering the mapping proposed by the Agroecological Zoning of Sugarcane (MANZATTO et al. 2009) corresponds to the objective of this research. In addition, it is intended to demonstrate that there is a decrease in the production of food, especially rice, cassava, wheat and dairy production in the South of Goiás concomitantly with the expansion of the sugar cane agribusiness. This research points to a contradiction existing in the literature of this subject that consider the expansion of sugarcane in the South of Goiás as a result of the retraction of the production of monocultures such as soybean and corn and the production of livestock. In the meantime, it is considered that the State must intervene in the food production as well as they currently intervene in the production of commodities with financing programs, fiscal incentives, infrastructure construction and protectionism, for sovereignty and food security.

Remote sensing can provide useful imagery data to monitor sugarcane in the field, whether for precision management or high-throughput phenotyping (HTP). However, research and technological development into aerial remote sensing for distinguishing cultivars is still at an early stage of development, driving the need for further in-depth investigation. The primary objective of this study was therefore to analyze whether it could be possible to discriminate market-grade cultivars of sugarcane upon imagery data from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). A secondary objective was to analyze whether the time of day could impact the expressiveness of spectral bands and vegetation indices (VIs) in the biophysical modeling. The remote sensing platform acquired high-resolution imagery data, making it possible for discriminating cultivars upon spectral bands and VIs without computational unfeasibility. 12:00 PM especially proved to be the most reliable time of day to perform the flight on the field and model the cultivars upon spectral bands. In contrast, the discrimination upon VIs was not specific to the time of flight. Therefore, this study can provide further information about the division of cultivars of sugarcane merely as a result of processing UAV imagery data. Insights will drive the knowledge necessary to effectively advance the field’s prominence in developing low-altitude, remotely sensing sugarcane.

Pilotless aircraft systems will reshape our critical thinking about agriculture. Furthermore, because they can drive a transformative precision and digital farming, we authoritatively review the contemporary academic literature on UAVs from every angle imaginable for remote sensing and on-field management, particularly for sugarcane. We focus our search on the period of 2016–2021 to refer to the broadest bibliometric collection, from the emergence of the term “UAV” in the typical literature on sugarcane to the latest year of complete publication. UAVs are capable of navigating throughout the field both autonomously and semi-autonomously at the control of an assistant operator. They prove useful to remotely capture the spatial-temporal variability with pinpoint accuracy. Thereby, they can enable the stakeholder to make early-stage decisions at the right time and place, whether for mapping, re-planting, or fertilizing areas producing feedstock for food and bioenergy. Most excitingly, they are flexible. Hence, we can strategically explore them to spray active ingredients and spread entomopathogenic bioagents (e.g., Cotesia flavipes and Thricrogramma spp.) onto the field wherever they need to be in order to suppress economically relevant pests (e.g., Diatraea saccharalis, Mahanarva fimbriolata, sugarcane mosaic virus, and weeds) more precisely and environmentally responsibly than what is possible with traditional approaches (without the need to heavily traffic and touch the object). Plainly, this means that insights into ramifications of our integrative review are timely. They will provide knowledge to progress the field’s prominence in operating flying machines to level up the cost-effectiveness of producing sugarcane towards solving the sector’s greatest challenges ahead, such as achieving food and energy security in order to thrive in an ever-challenging world.

Surface quality is key for any adsorbent to have an effective adsorption. Because analyzing an adsorbent can be costly, we established an imagery protocol to determine adsorption robustly yet simply. To validate our hypothesis of whether stereomicroscopy, superpixel segmentation and fractal theory consist of an exceptional merger for high-throughput predictive analytics, we developed carbon-capturing biointerfaces by pelletizing hydrochars of sugarcane bagasse, pinewood sawdust, peanut pod hull, wheat straw, and peaty compost. The apochromatic stereomicroscopy captured outstanding micrographs of biointerfaces. Hence, it enabled the segmenting algorithm to distinguish between rough and smooth microstructural stresses by chromatic similarity and topological proximity. The box-counting algorithm then adequately determined the fractal dimension of microcracks, merely as a result of processing segments of the image, without any computational unfeasibility. The larger the fractal pattern, the more loss of functional gas-binding sites, namely N and S, and thus the potential sorption significantly decreases from 10.85 to 7.20 mmol CO2 g−1 at sigmoid Gompertz function. Our insights into analyzing fractal carbon-capturing biointerfaces provide forward knowledge of particular relevance to progress in the field’s prominence in bringing high-throughput methods into implementation to study adsorption towards upgrading carbon capture and storage (CCS) and carbon capture and utilization (CCU).

O ácido salicílico (AS) pode ser usado como atenuador de estresses causados por herbicidas em plantas e, assim, viabilizar a utilização de flumioxazin na cultura do trigo. Diante disso, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do AS como atenuador de fitotoxicidade causada por flumioxazin na cultura do trigo. Realizou-se um experimento em campo, de maio a setembro de 2015, no delineamento em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos aplicados foram: controle (sem herbicida, sem AS e capinado); flumioxazin (40 g.ha-1); flumioxazin + AS em mistura de calda (40 g.ha-1 + 0,5 mM); flumioxazin + AS em mistura de calda + AS 7 dias após a aplicação (DAA) do herbicida (40 g.ha-1 + 0,5 mM + 0,5 mM); AS (0,5 mM). Foram realizadas avaliações de índice SPAD, fitotoxicidade, massa de mil grãos, peso hectolitro e produtividade. A mistura de AS com flumioxazin aumentou em 7% o índice SPAD aos 21 DAA, reduziu em 30% a fitotoxicidade aos 28 DAA e elevou em 3,43% a produtividade em relação à aplicação isolada de flumioxazin. A aplicação adicional de AS aos 7 DAA reduziu a fitotoxicidade em até 50%, aumentou em até 8,72% o índice SPAD e possibilitou ganhos de 1,49% na produtividade e de 5,46% no peso hectolitro, quando comparado ao herbicida aplicado isoladamente. A aplicação de AS atenuou o estresse causado por flumioxazin no trigo.

O cultivo do milho pode ocorrer em condições de safrinha ou cultivo em sequeiro. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de ácido salicílico (AS) como atenuador de estresse hídrico. O experimento foi constituído de um fatorial 6 x 2, sendo o primeiro fator seis doses de AS (0; 0,1; 0,2; 0,3; 0,4; 0,5 mM), e o segundo com ou sem déficit hídrico, e cinco repetições, contendo um controle sem aplicação e com capina manual. Avaliou-se fitotoxicidade, clorofilas totais e massa de matéria seca (parte aérea e raiz). Os dados foram submetidos à análise de regressão. As plantas submetidas ao déficit hídrico apresentaram falta de turgidez nas folhas e crescimento menor se comparadas às que não sofreram déficit hídrico. As plantas sob estresse apresentaram maior sintomas de fitotoxicidade. Os dados de clorofila e de massa seca mostram prejuízos com o déficit hídrico, o que pode minimizar a taxa fotossintética, por possuir menor concentração de clorofila. Conclui-se que o AS atenua os efeitos de déficit hídrico no milho

O contexto contemporâneo das relações de trabalho tem incentivado mais pesquisas com ênfase no indivíduo, dentro do campo de estudo da Administração. Essas pesquisas abordam tanto o comportamento (exemplo: carreira e estilos cognitivos) quanto o papel do profissional nas empresas e no mercado de trabalho (exemplo: o indivíduo empreendedor). Considerando esse contexto e certa escassez de trabalhos que relacionam os dois conceitos teóricos, inclusive enfatizando o indivíduo empreendedor, tanto no Brasil quanto no exterior, o objetivo desse trabalho é verificar as relações entre os Modelos Contemporâneos de Carreira e os Estilos Cognitivos para os empreendedores, por meio do teste de três hipóteses formuladas com base em referencial teórico. A pesquisa foi realizada com 113 empreendedores pertencentes à região Mesorregião Macro Metropolitana de São Paulo e utilizou questionários validados para os três modelos teóricos. Para análise dos dados, utilizou-se a estatística descritiva e estatística inferencial (testes de associação), sempre considerando o tipo de variável em questão. O estudo ainda é exploratório. Nem todas as hipóteses foram confirmadas. No entanto, os resultados sustentam reflexões sobre a interação prática entre fatores dos modelos teóricos de carreira e a possibilidade de analisar o estilo inovador como parte do perfil do indivíduo empreendedor. Os achados deste estudo agregam novas discussões a outros trabalhos realizados no Brasil e no exterior. Como contribuição adicional, este trabalho inicia a reflexão sobre a possível influência de fatores contingenciais (características das empresas, aspectos sociais e culturais) sobre características do comportamento dos indivíduos refletidos na carreira e em seu estilo.

The drift of hormonal effect herbicides is a major problem for agriculture, because, even in small amounts, it may cause high losses in crops with plants that are sensitive to their action mechanism. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of hydraulic spray nozzles with air induction, as well as the use of the LI-700 adjuvant, in the reduction of the 2,4-D herbicide drift, in tomato crop. A complete randomized split-plot experimental design, with eight replications, was used. Two herbicide solutions were assigned in the plots (with or without the use of adjuvant) [2,4-D (670 g ha-1) and 2,4-D (670 g ha-1) + LI-700 (712.88 g ha-1)], and, in the subplots, five nozzle models [simple fan (JSF11003), simple fan with air induction (AD-IA11003), dual fan with air induction (AD-IA/D11003), simple hammer fan with air induction (TTI11003-VP) and empty cone with air induction (CV-IA10003). The treatments were applied in a wind tunnel, under a pressure of 300 kPa. In a laser analyzer, applying only water, the volumetric median diameter, the relative amplitude and the percentage of drops with diameter lower than 150 µm were measured for all nozzle models. The CV-IA10003 and TTI11003-VP hydraulic nozzles outstand by reducing the 2,4-D herbicide drift and decreasing the damage to tomato plants. The addition of the LI-700 adjuvant to the 2,4-D syrup, independently of the nozzle model, reduces the drift of this herbicide and its effects on the tomato plant root. However, even when adopting these technologies, the application of the 2,4-D herbicide near the tomato crop should be avoided.

Abstract Background Along with sperm, in many taxa ejaculates also contain large numbers of seminal fluid proteins (SFPs). SFPs and sperm are transferred to the mating partner, where they are thought to play key roles in mediating post-mating sexual selection. They modulate the partner’s behavior and physiology in ways that influence the reproductive success of both partners, thus potentially leading to sexual conflict. Despite the presumed general functional and evolutionary significance of SFPs, their identification and characterization has to date focused on just a few animal groups, predominantly insects and mammals. Moreover, until now seminal fluid profiling has mainly focused on species with separate sexes. Here we report a comprehensive screen for putative SFPs in the simultaneously hermaphroditic flatworm Macrostomum lignano. Results Based on existing transcriptomic data, we selected 150 transcripts known to be (a) predominantly expressed in the tail region of the worms, where the seminal fluid-producing prostate gland cells are located, and (b) differentially expressed in social environments differing in sperm competition level, strongly implying that they represent a phenotypically plastic aspect of male reproductive allocation in this species. For these SFP candidates, we then performed whole-mount in situ hybridization (ISH) experiments to characterize tissue-specific expression. In total, we identified 98 transcripts that exhibited prostate-specific expression, 76 of which we found to be expressed exclusively in the prostate gland cells; additional sites of expression for the remaining 22 included the testis or other gland cells. Bioinformatics analyses of the prostate-limited candidates revealed that at least 64 are predicted to be secretory proteins, making these especially strong candidates to be SFPs that are transferred during copulation. Conclusions Our study represents a first comprehensive analysis using a combination of transcriptomic and ISH screen data to identify SFPs based on transcript expression in seminal fluid-producing tissues. We thereby extend the range of taxa for which seminal fluid has been characterized to a flatworm species with a sequenced genome and for which several methods such as antibody staining, transgenesis and RNA interference have been established. Our data provide a basis for testing the functional and evolutionary significance of SFPs.

Cell-based therapy is a promising treatment to favor tissue healing through less invasive strategies. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) highlighted as potential candidates due to their angiogenic, anti-apoptotic and immunomodulatory properties, in addition to their ability to differentiate into several specialized cell lines. Cells can be carried through a biological delivery system, such as fibrin glue, which acts as a temporary matrix that favors cell-matrix interactions and allows local and paracrine functions of MSCs. Thus, the aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the potential of fibrin glue combined with MSCs in nerve regeneration. The bibliographic search was performed in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science and Embase databases, using the descriptors (“fibrin sealant” OR “fibrin glue”) AND “stem cells” AND “nerve regeneration”, considering articles published until 2021. To compose this review, 13 in vivo studies were selected, according to the eligibility criteria. MSCs favored axonal regeneration, remyelination of nerve fibers, as well as promoted an increase in the number of myelinated fibers, myelin sheath thickness, number of axons and expression of growth factors, with significant improvement in motor function recovery. This systematic review showed clear evidence that fibrin glue combined with MSCs has the potential to regenerate nervous system lesions.

Imagery data prove useful for mapping gaps in sugarcane. However, if the quality of data is poor or the moment of flying an aerial platform is not compatible to phenology, prediction becomes rather inaccurate. Therefore, we analyzed how the combination of pixel size (3.5, 6.0 and 8.2 cm) and height of plant (0.5, 0.9, 1.0, 1.2 and 1.7 m) could impact the mapping of gaps on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) RGB imagery. Both factors significantly influenced mapping. The larger the pixel or plant, the less accurate the prediction. Error was more likely to occur for regions on the field where actively growing vegetation overlapped at gaps of 0.5 m. Hence, even 3.5 cm pixel did not capture them. Overall, pixels of 3.5 cm and plants of 0.5 m outstripped other combinations, making it the most accurate (absolute error ~0.015 m) solution for remote mapping on the field. Our insights are timely and provide forward knowledge that is particularly relevant to progress in the field’s prominence of flying a UAV to map gaps. They will enable producers to make decisions on replanting and fertilizing site-specific high-resolution imagery data.

The objective of this research was to evaluate the potential of the foliar fertilizer FertiG as an attenuator of Metribuzin toxicity in the carrot crop. Experiments were carried out in the 2014 and 2015 crops cycles. The treatments were arranged in a 4 x 3 factorial scheme, four times of foliar fertilizer application and three doses of Metribuzin (0, 288 and 576 g ha-1). In crop 1, the foliar fertilizer with the herbicide (288 g ha-1) increased the commercial yield 5 d before the Metribuzin application. The use of FertiG associated to Metribuzin reduced the production of forked carrots 5 d before application and without the foliar fertilizer. The tank mixture decreased the total discard as well as the total yield (576 g ha-1). In crop 2, the commercial yield increased 5 d before (576 g ha-1) and 5 d after (288 g ha-1) the application of Metribuzin when the leaf fertilizer was associated with the herbicide. The yield of the forked carrots decreased 5 d after the application of Metribuzin (288 g ha-1), as well as the total discard. Thus, when associated with Metribuzin (288 g ha-1), FertiG has the potential to attenuate the herbicide toxicity in carrots.

A survey of the historiography of professional education in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, has been undertaken by analyzing several books on the theme published between 1986 and 2003. The contents of books between mid-1880 and mid-1940 have been examined to check how production on the history of professional education is related to the History of Education. In spite of the deep relationship between their characteristics, the historiography of professional education failed to experience the renewal that occurred in the area of the History of Education derived from the New Cultural History. This aspect may be partially due to the predominance of analysis based on the qualification requirements for industrial development.

Carrot has a high yield potential, which requires an adequate and adaptable nutritional management, according to the needs and demands of each crop. Foliar diagnosis is a tool for adjustment and constant improvement of crop fertilization programs. This study aimed to determine leaf indices and reference values using the compositional nutrient diagnosis (CND) method, at three phenological stages of carrot crops [40 and 70 days after sowing (DAS) and at harvest]. In order to calculate the CND method, a database was created with leaf contents of the nutrients N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Mn and Zn and root yields, in commercial carrot crops. The nutrient limitation order was generated according to the fertilization response potential. At 70 DAS and at harvest, Mg and Mn were the most limiting nutrients by deficiency, while Zn was the most limiting by excess at 70 DAS, and P and Ca were the most limiting by excess at harvest. The results indicate that the foliar diagnosis performed with the CND method is only effective for the correction of nutritional disturbances in subsequent crops.

Physical exercise is one of the forms of prevention and treatment of obesity and associated diseases such as hepatic steatosis. The aim of this study was to analyze whether hepatic steatosis interferes in the effect of physical exercise on the body composition of obese children and adolescents. The sample consists of 40 obese individuals, 13 children (8.17±1.33 years) and 27 adolescents (12.28±1.36 years). Total and segmental body composition was estimated by DEXA. Anthropometric measurements were performed, as well as ultrasound examination of the liver to measure intra-abdominal and subcutaneous fat, and to diagnose hepatic steatosis (HS). The intervention consisted of 20 weeks, with recreational/competitive activities being applied to children and, for adolescents, concurrent training (aerobic and resistance). The Levene’s, repeated-measures ANOVA and effect size tests (ES) by Eta-Squared were performed. It was observed that, although not statistically significant, analyzing the effect size, physical activity in both children (body fat ES effect time= 0.210 and ES effect group= 0.208; fat mass ES effect group = 0.338; fat android ES effect Interaction= 0.267), and adolescents (intra-abdominal fat ES effect group = 0.230) regardless of whether or not HS was effective in reducing body fat. Therefore, exercise was effective in improving the body composition of obese children and adolescents, regardless of HS.

The chemical structure and composition of lignin and hemicellulose, as well as the distribution between inner and outer layers of fiber, can adversely affect bleaching operations or fiber-fiber bond on pulp and, consequently the papermaking process. Herein, we have implemented the fractionation and mechanical peeling techniques in order to identify the fines composition from eucalyptus cellulose as well as to verify the effect over xylan and lignin contents and the impact on oxygen delignification. Lignin and xylans in the material removed from the fiber surface (fines) were measured around to 7.6% and 12% of the composition, respectively. The lignin value is three times higher than the percentage measured to original fiber composition (without treatment). The residual xylans content on the pulp, after treatment of fines removal and peeling, was slightly reduced, around 3% for both treatments as well as fractionation and peeling methods decrease the oxygen delignification efficiency.

Biomaterials with the hydroxyapatite and biopolymers such as chitosan derived of crustaceans are is an alternative for bone repair. Carbon nanotubes have been a focus of interest because they can ameliorate the biomechanical properties of biomaterials. The objective of this study was to evaluate these materials in the repair of cranial defects in rats. The animals were divided in groups: without implant (G1), implanted with the chitosan/carbon nanotube membrane (G2), and chitosan/nanotube membrane mineralized with hydroxyapatite (G3). The animals were sacrificed 5 weeks after surgery and the skulls were removed for analysis of the defect area. The results showed absence of chronic inflammatory and little bone neoformation in the defect area of all groups. In G2 and G3 there was lack of reabsorption of the biomaterial that were encapsulated by connective tissue. In conclusion, the biomaterials were biocompatible, but their specific physicochemical properties did not indicate a considerable osteoregenerative capacity.