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Background: Previous studies have identified areas of cognitive weakness in children diagnosed with Specific Learning Disorder (SLD), in the areas of working memory and processing speed in particular. In adulthood, this literature is still scant, and no studies have compared the cognitive profile of university students with dyslexia (DD) with that of students with Mixed-type SLD. Method: Thus, in this study, the WAIS-IV was used to examine the cognitive functioning of three groups of university students: students with DD, with Mixed-type SLD, and typical students. Statistical analyses were performed to examine differences in WAIS-IV FSIQ, main, and additional indexes and subtests. Results: The results showed strengths in perceptual reasoning and good verbal comprehension abilities in both the DD and Mixed-type SLD group, with weaknesses in working memory and processing speed, leading to a pattern of a better General Ability Index (GAI) than Cognitive Proficiency Index (CPI) in both clinical groups. Thus, discrepancies between GAI and CPI, well documented in children with SLD, still manifest in adulthood in university students. Our findings also revealed worse cognitive performance in university students with mixed learning disorder relative to students with only a reading deficit. Conclusions: The cognitive features and distinctive subtest profiles that emerged should guide the assessment and the definitions of intervention programs, special educational needs, and strategies of compensation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The effectiveness of the immunity provided by SARS-CoV-2 vaccines is an important public health issue. We analyzed the determinants of 12-month serology in a multicenter European cohort of vaccinated healthcare workers (HCW). Methods: We analyzed the sociodemographic characteristics and levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies (IgG) in a cohort of 16,101 vaccinated HCW from eleven centers in Germany, Italy, Romania, Slovakia and Spain. Considering the skewness of the distribution, the serological levels were transformed using log or cubic standardization and normalized by dividing them by center-specific standard errors. We fitted center-specific multivariate regression models to estimate the cohort-specific relative risks (RR) of an increase of one standard deviation of log or cubic antibody level and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) for different factors and combined them in random-effects meta-analyses. Results: We included 16,101 HCW in the analysis. A high antibody level was positively associated with age (RR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.00–1.08 per 10-year increase), previous infection (RR = 1.78, 95% CI 1.29–2.45) and use of Spikevax [Moderna] with combinations compared to Comirnaty [BioNTech/Pfizer] (RR = 1.07, 95% CI 0.97–1.19) and was negatively associated with the time since last vaccine (RR = 0.94, 95% CI 0.91–0.98 per 30-day increase). Conclusions: These results provide insight about vaccine-induced immunity to SARS-CoV-2, an analysis of its determinants and quantification of the antibody decay trend with time since vaccination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding antibody persistence concerning multimorbidity is crucial for vaccination policies. Our goal is to assess the link between multimorbidity and serological response to SARS-CoV-2 nine months post-first vaccine. We analyzed Healthcare Workers (HCWs) from three cohorts from Italy, and one each from Germany, Romania, Slovakia, and Spain. Seven groups of chronic diseases were analyzed. We included 2941 HCWs (78.5% female, 73.4% ≥ 40 years old). Multimorbidity was present in 6.9% of HCWs. The prevalence of each chronic condition ranged between 1.9% (cancer) to 10.3% (allergies). Two regression models were fitted, one considering the chronic conditions groups and the other considering whether HCWs had diseases from ≥2 groups. Multimorbidity was present in 6.9% of HCWs, and higher 9-months post-vaccine anti-S levels were significantly associated with having received three doses of the vaccine (RR = 2.45, CI = 1.92–3.13) and with having a prior COVID-19 infection (RR = 2.30, CI = 2.15–2.46). Conversely, lower levels were associated with higher age (RR = 0.94, CI = 0.91–0.96), more time since the last vaccine dose (RR = 0.95, CI = 0.94–0.96), and multimorbidity (RR = 0.89, CI = 0.80–1.00). Hypertension is significantly associated with lower anti-S levels (RR = 0.87, CI = 0.80–0.95). The serological response to vaccines is more inadequate in individuals with multimorbidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: The aim of our study was to investigate the effectiveness of personalized training on skin protection associated with the regular use of ceramide-containing cream (CC) versus other creams (OC) for improving hand contact dermatitis. Methods: We performed a double-center randomized trial that enrolled workers with hand dermatitis. All workers received personalized training. The intervention was 3 times per day application of the study emollient. The control arm used an emollient of choice without ceramide, as needed. The primary outcome was improvement in hand dermatitis at 1 and 3 months of follow-up. Results: In total, 102 patients with hand dermatitis were enrolled in this study. Improvement in dermatitis was found in 40%, 52.5%, 50%, and 63% of OC and CC, at the first and second follow-ups, respectively. The use of CC was significantly associated with an improvement in dermatitis (odds ratios 2.6; 95% confidence intervals 1.30-5.2), analyzed using generalized equation estimation during the follow-up. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that an educational personalized intervention could improve the signs and symptoms in patients with hand dermatitis, and the use of a CC resulted in a significantly better outcome during the 3 months of follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to investigate how the introduction of Gold nanoparticles GNPs into a skin tumor affects the ability to absorb laser light during multicolor laser exposure. The Monte Carlo Geant4 technique was used to construct a cubic geometry simulating human skin, and a 5 mm tumor spheroid was implanted at an adjustable depth x. Our findings show that injecting a very low concentration of 0.01% GNPs into a tumor located 1 cm below the skin's surface causes significant laser absorption of up to 25%, particularly in the 900 nm to 1200 nm range, resulting in a temperature increase of approximately 20%. It is an effective way to raise a tumor's temperature and cause cell death while preserving healthy cells. The addition of GNPs to a tumor during polychromatic laser exposure with a wavelength ranging from 900 nm to 1200 nm increases laser absorption and thus temperature while preserving areas without GNPs., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature.)

Of these, 7 patients agreed to participate in the re-testing: 5 patients now showed positive patch-test reactions to OIT 0.1% pet., 1 patient to both OIT 0.1% pet. and BIT 0.1% pet., and another patient showed no reactions. All adult patients with suspected allergic contact dermatitis were patch tested with the new mix MCI/MI 0.215% aq and simultaneously with MCI/MI 0.02% aq and MI 0.2% aq. B Results: b 4485 dermatitis patients, 3183 females and 1302 males, were tested to the 3 test preparations. Contact allergy rates in those with fibromyalgia was compared with the following age and sex matched control materials: Routinely tested dermatitis patients with suspected allergic contact dermatitis and patients tested because of suspected adverse oral reactions to dental materials. FC-18 Relationship between allergic contact dermatitis (CAD) and atopic dermatitis (AD) in pediatri... Egidio Freitas 1, Miguel Nogueira 1, Ana Maria Lé 1, Joana Gouveia 1, Pedro Marinho 2, I... 1 Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal, 2 Unidade Local de Saúde do Alto... B Background: b The association between allergic contact dermatitis (CAD) and atopic dermatitis (AD) is controversial and inconclusive, including in pediatric patients. In light of previous research demonstrating that patients with gold allergy can develop systemic symptoms, these findings can be of significance for patients with fibromyalgia and gold allergy. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Contact dermatitis in construction workers (CWs) is frequent due to the widespread exposure to sensitizing substances and irritating agents and the wet and cold working conditions. Objective: Our objectives were to evaluate contact dermatitis characteristics among CWs who underwent patch test in northeastern Italy and to identify related allergens. Methods: Seven hundred ninety-five CWs were studied and their data were compared to 2.099 male white-collar workers. The associations between patch test results and occupations were assessed by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Incidence data were calculated from 1996 to 2016. Results: CWs with confirmed occupational dermatitis presented an increased risk to be sensitized to potassium dichromate [OR 3.1 (95%IC 2.0-4.8)], to thiurams [OR 8.6 (95%IC 4.0-18.4)], and to epoxy resins [OR 12.7 (95%IC 6.1–26.4)]. Sensitization to chromate decreased significantly after 2004, following EU regulation of chromate content in concrete, while sensitization to epoxy resins and thiurams increased. The overall incidence of occupational contact dermatitis in CWs decreased significantly. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated the effectiveness of EU regulations in reducing chromate sensitization in CWs and the overall incidence of occupational contact dermatitis. However, sensitization to other haptens is increasing, though improvement of protective measures is compulsory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hairdressers are at high risk of contact dermatitis (CD) due to skin exposure to numerous irritants and haptens in hair products in combination with frequent wet work. Objectives: To investigate the characteristics and incidence of CD among hairdressers in north‐eastern Italy. Methods: A total of 324 hairdressers who had been examined and patch tested in north‐eastern Italy from 1996 to 2016 were retrospectively identified, and compared with 9669 matched controls. Sensitization to allergens of the hairdressing series was analysed among hairdressers attending an occupational medicine clinic in Trieste, Italy. Incidence data were calculated from 1999 to 2016. Results: Sensitization to p‐phenylenediamine, thiuram mix, and N‐isopropyl‐N'‐phenyl‐p‐phenylenediamine was significantly associated with hairdressing and with hand/forearms dermatitis. Frequent sensitizers from hairdressing series were ammonium persulfate, toluene‐2,5‐diamine, and p‐aminobenzene. The overall incidence of CD declined from 2003 (31.7 cases/10 000 workers) to 2016 (20.8 cases/10 000 workers). Conclusions: Sensitization to several haptens was significantly associated with hairdressing. The incidence of CD among hairdressers in north‐eastern Italy has declined in recent years, but is still high. Preventive efforts are needed to reduce the burden of CD in this professional group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Occupational contact dermatitis (OCD) is frequent in the workplace. Objectives: To provide recent data on the epidemiology of OCD in Italy. Methods: This multicenter retrospective study, conducted from 1996 to 2016, included patients with suspected allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) patch tested in the departments comprising the North‐East Italy Contact Dermatitis Group. Results: We studied 18 859 workers with a diagnosis of contact dermatitis (CD), of which 10.4% were recognized as being of professional origin. OCD declined from 1996 to 2011–2013 and increased in 2014–2016. The overall prevalence of both CD and OCD was higher in women compared to men, but the share of OCD of the total CD was greater for men compared to women. A history of atopic dermatitis was less frequent in workers with OCD than in non‐OCD patients (5.8% vs 8.6%). Hairdressers were the youngest profession (27.1 ± 11.7 years). Hands were the primary site of involvement in patients with OCD (76.6%). The five highest risk occupations for OCD were hairdressers, cooks, metalworkers, chemical industry workers, and construction workers. Conclusions: OCDs have a relevant impact in our region, mainly for five job categories, and the increase in the last 3 years suggests the need to improve preventive measures. Highlights: Occupational contact dermatitis (OCD) is frequent among working populationsThe hand is the most common site of OCD, but chemical industry workers and farmers and fishermen can have face dermatitis approximately in 20% of the cases.The five highest risk categories for OCD were represented by hairdressers, followed by cooks, metalworkers, chemical industry workers, and construction workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: epidemiology; EU directive; nickel patch test EN epidemiology EU directive nickel patch test 247 250 4 03/23/20 20200401 NES 200401 Highlights After the introduction of the EU regulatory interventions, nickel sensitization decreased significantly in the group of females aged <=25 years. Nickel sensitization significantly decreased only in young women (<= 25 years) while nickel sensitization increased in the middle-aged category (36-65 years) (Table). The low prevalence of sensitization to nickel can be considered as the first noticeable effect of the EU directive, reducing nickel exposure and subsequent sensitization in young women. Moreover, the higher percentages of nickel sensitization in middle-aged Italian women is possibly related to higher nickel exposure due to the late implementation of the EU directive 94/27/CE. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Mechanics are at higher risk to develop occupational skin diseases from exposure to irritants, oils, greases, preservatives, and metals. Aims: The aim of the study was to investigate contact dermatitis in mechanics who underwent patch test in Northeastern Italy and compare them with white-collar workers (WCW). Subjects and Methods: From 1996 to 2016, 27,381 patients with suspected allergic contact dermatitis were patch tested in Northeastern Italy; in this group, 1270 mechanics were studied. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI), adjusted by age and sex, were calculated assuming WCW as the reference category (n = 6933). Results: Mechanics represented 4.6% of the population tested. Their mean ± SD age was 36.1 ± 11.2 years. Compared with WCW, they were found to have an increased risk of occupational dermatitis (OR = 14.4; 95% CI = 11.6–18) and hand/forearm dermatitis (OR = 2.5; 95% CI = 2.3–2.9). They presented an increased risk of sensitization to epoxy resin (OR = 2.7; 95% CI = 1.5–4.8), to thiurams (OR = 2.4; 95% CI = 1.5–3.8), to 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (OR = 1.9; 95% CI = 1.1–3.4), and to diaminodiphenylmethane (OR = 1.7; 95% CI = 1.1–2.5). Conclusions: Compared to WCW, mechanics were found to be at higher risk to develop occupational contact dermatitis, associated mainly to sensitization to epoxy resin and rubber accelerators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Colophonium is a natural substance derived from Pineaceae trees. It is used in a wide range of consumer and occupational products because of its tackiness, and is a known sensitizer. Objectives: To analyse the temporal trend of contact allergy to colophonium in north‐eastern Italy, and to evaluate the associations with occupations in our geographical area. Methodology: From 1996 to 2016, 27 381 patients with suspected allergic contact dermatitis were patch tested in north‐eastern Italy. Individual characteristics were documented by use of a standardized questionnaire in 6 departments of dermatology or occupational medicine. Results: The overall prevalence of colophonium sensitization was 1.67%; the prevalence was significantly higher in women (1.75%) than in men (1.49%). No significant differences among departments were observed. We found significant associations between colophonium sensitization and being a student (odds ratio [OR] 4.64; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04‐20.6), being a farmer or fishermen (OR 3.63; 95%CI: 1.21‐10.84), being a housekeeper (OR 2.02; 95%CI: 1.08‐3.77), and being retired (OR 2.06; 95%CI: 1.08‐3.92). Conclusion: Our study showed that contact allergy to colophonium is still relevant in north‐eastern Italy. The frequency of sensitization has dropped significantly over a period of 10 years, but students and farmers/fishermen still have sensitization prevalences above 3.5%. Our results are in line with European data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Occupational skin diseases are often responsible for sick leave or job changes, affect mostly young subjects, are costly to society and have been reported as significant predictor of unemployment. Objectives To assess, over time, the course of occupational hand dermatitis ( OHD) after a specific training, by means of follow-up visits and TEWL measurement, to evaluate skin barrier integrity and if preventive measures for hand skin care provided may influence the course of the disease. Methods Workers with a diagnosis of OHD from January 2011 to December 2013 were contacted by telephone, filled in a questionnaire ( NOSQ-2002) and were invited to a training course on prevention of skin dermatitis, and to a new clinical evaluation with TEWL measurement. Workers who joined the training programme were asked to undergo a new evaluation after 3 months. A total of 65 subjects without contact dermatitis were recruited as control group. Results One hundred and one subjects from 143 workers, who were contacted, filled in the questionnaire. Sixty-five of them followed the training course and underwent a new clinical evaluation with TEWL measurements. Ongoing symptoms of subjects decreased from 60.0% to 42.3% 3 months after the training, and the subgroup which strictly adhered to the recommendations given achieved better results (61.9% of symptoms improvement when compared to 29.0% obtained in subjects with partial adhesion to the protocol). TEWL values changed from 21.3 ± 9.6 to 18.6 ± 7.2 g/m²/h ( P = 0.001) on the hands and from 16.6 ± 9.0 to 10.5 ± 4.6 g/m²/h ( P = 0.001) on the forearm, confirming the skin barrier improvement. Conclusions Our secondary prevention intervention was effective, leading to a reduction in clinical signs of dermatitis. TEWL measurement is a useful tool to evaluate skin integrity, mostly in apparently healthy skin, which may have a compromised barrier function, resulting in an exacerbation of the dermatitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study investigated the effect of hand elevation on reductions in finger blood flow (FBF) induced by hand-transmitted vibration. Methods: Fourteen males attended six sessions on six separate days, with a control sessions and a vibration session (125-Hz vibration at 44 ms rms) with the right hand supported at each of three elevations: 20 cm below heart level (HL), at HL, and 20 cm above HL. Finger blood flow on the left and right hand was measured every 30 s during each 25-min session comprised of five periods: (1) no force and no vibration (5 min), (2) 2-N force and no vibration (5 min), (3) 2-N force and vibration (5 min), (4) 2-N force and no vibration (5 min), and (5) no force and no vibration (5 min). Results: Without vibration, FBF decreased with increasing elevation of the hand. During vibration of the right hand, FBF reduced on both hands. With elevation of the right hand, the percentage reduction in FBF due to vibration (relative to FBF on the same finger at the same elevation before exposure to vibration) was similar on the middle and little fingers of both hands. After cessation of vibration, there was delayed return of FBF with all three hand heights. Conclusions: Vibration of one hand reduces FBF on both exposed and unexposed hands, with the reduction dependent on the elevation of the hand. The mechanisms responsible for vibration-induced reductions in FBF seem to reduce blood flow as a percentage of the blood flow without vibration. Tasks requiring the elevation of the hands will be associated with lower FBF, and the FBF will be reduced further if there is exposure to hand-transmitted vibration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the relationships between low back symptoms and alternative measures of external dose and internal spinal dose in professional drivers exposed to whole body vibration (WBV). Methods: The occurrence of low back symptoms was investigated in a cohort of 537 drivers over a 2-year follow-up period. Low back pain (LBP), individual characteristics, and work-related risk factors were investigated with a structured questionnaire. Exposure to WBV was evaluated by means of measures of external dose (daily vibration exposure in terms of either equivalent continuous acceleration over an 8-h period ( A(8)) or vibration dose value according to the EU Directive on mechanical vibration) and measures of internal lumbar load (daily compressive dose S and risk factor R according to ISO/CD 2631-5 2014). Results: In the drivers' cohort, the cumulative incidence of 12-month low back outcomes was 16.8 % for LBP, 9.3 % for chronic LBP, and 21.8 % for sciatic pain. The measures of internal spinal load were better predictors of the occurrence of low back symptoms than the measures of daily vibration exposure. A twofold increase in the risk estimates for low back outcomes was found in the upper quartile of the R factor (0.41-0.72 units) compared to the lower one (0.07-0.19 units). Conclusions: In this prospective cohort study, measures of internal spinal dose performed better than measures of daily vibration exposure (external dose) for the prediction of low back outcomes in professional drivers. The ISO boundary values of the risk factor R for low and high probabilities of adverse health effects on the lumbar spine tend to underestimate the health risk in professional drivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study investigated whether reductions in finger blood flow (FBF) during and after vibration are similarly dependent on the magnitude and duration of the vibration. Methods: FBF on the left and right hand was measured every minute during, and for 1 h following, exposure of the right hand to one of three magnitudes of 125-Hz sinusoidal vibration (0, 22, or 88 ms rms) for one of two durations (7.5 or 15 min). Each of five experimental sessions was comprised of five periods: (i) no force and no vibration (5 min), (ii) 2-N force and no vibration (5 min), (iii) 2-N force and vibration (7.5 or 15 min), (iv) 2-N force and no vibration (5 min), and (v) no force and no vibration (60 min). Results: Vibration reduced FBF in the exposed and unexposed hands, both during and after vibration. With increased magnitude of vibration, there was increased vasoconstriction in all fingers during and after exposure, and longer recovery times after vibration exposure. With increased duration of vibration, there were no changes in vascular responses during exposure but increased vasoconstriction after exposure and prolonged recovery times. With the greater vibration magnitude, the reduction in FBF during exposure was correlated with the time taken to recover after exposure. Conclusions: Subjects with greater reduction in blood flow during vibration exposure also have stronger and longer vasoconstriction during subsequent recovery. The correlation between vascular changes during and after vibration exposure suggests similar mechanisms control FBF during and after vibration exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Finger blood flow is reduced by hand-transmitted vibration but there has been little study of the peripheral vascular response to repetitive mechanical shocks. This study investigated how reductions in finger blood flow depend on shock repetition rate and the peak and rms magnitude of acceleration. Methods: Subjects attended seven sessions: six with repetitive mechanical shocks and a control session with no shocks. Each session comprised five successive 5-min periods: (1) no force and no vibration, (2) force and no vibration, (3) force and vibration, (4) force and no vibration and (5) no force and no vibration. During the second-fourth periods, the palm of the right hand applied 2-N force to a vibrator. During the third period, a 125-Hz mechanical shock was applied with one of four repetition rates (1.3, 5.3, 21 or 83.3/s) and one of three acceleration magnitudes (2.5, 5 or 10 ms rms, unweighted). Finger blood flow was measured every 30 s in the middle and little fingers of the right (exposed) hand and the left (unexposed) hand. Results: Different repetition rates (1.3-83.3 s) and different peak magnitudes (10-88 ms peak) but the same rms acceleration (10 ms rms) caused similar decreases in blood flow in fingers on exposed and unexposed hands. Shocks with a 83.3 s repetition rate, peak magnitude of 10 ms and rms acceleration of 10 ms provoked greater reduction in finger blood flow than shocks with the same peak magnitude but lower repetition rate (21 or 5.3 s) and lower rms acceleration (5 or 2.5 ms). Conclusions: For shocks similar to those based on 125-Hz oscillations with repetition rates between 1.3 and 83.3 s, acute reductions in finger blood flow can be predicted from the rms acceleration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate prospectively the relation between vibration-induced sensory dysfunction and measures of daily exposure to hand-transmitted vibration (HTV). Methods: Thermal perception thresholds for warmth and cold (TPT in °C) and vibrotactile perception thresholds (VPT in dB) at 31.5 and 125 Hz were measured at the fingertips of digit II (for the median nerve) and digit V (for the ulnar nerve) of both hands in 27 male controls and 29 naval engine workers exposed to HTV. In the HTV workers, peripheral sensory function was investigated over a follow-up period of 1-3 years. Vibration exposure was expressed in terms of equivalent frequency-weighted acceleration [ A in ms rms], duration of exposure ( T in hours), and frequency-weighted acceleration normalised to a period of 8 h [ A(8) in ms rms]. Results: At baseline, the HTV workers showed significantly higher TPT for warmth and lower TPT for cold than the controls, while no differences in the VPTs at both frequencies were observed between the two groups. After adjustment for several confounders, data analysis with the generalised estimating equations method and a transition model showed that the changes over time in the TPTs of the HTV workers were significantly related to all measures of daily vibration exposure [ A, T, A(8)]. No significant associations were observed for VPTs at either 31.5 or 125 Hz. Conclusions: The findings of this longitudinal study suggest a significant exposure-response relationship between thermal sensory impairment over time and measures of vibration exposure. The measurement of TPT may be a useful testing method to assess vibration-induced neuropathy at an early stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles (NPs) are used in polishing products and absorbents, as promoters in wound healing, and as organopesticide decontaminants. While systemic bioaccumulation and organ toxicity has been described after inhalation, data on CeO2 NPs' transdermal permeation are lacking. Our study was an in vitro investigation of the permeation of 17-nm CeO2 NPs dispersed in synthetic sweat (1 g L−1) using excised human skin on Franz cells. Experiments were performed using intact and needle-abraded skin, separately. The average amount of Ce into intact and damaged skin samples was 3.64 ± 0.15 and 7.07 ± 0.78 µg cm−2, respectively (mean ± SD, p = 0.04). Ce concentration in the receiving solution was 2.0 ± 0.4 and 3.3 ± 0.7 ng cm−2 after 24 h (p = 0.008). The Ce content was higher in dermal layers of damaged skin compared to intact skin (2.93 ± 0.71 µg cm−2 and 0.39 ± 0.16 µg cm−2, respectively; p = 0.004). Our data showed a very low dermal absorption and transdermal permeation of cerium, providing a first indication of Ce skin uptake due to contact with CeO2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]