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A description of the state-of-the-art concerning geothermal data and tools used for the management and sharing them is a sine qua non for the key task of 3.2 within Work Package 3 - Towards a European Geothermal Platform - in the framework of the Geothermal ERA-NET. This is line with the objective of WP3 is to complete the preliminary work required for the creation of a European Geothermal Platform with the purpose of sharing harmonized and systematic information on legal and regulatory aspects, policies, measures, institutions, research projects and datasets., FP7

International audience; Late 2005 and during 36 months, the ENGINE European project aimed to coordinate the efforts of those involved in Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) development. The main products of ENGINE are a handbook defining best practices and a strategy proposing a road map for future demonstration projects. The enhancement challenge requires the development of innovative methods for exploring, developing and exploiting geothermal resources that are not economically viable by conventional methods. This definition embraces different methods for enlarging access to heat at depth in order to provide continuous base load-power and to contribute to reach the target of the European Strategic Energy Technology Plan (i.e. 20% renewable market penetration in 2020). It is important on one hand to evaluate the investment and the expected savings on cost operation for each Research and Development initiative and industrial project. On the other hand, it must be demonstrated that geothermal energy can contribute to achieving the goals defined in the European Strategic Energy Technology Plan through EGS demonstration projects. ENGINE built up a task force motivated to develop EGS at the European scale, willing to work within the international community, and also eager share information about geothermal energy.

The ENGINE work has been synthesized in a Best Practice Handbook presenting an overview of the investigation, exploration, and exploitation of unconventional geothermal reservoirs (UGR) and Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) taking into account economic and socioenvironmental impacts. The Best Practice Handbook is designed for different groups of interest such as engineers, politicians, and decision makers from industry. The entire EGS life cycle is covered in four chapters: Chapter 1: Site investigation Chapter 2: Drilling, stimulation and reservoir assessment Chapter 3: Exploitation Chapter 4: Environmental and socioeconomic impact, ENGINE - FP6

The most pressing technological challenges in exploration and investigation of Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) and Unconventional Geothermal Resources (UGR) are considered to be those associated with the identification of the nature of geothermal heat concentrations and prospective resources prior to drill and the improvement of methods allowing a spatial and temporal reconstruction of the subsurface geothermal condition that might not only cut the time from discovery to production and improve efficiency while guaranteeing sustainability of the resource, but also reduce environmental impacts forecasting possible problems and finding solutions beforehand. A list of important research themes is provided, ENGINE - FP6

Workshop 9 - Geosciences for Geothermal Exploration: An Integrated Approach EAGE - European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers Rome 2008, ENGINE - FP6

This reports describes the learning from the Joint Activities in the frame of Geothermal ERA-NET and the strategies to develop further funding procedures. The main focus is on the activities for establishing a web-based knowledge transfer system related to operational issues of geothermal installations in Europe, the so-called OpERA-pedia, and those related to the implementation of the European Geothermal Information Platform, EGIP, for collecting and retrieving technical and non-technical information related to the geothermal sector in Europe. The report mentions the opportunities for future collaboration offered by the new ERA-NET Co-fund Action, GEOTHERMICA, which expands the Geothermal ERA-NET consortium and strengthen the participation by guaranteeing coordinated funds for transnational Joint Calls dedicated to demonstration projects. Eventually, an analysis of the stakeholder networks established in the frame of the Geothermal ERA-NET is provided., FP7, {"references":["D3.1 - Report on the state-of-the-art and needs in regarding geothermal data and existing tools to manage them (April 2013) ISBN: 978-9979-68-361-2. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1182422","D3.2 - Feasibility study for a European Geothermal Platform (October 2013) ISBN: 978-9979-68- 362-9 . https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1182420","EGIP – Pilot Platform (2014). Link: http://egip.igg.cnr.it","Trumpy E., Coro G., Manzella A., Pagano P., Castelli D., Calcagno P., Nador A., Bragasson T., Grellet S. & Siddiqi G. (2015) Building a European geothermal information network using a distributed e- Infrastructure, International Journal of Digital Earth, DOI: 10.1080/17538947.2015.1073378 Link: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17538947.2015.1073378)","Tuning EGIP for target user- EGIP Joint Action report (January 2016) ISBN 978-9979-68-389-6. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1182416","EGIP EG report - An overview to prepare the implementation (September 2016). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1182403"]}

This document describes our proposal for the joint implementation of a European Geothermal Information Platform (EGIP). EGIP’s target is to increase the share of potential geothermal energy users - primarily international operators, and surveyors - primarily European bodies. Two appendicies are included in the document. Appendix 1 reports the collect references and links organized by category resulting from the questionnaire set up in task 3.2 and 2.1. Appendix 2 describes the most important technical aspects for EGIP implementation following INSPIRE implementing rules., FP7

This report describes the principle activities related to Work Package 3 of the Geothermal ERA-NET project performed in the last two years (mid 2014 – September 2016). All the tasks carried out in this timeframe are here summarized highlighting the main outcomes. The included sections are dedicated to the pilot of EGIP released in 2014, the survey on EGIP completed in 2015 and the overview document on EGIP implementation currently being finalized. The report is concluded with a final section which highlights the main outcomes, the open issues and sketch the next steps., FP7, {"references":["D3.1 - Report on the state-of-the-art and needs in regarding geothermal data and existing tools to manage them. ISBN: 978-9979-68-361-2","D3.2 - Feasibility study for a European Geothermal Platform. ISBN: 978-9979-68-362-9","Games rules. Link: http://egip.igg.cnr.it/index.php/join-egip/328-games-rules)","EGIP data model. Link: http://egip.igg.cnr.it/index.php/join-egip/327-egip-data-model","EGIP xsd schema. http://egip.igg.cnr.it/index.php/join-egip/329-egip-xsd","Trumpy et al., 2015, Building a European geothermal information network using a distributed e- Infrastructure, International Journal of Digital Earth, DOI: 10.1080/17538947.2015.1073378","Report: Tuning EGIP for target user. ISBN 978-9979-68-389-6","Report: European Geothermal Information Platform - EGIP - An overview to prepare the implementation. ISBN 978-9979-68-395-7"]}

This reports describes the learning from the Joint Activities in the frame of Geothermal ERA-NET and thestrategies to develop further funding procedures. The main focus is on the activities for establishing a web-based knowledge transfer system related to operational issues of geothermal installations in Europe, the so-called OpERA-pedia, and those related to the implementation of the European Geothermal InformationPlatform, EGIP, for collecting and retrieving technical and non-technical information related to the geothermal sector in Europe. The report mentions the opportunities for future collaboration offered by thenew ERA-NET Co-fund Action, GEOTHERMICA, which expands the Geothermal ERA-NET consortiumand strengthen the participation by guaranteeing coordinated funds for transnational Joint Calls dedicated todemonstration projects. Eventually, an analysis of the stakeholder networks established in the frame of theGeothermal ERA-NET is provided.

The “Drilling in dEep, Super-CRitical AMBient of continentaL Europe” (DESCRAMBLE) project is meant to drill in continental-crust, super-critical geothermal conditions, to test and demonstrate novel drilling techniques to control gas emissions, the aggressive environment and the high temperature/pressure expected from the deep fluids and to characterize the chemical and thermo-physical condition of the reservoir. The experiment is realized in Larderello, Italy, where supercritical resources are expected within a depth of 4 km., H2020

This report deals with the organization of transnational activities, after their definition in WP4. In theJA1 Phase, in the form of Working Group preparatory activities, a number of workshops, surveys andreports were organized, and their results were discussed in two Geothermal ERA-NET projectmeetings: a main one held in Brussels on October 2015, and second one held in Ankara, Turkey, onFebruary 2016. During the JA1 activities and these meetings, the consortium partners defined whatactivities could pass to the advanced phase of implementation (JA2) having a budget for doing so, orwere continuing as JA1 activity providing technical reports. Of the seven themes implemented as JA1activities, also in consideration of time and budget limits, only two JA1 activities (EGIP for theestablishment of a European Geothermal Information Platform and OpERA related to operationalissues in geothermal installation) proposed a follow up in the form of co-funded Calls. For EGIP,some countries found a common interest in developing a professional and appealing front-end for thepilot platform whose structure and content has been developed in kind. For OpERA, the proposal thatfound the interest of various countries regarded the organization of a handbook related to operationalissues in geothermal installations, named OpERA-pedia, to be published on the Geothermal ERA-NET webpage and constituting a platform for knowledge exchange. These proposed JA2 activitiesresulted suitable for Calls for Tenders. Administrative issues, including the difficulties of somecountry to organize a common Call for Tenders, let the EGIP proposal to be dropped, whereas theOpERA-pedia will be organized as a simultaneous Call for Tender in the participating countries. Indeed, the JA1 activities and the experience gained in the Geothermal ERA-NET project hasstrengthen the transnational partnership by planning concrete joint activities as testified by the settingup of a new proposal for a geothermal ERA-NET in the form of Co-funded action, to enhancecooperation potential in the field of geothermal.

Collection of abstracts from the Mid-Term Conference of the IMAGE project, 12-13 October 2015. Project Coordinator: Jan Hopman, TNO, Utrecht, NL Scientific Committee: David Bruhn, Helmholtz Centre, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, D. Chrystel Dezayes, BRGM, Department of Geothermal Energy, Georessources Division, Orléans, F. Ólafur G. Flóvenz, ÍSOR, Iceland GeoSurvey, Reykjavík, IS. Gu.mundur Ómar Fri.leifsson, HS Orka hf, Reykjanesbær, IS. Domenico Liotta, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e Geoambientali, Università di Bari, I. Adele Manzella, CNR-Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources, Pisa, I. Gylfi Páll Hersir, ÍSOR, Iceland GeoSurvey, Reykjavík, IS. Giovanni Ruggieri, CNR-Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources, Firenze, I. Jan Diederik van Wees, TNO, Utrecht, NL. Editors: ADELE MANZELLA and ISABELLA NARDINI* CNR-Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources, Via Moruzzi 1 – 56124 Pisa, Italy. EDIZIONI CNR ISBN 9788879580267 *contact person: isabella.nardini@igg.cnr.it Edizioni CNR ISBN 9788879580267, FP7

This document describes our proposal for the joint implementation of a European GeothermalInformation Platform (EGIP). EGIP’s target is to increase the share of potential geothermalenergy users - primarily international operators, and surveyors - primarily European bodies.Two appendicies are included in the document. Appendix 1 reports the collect references andlinks organized by category resulting from the questionnaire set up in task 3.2 and 2.1.Appendix 2 describes the most important technical aspects for EGIP implementationfollowing INSPIRE implementing rules.

Very high-temperature reservoirs are a possible target for future geothermal exploration either through the direct exploitation of super-critical fluids or as a potential high-temperature reservoir for Enhanced Geothermal Systems. By exploiting subsurface fluids at super-critical conditions, i.e. high temperature (>375 °C) and high pressure (>22 MPa), the energy output per well will increase by a factor of ~10. This will reduce development costs by decreasing the number of wells needed (IEA Technology Roadmap 2011). In order to contribute to the EU strategic energy and climate targets for 2020 and 2050 by fostering increased growth in the geothermal energy market through enhanced awareness of the potential of geothermal energy production, a database of potential supercritical resources has been launched by the IMAGE project. Superhot and supercritical resources are expected in the surrounding of still hot magmatic intrusions in the crust. A large part of the IMAGE activity focused on understanding what are the favorable conditions at a few km depth for shallow magmatic emplacement, beside improving exploration and investigation techniques for their detection and the related hot water circulation. In a typical crust with an average thermal gradient of the order of 30-35 °C/km the critical temperature of a brine (temperature above 450 °C) is reached at depth greater than 12-15 km. However, in many sites around the world (e.g. Larderello and Phlegraean Fields in Italy, Nesjavellir in Iceland, The Geysers in California) where exploratory boreholes were drilled in high-temperaturegeothermal system (T > 370 °C), reservoir pressures above supercritical conditions (>22.1 MPa) were encountered. These evidences confirm that geothermal reservoirs in supercritical conditions, both in temperature and pressure, exist in the vicinity of cooling magmatic intrusions. Volcanic rifts, extensional basins and/or subduction zones with related shallow crustal magma emplacements, are the more promising environments in which supercritical conditions may be found in the upper to middle crust levels, The compilation of a European database of the favourable indicators of the presence of supercritical geothermal resources has been a main task in the IMAGE project. The objective is to define areas in Europe where supercritical fluids occur at a drillable depth with a manageable chemistry composition can be found. Where do we find fluids at 4-5 km depth with a temperature exceeding 400 °C? In various regions in Europe, including Iceland, Italy, Azores, Montserrat, Canary Island. What characterizes these areas? Can we find other areas with similar features at greater depth? We focus on Iceland, where these resources have been searched and studied in the last decade. We used the experience of research in Larderello, described in detail in other IMAGE deliverables (e.g. D5.01), to look for indicators applicable over broad areas, in search of potential supercritical resources in continental Europe. Since temperature is the key parameter controlling the presence of supercritical reservoirs at (relatively) shallow depth, mapping of supercritical resources was mainly driven by thermal models derived from crustal and lithospheric constraints and data interpolation from available deep wells. Other information providing indirect indication of crustal thinning and shallow magmatic emplacement have been searched and analyzed. In particular, we mapped the following indicators: the depth of 400 °C isotherm; the MOHO depth and crustal thickness; the earthquake density combined with the estimated depth of the Brittle-Ductile Transition in Europe. Other interesting indicators, e.g. He3/He4 ratio values from which fluids of crustal origin may be inferred, or Curie Point depth that refers to deep temperature regime, are available only for local areas, and are too restricted to be of use at regional and European scale. The location of recent (Pleistocene-Holocene) volcanism, also dispersed, was mapped since it provides useful information, but was not used in the computation of final maps. After defining the indicators, their spatial correlation was established by Geographic Information System (GIS) models, and a database was organized. By prioritizing favourable conditions using GIS spatial analysis methods, the “favourability” map of geothermal resources at supercritical condition was then obtained. It provides a clear overview of the distribution of potential resources in Europe, based on analytical data., FP7

The “Drilling in dEep, Super-CRitical AMBient of continentaL Europe” (DESCRAMBLE) project is meantto drill in continental-crust, super-critical geothermal conditions, to test and demonstrate novel drillingtechniques to control gas emissions, the aggressive environment and the high temperature/pressure expectedfrom the deep fluids and to characterize the chemical and thermo-physical condition of the reservoir. Theexperiment is realized in Larderello, Italy, where supercritical resources are expected within a depth of 4 km.

This report describes the principle activities related to Work Package 3 of the Geothermal ERA-NET project performedin the last two years (mid 2014 – September 2016). All the tasks carried out in this timeframe are here summarizedhighlighting the main outcomes. The included sections are dedicated to the pilot of EGIP released in 2014, the surveyon EGIP completed in 2015 and the overview document on EGIP implementation currently being finalized. The reportis concluded with a final section which highlights the main outcomes, the open issues and sketch the next steps.

This report summarizes the results of survey performed in the frame of the Reservoir Sustainability (ReSus) Joint Activity. In particularly the report describes the survey setup and spread among the principal geothermal stakeholders along the European countries participating in the Geothermal ERA-NET project. The answers to each question proposed in the survey are here reported. The report is concluded with a final section which highlights the main outcomes and possible next step., FP7

This report summarizes the results of survey performed in the frame of the Reservoir Sustainability (ReSus) Joint Activity. In particularly the report describes the survey setup and spread among the principal geothermal stakeholders along the European countries participating in the Geothermal ERA-NET project. The answers to each question proposed in the survey are here reported. The report is concluded with a final section which highlights the main outcomes and possible next step.

This report shows barriers and opportunities for geothermal development in countries,participating in ERANET Geothermal energy. These barriers and opportunities have beenidentified by the participants of ERANET Geothermal energy. They will be an important input in setting up a programme of international collaboration.