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Introduction: Epidural hematoma (EDH) is characterized by the acute onset of traumatic haemorrhage into potential space between the dura mater and skull following head injury. About 85% of the epidural cases are caused by skull fracture with rupture of the middle meningeal artery or its branches and rest of 1the time ruptured venous sinuses, fractured diploic bone. The BTF recommends that all patients with an EDH volume of greater than 30 cc should undergo surgical evacuation regardless of Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). Aim of the Study: To assess the surgical outcome of extradural hematoma patients by using Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) postoperatively. Material & Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the Department of Neurosurgery, Dhaka Medical College and Hospital (DMCH), during the period of January 2016 to December 2017. A total of 98 patients of both sex and any age with EDH were selected purposively. Statistical analyses were carried out by using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 22.0 for Windows (SPSS Inc., IBM and New York, USA). Prior to commencement of this study, the “Research Review Committee” & the “Ethical Committee” of DMCH, Dhaka, approved the research protocol. Results: In this study, 98 patients were included; they were divided into 6 groups. Age range was 04 - 55 years. It was observed that majority, 30 (30.60%) patients were from 21 - 30 years of age. The mean age was found 25.24 ± 12.2 years. Other age related distributions were shown in the table. Male patients were 78 (78.55%) and 22 (22.44%) patients were female. A male predominance was observed. Among admitting GCS 3-8, 56.25% patients had unfavorable outcome and 43.25% had favorable outcome. Admitting GCS 9-13, 2.5% patients had unfavorable outcome and 97.5% had favorable outcome. Admitting GCS 14-15, all patients (100.0%) had favorable outcome. Unfavorable outcome was observed in 9 (9.18%), 1 (1.00%) patients who belong 3-8, 9-13 GCS on admission. Mean GCS on admission was found 6.7 ± 2.44 score in unfavorable outcome group and 13.45 ± 2.30 score in favorable outcome group. Conclusion: This study revealed good surgical outcome in extradural hematoma patients. Preoperative GCS is an important predictor of outcome. Other preoperative neurological statuses like pupillary changes, neurological focal deficit, cranial nerve involvement, plantar reflexes and seizure also influence the surgical outcome.

The photocatalytic carboxylation of aryl derivatives was demonstrated under CO2 at atmospheric pressure using a mesoporous covalent organic framework (COF) as the active photocatalyst with triethylamine (TEA) as a sacrificial electron source under visible light. A yield of greater than 91% of the isolated product was achieved with 5 mg of catalyst. The reaction cycle is dependent on the use of the Ni(dmg)2 co-catalyst and the sacrificial electron donor (TEA). The reaction does not occur in the absence of light (445 nm) even at elevated reaction temperature. We have also demonstrated that a yield of 32% of the isolated product could be obtained with the use of sunlight in the catalytic cycle. Additionally, this heterogeneous catalytic system was recyclable and reusable for several cycles.

Silver nanoparticles with large surface area and surface available atoms provide promising opportunities to deal with the challenges in catalysis and environmental remediation. Herein, silver nanoparticles impregnated reduced graphene oxide (AgNPs@RGO) is synthesized through the in-situ reduction process using green guava fruit extract as a reducing agent. The synthesized materials are characterized by multiple characterization tools such as FTIR, XRD, UV–Vis, XPS, Raman, FESEM and TEM studies. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) result has confirmed the in-situ reduction of GO and Ag+ ions to RGO and Ago, respectively. Morphological studies like FESEM and TEM have suggested well dispersion of AgNPs onto the RGO sheets. The synthesized material showed improved efficiency for the catalytic reduction of water-pollutant like p-nitrophenol. Here, the catalyst works as a hydrogen transport. The AgNPs@RGO material also showed efficient catalytic activity for terminal alkyne carboxylation up to 98.5% of product yield. The catalyst is reusable for multiple reaction cycles for both the studied reactions.

Background: Monoclonal gammopathy are haematologic disorder characterized by abnormal production of one or more immunoglobulin clone. Accurate detection and quantitation of monoclonal immunoglobulins is important for diagnosis and management of monoclonal gammopathies.There are very few studies related to monoclonal gammopathy in Bangladesh. This study wasaimed to observe the clinical profile and immunoglobulin pattern of monoclonal gammopathy cases in a tertiary care referral center. Objective: This study wasaimed to observe the clinical profile and immunoglobulin pattern of monoclonal gammopathy cases in a tertiary care referral center. Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Haematology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Dhaka Cantonment, Dhaka. Study Period was July 2014 to Dec 2014. Patients with the age between 40 to 70 yearsof both sexes who were diagnosed as cases of monoclonal gammopathies was selected as study population. All patients were interviewed by using standard questionnaire and general medical condition of the patients was evaluated through history taking, clinical examination and laboratory investigations. Bone marrow microscopic examination, serum protein electrophoresis, immunofixationelectrophoresis (IFE), skeletal survey and relevant biochemical tests including serum creatinine, calcium, albumin and urinary BJP were performed. Protein electrophoresis of the samples was performed by automated capillary electrophoresis machine. Results: A total of 30 cases were recruited for this study. Out of 30 monoclonal gammopathy cases, majority of cases 17(56.7%) were between 60 to 70 years age group. Mean age was 57.13(±9.66) years. Male were predominant 19(63.0%) and Male female ratio was 1.72:1. Among the patients, low backache and pallor was common in majority (80%) of the cases, while fatigue and fever were present in 73.3% and 70.0% cases respectively. Among the patients, 7(23.3%) were hypertensive, 6(20.0%) were diabetic, 3(10.0%) patients were suffering from CKD with hypertension, 3(10.0%) had bronchial asthma, 1(3.3%) was with hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus. Depending on different laboratory findings, among all the 30 cases, 21(70%) cases were diagnosed as multiple myeloma, 5(16.6%) cases were MGUS and 2(6.7%) cases were Smouldering multiple myeloma and kappa light chain multiple myeloma each. Among the multiple myeloma cases, 11(36.6%) cases had IgG Kappa monoclonal gammopathy and 6(20.0%) cases had IgG Lambda monoclonal gammopathy. Conclusion: Monoclonal gammopathy occurs predominantly in male population at around sixth decade and mostly are presented with fatigue and bone pain. Majority of the patients suffered from multiple myeloma. Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2020;6(1): 19-23

Background: Because of great concerns about mortality and morbidity due to infection in febrile neutropenic patients, the appropriate empirical antibiotic should be started immediately. Although there are established guidelines for the use of empirical therapy in febrile neutropenia, local microbiological pattern and antibiotic susceptibility should be considered for better outcome. There is paucity of data regarding the organism isolated and sensitivity in febrile neutropenic patients in Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH). Objectives: The current study aimed to find out causative organisms for febrile neutropenia and to observe their antimicrobial sensitivity pattern. Materials and method: This was a prospective observational study carried out in department of haematology and BMT of Dhaka Medical college hospital during the period of October, 2014 to July, 2015. Total 104 patients experienced febrile neutropenia and both febrile blood and urine samples were collected and sent for culture. Results: Out of 104 patients male were 65 and female were 39 (M:F ratio 1.6:1) with a mean age of patients were 31.3 (±15.43) years. Majority (86.5%) of febrile neutropenic patients were post-chemotherapy of acute leukaemia. Out of 104 case 29 were positive growth in both blood and urine samples. Out of 25 blood culture positive patients’ organisms isolated were predominantly gram negative (78.6%) whereas 21.4% were gram negative. However, in urine culture equal number of organisms (4 vs 4) from both gram positive and gram negative were isolated. Gram negative microorganisms were resistance to antibiotic such as amoxicillin, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefixime, cotrimoxazole and gentamicin and sensitive to antibiotic like meropenem, amikacin, ciprofloxacin and colistin. Gram positive microorganisms were almost resistance to azithromycin, cefixime, ciprofloxacin, cotrimoxazole, gentamicin and moxifloxacin but were sensitive to chloramphenicol, clindamycin and linezolid. Conclusions: Gram negative organisms were the predominant organisms in febrile neutropenic patients at our institute. They are resistant to a good number of commonly used antibiotics and sensitive to only a few antibiotics.

The present work introduces the favorable synthesis of porous functionalized nanomaterials with excellent surface area, porosity, and high CO2 capture ability to facilitate cyclizative reactions by...

Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is one of the most frequent nutritional deficiency leading to morbidity and mortality in whole world. Oral iron therapy as well as intravenous (IV) iron therapy can be given to treat the IDA patients. Objective: To compare the efficacy and hematological changes of Oral and IV iron preparation in patients with uncomplicated iron deficiency anemia. Method: An interventional, prospective study in patients with uncomplicated IDA anemia receiving IV iron sucrose and Oral iron ferrous sulfate were included. Clinical history, baseline hemoglobin, anemia indices data were recorded in a case record form. A total number of 80 patients were enrolled in this study. 40 patients (Group A) were treated with IV iron sucrose and another 40 patients (Group B) were treated with oral iron ferrous sulfate. After therapy Hemoglobin level, RBC indices and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were observed. Place and period of Study: Study was carried out in the Department of Hematology at Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH), from July 2015 to June 2016. Results: The mean age of total participants was 35.77 ± 16.08 (range of 13 – 75 years). In this study female (72.5%) is predominant than male (27.5%). Oral and IV iron preparations significantly (P

Background: Multiple Myeloma (MM) accounts for 1% of malignant tumors and 10%–15% of hematopoietic neoplasms. Bortezomib, a first in class proteasome inhibitor, induces apoptosis and growth arrest and reverse chemoresistence in Myeloma cell and has demonstrated no irreversible adverse effect on haemopoietic stem cell. Dexamethasone increases the response rate. Thus, Bortezomib plus dexamethasone represent highly effective regimen for previously untreated Multiple Myeloma cases and significantly higher response rates approximately 70%– 90% have been observed.This combination thus may serve the basis of future strands of care in Multiple Myeloma patients. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy , safety and tolerability of Bortezomib in newly diagnosed cases of Multiple Myeloma patients in Bangladesh. Materials & Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out in the Haematology department of BSMMU from June 2017 to December 2018. Patients received inj. Bortezomib (1.3mg/m2 ) 4 cycles as an intravenous bolus on days 1,4,8,11 in a three week cycle (twice weekly administration) in indoor and same patients as day care basis in outpatients department. Dexamethasone at 40 mg was given intravenously or orally on the day of and day after inj Bortezomib.A self administered questionnaire containing different set of questions regarding Multiple Myeloma were used for data collection. Results: Among the study population, 93% of patients had anaemia followed by bone pain (86%) and renal impairment (39%). Out of 25 patients,complete response achieved in 13 patients (52%), where 4 patients(16%) showed partial response,6 (24%) showed very good partial response and 2 (8%) patients showed no response. The overall response rate was 92% belonged to partial,very goofd partial and no respone respectively. Death occurred in 3 cases (12%). 5 patients (20%) developed Bortezomib induced peripheral neuropathy.Life threatening intracranial haemorrhage occurred in two patients (8%). Death occurred in 3 cases (12%),2 patients due to intracranial haemorrhage and another from cardiac arrest. In this study,S. creatinine, â2 microglobulin and bony lesion variables showed significant association with treatment response. Conclusion: Bortezomib plus dexamethasone is a highly effective and safe regimen for previously untreated multiple myeloma patients. This novel therapy in myeloma represent a new trearment paradigm targeting both tumor and microenvironment which has markedly improve overall response(OR), long progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS)across in all risk groups. Moreover,it can be administered safely in the outpatient setting provided by clinicians. J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 28, No.1, April, 2019, Page 34-41

In the current era, the scientific community is very much interested to utilize the greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide, through chemical fixation in order to produce value-based fine organic chemicals. The chemical combination of atmospheric carbon dioxide, isocyanides, and 2-iodoaniline in a one-pot reaction for the synthesis of quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione derivatives is a straight forward and attractive methodology to avoid multi-step and more toxic reagent containing routes. In this study, a heterogeneous catalyst was designed and synthesized from aminically modified graphene oxide by the incorporation of palladium metal. The catalyst was characterized by FT-IR, XRD, ICP-AES, Raman spectroscopy, XPS, TEM, SEM, EDX, and N2 absorption desorption studies. In this report, the formation of N3-substituted 2,4(1H,3H)-quinazolinediones was performed under mild and heterogeneous reaction conditions under 1 bar CO2 pressure. The catalyst is very efficient to produce the quinazoline derivatives. For the investigation of the mechanistic route of the catalytic reaction, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were also monitored. We have checked the recyclability of the catalyst, the results indicated that the catalyst maintained its catalytic efficacy even after six cycles of use.

Herein, we designed a sheet-like nanoporous covalent organic framework (TFP-DM COF) based nanomaterial, which was formed via an easy solvothermal synthetic method. The as-synthesized material was characterized via FTIR spectroscopy, PXRD, UV-Vis, N2 adsorption–desorption studies, TEM and FESEM techniques. We demonstrated the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 into HCOOH and HCHO using the as-synthesized COF as the active photocatalyst and water as a green solvent as well as sacrificial electron source under atmospheric pressure. It was observed that the formaldehyde production rate was 36-fold higher than the formic acid production rate under white LED light irradiation. The catalyst showed good yields for both the products, HCOOH (0.019 mole) and HCHO (0.47 mole), even under sunlight irradiation. In addition, the COF material exhibited sufficient reusability without noticeable catalyst deactivation, which suggested the material to be a promising heterogeneous photocatalyst for commercial use in the CO2 reduction reaction under green reaction conditions.

An efficient synthesis of primary carbamates and N-substituted ureas is explored with a newly developed heterogeneous polymer supported iron catalyst in the presence of a sustainable carbonylation source. The Merrifield anchored iron(II)-anthra catalyst [FeII(Anthra-Merf)] was synthesized by functionalization of Merrifield polymer followed by grafting of iron metal. The catalyst [FeII(Anthra-Merf)] was characterized by several techniques, like SEM, EDAX, TGA, PXRD, XPS, FTIR, CHN, AAS and UV-Vis analysis. The designed polymer embedded [FeII(Anthra-Merf)] complex is a remarkably successful catalyst for the synthesis of primary organic carbamates and N-substituted ureas by using safe carbonylation agent urea with different derivatives of alcohols and amines, respectively. The reported catalyst is a potential candidate towards contributing a satisfactory yield of isolated products under suitable reaction conditions. The catalyst is recyclable and almost non-leaching in nature after six runs with an insignificant drop in catalytic activity. Thus we found an economical and viable catalyst [FeII(Anthra-Merf)] for primary carbamates and N-substituted urea synthesis under moderate reaction conditions.

The present study describes the favourable construction of a crystalline covalent organic framework (COF) with exceptional surface area, tunable pore size and huge CO2 capture efficiency to facilitate a novel multicomponent cyclization by introducing CO2 into extremely reactive organic skeletons. In the presence of a catalytic Cu/CuxOy NP-loaded COF, several 2-bromo-3-alkylacrylic acids combined with several amine derivatives and CO2 (0.1 MPa) are converted to the desired oxazolidinediones in excellent yields (up to 96%) under alkali-free conditions and ambient temperature.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) embedded in a porous polystyrene material (AgNPs@m-PS-PC) were synthesized via the polymerization of polystyrene amine and 2-pyridinecarbaldehyde, followed by the reduction of silver nitrate in methanol. The structure and morphology of this porous material were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared, ultraviolet-visible, and atomic absorption spectroscopies, and thermogravimetric analysis. TEM showed that the AgNPs were well dispersed in the polymeric matrix, with dimensions of around 4–9 nm. This nanocatalyst showed activity, particularly for the green synthesis of valuable carboxylic acids by the carboxylation reaction of terminal alkynes with carbon dioxide under atmospheric pressure. Additionally, the catalyst displayed efficient catalytic activity for the oxidation of cyclohexane using hydrogen peroxide as the oxidising agent. The AgNPs@m-PS-PC nanocatalyst could be recycled five times and retained reliable efficiency.

The use of formic acid or carbon dioxide as a C1 source for the synthesis of medicinally, as well as industrially, imperative compounds has been gaining predominant attention of synthetic chemists in the current era. This article describes the synthesis of an eco-friendly low-cost modified Merrifield supported zinc catalyst [Zn(Meri-Ald-Py)]. Characterization of the newly synthesized catalyst was performed properly by various instrumental techniques like CHN analysis, elemental mapping, FTIR, Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis, FESEM, TGA, PXRD, N2 adsorption–desorption and AAS (atomic absorption spectroscopy). Benzimidazolone derivatives were synthesized quite efficiently through CO2 fixation in o-phenylenediamine in the presence of a Zn(Meri-Ald-Py) catalyst at 110 °C using 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) under atmospheric pressure. Furthermore, the synthesized catalyst can effectively produce various N-formylated products from aniline derivatives by utilizing formic acid within a very short reaction duration (4.5–20 minutes) at 30 °C. Above all, the catalyst is highly heterogeneous in nature and can be used proficiently in several successive cycles.

A novel complex catalyst, POP-palladium(II), has been synthesized. The developed catalyst has been characterized by XRD, EDX, scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), HR-TEM, FTIR spectroscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy, TGA and BET isotherm analysis. The reactivity of the incorporated palladium(II) catalyst was tested in the in situ carbonylation of aryl iodides and secondary cyclic amines to the respective α-ketoamides at 80 °C. A large number of aryl iodides combined with CO followed by 2° amines can generate the corresponding α-ketoamides with high selectivity. This Pd(II) complex catalyst exhibits superb catalytic activities and can also be easily recovered after the reaction by an easy filtration method. The catalyst could be reused for up to six consecutive cycles without much loss in its activity.

We have described a facile solvothermal synthesis of a sheet-like α-Ti(HPO4)2·H2O nanomaterial. The material comprises 10.7 nm nanoparticles along with ordered mesopores throughout its hexagonal building blocks. The material possesses a bandgap of 3.86 eV and works as an efficient catalyst for the selective synthesis of ureas from a broad range of isocyanates in the presence of H2O at room temperature with a high product yield (up to 93%) and a TOF value up to 15.25 h−1. The α-Ti(HPO4)2·H2O nanomaterial also catalytically converts glucose to levulinic acid (LA) and subsequently LA to alkyl levulinates in the presence of different alcohols with a high product yield (up to 98%) and a TOF value up to 43.00 h−1. Furthermore, all the reactions are performed under green and facile catalytic conditions without using any hazardous solvent. The α-Ti(HPO4)2·H2O catalyst material was also found to be reusable for manifold cycles for all the reactions, keeping its catalytic efficiency along with its structural and morphological characteristics unaffected, supporting its industrial relevance.

Selective N-methylation and carbamate formation reactions were demonstrated via the chemical incorporation of CO2 using a Zn-loaded TFP-DAQ COF (covalent organic framework) as an active catalyst under mild reaction conditions. The selective N-methylation and N-formylation reactions were performed by simply varying the type of solvent. The Zn(II)@TFP-DAQ COF catalyst was characterized via different characterization techniques such as PXRD, FTIR, UV-vis, N2 adsorption–desorption studies, FESEM and TEM. The catalyst material showed pores in the mesoporous region with a high surface area of 1117.375 m2 g−1. The as-synthesized material was applied as a cheap catalyst for the N-methylation of secondary amines and in carbamate formation reactions with high yields of the desired products up to 98.5% and 97%, respectively, with >99% selectivity. The catalyst was found to be completely heterogeneous and reusable for multiple reaction cycles.

The benign synthesis of a macroporous polystyrene (MPS) supported chromium MPS-Cr(III)-alen catalyst has been carried out precisely and characterized using different spectroscopic techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The MPS-Cr(III)-alen catalyst shows noteworthy performance for the sustainable production of cyclic carbonates from various substituted epoxides employing a CO2 balloon at room temperature under solvent free conditions. Additionally, the MPS-Cr(III)-alen material was also evaluated for the selective oxidation reaction of aromatic alkenes in the presence of 30% aqueous H2O2. This material can be easily reused for several runs with almost consistent efficiency.

Synthesis of cyclic carbonates via CO2 cycloaddition reaction with epoxides is one of the promising strategies to valorize greenhouse gas CO2, thereby fixing it to the value-added chemicals. In this study, uniform copper oxide nanoparticles (Cu2O, Cu4O3) with variable oxidation states are stabilized by functionalized covalent organic frameworks (COF) and effectively utilized as a catalyst for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates under ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure. Characterization techniques e.g. powdered X-ray Diffraction (PXRD), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and nitrogen physisorption (BET) coupled with DFT studies predict that the copper oxide nanoparticles are anchored on the mesochannels of covalent organic frameworks through a covalent-coordinate linkage. The catalyst exhibits significantly high turn over numbers (TON, order of 105) and more than 99% selectivity towards synthesis of cyclic carbonates with exceptional recyclability.

CO2 insertion reactions draw the attention of researchers today as they could have a major positive impact on the global carbon balance. Flower-like mesoporous titanium phosphate (Ti(HPO4)2·H2O) has been produced by an easy template-free method via refluxing at 50 °C for 18 h. The product is characterized by PXRD, UV–vis, FTIR, N2 adsorption–desorption, FESEM, and TEM studies. The material showed the generation of identical mesopores at 3.9 nm. The titanium phosphate material showed brilliant catalytic activity for the synthesis of cyclic organic carbonates and carbamates with high yields up to 97% and 93%, respectively, via chemical fixation of the greenhouse gas CO2 over different epoxide and amine substrates, respectively, in a solvent-free state at room temperature within a short reaction period. The reusability of the phosphate material has also been examined for 5 cycles for each of the two reactions.

Intracerebral haemorrhage is one of the uncommon initial CNS manifestations of choriocarcinoma in reproductive age group women. Disease is usually diagnosed by history, clinical examinations and investigations like CT scan of brain and chest, MRI of brain, USG, X-ray chest P/A view and high level of â-hCG in serum and CSF. Overall prognosis of this disease is generally good (80-90% long term survival with chemotherapy and radiotherapy). But intracranial metastasis has poor prognosis which comprises 3-28% of choriocarcinoma. Most intracranial metastasis occurs late in the course of disease but 20% experiences as first sign. Our patient is a teenager girl presented with convulsion and loss of consciousness. CT scan of brain revealed hemorrhage in right fronto-parietal region with ventricular extension, X-ray chest P/A view shows metastasis in mid zone of right lung, USG shows invasion in posterior myometrium and high concentration of serum â-hCG (273400 mUI/ ml) confirmed our diagnosis. This case report describes that the conservative treatment with radiotherapy and chemotherapy gives good outcome of with metastasic intracerebral haemorrhage with choriocarcinoma is rewarding with farther radio and chemotherapy. J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2019; 37(3): 151-155

Nanotechnology has the impending ability to improve the therapeutic potential of drugs and radiation-based treatment approaches for reducing cancerous cell death while curtailing collateral toxicity to non-cancerous cells. Among all metal nanomaterials, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are establishing themselves as an excellent radiosensitizer and serve as a multimodal modality due to their unique physicochemical properties. The primordial purpose of the work is to evaluate the synergistic effect and molecular level interaction of gamma (γ) radiation on human cervical cancer cell (HeLa) in the presence of AuNPs. Biocompatible AuNPs in combination with γ-radiation were found to exhibit elated cytotoxic effects on cancer cells as evidenced by cell-based assays. The implication of AuNPs facilitates the minimization of radiation dose employment on cultured cells. As per our experimental evaluation, the modus operandi of dual effectors ascertained that a higher amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a key role in cellular functionality collapse. In that scenario, it can be concluded that AuNP-mediated radiosensitization proved to be the plausible candidate for preclinical testing in nanoparticle-based radiotherapy.

A new heterogeneous polymer supported solid phase oxovanadium(IV) catalyst was synthesized successfully. The designed catalyst furnished excellent results in the oxidation reactions of various aromatic alkanes, e.g. toluene, para-xylene, mesitylene. The polymer supported vanadium complex was proved also an efficient catalyst for the oxidation of aromatic alkenes, like substituted styrenes, trans-stilbene, etc. under mild reaction conditions. The supported catalyst was nicely elucidated by SEM-EDAX, TGA, FT-IR and UV–Vis spectral analysis. The catalytic activity was tested in the presence of an environment-friendly oxidant, 30% aqueous H2O2 during the oxidation of broad range of substrates. Another important fact is that the designed oxovanadium(IV) catalyst is heterogeneous in nature. Moreover, the newly synthesized oxovanadium(IV) complex exhibited a notable recoverability and it could be recycled up to six runs devoid of any prominent reduction in catalytic behavior.

Novel polystyrene incorporated Palladium (II) catalyst was developed and well characterized. The efficiency of the supported Pd(II) catalytic material was checked for double carbonylation reaction of 2° amines and aryl iodides to their corresponding α-ketoamides under high pressure reaction conditions. The reaction was carried out in 60 psi carbon monoxide pressure. An extensive variety of aryl iodides in combination with 2° amines in presence of carbon monoxide can produce the respective α-ketoamides with superb chemoselectivity. Effect of solvents, bases, time and amount of catalyst for the production of α-ketoamides were reported. This supported Pd(II)complex was highly catalytically active and recyclable. The developed catalytic material was regenerated by filtration. It could be recycled further six times with no such profound loss in its activity.

Herein, we report the molecular and supramolecular structure, photoluminescence, redox behavior and product selective catalytic activity of [Cu2(oxalate)(1,10-phen)2Cl2] (where 1,10-phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) synthesized by using hydrophilic oxalate as bridging ligand and the hydrophobic 1,10-phen as the blocker ligand. Structural analysis reveals that this binuclear Cu(II)-complex crystallizes in achiral monoclinic P21/n space group and it has a 3D supramolecular structure. Each Cu-center displays five coordinated distorted square pyramidal geometry. Two such Cu centers are connected by oxalato-bridge to form the bi-nuclear-metal core and two 1,10-phen molecules block the outer periphery of the core and restrains further polymerization. These binuclear metallic units are connected by supramolecular hydrogen bonding and π⋯π interactions to form a 3D supramolecular architecture. The complex is stable up to 230 °C. A reversible redox couple centered at (E1/2) ∼ −27 mV with ΔEp ∼ 206 mV corresponding to the CuII/I couple was detected in the cyclic voltammogram of the complex in acetonitrile. The complex shows emission maxima at 451 and 480 nm upon excitation at 340 nm due to π-π* transition in the aromatic π-rings of 1,10-phenanthroline. Density functional analysis has been performed to explore the molecular structure and character of the orbitals within the complex. Due to the presence of five coordinated Cu-centers, the lewis acidic catalytic activity of the complex has been studied. It exhibits selective oxidation behavior for alkenes in presence of several oxidants. It shows 100% selectivity with 70% conversion for the oxidation of cis-cyclooctene to corresponding epoxide at 50 °C in presence of H2O2 as oxidant in acetonitrile.

Chemical fixation of CO2 into the organic molecules is very challenging from the perspective of greenhouse gas consumption and manufacturing of chemicals with C1 backbone. The process was developed with the synthesis of an efficient polystyrene functionalized Magnesium-anthranilic acid complex (Mg@PS-anthra). The catalytic system was successfully explored as a heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates by CO2 fixation at atmospheric pressure and Knoevenagel condensation reaction under room temperature solvent free condition. The material was thoroughly characterized by diffuse reflectance UV-vis, FTIR spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) techniques. The catalytic pathway has been investigated for the cyclo-addition reaction of epoxides using atmospheric CO2 accompanied by the Knoevenagel condensation reaction with a variety of different aldehydes over cost effective environmental friendly Mg-catalyst. This is attributed to its high catalytic activity, recovery simplicity and excellent five times recycling efficiency; without any substantial decrease in catalytic performance.

Mohammad Manirul Islam,1,2,* Fahima Hossain,2,3 Najmuj Sakib,4,* Zebunnesa Zeba,5 AKM Israfil Bhuiyan,6 Mohammed A Mamun,5– 7 Mark Mohan Kaggwa,8 Ken Yoshimura,2,7,9 Sadia Afrin,2,7 Sheikh Selim,10 Moazzem Hossain2,7 1BMT Unit, Department of Hematology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh; 2Thalassemia Hospital and Institute, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh; 3International Center for Diarrheal Diseases and Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh; 4Department of Microbiology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh; 5Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh; 6CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh; 7Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology of Bangladesh, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh; 8Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda; 9Japan Snake Institute, Ota Gunma, Japan; 10Humanity Beyond Barriers, Davis, CA, USA*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Mohammed A Mamun; Mark Mohan Kaggwa Email mamunphi46@gmail.com; kmarkmohan@gmail.comBackground: The inheritable thalassemia and other structural hemoglobinopathies are prevalent globally. In Bangladesh, there is a scarcity of studies concerning thalassemia and other structural hemoglobinopathies. Hence, the present study investigated the prevalence and distribution of β-thalassemia and other hemoglobinopathies among the university students and ready-made garment (RMG) workers.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted, whereas a total of 989 subjects were selected randomly from 10 garments industries (n=495) and five universities (n=494) for diagnosis and counseling from April 2018 to August 2018. Basic information related to the study and venous blood was collected and subjected to capillary Hb-electrophoresis for each participant.Results: The present study identified thalassemia carriers and other hemoglobinopathies among 13.6% of the participants (14.1% university students and 13.2% RMG workers). The most common form of hemoglobin formation disorder was the Hb-E trait (10.5%), considering both participants’ groups. Other forms of hemoglobin formation disorders observed were a β-thalassemia trait, Hb-D trait, Hb-E disease, and β-thalassemia major. The hemoglobinopathies were significantly associated with the individuals who had a family history of thalassemia and were not vaccinated against hepatitis B in the total sample. Although not statistically suggestive, the most considerable portion (87.3%) of the carriers was unmarried in the present findings.Conclusion: The present study findings are anticipated to help the public health authorities by providing novel data (of a neglected cohort, ie, RGM workers), facilitating the upcoming comprehensive national thalassemia prevention programs.Keywords: thalassemia, hemoglobinopathies, premarital carrier screening, RMG workers, thalassemia education and awareness, Bangladesh

The present study describes the favourable construction of a crystalline covalent organic framework (COF) with exceptional surface area, tunable pore size and huge CO2 capture efficiency to facilitate a novel multicomponent cyclization by introducing CO2 into extremely reactive organic skeletons. In the presence of a catalytic Cu/CuxOy NP-loaded COF, several 2-bromo-3-alkylacrylic acids combined with several amine derivatives and CO2 (0.1 MPa) are converted to the desired oxazolidinediones in excellent yields (up to 96%) under alkali-free conditions and ambient temperature.