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51. Sedimentology of Martian Gravels from Mardi Twilight Imaging: Techniques

Author

Garvin, James B, Malin, Michael C, and Minitti, M. E

Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration
Abstract

Quantitative sedimentologic analysis of gravel surfaces dominated by pebble-sized clasts has been employed in an effort to untangle aspects of the provenance of surface sediments on Mars using Curiosity's MARDI nadir-viewing camera operated at twilight Images have been systematically acquired since sol 310 providing a representative sample of gravel-covered surfaces since the rover departed the Shaler region. The MARDI Twilight imaging dataset offers approximately 1 millimeter spatial resolution (slightly out of focus) for patches beneath the rover that cover just under 1 m2 in area, under illumination that makes clast size and inter-clast spacing analysis relatively straightforward using semi- automated codes developed for use with nadir images. Twilight images are utilized for these analyses in order to reduce light scattering off dust deposited on the front MARDI lens element during the terminal stages of Curiosity's entry, descent and landing. Such scattering is worse when imaging bright, directly-illuminated surfaces; twilight imaging times yield diffusely-illuminated surfaces that improve the clarity of the resulting MARDI product. Twilight images are obtained between 10-30 minutes after local sunset, governed by the timing of the end of the no-heat window for the camera. Techniques were also utilized to examine data terrestrial locations (the Kau Desert in Hawaii and near Askja Caldera in Iceland). Methods employed include log hyperbolic size distribution (LHD) analysis and Delauney Triangulation (DT) inter-clast spacing analysis. This work extends the initial results reported in Yingst et al., that covered the initial landing zone, to the Rapid-Transit Route (RTR) towards Mount Sharp.

Published
2014

52. Mars Science Laboratory Mission and Science Investigation

Author

Grotzinger, John P., primary, Crisp, Joy, additional, Vasavada, Ashwin R., additional, Anderson, Robert C., additional, Baker, Charles J., additional, Barry, Robert, additional, Blake, David F., additional, Conrad, Pamela, additional, Edgett, Kenneth S., additional, Ferdowski, Bobak, additional, Gellert, Ralf, additional, Gilbert, John B., additional, Golombek, Matt, additional, Gómez-Elvira, Javier, additional, Hassler, Donald M., additional, Jandura, Louise, additional, Litvak, Maxim, additional, Mahaffy, Paul, additional, Maki, Justin, additional, Meyer, Michael, additional, Malin, Michael C., additional, Mitrofanov, Igor, additional, Simmonds, John J., additional, Vaniman, David, additional, Welch, Richard V., additional, and Wiens, Roger C., additional

Published
2012
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53. The Comet Nucleus Tour (Contour); A NASA Discovery Mission

Author

Cochran, Anita, Veverka, Joseph, Bell, James, Belton, Michael, Benkhoff, Johannes, Benkhoff, Andrew, Clark, Benton, Feldman, Paul, Kissel, Jochen, Mahaffy, Paul, Malin, Michael, Murchie, Scott, Neimann, Hasso, Owen, Tobias, Robinson, Mark, Schwehm, Gerhard, Squyres, Steve, Thomas, Peter, Whipple, Fred, and Yeomans, Donald

Published
2000
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56. Evidence for recent volcanism on Mars from crater counts

Author

Hartmann, William K., Malin, Michael, McEwen, Alfred, Carr, Michael, Soderblom, Larry, Thomas, Peter, Danielson, Ed, James, Phillip, and Veverka, Joseph

Subjects
Mars (Planet) -- Observations, Volcanism -- Research, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Images from the Mars Orbiter Camera on the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft show crater populations extending the size distribution down to around 16 m. The results suggest a broad range of surface ages. Lava flows within the Arsia Mons caldera are estimated to be no more than 40-100 million years old, and it is suggested that on Mars, volcanism is a continuing process.

Published
1999

57. The Comet Nucleus Tour (Contour)

Author

Cochran, Anita, primary, Veverka, Joseph, additional, Bell, James, additional, Belton, Michael, additional, Benkhoff, Johannes, additional, Cheng, Andrew, additional, Clark, Benton, additional, Feldman, Paul, additional, Kissel, Jochen, additional, Mahaffy, Paul, additional, Malin, Michael, additional, Murchie, Scott, additional, Neimann, Hasso, additional, Owen, Tobias, additional, Robinson, Mark, additional, Schwehm, Gerhard, additional, Squyres, Steve, additional, Thomas, Peter, additional, Whipple, Fred, additional, and Yeomans, Donald, additional

Published
2002
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59. Early Results from the Odyssey THEMIS Investigation

Author

Christensen, Philip R, Bandfield, Joshua L, Bell, James F., III, Hamilton, Victoria E, Ivanov, Anton, Jakosky, Bruce M, Kieffer, Hugh H, Lane, Melissa D, Malin, Michael C, and McConnochie, Timothy

Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration
Abstract

The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) began studying the surface and atmosphere of Mars in February, 2002 using thermal infrared (IR) multi-spectral imaging between 6.5 and 15 m, and visible/near-IR images from 450 to 850 nm. The infrared observations continue a long series of spacecraft observations of Mars, including the Mariner 6/7 Infrared Spectrometer, the Mariner 9 Infrared Interferometer Spectrometer (IRIS), the Viking Infrared Thermal Mapper (IRTM) investigations, the Phobos Termoscan, and the Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer (MGS TES). The THEMIS investigation's specific objectives are to: (1) determine the mineralogy of localized deposits associated with hydrothermal or sub-aqueous environments, and to identify future landing sites likely to represent these environments; (2) search for thermal anomalies associated with active sub-surface hydrothermal systems; (3) study small-scale geologic processes and landing site characteristics using morphologic and thermophysical properties; (4) investigate polar cap processes at all seasons; and (5) provide a high spatial resolution link to the global hyperspectral mineral mapping from the TES investigation. THEMIS provides substantially higher spatial resolution IR multi-spectral images to complement TES hyperspectral (143-band) global mapping, and regional visible imaging at scales intermediate between the Viking and MGS cameras.

Published
2003

61. Mars Global Surveyor Mars Orbiter Camera: Interplanetary Cruise Through Primary Mission

Author

Malin, Michael C and Edgett, Kenneth S

Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration
Abstract

More than three years of high-resolution (1.5-20 m/pixel) photographic observations of the surface of Mars have dramatically changed our view of that planet. Among the most important observations and interpretations derived are that much of Mars, at least to depths of several kilometers, is layered; that substantial portions of the planet have experienced burial and subsequent exhumation; that layered and massive units, many kilometers thick, appear to reflect an ancient period of large-scale erosion and deposition within what are now the ancient heavily cratered regions of Mars; and that processes previously unsuspected, including gully-forming fluid action and burial and exhumation of large tracts of land, have operated within near-contemporary times. These and many other attributes of the planet argue for a complex geology and complicated history.

Published
2001
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62. The TES Hematite-Rich Region in Sinus Meridiani: A Proposed Landing Site for the 2003 Rover

Author

Christensen, Philip R, Bandfield, Joshua, Hamilton, Victoria, Ruff, Steven, Morris, Richard, Lane, Melissa, and Malin, Michael

Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration
Abstract

The Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) instrument on the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) mission has identified an accumulation of crystalline hematite (alpha-Fe2O3) that covers an area with very sharp boundaries approximately 350 by 750 km in size centered near 2 S latitude between 0 and 8 W longitude (Sinus Meridiani). The depth and shape of the hematite fundamental bands in the TES spectra show that the hematite is relatively coarse grained (greater than 5-10 micrometers). The spectrally-derived areal abundance of hematite varies with particle size from approximately 10% for particles greater than 30 micrometers in diameter to 40-60% for unpacked 10 micrometer powders. The hematite in Sinus Meridiani is thus distinct from the fine-grained (diameter less than 5-10 micrometers), red, crystalline hematite considered, on the basis of visible and near-IR data, to be a minor spectral component in Martian bright regions. A global map of the hematite abundance has been constructed using TES data from the MGS mapping mission.

Published
2001

66. Aeolin Features and Processes at the Mars Pathfinder Landing Site

Author

Greeley, Ronald, Kraft, Michael, Sullivan, Robert, Wilson, Gregory, Bridges, Nathan, Herkenhoff, Ken, Kuzmin, Ruslan, Malin, Michael, and Ward, Wes

Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration
Abstract

The Mars Pathfinder landing site contains abundant features attributed to aeolian, or wind, processes. These include wind tails, drift deposits, duneforms of various types, ripplelike features, and ventifacts (the first clearly seen on Mars). Many of these features are consistant with formation involving sand-size particles. Although some features, such as dunes, could develop from saltating sand-size aggregates of finer grains, the discovery of ventifact flutes cut in rocks strongly suggests that at least some of the grains are crystalline, rather than aggregates. Excluding the ventifacts, the orientations of the wind-related features correlate well with the orientations of bright wind steaks seen on Viking Orbiter images in the general area. They also correlate with wind direction predictions from the NASA-Ames General Circulation Model (GCM) which show that the strongest winds in the area occur in the northern hemisphere winter and are directed toward 209 degrees.

Published
1999
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67. ECOA, Regulation B, and the spousal guaranty: recent developments.

Author

Palmer, Kevin A. and Malin, Michael H., Jr.

Subjects
Credit -- Laws, regulations and rules, Commercial loans -- Laws, regulations and rules, Husband and wife -- Laws, regulations and rules, Suretyship and guaranty -- Laws, regulations and rules, Equal Credit Opportunity Act
Abstract

The authors examine the protections afforded spouses under the Equal Credit Opportunity Act and Regulation B in the context of spousal guaranties of commercial loans to business entities. They discuss remedies available to injured plaintiffs, proposes compliance guidelines for commercial lenders seeking to avoid the pitfalls in this area, and consider viable strategies for claimants seeking to invoke the Act's remedial provisions.

Published
1998

68. Clementine High Resolution Camera Mosaicking Project

Author

Malin, Michael, Revine, Michael, and Boyce, Joseph M

Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration
Abstract

This compact disk (CD) is part of the Malin Space Science Systems (MSSS) effort to mosaic Clementine I high resolution (HiRes) camera lunar images. These mosaics were developed through calibration and semi-automated registration against the recently released geometrically and photometrically controlled Ultraviolet/Visible (UV/Vis) Basemap Mosaic, which is available through the PDS, as CD-ROM volumes CL_3001-3015. The HiRes mosaics are compiled from non-uniformity corrected, 750 nanometer ("D") filter high resolution observations from the HiRes imaging system onboard the Clementine Spacecraft. These mosaics are spatially warped using the sinusoidal equal-area projection at a scale of 20 m/pixel. The geometric control is provided by the 100 m/pixel U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Clementine Basemap Mosaic compiled from the 750 nm Ultraviolet/Visible Clementine imaging system. Calibration was achieved by removing the image nonuniformity largely caused by the HiRes system's light intensifier. Also provided are offset and scale factors, achieved by a fit of the HiRes data to the corresponding photometrically calibrated UV/Vis basemap that approximately transform the 8-bit HiRes data to photometric units. The mosaics on this CD were compiled from sub-polar data (latitudes 80 degrees South to 80 degrees North; -80 to +80) within the longitude range 0-30 deg E. The mosaics are divided into tiles that cover approximately 1.75 degrees of latitude and span the longitude range of the mosaicked frames. Images from a given orbit are map projected using the orbit's nominal central latitude. This CD contains ancillary data files that support the HiRes mosaic. These files include browse images with UV/Vis context stored in a Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) format, index files ('imgindx.tab' and 'srcindx.tab') that tabulate the contents of the CD, and documentation files. For more information on the contents and organization of the CD volume set refer to the "FILES, DIRECTORIES AND DISK CONTENTS" section of this document. The image files are organized according to NASA's Planetary Data System (PDS) standards. An image file (tile) is organized as a PDS labeled file containing an "image object".

Published
1998

69. Shaler: insitu analysis of a fluvial sedimentary deposit on Mars

Author

Milliken, Ralph E., Minitti, Michelle, Palucis, Marisa, Rice, Melissa, Rowland, Scott K., Schieber, Juergen, Stack, Kathryn M., Sumner, Dawn Y., Wiens, Roger C., Williams, Rebecca M. E., Williams, Amy J., Edgar, Lauren A., Gupta, Sanjeev, Rubin, David M., Lewis, Kevin W., Kocurek, Gary A., Anderson, Ryan B., Bell, James F., Dromart, Gilles, Edgett, Kenneth S., Grotzinger, John P., Hardgrove, Craig, Kah, Linda C., Leveille, Richard, Malin, Michael C., Mangold, Nicolas, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Mars, sedimentology, stratigraphy, Gale crater, Fluvial
Abstract

International audience; This paper characterizes the detailed sedimentology of a fluvial sandbody on Mars for the first time and interprets its depositional processes and palaeoenvironmental setting. Despite numerous orbital observations of fluvial landforms on the surface of Mars, ground-based characterization of the sedimentology of such fluvial deposits has not previously been possible. Results from the NASA Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover provide an opportunity to reconstruct at fine scale the sedimentary architecture and palaeomorphology of a fluvial environment on Mars. This work describes the grain size, texture and sedimentary facies of the Shaler outcrop, reconstructs the bedding architecture, and analyses cross-stratification to determine palaeocurrents. On the basis of bedset geometry and inclination, grain-size distribution and bedform migration direction, this study concludes that the Shaler outcrop probably records the accretion of a fluvial barform. The majority of the outcrop consists of large-scale trough cross-bedding of coarse sand and granules. Palaeocurrent analyses and bedform reconstruction indicate that the beds were deposited by bedforms that migrated towards the north-east, across the surface of a bar that migrated south-east. Stacked cosets of dune cross-bedding suggest aggradation of multiple bedforms, which provides evidence for short periods of sustained flow during Shaler deposition. However, local evidence for aeolian reworking and the presence of potential desiccation cracks within the outcrop suggest that fluvial deposition may have been intermittent. The uppermost strata at Shaler are distinct in terms of texture and chemistry and are inferred to record deposition from a different sediment dispersal system with a contrasting provenance. The outcrop as a whole is a testament to the availability of liquid water on the surface of Mars in its early history.

Published
2018
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70. A simple model of clastic sediments on Mars

Author

Christensen, Philip R and Malin, Michael C

Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Exploration
Abstract

In preparation for the start of Mars Observer operations at Mars later this year, Viking Infrared Thermal Mapper (IRTM) observations were synthesized into a simple but geologically coherent conceptual model for use in establishing targets for coordinated Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) and Mars Observer Camera (MOC) observations. The model is based on three assumptions that are, at best, only partly true: that albedo is a measure of the presence or absence of dust; that thermal inertia is a measure of the weighted average particle size; and that rock abundance is a measure of the statistical thickness of fine sediment (i.e., that the observed areal abundance of rock reflects the whole or partial burial of rocks). Using this model, it is possible to show that, on the scale of 30 km, mantles of wind-transportable sediment (dust and sand) are at most about 1 m thick, and that on a global average such mantles are about 35 cm thick. It is shown that 3.8 x 10(exp 19) cu cm of such sediment covers Mars equatorward of +/- 60 deg latitude. Using the model, interpretation of digital maps of IRTM data focus attention not only on areas where dust is the primary sediment (e.g., Arabia Terra), but also on areas where sand is the primary sediment (e.g., eastern Valles Marineris) and where rocks and other coarse materials are abundant (e.g., eastern Kasei Vallis). Three IRTM data sets are used in the analysis: Viking 1 and 2 pre-dawn observations mosaiced into a global map of single-point thermal inertias at 0.5 deg/bin resolution; Pleskot and Miner's global albedo map using the best available, clear-period IRTM observations (1x/bin); and Christensen's 1 deg/bin rock abundance map. Uncertainty analyses indicate these data sets to be accurate to 5 percent, 2 percent, and 20 percent, respectively.

Published
1993

71. Tectonic resurfacing of Venus

Author

Malin, Michael C, Grimm, Robert E, and Herrick, Robert R

Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Exploration
Abstract

Impact crater distributions and morphologies have traditionally played an important role in unraveling the geologic histories of terrestrial objects, and Venus has proved no exception. The key observations are: mean crater retention age about 500 Ma; apparently random spatial distribution; modest proportion (17 percent) of modified craters; and preferential association of modified craters with areas of low crater density. The simplest interpretation of these data alone is that Venus experienced global resurfacing (assumed to be largely volcanic) prior to 500 Ma, after which time resurfacing rates decreased dramatically. This scenario does not totally exclude present geological activity: some resurfacing and crater obliteration is occurring on part of the planet, but at rates much smaller than on Earth. An alternative endmember model holds that resurfacing is also spatially randomly distributed. Resurfacing of about 1 sq km/yr eliminates craters such that a typical portion of the surface has an age of 500 Ma, but actual ages range from zero to about 1000 Ma. Monte Carlo simulation indicates that the typical resurfacing 'patch' cannot exceed about 500 km in diameter without producing a crater distribution more heterogeneous than observed. Volcanic or tectonic processes within these patches must be locally intense to be able to obliterate craters completely and leave few modified. In this abstract, we describe how global geologic mapping may be used to test resurfacing hypotheses. We present preliminary evidence that the dominant mode of resurfacing on Venus is tectonism, not volcanism, and that this process must be ongoing today. Lastly, we outline a conceptual model in which to understand the relationship between global tectonics and crater distribution and preservation.

Published
1993

72. Mass movements on Venus - Preliminary results from Magellan cycle 1 observations

Author

Malin, Michael C

Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Exploration
Abstract

A preliminary assessment of mass movements and their geomorphic characteristics as determined from visual inspection of Magellan cycle 1 synthetic aperture radar images is described. The primary data set was a catalog of over 200 ten-inch square photographic prints of full-resolution mosaic image data records. Venus exhibits unambiguous evidence of mass movements at a variety of scales. Mass movements appear mostly in the form of block and rock movements; there is little evidence of regolith and sediment movements. Unique Venusian conditions may play a role in the creation of some mass movement features. Dark (smooth) surfaces surrounding many rockslide avalanches are probably fine materials emplaced as part of the mass movement process, as airfall, surface-hugging density flows, or coarse-depleted debris flows. The size and efficiency of emplacement of landslide deposits on Venus are comparable to those seen on Mars, which in turn generally resemble terrestrial occurrences.

Published
1992

73. Surface modification of Venus as inferred from Magellan observations of plains

Author

Arvidson, Raymond E, Greeley, Ronald, Malin, Michael C, Saunders, R. S, Izenberg, Noam, Plaut, Jeffrey J, Stofan, Ellen R, and Shepard, Michael K

Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Exploration
Abstract

Magellan radar and altimetry data are analyzed to understand the extent to which surface processes, such as impact crater ejecta emplacement, aeolian processes, and weathering, have modified Venusian plains. The analysis focuses on three areas: (1) lava flows of different relative ages in Sedna Planitia to determine the degradation history of Venusian volcanic surfaces; (2) the 65-km-diameter impact crater Stuart to evaluate the effects of ejecta emplacement on plains surfaces; and (3) elevated plains in western Ovda Regio to explore the nature and rate of production of highly reflective surfaces that dominate terrains that are greater than 6054 km in radius.

Published
1992

74. Thermal emission spectrometer experiment - Mars Observer mission

Author

Christensen, Philip R, Anderson, Donald L, Chase, Stillman C, Clark, Roger N, Kieffer, Hugh H, Malin, Michael C, Pearl, John C, Carpenter, James, Bandiera, Nuno, and Brown, F. G

Subjects
Spacecraft Instrumentation
Abstract

The paper describes the thermal emission spectrometer (TES) designed for the Mars Observer mission. The TES measurements of the surface and the atmosphere of Mars will be used to determine and map the composition of the surface rocks, minerals, and the condensates. Examples of information that will be obtained from TES data include mineral abundance maps, condensate properties and their distribution in time and space, aerosol properties and their distribution in time and space, the rock abundance, the polar energy balance, and properties of gaseous species. Where appropriate, these derived parameters will be distributed in the form of gridded map, to allow direct comparison with other derived data sets.

Published
1992

75. The State and Future of Mars Polar Science and Exploration

Author

Clifford, Stephen M., Crisp, David, Fisher, David A., Herkenhoff, Ken E., Smrekar, Suzanne E., Thomas, Peter C., Wynn-Williams, David D., Zurek, Richard W., Barnes, Jeffrey R., Bills, Bruce G., Blake, Erik W., Calvin, Wendy M., Cameron, Jonathan M., Carr, Michael H., Christensen, Philip R., Clark, Benton C., Clow, Gary D., Cutts, James A., Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe, Durham, William B., Fanale, Fraser P., Farmer, Jack D., Forget, Francois, Gotto-Azuma, Kumiko, Grard, Rejean, Haberle, Robert M., Harrison, William, Harvey, Ralph, Howard, Alan D., Ingersoll, Andy P., James, Philip B., Kargel, Jeffrey S., Kieffer, Hugh H., Larsen, Janus, Lepper, Kenneth, Malin, Michael C., McCleese, Daniel J., Murray, Bruce, Nye, John F., Paige, David A., Platt, Stephen R., Plaut, Jeff J., Reeh, Niels, Rice, James W., Jr., Smith, David E., Stoker, Carol R., Tanaka, Kenneth L., Mosley-Thompson, Ellen, Thorsteinsson, Thorsteinn, Wood, Stephen E., Zent, Aaron, Zuber, Maria T., and Jay Zwally, H.

Published
2000
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77. Intrusive and extrusive growth of the Mount St Helens lava dome

Author

Fink, Jonathan H, Malin, Michael C, and Anderson, Steven W

Subjects
Geophysics
Abstract

High-resolution, digital topographic maps of the Mount St. Helens dome derived from aerial photographs are used here to make a quantitative assessment of the partitioning of magma into endogenous intrusion and exogenous lobes. The endogenous growth is found to be predictable, which shows that the cooling dome controls its own development independently of such deep-seated factors as magma overpressure and extrusion rate. The observed regular decrease in exogenous growth rate also allows volume prediction. Knowledge of the volume can be used to determine when an ongoing eruptive event should end. Finally, the observed transition from predominantly exogenous to predominantly endogenous growth reflects the increase in crust thickness, which in turn seems to depend on long repose periods rather than some fundamental change in the character of the dome.

Published
1990
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78. Planetary Geomorphology

Author

Malin, Michael C

Subjects
Ground Support Systems And Facilities (Space)
Abstract

One of the major problems in the series of ice runs was that the subsurface temperature probes did not function. AIC re-evaluated the design and, after testing several suitable sensors, installed 50 type T thermocouples, each 2 m long. In this design, each thermocouple was soldered to a rectangular copper foil spreader 0.3 com wide by 2.8 cm long to ensure an acute reading. The long rectangular shape was used because it had a large area for good thermal connection to the test material.

Published
1990

79. Oxidation of manganese in an ancient aquifer, Kimberley formation, Gale crater, Mars: Manganese Fracture Fills in Gale Crater

Author

Lanza, Nina L., Wiens, Roger C., Arvidson, Raymond E., Clark, Benton C., Fischer, Woodward W., Gellert, Ralf, Grotzinger, John P., Hurowitz, Joel A., McLennan, Scott M., Morris, Richard V., Rice, Melissa S., Bell, James F., Berger, Jeffrey A., Blaney, Diana L., Bridges, Nathan T., Calef, Fred, Campbell, John L., Clegg, Samuel M., Cousin, Agnes, Edgett, Kenneth S., Fabre, Cécile, Fisk, Martin R., Forni, Olivier, Frydenvang, Jens, Hardy, Keian R., Hardgrove, Craig, Johnson, Jeffrey R., Lasue, Jeremie, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, Malin, Michael C., Mangold, Nicolas, Martìn-Torres, Javier, Maurice, Sylvestre, McBride, Marie J., Ming, Douglas W., Newsom, Horton E., Ollila, Ann M., Sautter, Violaine, Schröder, Susanne, Thompson, Lucy M., Treiman, Allan H., VanBommel, Scott, Vaniman, David T., and Zorzano, Marìa-Paz

Abstract

The Curiosity rover observed high Mn abundances (>25 wt % MnO) in fracture‐filling materials that crosscut sandstones in the Kimberley region of Gale crater, Mars. The correlation between Mn and trace metal abundances plus the lack of correlation between Mn and elements such as S, Cl, and C, reveals that these deposits are Mn oxides rather than evaporites or other salts. On Earth, environments that concentrate Mn and deposit Mn minerals require water and highly oxidizing conditions; hence, these findings suggest that similar processes occurred on Mars. Based on the strong association between Mn‐oxide deposition and evolving atmospheric dioxygen levels on Earth, the presence of these Mn phases on Mars suggests that there was more abundant molecular oxygen within the atmosphere and some groundwaters of ancient Mars than in the present day.

Published
2016

80. Shaler: in situ analysis of a fluvial sedimentary deposit on Mars

Author

Edgar, Lauren A., primary, Gupta, Sanjeev, additional, Rubin, David M., additional, Lewis, Kevin W., additional, Kocurek, Gary A., additional, Anderson, Ryan B., additional, Bell, James F., additional, Dromart, Gilles, additional, Edgett, Kenneth S., additional, Grotzinger, John P., additional, Hardgrove, Craig, additional, Kah, Linda C., additional, Leveille, Richard, additional, Malin, Michael C., additional, Mangold, Nicolas, additional, Milliken, Ralph E., additional, Minitti, Michelle, additional, Palucis, Marisa, additional, Rice, Melissa, additional, Rowland, Scott K., additional, Schieber, Juergen, additional, Stack, Kathryn M., additional, Sumner, Dawn Y., additional, Wiens, Roger C., additional, Williams, Rebecca M. E., additional, and Williams, Amy J., additional

Published
2017
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81. Evidence for indigenous nitrogen in sedimentary and aeolian deposits from the Curiosity rover investigations at Gale crater, Mars

Author

Stern, Jennifer C., Sutter, Brad, Freissinet, Caroline, Navarro-González, Rafael, McKay, Christopher P., Archer, P. Douglas, Buch, Arnaud, Brunner, Anna E., Coll, Patrice, Eigenbrode, Jennifer L., Fairen, Alberto G., Franz, Heather B., Glavin, Daniel P., Kashyap, Srishti, McAdam, Amy C., Ming, Douglas W., Steele, Andrew, Szopa, Cyril, Wray, James J., Martín-Torres, F. Javier, Zorzano, Maria-Paz, Conrad, Pamela G., Mahaffy, Paul R., Kemppinen, Osku, Bridges, Nathan, Johnson, Jeffrey R., Minitti, Michelle, Cremers, David, Bell, James F., Edgar, Lauren, Farmer, Jack, Godber, Austin, Wadhwa, Meenakshi, Wellington, Danika, McEwan, Ian, Newman, Claire, Richardson, Mark, Charpentier, Antoine, Peret, Laurent, King, Penelope, Blank, Jennifer, Weigle, Gerald, Schmidt, Mariek, Li, Shuai, Milliken, Ralph, Robertson, Kevin, Sun, Vivian, Baker, Michael, Edwards, Christopher, Ehlmann, Bethany, Farley, Kenneth, Griffes, Jennifer, Grotzinger, John, Miller, Hayden, Newcombe, Megan, Pilorget, Cedric, Rice, Melissa, Siebach, Kirsten, Stack, Katie, Stolper, Edward, Brunet, Claude, Hipkin, Victoria, Léveillé, Richard, Marchand, Geneviève, Sánchez, Pablo Sobrón, Favot, Laurent, Cody, George, Flückiger, Lorenzo, Lees, David, Nefian, Ara, Martin, Mildred, Gailhanou, Marc, Westall, Frances, Israël, Guy, Agard, Christophe, Baroukh, Julien, Donny, Christophe, Gaboriaud, Alain, Guillemot, Philippe, Lafaille, Vivian, Lorigny, Eric, Paillet, Alexis, Pérez, René, Saccoccio, Muriel, Yana, Charles, Armiens-Aparicio, Carlos, Rodríguez, Javier Caride, Blázquez, Isaías Carrasco, Gómez, Felipe Gómez, Gómez-Elvira, Javier, Hettrich, Sebastian, Malvitte, Alain Lepinette, Jiménez, Mercedes Marín, Martínez-Frías, Jesús, Martín-Soler, Javier, Torres, F. Javier Martín, Jurado, Antonio Molina, Mora-Sotomayor, Luis, Caro, Guillermo Muñoz, López, Sara Navarro, Peinado-González, Verónica, Pla-García, Jorge, Manfredi, José Antonio Rodriguez, Romeral-Planelló, Julio José, Fuentes, Sara Alejandra Sans, Martinez, Eduardo Sebastian, Redondo, Josefina Torres, Urqui-O'Callaghan, Roser, Mier, María-Paz Zorzano, Chipera, Steve, Lacour, Jean-Luc, Mauchien, Patrick, Sirven, Jean-Baptiste, Manning, Heidi, Fairén, Alberto, Hayes, Alexander, Joseph, Jonathan, Squyres, Steven, Sullivan, Robert, Thomas, Peter, Dupont, Audrey, Lundberg, Angela, Melikechi, Noureddine, Mezzacappa, Alissa, DeMarines, Julia, Grinspoon, David, Reitz, Günther, Prats, Benito, Atlaskin, Evgeny, Genzer, Maria, Harri, Ari-Matti, Haukka, Harri, Kahanpää, Henrik, Kauhanen, Janne, Paton, Mark, Polkko, Jouni, Schmidt, Walter, Siili, Tero, Fabre, Cécile, Wray, James, Wilhelm, Mary Beth, Poitrasson, Franck, Patel, Kiran, Gorevan, Stephen, Indyk, Stephen, Paulsen, Gale, Gupta, Sanjeev, Bish, David, Schieber, Juergen, Gondet, Brigitte, Langevin, Yves, Geffroy, Claude, Baratoux, David, Berger, Gilles, Cros, Alain, d’Uston, Claude, Forni, Olivier, Gasnault, Olivier, Lasue, Jérémie, Lee, Qiu-Mei, Maurice, Sylvestre, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, Pallier, Etienne, Parot, Yann, Pinet, Patrick, Schröder, Susanne, Toplis, Mike, Lewin, Éric, Brunner, Will, Heydari, Ezat, Achilles, Cherie, Oehler, Dorothy, Cabane, Michel, Coscia, David, Dromart, Gilles, Robert, François, Sautter, Violaine, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, Mangold, Nicolas, Nachon, Marion, Stalport, Fabien, François, Pascaline, Raulin, François, Teinturier, Samuel, Cameron, James, Clegg, Sam, Cousin, Agnès, DeLapp, Dorothea, Dingler, Robert, Jackson, Ryan Steele, Johnstone, Stephen, Lanza, Nina, Little, Cynthia, Nelson, Tony, Wiens, Roger C., Williams, Richard B., Jones, Andrea, Kirkland, Laurel, Treiman, Allan, Baker, Burt, Cantor, Bruce, Caplinger, Michael, Davis, Scott, Duston, Brian, Edgett, Kenneth, Fay, Donald, Hardgrove, Craig, Harker, David, Herrera, Paul, Jensen, Elsa, Kennedy, Megan R., Krezoski, Gillian, Krysak, Daniel, Lipkaman, Leslie, Malin, Michael, McCartney, Elaina, McNair, Sean, Nixon, Brian, Posiolova, Liliya, Ravine, Michael, Salamon, Andrew, Saper, Lee, Stoiber, Kevin, Supulver, Kimberley, Van Beek, Jason, Van Beek, Tessa, Zimdar, Robert, French, Katherine Louise, Iagnemma, Karl, Miller, Kristen, Summons, Roger, Goesmann, Fred, Goetz, Walter, Hviid, Stubbe, Johnson, Micah, Lefavor, Matthew, Lyness, Eric, Breves, Elly, Dyar, M. Darby, Fassett, Caleb, Blake, David F., Bristow, Thomas, DesMarais, David, Edwards, Laurence, Haberle, Robert, Hoehler, Tori, Hollingsworth, Jeff, Kahre, Melinda, Keely, Leslie, McKay, Christopher, Bleacher, Lora, Brinckerhoff, William, Choi, David, Conrad, Pamela, Dworkin, Jason P., Eigenbrode, Jennifer, Floyd, Melissa, Garvin, James, Glavin, Daniel, Harpold, Daniel, Mahaffy, Paul, Martin, David K., McAdam, Amy, Pavlov, Alexander, Raaen, Eric, Smith, Michael D., Stern, Jennifer, Tan, Florence, Trainer, Melissa, Meyer, Michael, Posner, Arik, Voytek, Mary, Anderson, Robert C, Aubrey, Andrew, Beegle, Luther W., Behar, Alberto, Blaney, Diana, Brinza, David, Calef, Fred, Christensen, Lance, Crisp, Joy A., DeFlores, Lauren, Feldman, Jason, Feldman, Sabrina, Flesch, Gregory, Hurowitz, Joel, Jun, Insoo, Keymeulen, Didier, Maki, Justin, Mischna, Michael, Morookian, John Michael, Parker, Timothy, Pavri, Betina, Schoppers, Marcel, Sengstacken, Aaron, Simmonds, John J., Spanovich, Nicole, Juarez, Manuel de la Torre, Vasavada, Ashwin R., Webster, Christopher R., Yen, Albert, Archer, Paul Douglas, Cucinotta, Francis, Jones, John H., Ming, Douglas, Morris, Richard V., Niles, Paul, Rampe, Elizabeth, Nolan, Thomas, Fisk, Martin, Radziemski, Leon, Barraclough, Bruce, Bender, Steve, Berman, Daniel, Dobrea, Eldar Noe, Tokar, Robert, Vaniman, David, Williams, Rebecca M. E., Yingst, Aileen, Lewis, Kevin, Leshin, Laurie, Cleghorn, Timothy, Huntress, Wesley, Manhès, Gérard, Hudgins, Judy, Olson, Timothy, Stewart, Noel, Sarrazin, Philippe, Grant, John, Vicenzi, Edward, Wilson, Sharon A., Bullock, Mark, Ehresmann, Bent, Hamilton, Victoria, Hassler, Donald, Peterson, Joseph, Rafkin, Scot, Zeitlin, Cary, Fedosov, Fedor, Golovin, Dmitry, Karpushkina, Natalya, Kozyrev, Alexander, Litvak, Maxim, Malakhov, Alexey, Mitrofanov, Igor, Mokrousov, Maxim, Nikiforov, Sergey, Prokhorov, Vasily, Sanin, Anton, Tretyakov, Vladislav, Varenikov, Alexey, Vostrukhin, Andrey, Kuzmin, Ruslan, Clark, Benton, Wolff, Michael, McLennan, Scott, Botta, Oliver, Drake, Darrell, Bean, Keri, Lemmon, Mark, Schwenzer, Susanne P., Anderson, Ryan B., Herkenhoff, Kenneth, Lee, Ella Mae, Sucharski, Robert, Hernández, Miguel Ángel de Pablo, Ávalos, Juan José Blanco, Ramos, Miguel, Kim, Myung-Hee, Malespin, Charles, Plante, Ianik, Muller, Jan-Peter, Ewing, Ryan, Boynton, William, Downs, Robert, Fitzgibbon, Mike, Harshman, Karl, Morrison, Shaunna, Dietrich, William, Kortmann, Onno, Palucis, Marisa, Sumner, Dawn Y., Williams, Amy, Lugmair, Günter, Wilson, Michael A., Rubin, David, Jakosky, Bruce, Balic-Zunic, Tonci, Frydenvang, Jens, Jensen, Jaqueline Kløvgaard, Kinch, Kjartan, Koefoed, Asmus, Madsen, Morten Bo, Stipp, Susan Louise Svane, Boyd, Nick, Campbell, John L., Gellert, Ralf, Perrett, Glynis, Pradler, Irina, VanBommel, Scott, Jacob, Samantha, Owen, Tobias, Rowland, Scott, Savijärvi, Hannu, Boehm, Eckart, Böttcher, Stephan, Burmeister, Sönke, Guo, Jingnan, Köhler, Jan, García, César Martín, Mueller-Mellin, Reinhold, Wimmer-Schweingruber, Robert, Bridges, John C., McConnochie, Timothy, Benna, Mehdi, Franz, Heather, Bower, Hannah, Brunner, Anna, Blau, Hannah, Boucher, Thomas, Carmosino, Marco, Atreya, Sushil, Elliott, Harvey, Halleaux, Douglas, Rennó, Nilton, Wong, Michael, Pepin, Robert, Elliott, Beverley, Spray, John, Thompson, Lucy, Gordon, Suzanne, Newsom, Horton, Ollila, Ann, Williams, Joshua, Vasconcelos, Paulo, Bentz, Jennifer, Nealson, Kenneth, Popa, Radu, Kah, Linda C., Moersch, Jeffrey, Tate, Christopher, Day, Mackenzie, Kocurek, Gary, Hallet, Bernard, Sletten, Ronald, Francis, Raymond, McCullough, Emily, Cloutis, Ed, ten Kate, Inge Loes, Arvidson, Raymond, Fraeman, Abigail, Scholes, Daniel, Slavney, Susan, Stein, Thomas, Ward, Jennifer, Berger, Jeffrey, Moores, John E., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA, Laboratorio de Química de Plasmas y Estudios Planetarios [Mexico], Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares [Mexico], Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM)-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Matériaux - EA 4038 (LGPM), CentraleSupélec, ASU School of Earth and Space Exploration (SESE), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Astronomy [Ithaca], Cornell University [New York], Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid] (CAB), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology [GSFC] (CRESST), Centre de Recherche Public Henri Tudor [Technoport] (CRP Henri Tudor), Centre de Recherche Public Henri-Tudor [Luxembourg] (CRP Henri-Tudor), Department of Microbiology [Amherst], University of Massachusetts [Amherst] (UMass Amherst), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS)-University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science (ARES), NASA-NASA, Geophysical Laboratory [Carnegie Institution], Carnegie Institution for Science, PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences [Atlanta], Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta], Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (IACT), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de Granada (UGR), Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering [Luleå], Luleå University of Technology (LUT), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Carnegie Institution for Science [Washington], Universidad de Granada (UGR)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cornell University, Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Department of Microbiology, IMPEC - LATMOS, Universidad de Granada (UGR)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de Granada = University of Granada (UGR)

Subjects
Martian, Multidisciplinary, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Water on Mars, nitrates, astrobiology, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Mars, Mars Exploration Program, 01 natural sciences, nitrogen, Astrobiology, Curiosity, 13. Climate action, Rocknest, 0103 physical sciences, Sample Analysis at Mars, Physical Sciences, Aeolian processes, Composition of Mars, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Nitrogen cycle, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; The Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) investigation on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Curiosity rover has detected oxidized nitrogen-bearing compounds during pyrolysis of scooped aeolian sediments and drilled sedimentary deposits within Gale crater. Total N concentrations ranged from 20 to 250 nmol N per sample. After subtraction of known N sources in SAM, our results support the equivalent of 110–300 ppm of nitrate in the Rocknest (RN) aeolian samples, and 70–260 and 330–1,100 ppm nitrate in John Klein (JK) and Cumberland (CB) mudstone deposits, respectively. Discovery of indigenous martian nitrogen in Mars surface materials has important implications for habitability and, specifically, for the potential evolution of a nitrogen cycle at some point in martian history. The detection of nitrate in both wind-drifted fines (RN) and in mudstone (JK, CB) is likely a result of N2 fixation to nitrate generated by thermal shock from impact or volcanic plume lightning on ancient Mars. Fixed nitrogen could have facilitated the development of a primitive nitrogen cycle on the surface of ancient Mars, potentially providing a biochemically accessible source of nitrogen.

Published
2015
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82. Oxidation of manganese in an ancient aquifer, Kimberley formation, Gale crater, Mars:Manganese Fracture Fills in Gale Crater

Author

Lanza, Nina L., Wiens, Roger C., Arvidson, Raymond E., Clark, Benton C., Fischer, Woodward W., Gellert, Ralf, Grotzinger, John P., Hurowitz, Joel A., Mclennan, Scott M., Morris, Richard V., Rice, Melissa S., Bell, James F., Berger, Jeffrey A., Blaney, Diana L., Bridges, Nathan T., Calef, Fred, Campbell, John L., Clegg, Samuel M., Cousin, Agnes, Edgett, Kenneth S., Fabre, Cécile, Fisk, Martin R., Forni, Olivier, Frydenvang, Jens, Hardy, Keian R., Hardgrove, Craig, Johnson, Jeffrey R., Lasue, Jeremie, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, Malin, Michael C., Mangold, Nicolas, Martìn-torres, Javier, Maurice, Sylvestre, Mcbride, Marie J., Ming, Douglas W., Newsom, Horton E., Ollila, Ann M., Sautter, Violaine, Schröder, Susanne, Thompson, Lucy M., Treiman, Allan H., Vanbommel, Scott, Vaniman, David T., Zorzano, Marìa-paz, Lanza, Nina L., Wiens, Roger C., Arvidson, Raymond E., Clark, Benton C., Fischer, Woodward W., Gellert, Ralf, Grotzinger, John P., Hurowitz, Joel A., Mclennan, Scott M., Morris, Richard V., Rice, Melissa S., Bell, James F., Berger, Jeffrey A., Blaney, Diana L., Bridges, Nathan T., Calef, Fred, Campbell, John L., Clegg, Samuel M., Cousin, Agnes, Edgett, Kenneth S., Fabre, Cécile, Fisk, Martin R., Forni, Olivier, Frydenvang, Jens, Hardy, Keian R., Hardgrove, Craig, Johnson, Jeffrey R., Lasue, Jeremie, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, Malin, Michael C., Mangold, Nicolas, Martìn-torres, Javier, Maurice, Sylvestre, Mcbride, Marie J., Ming, Douglas W., Newsom, Horton E., Ollila, Ann M., Sautter, Violaine, Schröder, Susanne, Thompson, Lucy M., Treiman, Allan H., Vanbommel, Scott, Vaniman, David T., and Zorzano, Marìa-paz

Published
2016

83. Oxidation of manganese in an ancient aquifer, Kimberley formation, Gale crater, Mars

Author

Lanza, Nina L., primary, Wiens, Roger C., additional, Arvidson, Raymond E., additional, Clark, Benton C., additional, Fischer, Woodward W., additional, Gellert, Ralf, additional, Grotzinger, John P., additional, Hurowitz, Joel A., additional, McLennan, Scott M., additional, Morris, Richard V., additional, Rice, Melissa S., additional, Bell, James F., additional, Berger, Jeffrey A., additional, Blaney, Diana L., additional, Bridges, Nathan T., additional, Calef, Fred, additional, Campbell, John L., additional, Clegg, Samuel M., additional, Cousin, Agnes, additional, Edgett, Kenneth S., additional, Fabre, Cécile, additional, Fisk, Martin R., additional, Forni, Olivier, additional, Frydenvang, Jens, additional, Hardy, Keian R., additional, Hardgrove, Craig, additional, Johnson, Jeffrey R., additional, Lasue, Jeremie, additional, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, additional, Malin, Michael C., additional, Mangold, Nicolas, additional, Martìn-Torres, Javier, additional, Maurice, Sylvestre, additional, McBride, Marie J., additional, Ming, Douglas W., additional, Newsom, Horton E., additional, Ollila, Ann M., additional, Sautter, Violaine, additional, Schröder, Susanne, additional, Thompson, Lucy M., additional, Treiman, Allan H., additional, VanBommel, Scott, additional, Vaniman, David T., additional, and Zorzano, Marìa-Paz, additional

Published
2016
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84. Book reviews

Author

Guest, J.E., Malin, Michael C., Melchior, P., Muller C., Namba, O., Hultqvist, B., Stoker, P.H., Kleczek, Josip, Balder, E. J., van der Sluis, A., van de Stadt, H., Larsson-Leander, Gunnar, Fiszdon, W., de Groot, S. R., de Boer, W. P. H., Tennekes, H., de Jager, Cornelis, and Kleczek, J.

Published
1980
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85. Isotope ratios of H, C, and O in CO₂ and H₂O of the martian atmosphere

Author

Webster, Chris R, Mahaffy, Paul R, Flesch, Gregory J, Niles, Paul B, Jones, John H, Leshin, Laurie A, Atreya, Sushil K, Stern, Jennifer C, Christensen, Lance E, Owen, Tobias, Franz, Heather, Pepin, Robert O, Steele, Andrew and the MSL Science Team, Achilles, Cherie, Agard, Christophe, Alves Verdasca, José Alexandre, Anderson, Robert, Anderson, Ryan, Archer, Doug, Armiens-Aparicio, Carlos, Arvidson, Ray, Atlaskin, Evgeny, Aubrey, Andrew, Baker, Burt, Baker, Michael, Balic-Zunic, Tonci, Baratoux, David, Baroukh, Julien, Barraclough, Bruce, Bean, Keri, Beegle, Luther, Behar, Alberto, Bell, James, Bender, Steve, Benna, Mehdi, Bentz, Jennifer, Berger, Gilles, Berger, Jeff, Berman, Daniel, Bish, David, Blake, David F, Blanco Avalos, Juan J, Blaney, Diana, Blank, Jen, Blau, Hannah, Bleacher, Lora, Boehm, Eckart, Botta, Oliver, Böttcher, Stephan, Boucher, Thomas, Bower, Hannah, Boyd, Nick, Boynton, Bill, Breves, Elly, Bridges, John, Bridges, Nathan, Brinckerhoff, William, Brinza, David, Bristow, Thomas, Brunet, Claude, Brunner, Anna, Brunner, Will, Buch, Arnaud, Bullock, Mark, Burmeister, Sönke, Cabane, Michel, Calef, Fred, Cameron, James, Campbell, John, Cantor, Bruce, Caplinger, Michael, Caride Rodríguez, Javier, Carmosino, Marco, Carrasco Blázquez, Isaías, Charpentier, Antoine, Chipera, Steve, Choi, David, Clark, Benton, Clegg, Sam, Cleghorn, Timothy, Cloutis, Ed, Cody, George, Coll, Patrice, Conrad, Pamela, Coscia, David, Cousin, Agnès, Cremers, David, Crisp, Joy, Cros, Alain, Cucinotta, Frank, d'Uston, Claude, Davis, Scott, Day, Mackenzie, de la Torre Juarez, Manuel, DeFlores, Lauren, DeLapp, Dorothea, DeMarines, Julia, DesMarais, David, Dietrich, William, Dingler, Robert, Donny, Christophe, Downs, Bob, Drake, Darrell, Dromart, Gilles, Dupont, Audrey, Duston, Brian, Dworkin, Jason, Dyar, M Darby, Edgar, Lauren, Edgett, Kenneth, Edwards, Christopher, Edwards, Laurence, Ehlmann, Bethany, Ehresmann, Bent, Eigenbrode, Jen, Elliott, Beverley, Elliott, Harvey, Ewing, Ryan, Fabre, Cécile, Fairén, Alberto, Farley, Ken, Farmer, Jack, Fassett, Caleb, Favot, Laurent, Fay, Donald, Fedosov, Fedor, Feldman, Jason, Feldman, Sabrina, Fisk, Marty, Fitzgibbon, Mike, Floyd, Melissa, Flückiger, Lorenzo, Forni, Olivier, Fraeman, Abby, Francis, Raymond, François, Pascaline, Freissinet, Caroline, French, Katherine Louise, Frydenvang, Jens, Gaboriaud, Alain, Gailhanou, Marc, Garvin, James, Gasnault, Olivier, Geffroy, Claude, Gellert, Ralf, Genzer, Maria, Glavin, Daniel, Godber, Austin, Goesmann, Fred, Goetz, Walter, Golovin, Dmitry, Gómez Gómez, Felipe, Gómez-Elvira, Javier, Gondet, Brigitte, Gordon, Suzanne, Gorevan, Stephen, Grant, John, Griffes, Jennifer, Grinspoon, David, Grotzinger, John, Guillemot, Philippe, Guo, Jingnan, Gupta, Sanjeev, Guzewich, Scott, Haberle, Robert, Halleaux, Douglas, Hallet, Bernard, Hamilton, Vicky, Hardgrove, Craig, Harker, David, Harpold, Daniel, Harri, Ari-Matti, Harshman, Karl, Hassler, Donald, Haukka, Harri, Hayes, Alex, Herkenhoff, Ken, Herrera, Paul, Hettrich, Sebastian, Heydari, Ezat, Hipkin, Victoria, Hoehler, Tori, Hollingsworth, Jeff, Hudgins, Judy, Huntress, Wesley, Hurowitz, Joel, Hviid, Stubbe, Iagnemma, Karl, Indyk, Steve, Israël, Guy, Jackson, Ryan, Jacob, Samantha, Jakosky, Bruce, Jensen, Elsa, Jensen, Jaqueline Kløvgaard, Johnson, Jeffrey, Johnson, Micah, Johnstone, Steve, Jones, Andrea, Joseph, Jonathan, Jun, Insoo, Kah, Linda, Kahanpää, Henrik, Kahre, Melinda, Karpushkina, Natalya, Kasprzak, Wayne, Kauhanen, Janne, Keely, Leslie, Kemppinen, Osku, Keymeulen, Didier, Kim, Myung-Hee, Kinch, Kjartan, King, Penny, Kirkland, Laurel, Kocurek, Gary, Koefoed, Asmus, Köhler, Jan, Kortmann, Onno, Kozyrev, Alexander, Krezoski, Jill, Krysak, Daniel, Kuzmin, Ruslan, Lacour, Jean Luc, Lafaille, Vivian, Langevin, Yves, Lanza, Nina, Lasue, Jeremie, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, Lee, Ella Mae, Lee, Qiu-Mei, Lees, David, Lefavor, Matthew, Lemmon, Mark, Lepinette Malvitte, Alain, Léveillé, Richard, Lewin-Carpintier, Éric, Lewis, Kevin, Li, Shuai, Lipkaman, Leslie, Little, Cynthia, Litvak, Maxim, Lorigny, Eric, Lugmair, Guenter, Lundberg, Angela, Lyness, Eric, Madsen, Morten, Maki, Justin, Malakhov, Alexey, Malespin, Charles, Malin, Michael, Mangold, Nicolas, Manhes, Gérard, Manning, Heidi, Marchand, Geneviève, Marín Jiménez, Mercedes, Martín García, César, Martin, Dave, Martin, Mildred, Martínez-Frías, Jesús, Martín-Soler, Javier, Martín-Torres, F Javier, Mauchien, Patrick, Maurice, Sylvestre, McAdam, Amy, McCartney, Elaina, McConnochie, Timothy, McCullough, Emily, McEwan, Ian, McKay, Christopher, McLennan, Scott, McNair, Sean, Melikechi, Noureddine, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, Meyer, Michael, Mezzacappa, Alissa, Miller, Hayden, Miller, Kristen, Milliken, Ralph, Ming, Douglas, Minitti, Michelle, Mischna, Michael, Mitrofanov, Igor, Moersch, Jeff, Mokrousov, Maxim, Molina Jurado, Antonio, Moores, John, Mora-Sotomayor, Luis, Morookian, John Michael, Morris, Richard, Morrison, Shaunna, Mueller-Mellin, Reinhold, Muller, Jan-Peter, Muñoz Caro, Guillermo, Nachon, Marion, Navarro López, Sara, Navarro-González, Rafael, Nealson, Kenneth, Nefian, Ara, Nelson, Tony, Newcombe, Megan, Newman, Claire, Newsom, Horton, Nikiforov, Sergey, Nixon, Brian, Noe Dobrea, Eldar, Nolan, Thomas, Oehler, Dorothy, Ollila, Ann, Olson, Timothy, de Pablo Hernández, Miguel Ángel, Paillet, Alexis, Pallier, Etienne, Palucis, Marisa, Parker, Timothy, Parot, Yann, Patel, Kiran, Paton, Mark, Paulsen, Gale, Pavlov, Alex, Pavri, Betina, Peinado-González, Verónica, Peret, Laurent, Perez, Rene, Perrett, Glynis, Peterson, Joe, Pilorget, Cedric, Pinet, Patrick, Pla-García, Jorge, Plante, Ianik, Poitrasson, Franck, Polkko, Jouni, Popa, Radu, Posiolova, Liliya, Posner, Arik, Pradler, Irina, Prats, Benito, Prokhorov, Vasily, Purdy, Sharon Wilson, Raaen, Eric, Radziemski, Leon, Rafkin, Scot, Ramos, Miguel, Rampe, Elizabeth, Raulin, François, Ravine, Michael, Reitz, Günther, Rennó, Nilton, Rice, Melissa, Richardson, Mark, Robert, François, Robertson, Kevin, Rodriguez Manfredi, José Antonio, Romeral-Planelló, Julio J, Rowland, Scott, Rubin, David, Saccoccio, Muriel, Salamon, Andrew, Sandoval, Jennifer, Sanin, Anton, Sans Fuentes, Sara Alejandra, Saper, Lee, Sarrazin, Philippe, Sautter, Violaine, Savijärvi, Hannu, Schieber, Juergen, Schmidt, Mariek, Schmidt, Walter, Scholes, Daniel, Schoppers, Marcel, Schröder, Susanne, Schwenzer, Susanne, Sebastian Martinez, Eduardo, Sengstacken, Aaron, Shterts, Ruslan, Siebach, Kirsten, Siili, Tero, Simmonds, Jeff, Sirven, Jean-Baptiste, Slavney, Susie, Sletten, Ronald, Smith, Michael, Sobrón Sánchez, Pablo, Spanovich, Nicole, Spray, John, Squyres, Steven, Stack, Katie, Stalport, Fabien, Stein, Thomas, Stewart, Noel, Stipp, Susan Louise Svane, Stoiber, Kevin, Stolper, Ed, Sucharski, Bob, Sullivan, Rob, Summons, Roger, Sumner, Dawn, Sun, Vivian, Supulver, Kimberley, Sutter, Brad, Szopa, Cyril, Tan, Florence, Tate, Christopher, Teinturier, Samuel, ten Kate, Inge, Thomas, Peter, Thompson, Lucy, Tokar, Robert, Toplis, Mike, Torres Redondo, Josefina, Trainer, Melissa, Treiman, Allan, Tretyakov, Vladislav, Urqui-O'Callaghan, Roser, Van Beek, Jason, Van Beek, Tessa, VanBommel, Scott, Vaniman, David, Varenikov, Alexey, Vasavada, Ashwin, Vasconcelos, Paulo, Vicenzi, Edward, Vostrukhin, Andrey, Voytek, Mary, Wadhwa, Meenakshi, Ward, Jennifer, Weigle, Eddie, Wellington, Danika, Westall, Frances, Wiens, Roger Craig, Wilhelm, Mary Beth, Williams, Amy, Williams, Joshua, Williams, Rebecca, Williams, Richard B, Wilson, Mike, Wimmer-Schweingruber, Robert, Wolff, Mike, Wong, Mike, Wray, James, Wu, Megan, Yana, Charles, Yen, Albert, Yingst, Aileen, Zeitlin, Cary, Zimdar, Robert, and Zorzano Mier, María-Paz

Subjects
isotope ratios, MSL-Radiation, Mars
Published
2013

87. EUROPA

Author

MALIN, MICHAEL C., primary and PIERI, DAVID C., additional

Published
1986
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91. Mars’ Surface Radiation Environment Measured with the Mars Science Laboratory’s Curiosity Rover

Author

Hassler, Donald M., primary, Zeitlin, Cary, additional, Wimmer-Schweingruber, Robert F., additional, Ehresmann, Bent, additional, Rafkin, Scot, additional, Eigenbrode, Jennifer L., additional, Brinza, David E., additional, Weigle, Gerald, additional, Böttcher, Stephan, additional, Böhm, Eckart, additional, Burmeister, Soenke, additional, Guo, Jingnan, additional, Köhler, Jan, additional, Martin, Cesar, additional, Reitz, Guenther, additional, Cucinotta, Francis A., additional, Kim, Myung-Hee, additional, Grinspoon, David, additional, Bullock, Mark A., additional, Posner, Arik, additional, Gómez-Elvira, Javier, additional, Vasavada, Ashwin, additional, Grotzinger, John P., additional, Team, MSL Science, additional, Kemppinen, Osku, additional, Cremers, David, additional, Bell, James F., additional, Edgar, Lauren, additional, Farmer, Jack, additional, Godber, Austin, additional, Wadhwa, Meenakshi, additional, Wellington, Danika, additional, McEwan, Ian, additional, Newman, Claire, additional, Richardson, Mark, additional, Charpentier, Antoine, additional, Peret, Laurent, additional, King, Penelope, additional, Blank, Jennifer, additional, Schmidt, Mariek, additional, Li, Shuai, additional, Milliken, Ralph, additional, Robertson, Kevin, additional, Sun, Vivian, additional, Baker, Michael, additional, Edwards, Christopher, additional, Ehlmann, Bethany, additional, Farley, Kenneth, additional, Griffes, Jennifer, additional, Miller, Hayden, additional, Newcombe, Megan, additional, Pilorget, Cedric, additional, Rice, Melissa, additional, Siebach, Kirsten, additional, Stack, Katie, additional, Stolper, Edward, additional, Brunet, Claude, additional, Hipkin, Victoria, additional, Léveillé, Richard, additional, Marchand, Geneviève, additional, Sánchez, Pablo Sobrón, additional, Favot, Laurent, additional, Cody, George, additional, Steele, Andrew, additional, Flückiger, Lorenzo, additional, Lees, David, additional, Nefian, Ara, additional, Martin, Mildred, additional, Gailhanou, Marc, additional, Westall, Frances, additional, Israël, Guy, additional, Agard, Christophe, additional, Baroukh, Julien, additional, Donny, Christophe, additional, Gaboriaud, Alain, additional, Guillemot, Philippe, additional, Lafaille, Vivian, additional, Lorigny, Eric, additional, Paillet, Alexis, additional, Pérez, René, additional, Saccoccio, Muriel, additional, Yana, Charles, additional, Armiens‐Aparicio, Carlos, additional, Rodríguez, Javier Caride, additional, Blázquez, Isaías Carrasco, additional, Gómez, Felipe Gómez, additional, Hettrich, Sebastian, additional, Malvitte, Alain Lepinette, additional, Jiménez, Mercedes Marín, additional, Martínez-Frías, Jesús, additional, Martín-Soler, Javier, additional, Martín-Torres, F. Javier, additional, Jurado, Antonio Molina, additional, Mora-Sotomayor, Luis, additional, Caro, Guillermo Muñoz, additional, López, Sara Navarro, additional, Peinado-González, Verónica, additional, Pla-García, Jorge, additional, Manfredi, José Antonio Rodriguez, additional, Romeral-Planelló, Julio José, additional, Fuentes, Sara Alejandra Sans, additional, Martinez, Eduardo Sebastian, additional, Redondo, Josefina Torres, additional, Urqui-O'Callaghan, Roser, additional, Mier, María-Paz Zorzano, additional, Chipera, Steve, additional, Lacour, Jean-Luc, additional, Mauchien, Patrick, additional, Sirven, Jean-Baptiste, additional, Manning, Heidi, additional, Fairén, Alberto, additional, Hayes, Alexander, additional, Joseph, Jonathan, additional, Squyres, Steven, additional, Sullivan, Robert, additional, Thomas, Peter, additional, Dupont, Audrey, additional, Lundberg, Angela, additional, Melikechi, Noureddine, additional, Mezzacappa, Alissa, additional, Berger, Thomas, additional, Matthia, Daniel, additional, Prats, Benito, additional, Atlaskin, Evgeny, additional, Genzer, Maria, additional, Harri, Ari-Matti, additional, Haukka, Harri, additional, Kahanpää, Henrik, additional, Kauhanen, Janne, additional, Paton, Mark, additional, Polkko, Jouni, additional, Schmidt, Walter, additional, Siili, Tero, additional, Fabre, Cécile, additional, Wray, James, additional, Wilhelm, Mary Beth, additional, Poitrasson, Franck, additional, Patel, Kiran, additional, Gorevan, Stephen, additional, Indyk, Stephen, additional, Paulsen, Gale, additional, Gupta, Sanjeev, additional, Bish, David, additional, Schieber, Juergen, additional, Gondet, Brigitte, additional, Langevin, Yves, additional, Geffroy, Claude, additional, Baratoux, David, additional, Berger, Gilles, additional, Cros, Alain, additional, d’Uston, Claude, additional, Forni, Olivier, additional, Gasnault, Olivier, additional, Lasue, Jérémie, additional, Lee, Qiu-Mei, additional, Maurice, Sylvestre, additional, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, additional, Pallier, Etienne, additional, Parot, Yann, additional, Pinet, Patrick, additional, Schröder, Susanne, additional, Toplis, Mike, additional, Lewin, Éric, additional, Brunner, Will, additional, Heydari, Ezat, additional, Achilles, Cherie, additional, Oehler, Dorothy, additional, Sutter, Brad, additional, Cabane, Michel, additional, Coscia, David, additional, Szopa, Cyril, additional, Dromart, Gilles, additional, Robert, François, additional, Sautter, Violaine, additional, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, additional, Mangold, Nicolas, additional, Nachon, Marion, additional, Buch, Arnaud, additional, Stalport, Fabien, additional, Coll, Patrice, additional, François, Pascaline, additional, Raulin, François, additional, Teinturier, Samuel, additional, Cameron, James, additional, Clegg, Sam, additional, Cousin, Agnès, additional, DeLapp, Dorothea, additional, Dingler, Robert, additional, Jackson, Ryan Steele, additional, Johnstone, Stephen, additional, Lanza, Nina, additional, Little, Cynthia, additional, Nelson, Tony, additional, Wiens, Roger C., additional, Williams, Richard B., additional, Jones, Andrea, additional, Kirkland, Laurel, additional, Treiman, Allan, additional, Baker, Burt, additional, Cantor, Bruce, additional, Caplinger, Michael, additional, Davis, Scott, additional, Duston, Brian, additional, Edgett, Kenneth, additional, Fay, Donald, additional, Hardgrove, Craig, additional, Harker, David, additional, Herrera, Paul, additional, Jensen, Elsa, additional, Kennedy, Megan R., additional, Krezoski, Gillian, additional, Krysak, Daniel, additional, Lipkaman, Leslie, additional, Malin, Michael, additional, McCartney, Elaina, additional, McNair, Sean, additional, Nixon, Brian, additional, Posiolova, Liliya, additional, Ravine, Michael, additional, Salamon, Andrew, additional, Saper, Lee, additional, Stoiber, Kevin, additional, Supulver, Kimberley, additional, Van Beek, Jason, additional, Van Beek, Tessa, additional, Zimdar, Robert, additional, French, Katherine Louise, additional, Iagnemma, Karl, additional, Miller, Kristen, additional, Summons, Roger, additional, Goesmann, Fred, additional, Goetz, Walter, additional, Hviid, Stubbe, additional, Johnson, Micah, additional, Lefavor, Matthew, additional, Lyness, Eric, additional, Breves, Elly, additional, Dyar, M. Darby, additional, Fassett, Caleb, additional, Blake, David F., additional, Bristow, Thomas, additional, DesMarais, David, additional, Edwards, Laurence, additional, Haberle, Robert, additional, Hoehler, Tori, additional, Hollingsworth, Jeff, additional, Kahre, Melinda, additional, Keely, Leslie, additional, McKay, Christopher, additional, Bleacher, Lora, additional, Brinckerhoff, William, additional, Choi, David, additional, Conrad, Pamela, additional, Dworkin, Jason P., additional, Floyd, Melissa, additional, Freissinet, Caroline, additional, Garvin, James, additional, Glavin, Daniel, additional, Harpold, Daniel, additional, Mahaffy, Paul, additional, Martin, David K., additional, McAdam, Amy, additional, Pavlov, Alexander, additional, Raaen, Eric, additional, Smith, Michael D., additional, Stern, Jennifer, additional, Tan, Florence, additional, Trainer, Melissa, additional, Meyer, Michael, additional, Voytek, Mary, additional, Anderson, Robert C., additional, Aubrey, Andrew, additional, Beegle, Luther W., additional, Behar, Alberto, additional, Blaney, Diana, additional, Calef, Fred, additional, Christensen, Lance, additional, Crisp, Joy A., additional, DeFlores, Lauren, additional, Feldman, Jason, additional, Feldman, Sabrina, additional, Flesch, Gregory, additional, Hurowitz, Joel, additional, Jun, Insoo, additional, Keymeulen, Didier, additional, Maki, Justin, additional, Mischna, Michael, additional, Morookian, John Michael, additional, Parker, Timothy, additional, Pavri, Betina, additional, Schoppers, Marcel, additional, Sengstacken, Aaron, additional, Simmonds, John J., additional, Spanovich, Nicole, additional, Juarez, Manuel de la Torre, additional, Webster, Christopher R., additional, Yen, Albert, additional, Archer, Paul Douglas, additional, Jones, John H., additional, Ming, Douglas, additional, Morris, Richard V., additional, Niles, Paul, additional, Rampe, Elizabeth, additional, Nolan, Thomas, additional, Fisk, Martin, additional, Radziemski, Leon, additional, Barraclough, Bruce, additional, Bender, Steve, additional, Berman, Daniel, additional, Dobrea, Eldar Noe, additional, Tokar, Robert, additional, Vaniman, David, additional, Williams, Rebecca M. E., additional, Yingst, Aileen, additional, Lewis, Kevin, additional, Leshin, Laurie, additional, Cleghorn, Timothy, additional, Huntress, Wesley, additional, Manhès, Gérard, additional, Hudgins, Judy, additional, Olson, Timothy, additional, Stewart, Noel, additional, Sarrazin, Philippe, additional, Grant, John, additional, Vicenzi, Edward, additional, Wilson, Sharon A., additional, Hamilton, Victoria, additional, Peterson, Joseph, additional, Fedosov, Fedor, additional, Golovin, Dmitry, additional, Karpushkina, Natalya, additional, Kozyrev, Alexander, additional, Litvak, Maxim, additional, Malakhov, Alexey, additional, Mitrofanov, Igor, additional, Mokrousov, Maxim, additional, Nikiforov, Sergey, additional, Prokhorov, Vasily, additional, Sanin, Anton, additional, Tretyakov, Vladislav, additional, Varenikov, Alexey, additional, Vostrukhin, Andrey, additional, Kuzmin, Ruslan, additional, Clark, Benton, additional, Wolff, Michael, additional, McLennan, Scott, additional, Botta, Oliver, additional, Drake, Darrell, additional, Bean, Keri, additional, Lemmon, Mark, additional, Schwenzer, Susanne P., additional, Anderson, Ryan B., additional, Herkenhoff, Kenneth, additional, Lee, Ella Mae, additional, Sucharski, Robert, additional, Hernández, Miguel Ángel de Pablo, additional, Ávalos, Juan José Blanco, additional, Ramos, Miguel, additional, Malespin, Charles, additional, Plante, Ianik, additional, Muller, Jan-Peter, additional, Navarro-González, Rafael, additional, Ewing, Ryan, additional, Boynton, William, additional, Downs, Robert, additional, Fitzgibbon, Mike, additional, Harshman, Karl, additional, Morrison, Shaunna, additional, Dietrich, William, additional, Kortmann, Onno, additional, Palucis, Marisa, additional, Sumner, Dawn Y., additional, Williams, Amy, additional, Lugmair, Günter, additional, Wilson, Michael A., additional, Rubin, David, additional, Jakosky, Bruce, additional, Balic-Zunic, Tonci, additional, Frydenvang, Jens, additional, Jensen, Jaqueline Kløvgaard, additional, Kinch, Kjartan, additional, Koefoed, Asmus, additional, Madsen, Morten Bo, additional, Stipp, Susan Louise Svane, additional, Boyd, Nick, additional, Campbell, John L., additional, Gellert, Ralf, additional, Perrett, Glynis, additional, Pradler, Irina, additional, VanBommel, Scott, additional, Jacob, Samantha, additional, Owen, Tobias, additional, Rowland, Scott, additional, Savijärvi, Hannu, additional, García, César Martín, additional, Mueller-Mellin, Reinhold, additional, Bridges, John C., additional, McConnochie, Timothy, additional, Benna, Mehdi, additional, Franz, Heather, additional, Bower, Hannah, additional, Brunner, Anna, additional, Blau, Hannah, additional, Boucher, Thomas, additional, Carmosino, Marco, additional, Atreya, Sushil, additional, Elliott, Harvey, additional, Halleaux, Douglas, additional, Rennó, Nilton, additional, Wong, Michael, additional, Pepin, Robert, additional, Elliott, Beverley, additional, Spray, John, additional, Thompson, Lucy, additional, Gordon, Suzanne, additional, Newsom, Horton, additional, Ollila, Ann, additional, Williams, Joshua, additional, Vasconcelos, Paulo, additional, Bentz, Jennifer, additional, Nealson, Kenneth, additional, Popa, Radu, additional, Kah, Linda C., additional, Moersch, Jeffrey, additional, Tate, Christopher, additional, Day, Mackenzie, additional, Kocurek, Gary, additional, Hallet, Bernard, additional, Sletten, Ronald, additional, Francis, Raymond, additional, McCullough, Emily, additional, Cloutis, Ed, additional, ten Kate, Inge Loes, additional, Arvidson, Raymond, additional, Fraeman, Abigail, additional, Scholes, Daniel, additional, Slavney, Susan, additional, Stein, Thomas, additional, Ward, Jennifer, additional, Berger, Jeffrey, additional, and Moores, John E., additional

Published
2014
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93. Valles Marineris cloud trails

Author

Clancy, R. Todd, primary, Wolff, Michael J., additional, Cantor, Bruce A., additional, Malin, Michael C., additional, and Michaels, Timothy I., additional

Published
2009
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94. The periglacial landscape at the Phoenix landing site

Author

Mellon, Michael T., primary, Malin, Michael C., additional, Arvidson, Raymond E., additional, Searls, Mindi L., additional, Sizemore, Hanna G., additional, Heet, Tabatha L., additional, Lemmon, Mark T., additional, Keller, H. Uwe, additional, and Marshall, John, additional

Published
2009
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95. Dome craters on Ganymede

Author

Moore, Jeffrey M and Malin, Michael C

Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Exploration
Abstract

Voyager observations of Ganymede show broad, high-albedo, topographic domes situated within the central pits of some impact craters, referred to in this study as 'dome craters'. Of 56 dome craters identified on Ganymede, all but two can be placed into one of two classes, based on the ratio of dome diameter to crater rim diameter. Two new hypotheses for the origin of the domes involving diapirism as an agent of dome formation are offered. Implicit in both hypotheses are possible regional heat flux variations. Under these scenarios, 'relaxation' of crater relief may not be homogeneous in space and/or time, and crater morphology may not be a consistent indicator of crater age. Plutonic intrusions within the upper lithospheres of Ganymede (and Callisto) may have played a far more important role in heat transport on these satellites than previously noted.

Published
1988

96. Thermal imaging spectroscopy in the Kelso-Baker Region, California

Author

Christensen, Philip R, Malin, Michael C, Anderson, Donald L, and Jaramillo, Linda L

Subjects
Earth Resources And Remote Sensing
Abstract

The ability of the Thermal Infrared Multispectral Scanner (TIMS) data to identify rock composition using thermal-infrared spectroscopy was assessed. A region was selected with a wide range of rock and soil types in an arid environment, and the spectra acquired by TIMS was compared to laboratory spectra of collected samples. A TIMS image was acquired of the Kelso-Baker region in the Mojave desert of California at a surface resolution of approximately 7 m. This image was then used to map the areal extent of each geologic component. The TIMS data provided an excellent means for discriminating and mapping rocks of very similar mineralogy. These findings suggest that thermal-infrared spectroscopy can provide a powerful tool for identifying and mapping rock composition on the Earth and other terrestrial planets.

Published
1986

97. Europa

Author

Malin, Michael C and Pieri, David C

Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Exploration
Abstract

Europa, the second major satellite outward from Jupiter, is a lunar-sized object in synchronous rotation about that planet. Its high albedo and spectral characteristics indicate the presence of surface water ice and/or frost. Its density suggests a substantial silicate component of at least 85 percent by volume. A limited variety of landforms is seen in Voyager images, most likely because of poor spatial resolution of these data. The absence of numerous impact craters is interpreted as indicating a youthful surface and /or surface regenerating processes. A planet-wide lineament system has been interpreted to result from tectonic stresses induced by evolution of Europa's orbit and interior. Present data do not permit unambiguous tests of such interpretations. Greater insight may come from analytical or numerical models and future spacecraft observations.

Published
1986

99. Context Camera Investigation on board the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter

Author

Malin, Michael C., primary, Bell, James F., additional, Cantor, Bruce A., additional, Caplinger, Michael A., additional, Calvin, Wendy M., additional, Clancy, R. Todd, additional, Edgett, Kenneth S., additional, Edwards, Lawrence, additional, Haberle, Robert M., additional, James, Philip B., additional, Lee, Steven W., additional, Ravine, Michael A., additional, Thomas, Peter C., additional, and Wolff, Michael J., additional

Published
2007
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100. An astrobiological perspective on Meridiani Planum

Author

Knoll, Andrew H., primary, Carr, Michael, additional, Clark, Benton, additional, Des Marais, David J., additional, Farmer, Jack D., additional, Fischer, Woodward W., additional, Grotzinger, John P., additional, McLennan, Scott M., additional, Malin, Michael, additional, Schröder, Christian, additional, Squyres, Steven, additional, Tosca, Nicholas J., additional, and Wdowiak, Thomas, additional

Published
2005
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