Search

β-lactamases are a diverse class of enzymes produced by bacteria that present a major cause for resistance to β-lactams. In this study we analysed 159 fecal samples from dairy cows, for the presence of presumptive ESBL, AmpC, and carbapenemase-producing E. coli. Phylotyping was done using Clermont phylo-typing method, targeting arpA, ChuA, and YjaA genes, along with the DNA fragment TspE4.C2. Convetional PCR method was used to confirm the presence of bla genes among 39 phenotypically confirmed ESBL producing E. coli. The results showed presence of CTX-M, SHV, TEM and OXA1 bla genes in 28 (71.79%), 1 (2.56%), 29 (74.35%), 2 (5.12%) of isolates, respectively Twenty (51.28%) isolates showed presence of both blaCTX-M and TEM genes. The strain that carried the blaSHV gene was found to carry blaTEM gene as well, while one of the strains that carried blaOXA1 gene was also carrying blaCTX-M and TEM gene. The ration between isolates and phylo-groups was as follows: 9 (23.07%) strains were assigned to phyllo-group D; 14 (35.89%) to phyllo-group B; 16 (41.02%) to phyllo-group A. Out of the 39 strains where bla genes were identified, 29 (74.35%) were categorized as multi drug resistant.

This paper considers the secrecy performance of several schemes formulti-antenna transmission to single-antenna users with full-duplex (FD)capability against randomly distributed single-antenna eavesdroppers (EDs).These schemes and related scenarios include transmit antenna selection (TAS),transmit antenna beamforming (TAB), artificial noise (AN) from the transmitter,user selection based their distances to the transmitter, and colluding andnon-colluding EDs. The locations of randomly distributed EDs and users areassumed to be distributed as Poisson Point Process (PPP). We derive closed formexpressions for the secrecy outage probabilities (SOP) of all these schemes andscenarios. The derived expressions are useful to reveal the impacts of variousenvironmental parameters and user's choices on the SOP, and hence useful fornetwork design purposes. Examples of such numerical results are discussed.

Seasonal variation observations were conducted in the coastal waters of St. Martin's Island in the Bay of Bengal to examine the influence of physical processes and the distribution pattern of nutrients in the ocean water. Pollution evaluation indices, health index and statistical techniques were incorporated to assess the heavy metal contamination. Two seasons, cool dry winter and pre-monsoon hot, were considered for sampling from 12 stations around the island. The Cool dry winter season has higher nutrient concentrations than the Pre-monsoon Hot season. The concentration of nutrients appeared as follows: Silicate > Nitrate > Ammonia > Phosphate > Nitrite. PCA and Pearson's Correlation showed that fresh water from nearby rivers, deep water upwelling, and, in some situations, modest anthropogenic sources are crucial. Hence, low DO and phosphate levels during the pre-monsoon hot season indicate there is a planktonic process like photosynthesis prevailing. The island's north-western and south-eastern regions have higher nutrient concentrations, which may be seasonal and due to wind action. Pb, Cu, As, Cr, Cd, and Zn were also considered to comprehend the island's geo-chemical perspectives and ecological and human health risks. The Pre-monsoon Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI) and Heavy Metal Evaluation Index (HEI) demonstrated that some places are much higher than the threshold limit, even though no significantly higher value was detected in the cool winter season. The Nemerow Index, the Total Ecological Risk Index (TERI), indicated that heavy metal contamination was severe to moderate and low to moderate. Finally, Pearson's correlation showed the association between physical and chemical characteristics, similar to PCA and Pearson's correlation for nutrients and heavy metals. Thus, this research may help shed light on the state of the seas around St. Martin's Island. This study may also provide explicit insights for the authority to take the necessary measures to preserve marine ecology and the associated terrestrial ecosystem.

Abstract Background Airway complications are frequent after lung transplantation (LT), as they affect up to 23% of recipients. The implication of perioperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support and haemodynamic instability has never been specifically assessed. The first aim of this study was to explore the impact of perioperative ECMO support on bronchial anastomotic dehiscence (BAD) at Day 90 after LT. Methods This prospective observational monocentric study analysed BAD in all consecutive patients who underwent LT in the Bichat Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris, France, between January 2016 and May 2019. BAD visible on bronchial endoscopy and/or tomodensitometry was recorded. A univariate analysis was performed (Fisher’s exacts and Mann–Whitney tests), followed by a multivariate analysis to assess independent risk factors for BAD during the first 90 days after LT (p

Objective: Resveratrol is a polyphenolic compound that possesses strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This study evaluated the effects of resveratrol on oxidative stress, fibrosis and multiple genes regulation in the kidneys of high fat (HF) diet-fed rats. Methods: Wistar rats were fed with HF diet for eight weeks. These rats were also treated with resveratrol for eight weeks. Finally, kidney tissue samples were isolated from all sacrificed rats. The histological changes, creatinine and uric acid levels, oxidative stress parameters such as malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide, and advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP) levels were analyzed. The antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels; gene expression of inflammatory and fibrosis-related genes namely, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-β1), and collagen-1 were assessed. Moreover, gene expression of oxidative stress-related genes such as nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf-2), SOD, catalase, and glutathione reductase, were also assessed. Results: HF diet-fed rats showed increased creatinine and uric acid levels in plasma which were lowered by resveratrol treatment. The study findings also revealed that resveratrol counterbalanced the oxidative stress and prevented the expression of the inflammatory genes; restored the catalase and SOD activities followed by the up-regulation of antioxidant genes expression in the kidneys of HF diet-fed rats. HF diet caused the Nrf-2 down-regulation followed by the decreased expression of HO-1 and HO-2 genes, which was restored by resveratrol treatment. Moreover, the histological assessment showed lipotoxicity and increased fibrosis in the kidneys of HF diet-fed rats. Resveratrol prevented the kidney fibrosis probably by limiting oxidative stress, inflammation, and down-regulating TGF-β1 mediated signaling pathway. Conclusion: In conclusion, resveratrol treatment showed beneficial effects in preventing oxidative stress and fibrosis in the kidneys of HF diet-fed rats probably by modulating the gene expression of oxidative stress and inflammation related factors and enzymes.

Bangladesh, a country that lies on the north shores of the Bay of Bengal, has been blessed with a plethora of natural resources. St. Martin's Island, the only coral island in Bangladesh, is undoubtedly regarded as one of the most prized possessions. It is rich in biodiversity, but truly scientific information on it is lacking. In the present investigation, 14 stations adjacent to St. Martin's Island within the Bay of Bengal were sampled for determining the composition, spatial distribution, species richness, and diversity of pelagic zooplankton. Samples were collected in the pre-monsoon hot season. From the community of zooplankton, 34 species were reported. Most of the species belonged to copepods. Besides, Polychaeta and Cirripedia were also present in the community. The most significant species belonged to Oithona, Canthocalanus, Balanus, Euterpina, and Microsetella. Total zooplankton standing crop varied from 45,000-125,000 ind/m3 and the highest number of species (8) were observed at station 7. Strong variability in the distribution of species was observed in the studied stations. The number of genera collected at each station varied from 4 - 8. Data on species richness (Df) varied from 1.30-3.04 and that of the Shannon-Wiener Index (H) from 1.33-1.93. The species composition of zooplankton and the species richness and the diversity index of the population was comparable to the other studies carried out in the Central and Western Bay of Bengal.

We have proposed a novel method for assessing landslide risk by applying cutting-edge geospatial technologies and combining hazard, exposure, and vulnerability components. The Kutupalong Rohingya Camp (KRC) in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh, was taken as a case study area. The district was hosting over one million Rohingya refugees from Myanmar, fleeing genocide and crimes against humanity. Extensive vegetation removal, hill cutting, exceptionally dense camps, fragile shelters, unstable soils, and excess monsoon rainfall were linked to yearly landslides. At first, ten landslide factor maps were produced, and a detailed fieldwork-based landslide inventory was conducted. Next, we applied various statistical and knowledge-based approaches for landslide susceptibility modelling. The most accurate susceptibility map was utilised to produce landslide hazard maps for different rainfall return periods. Next, we used population and shelter density data for exposure mapping and integrated age and gender-based factors for social vulnerability analysis. The hazard, exposure, and vulnerability maps were combined to produce the landslide risk map. Finally, we calculated shelters and refugee populations at risk for different scenarios. Camp 10 had the highest risk value, and historical landslide events validated the results. This study is replicable in a similar context and can be scaled up. It provides authentic information on landslide disaster scenarios that should be adopted in the decision-making process to reduce future impacts of catastrophic hydrometeorological disasters in the KRC and surrounding host community areas.

Abstract This article critically investigates a catastrophic rainfall-induced landslide event that occurred on 27 July 2021 in the Kutupalong Rohingya Camp (KRC) in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh, from geological and geomorphological perspectives. Large-scale anthropogenic interventions mainly caused the disastrous landslide event in the KRC in addition to intense rainfall. Before the landslide occurrence, about 300 mm of cumulative rainfall was recorded in the previous seven days and 120 mm of rainfall during the landslide event. A preliminary investigation was conducted to understand the extent, causative factors, and landslide characteristics. The landslide is of mud-flow type, but on the nearby slope, slumping was also visible. The landslide length was about 33 m, width 31 m, and area 612 m2. The approximate volume of slope materials displaced during the landslide event was about 2450 m3. The displaced slope materials mainly were silt and sand. The landslide event caused five fatalities and damaged nearly 5000 shelters in the KRC area. The devastation from such a small landslide event was attributed to dense households on the slope’s hilltop, slope, and toe. The camp areas and host communities are subjected to frequent and fatal landslides in the years to come due to intense human interventions and climatic conditions. The modifications of the slopes have been reducing the cohesion and the shear strength of the slope materials. Therefore, it is recommended to undertake proper mitigation and preparedness measures, including developing and implementing a landslide early warning system to address the emerging humanitarian crisis in the KRC and its surroundings.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the post-marketing safety, tolerability, immunogenicity and efficacy of Bevacizumab (manufactured by Hetero Biopharma) in a broader population of patients with solid tumors. Patients And Methods: This phase IV, prospective, multi-centric clinical study was carried out in Indian patients with solid malignancies (metastatic colorectal cancer, non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer, metastatic renal cell carcinoma) treated with Bevacizumab between April 2018 and July 2019. This study included 203 patients from 16 tertiary care oncology centers across India for safety assessment, of which a subset of 115 patients who have consented were also evaluated for efficacy and immunogenicity. This study was prospectively registered in the Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI), and was commenced only after receiving approval from the competent authority (Central Drugs Standard Control Organization, CDSCO). Results: Out of the 203 enrolled patients, 121 (59.6%) patients reported 338 adverse events (AEs) during this study. Of 338 reported AEs, 14 serious adverse events (SAEs) were reported by 13 patients including 6 fatal SAEs, assessed as unrelated to the study medication and 7 non-fatal SAEs, 5 assessed as related, and 3 unrelated to Bevacizumab. Most AEs reported in this study (33.9%) were general disorders and administration site conditions, followed by gastrointestinal disorders (29.1%). The most frequently reported AEs were diarrhea (11.3%), asthenia (10.3%), headache (8.9%), pain (7.4%), vomiting (7.9%), and neutropenia (5.9%). At the end of the study, 2 (1.75%) of 69 patients reported antibodies to Bevacizumab without affecting safety and efficacy. However, at the end of 12 months, no patient had reported antibodies to Bevacizumab. Complete response (CR), partial response (PR), stable disease (SD), and progressive disease (PD) were reported in 18.3%, 22.6%, 9.6%, and 8.7% of patients, respectively. The overall response rate (CR + PR) was reported in 40.9% of patients at the end of the study. Disease control rate (DCR), also known as the clinical benefit rate (CBR) was reported in 50.4% of patients. Conclusions: Bevacizumab (Cizumab, Hetero Biopharma) was observed to be safe, well tolerated, lacking immunogenicity, and efficacious in the treatment of solid tumors. The findings of this phase IV study of Bevacizumab, primarily as a combination therapy regimen suggest its suitability and rationality for usage in multiple solid malignancies. Clinical Trial Registry Number: CTRI/2018/4/13371 [Registered on CTRI http://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/advsearch.php : 19/04/2018]; Trial Registered Prospectively.

The article delves into the pressing issue of soil contamination by heavy metals, providing a comprehensive overview of how elements like lead, cadmium, and zinc accumulate in soil environments. Highlighting the extensive factors that contribute to this accumulation, it draws attention to the industrial activities, agricultural practices, and environmental pollution, especially from vehicular emissions along highways, that significantly contribute to the problem. The negative impact of heavy metals on soil health is a focal point, with specific emphasis on the decline in soil's biological activity and the reduction in levels of vital nutrients such as nitrogen, in both ammonium and nitrate forms, which are crucial for plant growth and soil fertility. Moreover, the article sheds light on the consequences of heavy metal accumulation not only on soil health but also on the broader ecosystem and human health, considering the potential for these metals to enter the food chain. It specifically mentions the findings from scientific studies conducted in the soils of the Surkhandarya and Namangan regions of the Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as in districts of the Republic of Karakalpakstan. These studies reveal concerning levels of heavy metal contamination that exceed permissible norms (PN), indicating a significant environmental issue that requires urgent attention.

The purpose of this work is to create a three-dimensional model of the terrain on the territory of the Hasti-Imam ensemble of the city of Tashkent (Uzbekistan), using a Geoscan 401 multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle and a modern photogrammetric product Agisoft Metashape. Four flights were performed at this facility using a Geoscan 401 quadcopter. Aerial photography was carried out at different heights (from 40 m to 100 m) and with different inclinations of the aerial camera (45°, 60°, 90°) in order to display all elements of the ensemble in more detail. Aerial photography was carried out at a scale of 1:500 using a SonyDSC-RX1 digital aerial camera with a focal length of 50 mm. The longitudinal overlap of aerial photographs was from 70% to 80% and, accordingly, the transverse overlap was also from 70% to 80%. The number of aerial photographs at the site was 936 pieces. The length of all air routes was 65.9 km. The area of the filmed object was 14 hectares.The processing of unmanned aerial photography and the construction of a three-dimensional model of the terrain on the territory of the Hasti-Imam ensemble in Tashkent, Uzbekistan was carried out in the modern photogrammetric complex Agisoft Metashape.

The purpose of the work under study is to create a three-dimensional model of a landslide on a dangerous section of the left bank of the Akhangaran reservoir, which is located in the Angren district, Tashkent region of the Republic of Uzbekistan, using unmanned aerial photography. In order to display the landslide area in as much detail and accuracy as possible, aerial photography was carried out by a Phontom4 pro multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle (Chinese company DJI) with a 4K camera and an object tracking function. camera DSC-RX1R with a focal length of 35 mm over an area of 162 hectares. Four 1:500 scale aerials were completed on site, with a longitudinal overlap of 70% and a transverse overlap of 50%. Aerial photography was carried out at an altitude of 70 meters. The total number of aerial photographs was 936. The length of all air routes was 122.7 km. The article examines in great detail the functions of the quadcopter, the uniqueness of its camera, which is capable of shooting video in 4K format (4096 by 2160 pixels) at a speed of 60 frames/sec, as well as taking 14 photos per second in burst mode, and at the same time broadcasting video picture to a synchronized tablet or phone. For the first time in a DJI camera of this size, a mechanical shutter is used, which allows you to shoot dynamic scenes without the “jelly effect”, and it is also noted that an improved battery with a capacity of 5350 mAh increased the drone’s flight time to almost 30 minutes. The paper notes the purpose of the Agisoft Metashape software, in which aerial photography materials were processed, and also describes the technology for creating a 3D model for the landslide section of the left bank of the Akhangaran reservoir.

The use of antimicrobials in livestock production and their effect on the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health problem for humans, animals and the environment. The aim of this study was to determine antimicrobial residue levels in milk and feces samples during the withdrawal period in dairy cattle administrated with a single dose of the drug, as well as to characterize the antimicrobial resistance patterns of Escherichia coli cultured from feces samples. In the study, dairy cows from three different farms in North Macedonia were included. Raw milk and feces samples were collected before drug administration (0 day) and on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 7th and 21st day after drug administration. The antimicrobial residues of oxytetracycline, enrofloxacin, amoxicillin, trimethoprim and procaine-benzylpenicillin were determined using a validated liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method involving stable isotopes. According to results obtained, the highest levels of analyzed antimicrobial residues were determined on the first day after drug administration, which then gradually decreased until their elimination (7th day). The highest AMR of E. coli (100%) was found in β-lactam antimicrobials. Less exposure to broad-spectrum antimicrobials could be an important factor for reduction of AMR on dairy farms.

Abstract The prevalence of myopia is growing at an alarming rate and is associated with axial elongation of the eye. The cause of this undesirable physiological change involves multiple factors. When the magnitude of myopia approaches high levels, this accompanying mechanical effect increases the risk of developing other clinical conditions associated with permanent vision loss. Prior work has investigated how we may halt or reverse this process of axial elongation associated with myopic progression when we expose the eye to a peripheral myopic defocus stimulus. Specifically, the known, short-term response to myopic defocus stimulation is promising and demonstrates the possibility of establishing more permanent effects by regulating the axial length of the eye with specific defocus stimulation. However, how to directly convert these known, short-term effects into more long-term, permanent changes to effectively prevent these unfavourable physiological and refractive changes over time is yet to be understood. Here, we show for the first time that we can produce sustained, long-term reductions in axial length and refractive endpoints with cumulative short-term exposure to specific myopic defocus stimuli using a novel optical design that incorporates an augmented reality optical system. We believe that this technology will have the potential to improve the quality of vision in mankind.

Controlling blast action, in order to increase its energy efficiency in a production blasthole is quite an important issue. This is because it enables the formation of broken rock mass with preset coarseness parameters. Increasing the blast pressure and the time of the blast impact on a rock mass is traditionally recommended as one of the ways to improve the blast action on the rock mass, thus reducing the oversize yield in open pits. One device which enables this approach to a certain extent is a turbulator. The turbulator is fabricated of aluminum plate twisted in a helical fashion around its longitudinal axis. It is mounted in a production blasthole according to a specially designed scheme. The methodology developed to study the stress and strain state of a rock mass when using a turbulator in a blasthole explosive charge allows the size of radial fracture zone and the radius of rock fragmentation to be defined. A method was developed to initiate blasthole charges in a pit blasting block. It includes drilling blastholes, filling them with explosive, installing downhole blasting caps, and blasting using non-electric initiation system. A blasting block is divided into two equal parts (sections), which in turn contain three series of blastholes for short-delay blasting. Blasthole charges are initiated simultaneously in the two parts of the block based on a trapezoidal blasting pattern, thus ensuring meeting detonation waves. In the first series, instantaneous blasting of blastholes located on both ends of the blasting block and forming a trapezoid (in plan view) is carried out. Then after 42 ms, the second series of blastholes (also forming a trapezoid) is detonated. After another 42 ms, the remaining blastholes are detanoated along the perimeter of the blast block in the third series. Implementation of this design with the effect of turbo-blasting for rock fragmentations by blasthole charges at the Kalmakyr deposit of JSC “Almalyk Mining and Metallurgical Complex” has led to the reduction of consumption of explosives, volume of drilling, secondary fragmentation costs, and increased productivity of excavators and mining safety.

Multi-class and multi-residue analyses are very complex procedures because of the physico-chemical properties of veterinary drug residues and other contaminants. The purpose of the study was to develop an analytical method for the sensitive determination of 69 analytes in bovine milk by liquid chromatography electrospray ionisation–tandem mass spectrometry.

RESUMO A ampliação do papel da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) no tratamento de Pessoas Vivendo com HIV/Aids (PVHA) tem potencial de expandir o acesso ao cuidado de saúde. Este artigo visa analisar implicações da descentralização da assistência de PVHA para a APS na (re)produção ou redução de vulnerabilidades. Os conceitos de violência simbólica; interseccionalidade; precariedade e vulnerabilidades orientaram a entrada em campo e a análise dos resultados. Foram realizados grupos focais com profissionais, observação participante e entrevistas semiestruturadas com usuários e profissionais de duas unidades de APS na região central do município do Rio de Janeiro. Como principais resultados, destacam-se as implicações das vulnerabilidades associadas à violência armada e às questões de gênero no cuidado em saúde das PVHA, a existência de efeitos paradoxais da lógica territorial, bem como tensões entre a organização do processo de trabalho na APS e as necessidades/expectativas de usuários. Concluímos que a ampliação do acesso coexiste com a produção de novos riscos, que refletem na continuidade e qualidade do cuidado. Sublinhamos a necessidade de fortalecimento das interações trabalhador-usuário e da reflexão sobre novos arranjos para a organização dos processos de trabalho, que resultem em mais proteção e cuidado às pessoas, evitando a ampliação de vulnerabilidades.

Although use of high-stakes tests is common across developing societies, very little is known about how these tests are designed, what principles and criteria guide test construction, and what factors influence this process. The present study investigates the development of the English Paper-1 test for the Higher Secondary Certificate examination in Bangladesh, drawing on curriculum policy and test documents, and particularly on the perspectives of test writers and moderators. The findings reveal a range of conservative, compliant and context-responsive approaches that ensure the perpetuation of problematic test design practices and processes. The authors argue that these responses encourage 'ritualistic' design practices which negate concerns about test reliability and validity, and which obscure the basis by which winners and losers are created through the education system. Importantly, social celebration of this ritual does not seem to question the test architecture itself. The article contributes to our understanding of testing across societies.

This article reports on a study that was carried out to explore the factors that contribute to a negative washback effect on English language teaching (ELT) in secondary schools in Bangladesh. Twelve secondary school teachers were interviewed to understand their perspectives on which factors influenced their pedagogical choices. The interview data were supplemented with secondary material, including official documents, media resources, and NGO (non-government organisation) reports. Drawing on a body of washback research and the empirical data, we constructed the basis for the argument that test-external socio-political and contextual factors may play a substantial role in shaping the nature of washback. It is suggested that emphasising a testing-teaching causal relationship may be overly simplistic, as language teaching may be affected not only by assessment factors but also by a complex of social-psychological, political, economic, and data-driven accountability factors in which testing and teaching are embedded. These insights have implications for scholars in language testing and assessment, policy makers, program designers, and managers in contexts where language tests are believed to affect language instruction negatively.

Aim: To evaluate pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety of fixed-dose combination (FDC) of oral capecitabine + cyclophosphamide in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients progressing after anthracycline and/or taxane chemotherapy. Methods: In this prospective, adaptive, phase-2/3, open-label study (CTRI/2014/12/005234), patients were randomized (1:1:1) to three FDC doses (doses/day: D1, capecitabine + cyclophosphamide 1400 mg + 60 mg; D2, 1800 mg + 80 mg; D3, 2200 mg + 100 mg) for 14 days, in 21-day cycles. In Part-I, multiple-dose pharmacokinetics and optimal dose(s) were evaluated with futility analysis. Group(s) with

Abstract This study assessed axial length and choroidal thickness changes following short-term peripheral myopic defocus in normal adult subjects. Twenty subjects underwent defocus sessions by viewing a full-field projected movie 4 m away for 4 h in the morning, while wearing spectacle lenses, corrected for distance vision in both eyes. The right eye, serving as the test eye, was peripherally defocused using a Fresnel lens overlay of + 3.50 D with a central clear aperture of 11.5 mm (correlating to a clear central visual field of approximately 23°), while the left eye served as the control (with no Fresnel lens overlay). A subset of 10 subjects from the same cohort also underwent additional defocus sessions with + 5.00 D of peripheral defocus. Axial length was measured and radial sub-foveal choroidal scans were obtained before and after the defocus sessions. The increase in axial length of the test eyes were significantly less than the control eyes under both peripheral defocus conditions (p

A editoria científica constitui prática socialmente valorizada, modulando trajetórias acadêmicas. Revistas científicas atuam entre dois campos sociais distintos, o editorial e o científico, tendo como eixo as relações objetivas e intersubjetivas do campo científico. O presente artigo analisa a atuação dos editores de Ciências Sociais do campo da Saúde Coletiva e suas concepções acerca do processo de avaliação de artigos científicos, sua visão e relação com os demais agentes da prática editorial e seu papel na conformação de um habitus científico. A opção metodológica foi a análise temática de 13 entrevistas semiestruturadas com editores(as)-chefes e associados(as) da área de Ciências Sociais de revistas de destaque da Saúde Coletiva. Os editores são agentes que operam com as contradições e pressões derivadas do produtivismo numa relativa autonomia da prática editorial. Gradativamente conformam um habitus editorial cunhado pela prática empírica, formação autodidata e dedicação voluntária. Estabelecem o diálogo entre os autores e a comunidade de pares-concorrentes do campo. Delimitam objetos e temas de interesse da área a partir da legitimidade assentada no agir “desinteressado” que demanda o campo científico. Impõem barreiras aos artigos considerados de baixa qualidade, definida especialmente por lacunas teórico-metodológicas e falta de originalidade. No entanto, seu trabalho didático de inculcar um modo considerado adequado no manejo de teorias e metodologias das Ciências Sociais se encontra circunscrito à recusa dos textos, o que sugere a importância de maior articulação entre editores, fóruns de editores, programas de pós-graduação e demais agentes de formação de pesquisadores do campo.

A cryptotephra belonging to the Upper Pleistocene volcanism of the Bas-Vivarais was identified for the first time in the sedimentary infilling of the entrance area of the Chauvet-Pont d’Arc cave. This slightly reworked tephra fall is characterized by its heavy minerals assemblage, among which magnesian olivine, enstatite, and chromian diopside issued from peridotites and olivine and diopside of basaltic origin. This composition likely refers to a phreatomagmatic eruption of a maar crater. The 14C datings of the cryptotephra beds are contemporaneous with the Aurignacian settlement and paintings, that is, an age slightly older or close to 36 ka. Among the maar craters from the Bas-Vivarais, the Ray-Pic maar have the closest 40Ar/39Ar age ($36.2 \pm 11.3/32.2 \pm 11.1$ ka). By contrast, the Vestide du Pal, the biggest maar crater of this country, seems to have a younger age, but the 40Ar/39Ar dating was measured on a basalt which could have occurred later and been the source of the tephra fall, since its tephras contain the same minerals of unknown origin as those found in Chauvet cave. This discovery strengthens the previous hypothesis according to which the humans living in the Chauvet-Pont d’Arc area during the Upper Paleolithic have witnessed eruptions from the Bas-Vivarais volcanic field and other phenomena.

Changes in river bank location have wide consequences on floodplain communities and the sustainability of floodplain ecosystems. Although river dynamics are monitored globally and locally, understanding the impact of riverine dynamics on land use change remains a challenge. Bangladesh, part of the Bengal Delta, is mostly made up of alluvial deposits and is crisscrossed by so many rivers. Jamuna is one of the prominent rivers in this region. This study presents a consistent evaluation of the dynamics of the Jamuna river and ensuing changes in land use over 48 years (1972–2020) depending on satellite observations and geospatial analysis. Changes in the presence of water were used to estimate the advance/retreat of the banks and loss/gain of land along 257 perpendicular transects along the common pattern of the centerlines of the river. We found that the overall loss of agricultural land was about 535.01 km2, sevenfold of the gained agricultural land. Other land use losses were bare lands 136.73 km2, waterbodies 80.37 km2, settlement 67.28 km2 and vegetation 132.79 km2 against 48.47 km2, 3.52 km2, 23.76 km2 and 6.14 km2 land use gains respectively. Agricultural land loss impacts the livelihood of the floodplain dwellers and settlement loss causes internal migration. This pattern of land use change driven by the river dynamics has created newer environmental challenges and additionally, climate change may intricate the situation in the future. The findings of this study throw insight into the fact and may aid in sustainable river training measures and floodplain management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Resumo: A profilaxia pré-exposição ao HIV (PrEP) tem sido considerada uma estratégia fundamental para o controle da epidemia de HIV/aids, e desde 2018 tem sido objeto de estudo de implementação (Estudo ImPrEP Stakeholders), realizado no Brasil, no México e no Peru. Um componente qualitativo desse estudo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de identificar os contextos sociais e estruturais que envolvem e organizam a oferta de serviços de PrEP no Brasil, as subjetividades dos atores envolvidos e as diferentes percepções que podem impactar a efetivação dessa estratégia. O presente artigo teve como foco de análise o acesso das populações vulneráveis aos serviços de PrEP, na perspectiva de gestores, profissionais de saúde, lideranças ou ativistas e usuários de PrEP. É um estudo qualitativo com o uso de metodologia compreensiva, realizado em seis capitais brasileiras, em que foram entrevistados 71 atores-chave no período de novembro de 2018 a maio de 2019. A análise foi pautada pelos modelos analíticos sobre acesso propostos por Giovanella & Fleury, McIntyre et al. e Penchansky & Thomas. Os resultados são apresentados com base em três eixos: “percepções sobre prevenção combinada e PrEP”; “disponibilidade e adequação: perfil e estrutura dos serviços no contexto do ImPrEP”; e “aceitabilidade: atitudes e práticas dos profissionais de saúde e usuários”.

This article discusses the importance and principles of hydraulic calculations in in non-pressurized pipelines. The main hydraulic elements of flow in a non-pressurized pipe are determined depending on the radius of the pipe. The most efficient hydraulic cross section R=f(h) for fluid flow in a non-pressurized pipe was scientifically substantiated for the depth and diameter of the flow through a functional relationship.

According to experts, an individual's diet has a more significant impact on their health, around 90%, compared to healthcare services, which only impact about 10%. Certain elements like iron, copper, zinc, molybdenum, and trace elements play a crucial role in the biological functions of plants, animals, and humans. The study was carried out through both field and laboratory experimentation, following methodological manuals such as “Methods for agrochemical analysis of soil and plants”, “Methods for agrophysical research” and “Methods of conducting field experiments”. It was found that the aquifer also had a low content of alkalinity (NSO3) at 0.024%, chloride ions at 0.007%, and sulfate ions at 0.027%, indicating that it is a chloride-sulfate salinity type. The next layers showed a total amount of easily soluble salts in water ranging from 0.065-0.085%, with a total alkalinity of 0.024%, chloride ion content at 0.004%, and sulfate ion content ranging from 0.016-0.023%

This article presents the results of experiments on the physical processes that occur during the hardening process of concrete in dry hot-climatic seasons and the reduction of their negative effects - as well as on the physical and mechanical properties. Under the influence of solar radiation and high temperature, the amount of water in the newly laid concrete mixture begins to evaporate rapidly. As a result of intensive evaporation of water in the concrete mixture from the bottom to the top, interconnected pores are formed, as a result of which the concrete has a defective structure, and this situation leads to a decrease in concrete strength. As a result of dehydration of the concrete mixture, the cement hydration process slows down and may even stop. If the hardening of the concrete is not adequately controlled, its strength may be only 50% of the design strength. The duration of keeping newly laid concrete under polymer films is determined by the construction laboratory, taking into account specific climatic conditions. Covering the concrete surface with inventory thermal insulation coatings (ITVP). These covers are made by pulling two-layer polyethylene film on wooden or metal frames. They can also be folded and assembled. The effectiveness of this method is not very high, it is considered a waste product.

Diabetes is a chronic disease, which is the seventh leading cause of death worldwide. The increased risk to the health of diabetic patients, with comorbidities in harsh situations like COVID-19 pandemics, necessitates real-time monitoring of blood glucose. Monitoring of blood glucose is invasive, hence, sweat glucose monitoring can be an alternative approach to address the invasive issue in blood glucose monitoring. This work reports a facile, low-cost, high-performance copper (Cu) native oxide (CuNOx)-based nonenzymatic electrochemical sensor for sweat glucose sensing. We utilized a very thin Cu native oxide of ~10 nm on Cu thin film for the sensing because of the excellent catalytic oxidation behavior of cuprous oxide (Cu2O) to glucose. The anodic sweep of cyclic voltammetry of glucose showed that the hydroxyl ions from sodium hydroxide convert the electrode surface into different oxides [Cu(I), Cu(II) Cu(III)], which electro-oxidize glucose to gluconolactone, then eventually to gluconic acid resulting in oxidation current. The CuNOx sensors exhibited a sensitivity of 603.42 μA mM−1 cm−2, a linear range beyond the desired limit of 7.00 mM with excellent linearity, and a low limit of detection of 94.21 μM. Excellent repeatability and stability (stable >1 year) with relative standard deviation (RSD) of 2.67%, and 2.70%, respectively were achieved for 1 mM glucose. The selectivity with common interferants of glucose in human sweat and blood showed an RSD of 3.56%. We believe the electrocatalytic efficacy of the CuNOx sensors for glucose sensing can open a new prospect in the fabrication of wearable sweat glucose sensors.

Resumo: A Saúde Coletiva tem se organizado a partir de três subcampos disciplinares: Epidemiologia; Política, Planejamento e Gestão e Ciências Sociais e Humanas. A partir do referencial sociológico da teoria dos campos de Bourdieu, analisou-se a distribuição de um conjunto de capitais científicos entre dois desses grupos de agentes científicos. Os dados foram extraídos do currículo Lattes de 191 docentes que fazem parte do corpo permanente dos Programas de Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva avaliados como de excelência pela Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), sendo 38 das Ciências Sociais e Humanas e 153 da Epidemiologia, sendo consolidados em um banco de dados em Excel. As dimensões analisadas foram: capital herdado ou adquirido, capital escolar, capital de poder político ou econômico, capital de poder universitário, capital de prestígio científico e capital de notoriedade intelectual. Apresentou-se o perfil da população de estudo com relação aos capitais estudados, assim como uma análise estratificada destes capitais considerando os dois grupos, além de uma análise de correspondência múltipla. Os dois grupos apresentam distribuição semelhante na maioria dos capitais, conformando um grupo de grande prestígio científico. A exceção se dá justamente nos capitais de publicação e citação, considerados centrais para a aferição de maior prestígio e reconhecimento. A predominância numérica da Epidemiologia também pode possibilitar maior ocupação nas instâncias decisórias de aferição de prestígio. Conclui-se que equilíbrio do campo se dá na afirmação da alteridade, permitindo que distintos capitais tenham espaço mais destacado na aferição de prestígio científico.