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In the development of novel phosphors for solid‐state light applications, the suitable excitation peak matching with blue LED chip was usually neglected. However, the excitation peak of phosphors was strongly related to the Stocks shift, crystal field splitting, and centroid shift. Here, an environmentally friendly borate phosphor KSr4B3O9: Eu2+ with the maximum excitation peak position at ∼460 nm was prepared in a quite mild synthesis condition. With a blue light excitation, KSr4B3O9: Eu2+ phosphors could emit a bright yellow light centered at ∼560 nm, which could be attributed to the drastic centroid shift and strong crystal field splitting. The strong electron cloud overlaps between Eu–O and the high electron density on the O atom turned out to be the main reason that induces the strong nephelauxetic effect. In addition, the strong crystal field splitting was benefited to the relatively short average Sr–O distance and the large Sr–O distances distribution range from ∼2.23 to 2.96 Å. Meanwhile, the Eu2+ occupation of all the Sr2+ sites in KSr4B3O9 host identified by Rietveld refinement, cryogenic emission spectra, and Eu3+ fluorescent probe gave another evidence to the wide absorption region. The final WLED device and three‐dimensional colorful artwork were fabricated and displayed to suggest a potential application in the solid‐state lighting field and some expressions of esthetic concepts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and Objectives: Fulminant type 1 diabetes (FT1D) could present diabetes ketoacidosis (DKA) at early onset. It is crucial to identify FT1D from DKA manifestations in time at clinical practice. This study was aimed at investigating whether the fulminant index (FI), encompassing plasma glucose (PG) to glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) ratio (PG/HbA1c), serum potassium ion (K+) to HbA1c ratio (K+/HbA1c) and serum sodium ion (Na+) multiplied by HbA1c (Na+*HbA1c), is a feasible indicator for early FT1D diagnosis. Materials and Methods: A total of 78 subjects were enroled, including 40 FT1D patients and 38 non‐FT1D patients with DKA. We utilised receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to determine the FI cut‐off values between FT1D and non‐FT1D groups and examined efficacies of FI based on statistics. Results: ROC curve analyses showed that the maximum Youden's index for PG/HbA1c bonding to a cut‐off value of 4.389, with the sensitivity of 75.0% and specificity of 81.6% in identifying FT1D from DKA. And optimal K+/HbA1c cut‐off value was 0.728 with a sensitivity of 90.0% and specificity of 84.2%. For Na+*HbA1c, the best cut‐off value was 923.65, and its sensitivity and specificity were 85% and 73.7%, respectively. Conclusions: These results suggested FI could work as a valid and convenient indicator for differentiating FT1D from initial DKA patients. FI (K+/HbA1c) presented the best efficacy as an independent index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Studies on organ-specific autoimmune endocrine disorders showed correlations between disease risks and vitamin D pathways gene variants, such as CYP27B1 rs10877012 and rs4646536, or CYP2R1 rs10741657 single nucleotide polymorphisms. However, previous works presented inconsistent conclusions. Our study aimed at assessing the association of CYP27B1 and CYP2R1 polymorphisms with autoimmune endocrine disorder susceptibility using the meta-analysis method.Methods: Case-control studies of the subject of interest were identified from the databases Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. Studies that met inclusion and quality criteria were pooled. Observational outcomes were diagnosis of autoimmune Addison's disease, Graves disease, Hashimoto thyroiditis, or type 1 diabetes mellitus. Statistical analysis was performed using software STATA 16.0.Results: A total of 14 studies involving 12 929 patients (2243 autoimmune Addison disease, 1253 Graves disease, 612 Hashimoto thyroiditis, 8821 type 1 diabetes), and 12 907 healthy control subjects were pooled for meta-analysis. The rs10877012 minor allele A and its homozygote and heterozygote conferred low overall disease risk (OR [odds ratio] = 0.748, 95% CI [confidence interval] 0.620-0.902 in dominant model; OR = 0.709, 95% CI 0.571-0.879 in recessive model; OR = 0.777, 95% CI 0.674-0.895 in the allele model). The population carrying rs4646536 minor allele C and its homozygote and heterozygote showed decreased overall autoimmune endocrine disorders risk (OR = 0.849, 95% CI 0.748-0.963; OR = 0.868, 95% CI 0.790-0.955; OR = 0.915, 95% CI 0.875-0.957 in the dominant, recessive, and allele model, respectively). No significant genetic association was found for rs10741657.Conclusion: Our study suggested CYP27B1 polymorphisms rs10877012 minor allele A and rs4646536 minor allele C were negatively related to susceptibilities of organ-specific autoimmune endocrine diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a critical prodromal stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD) with high risk of conversion. It is of great challenge to construct reliable biomarkers for predicting conversion from MCI to AD, while the underlying mechanism is still not fully explored. Inter‐dataset generalizability is a prerequisite for clinical use of biomarkers and always a shortage of neuroimaging‐based studies. Method: In this study, we propose a novel framework by integrating structural MRI (sMRI) and both static and dynamic resting‐state functional MRI (fMRI) measurements to investigate the differences between MCI converters (MCI_C) and non‐converters (MCI_NC), and then utilized support vector machine (SVM) to construct the prediction models based on selected features. A total of 186 MCI patients with both MRI and three‐year outcome data were selected from two independent cohorts: Shanghai Memory Study (SMS) cohort for selection of MRI predictors and internal cross‐validation, and ADNI cohort for external validation on the generalizability of these MRI predictors. Result: In comparison with MCI_NC, the MRI converters were mainly characterized by alterations of medial temporal lobe (MTL) with atrophy extending to lateral temporal and regional hyperactivity and instability, posterior parietal cortex (PPC) with atrophy and inter‐regional hypo‐connectivity and connectional instability, and occipital cortex with functional instability. All of the imaging‐based prediction models achieved an AUC above 0.7 and ACC above 70% in both SMS and ADNI cohorts. The combination of static and dynamic fMRI features resulted in overall good performance as relative to static or dynamic fMRI solely, supporting the contribution of dynamic features into the fMRI model. In both cohorts, the best imaging model was the multi‐modality MRI model which provided excellent performance with AUC above 0.85 and average ACC/sensitivity/specificity around 80%. Conclusion: This inter‐cohort validation study provides a new insight into the mechanisms of MCI conversion and paves a way for eventual clinical use of MRI biomarkers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To comprehensively understand the quantitative mechanical-thermal properties and fracture mechanisms of Zr-based bulk metallic glass (BMG), by using self-made miniature tensile/compressive device and motor-piezoelectric coupling driven fatigue device, a series of static and dynamic mechanical tests at elevated temperatures of bulk Zr55Cu30Al10Ni5 BMG with glass transition temperature Tg of 411°C were carried out. Uniaxial tensile and compressive behaviours at temperatures with range from RT to 400°C were experimentally obtained by means of digital speckle correlation analysis, the estimation of Young's modulus and fracture strengths as a function of the applied temperatures were investigated. The static and cyclic fracture morphologies at various temperatures were obtained to describe the mechanical-thermal fracture mechanisms in detail. The coupling effect of loading types, stress-induced temperature rise and applied temperature on the evolution of cleavage features, dimples, vein patterns and shear softening behaviours were investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous studies indicated that blood‐based biomarkers could predict cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD) continuum. Method: Two hundred and fifty‐one participants with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) from the Shanghai Memory Study were followed up for a maximum of 8 years. Baseline blood biomarkers were measured with the single‐molecule array (Simoa) platform. Multipoint clinical diagnosis and domain‐specific cognitive functions were assessed to investigate the longitudinal relationship between blood biomarkers and clinical AD progression. Result: Participants with high‐risk plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 (A) and p‐tau181 (T) level demonstrated the highest probability of incident AD (HR 5.54, 95% CI 2.99‐10.27), and the most dramatic decline in global cognition, attention, executive function, visuospatial function, and language. Comparing to young‐old participants, the old‐old ones with low‐ and moderate‐risk AT showed higher AD risks (HR 3.70, 95% CI 1.16‐11.81; HR 3.15, 95% CI 1.37‐7.26), and faster cognitive deterioration. Conclusion: The results supported the use of plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 and p‐tau181 as accessible and feasible indicators of AD progression and the long‐term cognitive deterioration, especially in patients with older age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of the 2024 Alzheimer's Association Workgroup's integrated clinical-biological staging scheme in outpatient settings within a tertiary memory clinic., Methods: The 2018 syndromal cognitive staging system, coupled with a binary biomarker classification, was implemented for 236 outpatients with cognitive concerns. The 2024 numeric clinical staging framework, incorporating biomarker staging, was specifically applied to 154 individuals within the Alzheimer's disease (AD) continuum., Results: The 2024 staging scheme accurately classified 95.5% AD. Among these, 56.5% exhibited concordant clinical and biological stages (canonical), 34.7% demonstrated more advanced clinical stages than biologically expected (susceptible), and 8.8% displayed the inverse pattern (resilient). The susceptible group was characterized by a higher burden of neurodegeneration and inflammation than anticipated from tau, whereas the resilient group showed the opposite., Discussion: The 2024 staging scheme is generally feasible. A discrepancy between clinical and biological stages is relatively frequent among symptomatic patients with AD., Highlights: The 2024 AA staging scheme is generally feasible in a tertiary memory clinic. A discrepancy between clinical and biological stages is relatively frequent in AD. The mismatch may be influenced by a non-specific pathological process involved in AD. Individual profiles like aging and lifestyles may contribute to such a mismatch. Matched and mismatched cases converge toward similar clinical outcomes., (© 2024 The Author(s). Alzheimer's & Dementia published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Alzheimer's Association.)

The phosphor with a highly condensed, rigid framework structure and a single crystallographic site often exhibit symmetrical narrow-band emission. It is challenging to achieve broadband emission by doping Eu 2+ ions in similar structures. Here, we propose to control the occupation and quenching concentration of Eu 2+ ions in a single-site matrix Sc 2 Si 2 O 7 to increase efficiency and precise regulation of luminescence spectra substantially. The analysis of photoluminescence spectroscopy through steady-state, transient-state, and Gaussian fitting techniques has discovered two emission centers despite the presence of a single rare-earth substitution site. The theoretical calculations and bond valence sum subsequently prove that Eu 2+ ions prefer substituting the Sc 3+ and interval sites to emit intense cyan light. Under 340 nm excitation, broad cyan-emission (FWHM = 115 nm) is exhibited with a high quantum yield of 60.67 %. The present phosphor exhibits pronounced thermal stability, and the emission intensity can still keep 68.3 % at 170 °C compared to that at atmospheric temperature. The Sc 2 Si 2 O 7 : Eu 2+ phosphor boasts exceptional potential as a highly efficient cyan component in full-spectrum WLEDs. By replacing the blue light component commonly found in WLEDs, the intelligent and healthy alternative Sc 2 Si 2 O 7 : Eu 2+ phosphor can effectively decrease the harmful blue light. This work also highlights the critical need to analyze local phosphor distortions upon rare-earth substitution, especially in single crystallographic site structures., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Blood-brain-barrier (BBB) serves as a fatal guard of the central nervous system as well as a formidable obstacle for the treatment of brain diseases such as brain tumors. Cell membrane-derived nanomedicines are promising drug carriers to achieve BBB-penetrating and brain lesion targeting. However, the challenge of precise size control of such nanomedicines has severely limited their therapeutic effect and clinical application in brain diseases. To address this problem, this work develops a microfluidic mixing platform that enables the fabrication of cell membrane-derived nanovesicles with precise controllability and tunability in particle size and component. Sub-100 nm macrophage plasma membrane-derived vesicles as small as 51 nm (nanoscale macrophage vesicles, NMVs), with a narrow size distribution (polydispersity index, PDI: 0.27) and a high drug loading rate (up to 89% for indocyanine green-loaded NMVs, NMVs@ICG (ICG is indocyanine green)), are achieved through a one-step process. Compared to beyond-100 nm macrophage cell membrane vesicles (general macrophage vesicles, GMVs) prepared via the traditional methods, the new NMVs exhibits rapid (within 1 h post-injection) and enhanced orthotopic glioma targeting (up to 78% enhancement), with no extra surface modification. This work demonstrates the great potential of such real-nanoscale cell membrane-derived nanomedicines in targeted brain tumor theranostics., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Introduction: Blood biomarkers showed values for predicting future cognitive impairment. Evidence from the community-based cohort was limited only in high-income countries., Methods: This study included 1857 dementia-free community residents recruited in 2009-2011 and followed up in waves 2014-2016 and 2019-2023 in the Shanghai Aging Study. We intended to explore the relationships of baseline plasma ALZpath phosphorylated tau 217 (p-tau217), p-tau181, neurofilament light chain (NfL) with follow-up incident dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and amyloidosis., Results: Higher concentrations of plasma p-tau217, p-tau181, and NfL were correlated to higher decline speed of Mini-Mental State Examination score, and higher risk of incident dementia and AD. The p-tau217 demonstrated a significant correlation with longitudinal neocortical amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition ( r  = 0.57 [0.30, 0.76]) and a high accuracy differentiating Aβ+ from Aβ- at follow-ups (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.821 [0.703, 0.940])., Discussion: Plasma p-tau217 may be an early predictive marker of AD and Aβ pathology in older community-dwelling individuals. Highlights: Plasma p-tau217, p-tau181, and NfL were positively associated with long-term cognitive decline and risk of incident dementia.Plasma p-tau217 showed a better performance distinguishing Aβ+ individuals from Aβ- individuals at follow-ups.Plasma NfL may be a suitable predictor of general cognitive decline in older community-dwelling individuals., Competing Interests: Dr Ding reported receiving grants from Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project and ZJ LAB, Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, National Natural Science Foundation of China, and Key Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology, China. Dr Zhao reported receiving grants from Shanghai Hospital Development Center, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science. Dr Liang reported receiving grants from Shanghai Sailing Program. All payments were made to the institution. No other disclosures were reported. Author disclosures are available in the supporting information., (© 2023 The Authors. Alzheimer's & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Alzheimer's Association.)

The energy transfer of Ce 3+ -Eu 2+ can often greatly increase the luminescence efficiency and expand the scope of application. In this study, blue to cyan color-tunable phosphors BaCa 13 Mg 2 (SiO 4 ) 8 :Ce 3+ ,Eu 2+ were prepared. BaCa 13 Mg 2 (SiO 4 ) 8 :Eu 2+ cyan phosphors have limited applications in WLEDs because of their disadvantages, including the inadequate luminescence performance and imperfect matching of UV chips. Therefore, Ce 3+ ions were used as sensitizers to enhance the optical performance of Eu 2+ ions. The energy transfer efficiency between Ce 3+ and Eu 2+ in the BaCa 13 Mg 2 (SiO 4 ) 8 host was calculated to be 96.7%, and the incorporation of Ce 3+ ions boosted the integrated intensity and quantum efficiency of the emission spectrum by approximately 80% and 20%, respectively. At 140 °C, the integral emission intensities could still keep at 81.5% of the initial integral intensities at 25 °C. The Ce 3+ , Eu 2+ co-doped cyan phosphor-based WLED lamp could produce outstanding warm white light with CIE coordinates of (0.3722, 0.3222), demonstrating the enormous potential for WLED applications.

This study aimed to determine whether blood neurofilament light chain (NfL) modifies the association of olfactory dysfunction (OD) with long-term cognitive decline. A total of 1125 non-demented older adults in the Shanghai Aging Study were evaluated for baseline olfaction (12-item Sniffin' Sticks Smell Test) and cognitive trajectory by a 12-year follow-up. Baseline blood NfL was quantified using Single Molecular Array assay, and dichotomized into low and high levels based on the median value of concentration. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status-40 were used to assess participants' cognitive function. Cognitive decline was ascertained when dementia was diagnosed or documented in the medical record during follow-up, or the MMSE declining rate (slope) was 1.0 SD larger than the group mean. OD participants presented a steeper trajectory of MMSE score ( p interaction = 0.004) and a high risk of cognitive decline (adjusted HR [95% CI], 1.82 [1.11, 2.98]) only in those with high NfL. Participants with combined OD and high NfL showed the highest risk of cognitive decline (adjusted HR, 2.43 [1.20, 4.92]). OD, especially in combination with high blood NfL concentration, may be able to identify individuals who later incur cognitive deterioration., Competing Interests: Dr. Ding reported receiving grants from Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project and ZJ LAB, Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, National Natural Science Foundation of China, and Key Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology, China. Dr. Zhao reported receiving grants from Shanghai Hospital Development Center, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science. Dr. Liang reported receiving grants from Shanghai Sailing Program. All payments were made to the institution. No other disclosures were reported. The authors have no declarations of interest to disclose (see the Supporting Information for details)., (© 2023 The Authors. Alzheimer's & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Alzheimer's Association.)

With the development of solid-state lighting, full-spectrum lighting has gradually received extensive attention. Until now, Bi 3+ -doped narrow-band blue phosphors have been widely reported, but broadband green-yellow Bi 3+ -doped luminescent materials generated by metal-to-metal charge transfer have been rarely reported. In this study, a Bi 3+ ion doped germanate luminescent material CsAlGe 2 O 6 : x %Bi 3+ (1 ≤ x ≤ 11) is synthesized by a high-temperature sintering method. The phosphor can generate a broad green-yellow band peaking at 535 nm with a full width at half maximum of 165 nm under ultraviolet radiation. Through the analysis of the coordination environment, photoluminescence spectra and decay curves, the broadband emission spectra of Bi 3+ ions are proved to be generated by the metal-to-metal charge transfer state and the 3 P 1 → 1 S 0 transition. By using theoretical research, luminescence kinetics, and Gaussian fitting, the luminescence mechanism of Bi 3+ is examined. Meanwhile, the high quantum efficiency and superior thermal stability prove that the phosphor can be used as an efficient luminescent material in the field of full-spectrum LED devices.

Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest None declared.