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This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of two different murine models of hormone-treated renal-encapsulated bovine ovarian tissue xenotransplantation. Two immunodeficient mouse models (BALB/c Nude and C57BL6 SCID) were xenografted with ovarian pieces from heifers and each group was subjected to two hormonal treatments of eCG or a combination of FSH+LH. Donor ovaries and recipients were evaluated by histology and infrared thermography at different times. At the time of xenograft collection, animals were evaluated for alterations in hepatorenal biochemistry. The statistical test used in the study was ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s test. Among the strains, 80% of C57BL6 SCID and 77% of BALB/c Nude mice showed development and vascularization of the transplanted tissue, which acquired cyclicity at 19 and 9 days post-transplant, respectively. Hemorrhagic follicles in xenografts induced with FSH+LH were found in the C57BL6 SCID strain. Infrared thermography was insufficient to distinguish the tissue donor recipient. In conclusion, the C57BL6 SCID strain appears to be the best host for ovarian xenografts, since the transplants in these mice were viable and showed robust follicular development. This work will aid future choices of immunodeficient strains for xenografting procedures.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of three different incubation times on in vitro maturation of domestic cat oocytes. Thus, ovaries (n = 42) were submitted to slicing procedure and the oocytes recovered were classified; only good quality oocytes (Grade I and II) underwent in vitro maturation for three different periods (24 vs. 30 vs. 36 h) in supplemented TCM-99 medium. After, oocytes were evaluated for cumulus cell expansion and presence of the first polar body. After six replicates (7 ± 1,7 ovaries per replicate), a total of 334 viable oocytes were recovered. Differences (p

Hematological and biochemical profile studies help to evaluate functional changes of animals used in experiments. The aim of this study was to determine the hematological and biochemical profile of immunosuppressed BALB/c nude and C57BL/6 SCID mice after bovine ovarian xenotransplantation. Therefore, a total of 74 female mice were divided into four groups: non-xenotransplanted animals, xenotransplanted animals, xenotransplanted animals treated with eCG and xenotransplanted animals treated with FSH + LH. After anesthesia, blood samples were collected and hematologic and biochemical values were evaluated. The results showed no significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) for hematological parameters between the control group and the treatment groups of both strains. However, considering the biochemical profile, it was observed an increase of AST concentrations (p ≤ 0.05) in both strains and a decrease of ALT concentrations (p ≤ 0.05) only in C57BL/6 SCID strain of the groups subjected to hormonal treatment compared with those non subjected. Additionally, the values of the renal enzymes, urea and creatinine, did not differ (p ≤ 0.05) between the groups. Our findings suggest that the xenotransplantation procedure as well as the hormonal dosages had no significant effect on the well-being of the animals considering the evaluated hematological and biochemical profile.

Este trabalho avaliou as alteracoes causadas pela administracao diaria de um hematinico a base de vitaminas do complexo B e K, cobre, cobalto, zinco, ferro e glicose no perfil eritrocitario de asininos da raca Nordestina. Para tanto, foram utilizados oito asininos, que durante 35 dias permaneceram estabulados recebendo alimentacao balanceada e agua a vontade, alem do suplemento em questao. Os parâmetros analisados foram hematocrito, numero de hemacias, concentracao de hemoglobina, volume corpuscular medio, concentracao de hemoglobina corpuscular media, como tambem a observacao das celulas vermelhas, atraves de esfregaco sanguineo. O hematocrito, hemacias, concentracao de hemoglobina, VCM e CHCM demonstraram aumento significativo apos a utilizacao do composto, porem nao foram observadas alteracoes nas analises dos esfregacos. O suplemento, ao termino do experimento, foi capaz de melhorar o perfil eritrocitario dos animais.

Background: Due to the numerous complications that enteropexy may cause in domestic animals and humans, this study aimed at investigating the microscopic level, the damage generated by this technique in mice, in order to investigate the morphometric changes caused by enteropexy technique in rats.Materials, Methods & Results: Eighteen Wistar rats were submitted to surgical technique of enteropexy. To evaluate intestinal disorders they were euthanized at 30 (Group I), 60 (group II) and 90 (group III) days after the procedure. The animals were perfused with 2.5% glutaraldehyde and 4% paraformaldehyde for the removal of intestinal fragments for analysis in conventional microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. In classical histopathology, group I presented mild lesions with necrosis of the epithelium and infiltration of mononuclear cells. After 60 days, extensive ischemic necrosis area was observed, characterized by the denudation of epithelium cells and cellular debris in the lumen surface and loss of intestinal crypts. After 90 days (group III) lesions were evident and were characterized by strong coagulative necrosis of epithelial cells and intestinal crypts. Under electron microscopy, group I showed early fusion of the adjacent intestinal walls. After 60 days there was adherence of luminal stenosis and intestinal walls. In group III loss of epithelium and substitution of necrotic tissue were identified.Discussion: In the current study it was noticed microscopically that the groups had inflammatory reactions to foreign bodies. It is known that the sutures, independent of manufacture, behave as foreign bodies that induce tissue inflammation of the recipient organism and could harm the scar repair. Among the surgical threads, the nylon type (which was chosen for the current experiment) is indicated in the approach tissues in general and bandages, including cardiovascular, ophthalmic and neurological procedures. This category wire induces minimal inflammation of the receptor tissue. In studies of the histopathological analysis of the tissue reactions produced by the wire implant or nylon thread clamp in rats, it was observed that when the local action of two implants were compared, inflammation showed qualitatively similar responses, although they had different characteristics regarding their course. Inflammation is proportional to the proliferation of fibroblasts and the presence of fibrous tissue around the suture. This quote confirms the analyzed samples, in which, in all postoperative times showed inflammatory process, although at different magnitudes. Surgical research in laboratory animals has expanded in recent decades, mainly due to better anesthetic support, the sophistication of infrastructure, material for perioperative continuous monitoring and an incessant search for species that reproduce human morbid conditions. The main focus of these studies have been improving the knowledge about the pathophysiological mechanisms of disease, undertake therapeutic trials with new drugs, studying biomarkers and evaluate new techniques to be applied prospects in man. The most common sites of occurrence of intestinal are ileocolic intussusception junction and jejunojejunal segment. The enteroplication has been used to reduce the occurrence of intussusception, promoting the adhesion of the adjacent serosa layers of intestinal segments and thereby decreasing intestinal motility, their applicability is reported in humans, dogs and cats. The enteropexy technique causes morphological changes in intestinal epithelium of rats, evidenced in conventional and electron microscopy, progress with the passing of time the procedure.

Entre todas as especialidades veterinárias, a dermatologia e a oncologia vêm se destacado. Nos equinos, além de causar problemas econômicos, as lesões de pele são um importante problema estético. A pele é o local mais comum de neoplasmas em equinos, perfazendo aproximadamente 50% de todos os tumores. Entre os principais destacam-se sarcoide, carcinoma de células escamosas, papiloma e melanoma. O sarcoide é a neoplasia cutânea mais frequente em equinos, e corresponde a um terço de todos os tumores descritos nesta espécie.Clinicamente são classificados em seis tipos: verrucoso, superficial, nodular, fibroblástico, maligno ou misto. O diagnóstico é dado mediante biopsia da pele e estudo histopatológico. A ligadura, remoção cirúrgica, criocirurgia, cirurgia a laser, eletroquimioterapia com uso de cisplatina intralesional, uso de BCG, radioterapia e uso tópico de aciclovir são opções de técnicas de tratamentos de tumores. O protocolo de tratamento deve ser escolhido com critérios pelo veterinário, já que para cada protocolo existem indicações diferentes e eficácias variáveis, que dependem do tipo de tumor, tamanho e sua localização. Esta revisão visa a descrever técnicas de tratamentos disponíveis na literatura para o sarcoide equino, além de esclarecer a etiologia, suas características histológicas e aspectos clínicos para melhor abordagem no diagnóstico desta neoplasia. De acordo com o descrito na literatura, o sarcoide equino é a neoplasia cutânea mais frequente na rotina clínica, o que determinou a escolha desta revisão, possibilitando, assim, um maior conhecimento acerca dessa afecção e dos tratamentos disponíveis no mercado.

Background: Animal models are widely used in scientific research because of the ability to generate information from an organism like everything under a given experimental condition. Hematological and biochemical tests in laboratory animals are essential for the validation of several scientific studies. In addition, it standardizes physiological values for these animals according to their sex, age, lineage, environment, and nutritional status. The present work aims to establish reference values for biochemical and hematological standards in Balb/c mice, for males and females.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 50 male and female mice were used at reproductive age. The procedures for collecting, processing, and analyzing the samples were standardized. The collected blood samples were immediately transferred to eppendorf tubes containing heparin, and intended for hematological and biochemical evaluation. The hematological evaluation consisted of Red blood cell count (RBC), Leukocyte counts (WBC), Platelet counts (PLT), Hematocrit (HCT), Hemoglobin concentration (HGB), Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Already the quantified biochemical parameters were: urea, creatinine, alanina aminotransaminase (ALT), aspartato aminotransaminase (AST) and fosfatase alcalina (FAL). The differential leukocyte count was also performed. Hematological results obtained for males and females were: 9.19 ± 3.35 (106/mm³) and 7.3 ± 2.01(106/mm³) of RBC; 35.8 ± 6.7% and 38.44 ± 3.93% of HCT; 11.51 ± 2.17 g/dL and 11.85 ± 1.56 g/dL of HGB; 45.83 ± 15.03 fL and 60.26 ± 18.25 fL of VCM; 31.80 ± 1.15% and 31.88 ± 0.99% of MCHC; and, 5380 ± 1994.21(10³/mm³) and 3564 ± 1071(10³/mm³) of WBC. The platelet counts were 878.92 ± 84.19 and 678.28 ± 227.21, for males and females respectively. And for differential leukocyte counts, for males and females: eosinophils 2.12 ± 1.09% and 2.16 ± 1.71%; monocytes 2.84 ± 1.03% and 2.68 ± 1%; lymphocytes 68 ± 8.36% and 71.76 ± 5.9%; neutrophils 27.04 ± 8.55% and 22.96 ± 5.54%. Basophils were not quantified in the samples. As for the biochemical parameters, values of 54.16 ± 27.8 UI/L and 29.72 ± 4.4 UI/L of ALT; 89.56 ± 47.73 UI/L and 71.32 ± 8.12 UI/L of AST; 3.76 ± 2.08 UI/L and 2.32 ± 0.85 UI/L of FAL; 31.76 ± 21.08 mg/dL and 41.48 ± 13.61 mg/dL of urea; and 0.76 ± 0.18 mg/dL and 0.44 ± 0.11 mg/dL of creatinine.Discussion: The mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, leukocyte, and platelet counts diverged from those found in literature. For the biochemical values, it was observed that creatinine values were different from those exhibited by other authors. Such divergences might be explained by the activity of endocrine organs, such as the production and/or release of activation/differentiation factors, and stress, applied methodology, lineage, or individual variability. In addition, differences in the methodologies applied may be responsible for variations in hematological and biochemical values, requiring the standardization of the equipment and reagents used, as well as the adoption of a range that represents the minimum and maximum values within the normal physiological standard for given mouse lineage. In conclusion, the values presented in the present work are within the variation curve for rodents, and can be used as reference for other studies that use these animals.

The fibroepithelial hyperplasia and cystic dysplasia correspond to feline mammary gland nonneoplastic proliferations. Although benign, they have the carcinoma as the main differential diagnosis. The study aimed to establish the clinical-epidemiological and therapeutic profile of nonneoplastic mammary neoformations of domestic cats, in order to help veterinary clinicians in the management of feline mastopathies. Information was obtained retrospectively from the Veterinary Hospital of the Semi-Arid Rural Federal University clinical records. Historical information, clinical appearance of the lesions and microscopic diagnosis were collected, besides the therapy used and the respective clinical response. The data were distributed in frequencies. It was found that most disorders (91%) corresponded to fibroepithelial hyperplasia, in contrast with one (9%) case of cystic dysplasia. Cytology was enough to confirm all cases of fibroepithelial hyperplasia, while the cystic dysplasia definitive diagnosis was obtained only by the histopathological exam. Many of the cats studied were under one year old, having not usually been ovariectomized yet, but already subjected to progestin treatment. The most common clinical sign were local cyanosis. In 90% of the female patients with breast fibroepithelial hyperplasia, primary treatment consisted of antiprogestagen drug (aglepristone) administration. After complete regression of the breast tissue, the patients underwent ovariosalpingohysterectomy. For the cystic dysplasia case, it was established the association of surgical sterilization with mastectomy. For all situations, the different therapies promoted permanent remission of the mastopathies. The data obtained become crucial for clinical management and therapy of feline patients suffering from nonneoplastic mammary gland neoformations.

Ovarian xenografting is an auxiliary reproductive technique that allows the conservation of germplasm of high-value livestock and endangered species. The use of exogenous gonadotropins assists in developing xenografted tissues and obtaining viable follicles for in vitro embryo production; however, this use has not been reported in the xenografting of cats' ( Felis catus ) ovaries with C57BL/6 female SCID mice ( Mus musculus ) as recipients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the responses of queens' ovaries to eCG when grafted into C57BL/6 female SCID mice. Ovarian cortex fragments from queens were grafted under the kidney capsule of 15 C57BL/6 SCID mice after bilateral ovariectomy. After 45 days, the recipients were divided into two groups: those that did not receive hormone induction (eCG−), which were euthanized at the time of induction, and those that received hormonal induction (eCG+), which were euthanized 48 hours later. All the tissues collected were histologically processed. The proportions of the different ovarian follicles were compared by chi-square test. The morphology of the follicles was compared between the experimental groups by Tukey (primordial, primary, and secondary follicles) and Kruskal–Wallis (antral follicles) tests. Macroscopically, we observed a few antral follicles that were over 1 mm in size in grafts treated with eCG. Microscopically, follicles of all categories were observed in the grafts, and all had normal morphology for the species studied. However, larger primordial and primary follicles were observed in the eCG+ transplants than those in the eCG− transplants. There was a decrease in primordial follicles and an increase in the other follicles, particularly in the antral follicles of the eCG+ group, a phenomenon that we propose to term “follicular right shift”. Luteinized follicles were also observed in grafts treated with eCG. Therefore, treatment with eCG is effective for follicular development but does not provoke a good superovulatory response, so the correct application time should be identified. Other protocols should be tested, to obtain viable follicles that can be used for in vitro embryo production.

O ciclo estral é a sincronia entre eventos comportamentais, anatômicos e endócrinos que resultam na ovulação, e pode ser dividido em fase lútea e fase folicular. A identificação das fases do ciclo estral da égua pode ser acompanhada por meio de várias biotécnicas reprodutivas como, por exemplo, citologia vaginal classificando os diversos tipos de células do epitélio vaginal, ultrassonografia para avaliação da dinâmica folicular e a dosagem hormonal no plasma sanguíneo ou das fezes do animal para caracterizar a fase do ciclo estral que o animal possivelmente se encontra. Sendo assim, o objetivo desta revisão foi discutir a fisiologia do ciclo estral de éguas, a fim de favorecer novas pesquisas relacionadas à biotécnicas reprodutivas para equinos.

Os carcinomas da mama dos felinos apresentam alta taxa de malignidade, com comportamento invasivo na maioria dos casos. Ha numerosas pesquisas sobre os tumores de mama em cadelas, porem ainda existem poucos estudos em oncologia felina, principalmente em relacao ao aspecto metastatico tumoral. O presente trabalho objetivou caracterizar o perfil de metastases associado aos carcinomas da glândula mamaria felina. Foram analisados, de forma retrospectiva, os prontuarios de 24 gatas domesticas portadoras de carcinomas da glândula mamaria. Utilizou-se o arquivo do Hospital Veterinario da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Arido (Mossoro, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil), compreendendo o periodo de dezembro de 2004 a agosto de 2009. As informacoes colhidas corresponderam a distribuicao de metastases, detectadas ao exame necroscopico. Todos os disturbios sugestivos de metastases mamarias na inspecao macroscopica foram encaminhados para analise histopatologica. Houve a possibilidade de realizacao de necropsia em apenas sete (29%) pacientes. Todas as gatas demonstraram infiltracao tumoral mamaria em mais de um orgao. A avaliacao histopatologica das lesoes extramamarias revelou similaridade com os padroes dos carcinomas examinados, possibilitando assim a caracterizacao de metastatizacao, a partir das neoplasias malignas primarias das glândulas mamarias. O pulmao equivaleu ao sitio de maior comprometimento (86%), seguido da pleura parietal, coracao, linfonodos intratoracicos, figado (ambos com 43%), ossos (28,6%), diafragma, baco, rim, ovario, utero e linfonodos mesentericos caudais (ambos com 14,3%). O carcinoma mamario felino demonstra uma ampla distribuicao de disturbios secundarios para distintos orgaos e estruturas corporeas.

Aimed to investigate the main pulmonary changes found in cattle intended for slaughter slaughtering and industrial Refrigerator Natal, RN, from October 2013 to January 2014. Inspection was performed post mortem advocated by Regulation inspection of products of animal origin 2386 animal animals were divided into two groups: the coming Mossoro or from other states. Data were collected through records and analyzed using descriptive statistics (percentage) and frequency of variables found by chi square test. The results showed that 71 % (n = 1695) examined the lungs were considered healthy and 29 % ( n = 691) had some type of injury . Furthermore, 48.7 % (n = 337) of the convictions were of animals from Mossley and 51.3 % (n = 354) from other states . With regard to pulmonary disorders , emphysema (28.8 %) , congestion (28 %) , aspiration of blood ( 12.3 %), pneumonia (8.8%) , aspiration of rumen contents (8 %) , hyperemia were observed ( 8%), abscess (2.7%) , edema (2.4%) and pneumonia (1.0%). Both groups showed similar results when compared to each other, except for abscess (p = 0.02) and agonal aspiration of blood ( p = 0.00 ) in the animals of the region of Natal, edema (p = 0.04) and emphysema ( p = 0.03 ) for animals from other regions of the country. It was concluded that animal stunning at slaughter is important, influencing the appearance of pulmonary changes, being related to a standard of efficiency, adequacy and accuracy training on stunning and people involved in the process.

A avaliacao morfometrica dos equideos e baseada nas relacoes entre as diversas regioes do corpo e o conjunto por elas formado. Sendo assim, as proporcoes corporais podem ser avaliadas a partir de indices que evidenciem relacoes entre as medidas de comprimento, perimetro e peso. Devido a importância socioeconomica dos asininos, particularmente nas regioes norte e nordeste do Brasil, e a inexistencia de associacoes e pesquisas descrevendo a forma e funcao dos asininos de raca Nordestina, existe a necessidade de serem realizadas avaliacoes corporais adequadas destes animais para definicao de seus parâmetros morfometricos. Sendo assim, este trabalho teve o objetivo de estimar esses parâmetros atraves das proporcoes corporais desses animais. Foram utilizados 100 asininos participantes de provas de velocidade em municipios do estado do Rio Grande do Norte, no periodo de julho de 2011 a janeiro de 2012. Entre os animais analisados, 95% eram machos e 5% femeas, com idade media de 8,05±4,94 anos, sendo que 86% dos animais eram utilizados apenas para corrida e 14% usados tambem para tracao. Apos analises dos dados de diâmetro toracico, comprimento corporal, perimetro de canela e altura de cernelha, obteve-se os indices corporal, dactilo toracico, carga de canela, compacidade 1, conformacao, carga 1 e 2 e peso vivo verdadeiro. Assim, os asininos da raca Nordestina utilizados em provas de corrida no estado do Rio Grande do Norte, foram classificados como: longilineos, aptos a sela e hipermetricos, aptos a tracao.

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi comparar a atividade cicatricial do extrato aquoso da vagem e da casca da Caesalpinia ferrea (tul.) Martius (juca) em lesoes cutâneas de asininos (Equus asinus). Para a realizacao deste trabalho, em cada um dos oito animais experimentais foram feitas quatro feridas em formato de figura plana circular, a partir de um molde metalico esterilizavel. Nas feridas do lado direito aplicou-se os extratos e nas do lado esquerdo, apenas soro fisiologico. Os animais marcados de I a IV foram tratados com extrato da casca e aqueles de V ao VIII com extrato da vagem. Foram coletados dados semanais, durante 63 dias, referentes a sinais clinicos, alem de planimetria, visando calculo da area de cicatrizacao da ferida cirurgica. Os resultados apontaram que o uso dos extratos aquosos da vagem e da casca do juca (Caesalpinia ferrea) para tratamento de feridas em asininos (Equus asinus), nas condicoes experimentais propostas, nao foi suficiente para interferir no processo de cicatrizacao.

A nutricao e importante para o sucesso da criacao de equinos, ainda mais para animais atletas, assim objetivou-se descrever o manejo nutricional de equinos utilizados em provas de vaquejada. Este estudo foi realizado durante provas de vaquejada no estado do Rio Grande do Norte, utilizando 2.061 equinos atraves da aplicacao de questionarios aos proprietarios ou responsaveis pelos animais, sobre a quantidade e frequencia diaria de fornecimento de farelos, concentrados industrializados e sal mineral para cada animal. Alem disso, com auxilio de fita metrica metalica obteve-se o diâmetro toracico dos animais e com esse dado foi calculado o peso corporal verdadeiro. Os valores obtidos foram analisados atraves de estatistica descritiva, utilizando media aritmetica, desvio padrao e porcentagem, alem da correlacao de Pearson, com nivel de significância de 0,05%. Dos equinos analisados, 752 (36,5%), recebiam algum tipo de farelo, alem do concentrado industrializado. A quantidade media diaria oferecida aos animais era de 4,8 kg (±3,2 kg) e a frequencia de fornecimento variou de uma (20%) a quatro (1,6%) vezes por dia. Dos animais que recebiam concentrado industrializado, (76,3%) recebiam o concentrado 3 vezes ao dia. Em relacao ao fornecimento de sal mineral, 1.670 (81,0%) animais recebiam suplementacao mineral, sendo que para 71,1%, o sal mineral era fornecido a vontade. O peso corporal verdadeiro nao foi influenciado pela quantidade de sal fornecido aos equinos. Pode-se concluir que o manejo nutricional e importante para o desenvolvimento de equinos atletas.

Objetivou-se comparar dois sítios receptores no transplante autólogo ovariano em camundongas. Doze camundongas BALB/c foram divididas aleatoriamente em três grupos experimentais com quatro animais em cada. O G1 - animais não submetidos ao transplante, G2 - animais que receberam o fragmento ovariano no perimétrio, G3 - animais que tiveram o tecido subcutâneo abdominal como sítio receptor. Para o transplante, as fêmeas foram submetidas à ovariossalpingectomia bilateral. O ovário esquerdo foi encaminhado para processamento histológico. O córtex do ovário direito foi fragmentado e reimplantado nos locais especificados de acordo com os grupos. Os transplantes foram recuperados em 3/4 das camundongas em cada grupo tratado. No lavado vaginal, observou-se em metade das fêmeas do G3 e em 3/4 das fêmeas do G2 retorno da ciclicidade. Observou-se presença de corpos lúteos em 1/4 dos transplantes do G3 e metade nos do G2. Na população folicular, foram observados todos os estádios de desenvolvimento. Comparando os sítios receptores observou-se maior porcentagem de retorno à ciclicidade, bem como de folículos, nos animais que tiveram o perimétrio como local do transplante. Já no subcutâneo houve menor crescimento folicular e menor quantidade de corpos lúteos. Dessa forma, conclui-se que o transplante autólogo ovariano alocado no tecido subcutâneo e no perimétrio permitiu tanto a manutenção tecidual quanto o desenvolvimento folicular, porém, o sítio de escolha vai depender do objetivo final que se almeja com a técnica.