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In chemical industrial treatment, excess alkalinity or acidity must normally be neutralised. One of the most significant components of neutralising water is determining the composition of the substances that cause acidity and alkalinity. Because a small change in the input value causes a huge change in the output value, pH control is critical. The controllers are tuned using the Genetic Algorithm. I-PD controllers based on Genetic Algorithms technique and Particle Swarm Optimization technique are constructed and compared. The performance of I-PD controllers is assessed in zones such as Acid, Neutral, and Base, with set points of 3, 7, and 10 respectively. Based on the simulation findings, it is found that for the pH neutralisation process, a PSO-based I-PD controller delivers lower error values than a GA-based I-PD controller.

The main objective of this paper is to reduce the power usage in home by cutting off the unnecessary equipments running in the home by sensing the human activity in the house. The project includes Arduino microcontroller as brain of its operation which smartly identifies the sensors deployed inside the house and activates or deactivates the home appliances based on the demand. This project includes RFID cards in order to open the main door to make the door access automatic and secured. Also in order to safeguard the home from theft, the intruder alert is made and the siren is automatically generated to avoid theft. To alert the user, the theft attempt notification is automatically sent to the concern person via SMS service. The Automatic portico lights are controlled by PWM pulses for intensity control based on the external luminance to save more energy. Also based on the human activity and temperature of the room, the air conditioner is controlled automatically with desired temperature. The system also prevents the wastage of electricity by controlling the water motors automatically.

This paper describes a performance boost for something like a SEPIC Power Factor Correction (PFC) converters focused on VSI-fed PMBLDC-fed adjustable velocity voltage. The PFC combines the full SEPIC bridge rectifier with a particular phase AC-DC conversion to achieve a near consistent power factor across a broad range of speeds. This recommended variable speed methodology assumes that DC power management is commensurate with the engine speed PMBLDC. Speed modulation uses a PI controller. This drive ensures great accuracy and permits high-speed operation from near-zero. This section offers a concise summary of the techniques used to monitor the understand the potential of the cascaded SEPIC-Converter.

Wind power is the strongest way to mitigate various kinds of clean age emissions. Operated continuously for decades, but in the past, the overwhelming majority of windmills had steady rotational rpm. Most airflow farms are focusing their operations to generate speed control turbines in order to increase their overall effectiveness. Alternatively, the inverter could be installed on the matrix side. Z-source inverter, which is more often referred to as an impedance source inverter, was introduced in this paper as a staging ground for upcoming developments. This transmits high-end strength to the truss. As long as the building possesses a variable breeze pace, wind turbines may be built that enhance the turbine's variable torque, and which drive an unchanging synchronous generator. This AC is maintained by using a rectifier after doing the job of removing the portion of the impedance source inverter's source inverter was missed and the electricity was supplied to the transformer.

Due to the ever-increasing concern for the environment and the progression of technology, renewable energy such as solar photovoltaic (PV), wind, and super capacitor is being widely used. Many creative approaches have been used to convert the power from renewable sources. One such creative solution is using power electronic converters to match the load and grid requirements so that the renewable generation's dynamic but instead steady-state characteristics are enhanced, with the goal of achieving maximum power point tracking (MPPT) regulate and energy storage to resolve this issue. This new design seeks to increase circuit efficacy and power density by using a multiple DC-DC converter [3] which has a DC input port for renewable sources, an unidirectional Input voltage port for energy storage, as well as an Output signal port for operating the load. A few new DC-DC four converters have developed in recent years and are now being researched in the literature. This study reviews several three-port DC/DC converter topologies that have been developed by different research organizations. The study concludes that topologies based on three-port Power converter with power terminals and a single inductor are likely for further research. The suggested system's simulation is done using MATLAB/SIMULINK.

New technological hurdles are growing as renewable energy-based generating distributions are rising. Due to the nearness of linked inverters and the variety of solar PV inverters, it is more likely for an overvoltage issue to occur. This is similar to the previous statement, which said that solar PV inverters help enhance the probability of reverse power flow. The continued issues with distribution network operations might lead distribution channel operators to institute further stricter limitations on the implementation of distributed PV inverters into their distribution networks. Despite this, these issues may be solved by means of supervision monitoring and data collection, such as SCADA. It's also a lot more expensive to build SCADA-like functionality using low voltage networks as there will be a large number of special equipment that will be linked to them. Instead, multi-agent systems like multi-robot systems may be used to deal with the aforementioned technological issues. This system is flexible and capable of using several control strategies, including decentralized control and hierarchical control, which may help to overcome the many technological issues.

The main objective of this paper is to increase the efficiency of electric vehicle by utilizing the available battery power and combustion engine power. The hybrid energy storage system helps to enhance the life of battery by reducing the peak power demand using an auxiliary fuel injector to the hybrid engine. When there is sudden raise in acceleration, the peak power demand raises and hence the battery life gets reduced, when there is sudden peak in discharge. In order to overcome this drawback, the hybrid engine takes both the fuel injector output and auxiliary energy storage system battery power to satisfy the load demand. We have used ARDUINO as a brain of this operation and it smartly identifies the excess power demand, cruise and normal mode of acceleration and rapidly switch between the battery storage and fuel injector accordingly in order to increase battery life time.

In this paper, wind energy based voltage swell and sag is calculated by using buck-boost otherwise bidirectional ac-ac converter is proposed. The most important thing to remember is to get a unidirectional buck converter that has no difficulties with shoot through and has an efficient switching unit. The resistor and capacitor snubbers provide the unidirectional option, resulting in smooth commutation. The reverse recovery loss and its related issues are configured by the freewheeling diode, where it has used with the power MOSFTET without the conduction of its body diodes. Even without using the non-inverting and inverting operations in the amplifiers, it can get a voltage gain and compensates both the voltage sag and swell, where IGBT and its gate pulse of PWM signal are mainly considered. Therefore, the proposed voltage ac-ac converter is used as a restorer of voltage, which can also be used in dynamic conditions to compensate both the swell and sag of the output voltage. Here, MATLAB Simulink is used for experimenting the voltage sag and swell ac-ac converter and also a compensator with wind energy power systemis used.

In this era we can see that most of the things running without connection like connection less motors Taking a main role from that, the PMBLDCM (Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor) is developed. Here we introduce our Zeta converter to improve speed control and the power factor in such motors. In a continuous conductance mode called as CCM we can process both the power factor correction which is our main aim, and the voltage regulations are done. Also, the Zeta is used as the both buck and boost converter where it can be named as bidirectional converter where in the forward used as buck and the reverse is used as boost type of converters. DC link capacitors controls the speed of the Permanent magnet Brushless DC motors. DC link capacitors also eliminates the ripple torque of PMBLDC motors. The voltage source inverter is fed with rectified dc output from the capacitors. Inverted AC supply is given to the Brushless DC Motor. Driver circuit gives the gate pulses to the MOSFET switches. Here the MATLAB Simulink is used to get the circuit designs of the respective Zeta converter and the remaining functions such as BLDC motor and its output.

Lack of communication causes problems for patients with neurodegenerative diseases, so the need for alternative methods is required to convey their thoughts with caretakers, friends, and family members. Brain–computer interface (BCI) is a device to control external devices by using mental thoughts without any other muscle movements to improve the communication quality for the disabled individual without any other help. The techniques of measuring electrical signal around the scalp during some activities by using electrodes are called electroencephalogram (EEG). By combining these two technologies together to form a brain–computer interaction, this helps the paralyzed individual to communicate with others to share the thoughts. In this paper, we deal with the history of EEG, electrode placements with measurements, and signal ranges, and also further discussed some of the prominent studies completed in designing BCI using EEG. This helps the new researchers to know the EEG measurement and position completely and paved the new way to create EEG-based interface research.

Today in current scenario work, most of the researchers concentrate to work on different types of DC-DC converter. Because converter techniques give more prominent output voltage, reduce switching losses and enhance the efficiency work, so it becomes high popularity. This work deals with divergence techniques of DC-DC converters, it includes maneuver process, equation model and finally comparative analysis takes part in different types of DC-DC converters.

Energy today had become a key factor in deciding the product cost at micro level as well as in dictating the inflation and the debit burden at macro level. Energy cost is a significant factor in economic activity. Energy audit helps in energy cost optimization, pollution control, safety aspects and suggest the method to improve the operating and ianmaintenance. Energy audit of a building is a systematic procedure which aims to evaluate the building existing energy consumption. The project proposes an overview of general energy conservation measures (ECMS) that can be recommended for leading institution. There is a continuous increase in the demand for energy to cater the needs of our educational institution. The audit report basically list the recommended energy conservation measure to reduce the energy cost.

The aim of this paper is to investigate the design computation and prototype model implementation of a Modified Mechanical Structure (MMS) Electric Bike (E-Bike). It is the technology that allows the vehicle to operate with the assistance of electrical energy. All conventional cars will be converted to electric vehicles (EVs) in the future. EVs will be affordable to all types of people, allowing them to fly comfortably and safely. As a result, this paper proposes a design estimate and model implementation of the MMS E-Bike with the smallest number of parts, lowest expense, and lightest weight possible. The most important parts of the designed MMS E-Bike are the battery, MMS, BLDC motor, and electronic commutator with their controller. Because of its adapted mechanical frame nature, the designed E-Bike is low in cost and weight, and it can also go up to 25 kmph. Furthermore, the rider will be able to ride the built MMS E-Bike without any pain to their bodies and should be able to sit comfortably during their journey. In comparison to the Ampere Angel and DMW Electra 20 E-Bikes, the performance of the developed model is tested under various operating conditions, as well as their battery backup.

Electromyography (EMG) performs an investigation on muscles work through the examination of electrical movement that is created from muscles. This electrical movement is shown in type of sign is the consequence of neuromuscular initiation related with muscle constriction. Highlight extraction is the change of the crude sign information into an applicable information structure by evacuating clamor, and featuring the significant information. This paper investigates three fundamental classes of highlights, for example: time area, recurrence space, and the time-recurrence area for the activity of an EMG based control framework.

The development of countries to alleviate control demands is focused on load shedding or power intrusion. In the centre of market fraud, non-controllers use a low degree of compliance management material. The related network of solar light-based voltaic photograph (PV) inverters is commonly used for household reinforcement via and via housetop. The battery is supplied by the network in full battery state. As the sole-based strength is used to charge the battery, the voltage of the PV frame is used. In addition to the usual system, the proposed control exchange structure for supervision is successful. The proposed controller was effective with a smaller private system in order to fulfil the stack demand for and stature heap of the programming matrix for the spanning of light hours for the reference, the proposed unit also fills out the household to-lattice (H2 G) structure. Keywords: Load shedding, PV, Inverter

The requirement for astute cultivating particularly in creating nations like Indiahas developed to a more noteworthy degree. Additionally, investigate in IoT based remotesensor organizing agribusiness, for example, observing of ecological conditions liketemperature, Humidity of encompassing and soil dampness and so on. The reason forproposed framework is to enhance the water system arrangement of Indian horticultureand furthermore to give sufficient to water system to specific regionnow a days eachframework iscomputerized keeping in mind the end goal to confront new difficulties in thepresent days mechanized framework have less manual operation, adaptability, unwaveringquality and exactness. Because of this request each field incline toward mechanized controlframeworks.

Now a days about 334 million persons crossways the world are pain from asthma. The number of people distress from asthma has been increasing harshly over the years, pollution being one of the main reasons. However monitoring contamination is a wide subject, but ending oneself from asthma is an calmer method available. It is vital to keep track of what triggers asthma attack in a patient, because indications do not occur right after the exposure to the producing parameters. Afterwards, the problem of persistent asthma management is introduced with a short overview of traditional disease management techniques. A review on lines to asthma tele watching is made. By the expertise, the purpose is to hold the sickness in a measured national with trivial exertion, intrusiveness and price, and measure patient’s disorder accurately. The delay in attack occurs depending on how much the person is sensitive to the factor. Therefore we attempt to suggest a perfect of a smooth asthma extrapolation organization using Internet of Things.