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The Agrobacterium-mediated floral dip protocol is the most extensively used transformation method for a model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Several useful methods for Agrobacterium tumefaciens–mediated transformations of Arabidopsis are existing, but they are time consuming and with low transformation efficiency. Here, we developed a transgenic Arabidopsis lines TET12p::TET12-RFP in a short period of time and enhanced transformation efficiency by using a modified transformation method by applying drought stress after floral dip. In this protocol, Agrobacterium cells carrying TET12p::TET12-RFP recombinant vectors were resuspended in a solution of 5% sucrose, 0.05% (v/v) silwet L-77 to transform female gametes of developing Arabidopsis inflorescences. Treated Arabidopsis were then applied with different levels of drought stresses to stimulate plants for the utilization of maximum plant energy in seed maturation process. The applied stresses achieved the fast maturation of already treated inflorescences while stopped the growing of newly arising untreated inflorescence, thus decreased the chances of wrong collection of untransformed seeds. Consequently, the collected seeds were mostly transgenic with a transformation frequency of at least 10%, thus the screening for positive transformants selection was more advantageous on a selective medium as compared to a classical floral dip method. Within 2-3 months, two hundred of individual transgenic plants were produced from just 10 infiltrated plants. This study concludes that application of drought stresses in a specific stage of plant is a beneficial strategy for achieving the transgenic Arabidopsis in a short period of time with high transformation efficiency. Resumo O protocolo de imersão floral mediado por Agrobacterium é o método de transformação mais amplamente utilizado para uma planta-modelo Arabidopsis thaliana. Existem vários métodos úteis para transformações de Arabidopsis mediados por Agrobacterium tumefaciens, mas são demorados e com baixa eficiência de transformação. Aqui, desenvolvemos uma linha transgênica de Arabidopsis TET12p::TET12-RFP em um curto período de tempo e eficiência de transformação aprimorada usando um método de transformação modificado por meio da aplicação de estresse hídrico após o mergulho floral. Neste protocolo, células de Agrobacterium transportando vetores recombinantes TET12p::TET12-RFP foram ressuspensas em uma solução de 5% de sacarose, 0,05% (v/v) silwet L-77 para transformar gametas femininos de inflorescências de Arabidopsis em desenvolvimento. Arabidopsis tratadas foram então aplicadas com diferentes níveis de estresse hídrico para estimular as plantas a utilizar o máximo de energia da planta no processo de maturação das sementes. Os estresses aplicados alcançaram a rápida maturação das inflorescências já tratadas enquanto paravam o crescimento de inflorescências não tratadas recém-surgidas, diminuindo, assim, as chances de coleta errada de sementes não transformadas. Consequentemente, as sementes coletadas eram principalmente transgênicas, com uma frequência de transformação de pelo menos 10%; portanto, a triagem para seleção dos transformantes positivos foi mais vantajosa em um meio seletivo em comparação com um método clássico de imersão floral. Dentro de 2-3 meses, 200 plantas transgênicas individuais foram produzidas a partir de apenas 10 plantas infiltradas. Este estudo conclui que a aplicação de estresse hídrico em um estágio específico da planta é uma estratégia benéfica para alcançar a Arabidopsis transgênica em um curto período de tempo com alta eficiência de transformação.

Background Thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) joint arthroplasty is a common procedure in the surgical management of symptomatic thumb basal joint arthritis. Following trapeziectomy, a number of suspensionplasty techniques are often used, but limited comparative evidence exists between these techniques. The central aim of this study was to prospectively compare the outcomes of 2 suspensionplasty techniques following trapeziectomy: suture button (TightRope) versus ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition (LRTI). Methods Prospective data were collected on 112 consecutive patients with Eaton stage III-IV thumb CMC arthritis who underwent open trapeziectomy and suspensionplasty. There were 53 LRTI and 59 TightRope suspensionplasty procedures. Outcomes were measured using the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand ( QuickDASH) questionnaire, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain, radiographic analysis, and lateral pinch strength. Patient demographic data and complications were also recorded. Results Patients undergoing TightRope suspensionplasty had significantly higher trapeziometacarpal index and thus less subsidence than the LRTI group at 2 weeks (0.22 vs 0.17 [ P < .0001]) and 3 months (0.17 vs 0.15 [ P < .05]) postoperatively. TightRope suspensionplasty also had a significantly lower QuickDASH score at 2 weeks (64.7 vs 74.6 [ P < .05]), 3 months (20.7 vs 32.5 [ P < .05]), and 1 year postoperatively (7.57 vs 21.5 [ P < .05]) compared with the LRTI group. However, there was no difference in VAS pain, lateral pinch strength, reoperation, or complications at any time point between groups. Conclusions Thumb CMC joint arthroplasty performed with a TightRope suspensionplasty versus LRTI yielded short-term improved resistance to subsidence, long-term greater improvement in clinical outcome by QuickDASH, and no difference in pain or complication rates.

Germin-like proteins (GLPs) play an important role against various stresses. Vitis vinifera L. genome contains 7 GLPs; many of them are functionally unexplored. However, the computational analysis may provide important new insight into their function. Currently, physicochemical properties, subcellular localization, domain architectures, 3D structures, N-glycosylation & phosphorylation sites, and phylogeney of the VvGLPs were investigated using the latest computational tools. Their functions were predicted using the Search tool for the retrieval of interacting genes/proteins (STRING) and Blast2Go servers. Most of the VvGLPs were extracellular (43%) in nature but also showed periplasmic (29%), plasma membrane (14%), and mitochondrial- or chloroplast-specific (14%) expression. The functional analysis predicted unique enzymatic activities for these proteins including terpene synthase, isoprenoid synthase, lipoxygenase, phosphate permease, receptor kinase, and hydrolases generally mediated by Mn+ cation. VvGLPs showed similarity in the overall structure, shape, and position of the cupin domain. Functionally, VvGLPs control and regulate the production of secondary metabolites to cope with various stresses. Phylogenetically VvGLP1, -3, -4, -5, and VvGLP7 showed greater similarity due to duplication while VvGLP2 and VvGLP6 revealed a distant relationship. Promoter analysis revealed the presence of diverse cis-regulatory elements among which CAAT box, MYB, MYC, unnamed-4 were common to all of them. The analysis will help to utilize VvGLPs and their promoters in future food programs by developing resistant cultivars against various biotic (Erysiphe necator and in Powdery Mildew etc.) and abiotic (Salt, drought, heat, dehydration, etc.) stresses. Resumo As proteínas do tipo germin (GLPs) desempenham um papel importante contra vários estresses. O genoma de Vitis vinifera L. contém 7 GLPs; muitos deles são funcionalmente inexplorados. No entanto, a análise computacional pode fornecer informações importantes sobre sua função. Atualmente, as propriedades físico-químicas, localização subcelular, arquitetura de domínio, estruturas 3D, sítios de N-glicosilação e fosforilação e estudos filogenéticos dos VvGLPs foram conduzidos usando as ferramentas computacionais mais recentes. Suas funções foram previstas usando a ferramenta Search para recuperação de genes/proteínas em interação (STRING) e servidores Blast2Go. A maioria dos VvGLPs são extracelulares (43%) na natureza, mas também mostraram expressão periplasmática (29%), na membrana plasmática (14%) e específica para mitocôndrias ou cloroplastos (14%). A análise funcional previu atividades enzimáticas únicas para essas proteínas, incluindo terpeno sintase, isoprenoide sintase, lipoxigenase, fosfato permease, receptor quinase e hidrolases geralmente mediadas por cátion Mn +. VvGLPs mostraram similaridade na estrutura geral, forma e posição do domínio cupin. Funcionalmente, os VvGLPs controlam e regulam a produção de metabólitos secundários para lidar com vários estresses. Filogeneticamente, VvGLP1, -3, -4, -5 e VvGLP7 mostraram maior similaridade devido à duplicação, enquanto VvGLP2 e VvGLP6 revelaram uma relação distante. A análise do promotor revelou a presença de diversos elementos cis-reguladores, entre os quais CAAT box, MYB, MYC, sem nome-4, sendo comum a todos eles. A análise ajudará a utilizar VvGLPs e seus promotores em programas alimentares futuros, desenvolvendo cultivares resistentes contra vários estresses bióticos (Erysiphe necator e no oídio, etc.) e abióticos (sal, seca, calor, estresse hídrico, etc.).

Objective: To explore the impact on opioid prescribing patterns and trends after implementing a prescription drug monitoring program (PDMP) in Pennsylvania from 2016 to 2020.Design: A cross-sectional data analysis using deidentified data from Pennsylvania’s PDMP delivered by the Pennsylvania Department of Health was undertaken.Setting: Data were collected from the entire state of Pennsylvania, and statistics were run at Rothman Orthopedic Institute Foundation for Opioid Research & Education.Interventions: Evaluating the effect on opioid prescriptions after introduction of the PDMP.Main outcome measure: In 2016, nearly 2 million opioid prescriptions were given to patients across the state. However, by the end of the study period in 2020, there was a 38 percent decrease in opioid prescriptions written.Results: Beginning with Q3 2016, each subsequent quarter saw fewer opioids prescribed, decreasing on average by 3.4 ± 1.7 percent through Q1 2020. Specifically, over 700,000 fewer prescriptions were in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the third quarter in 2016. The opioids that were most frequently prescribed were oxycodone, hydrocodone, and morphine.Conclusion: While fewer prescriptions were being prescribed overall, the breakdown of drug type being prescribed remained similar in 2020 compared to 2016. Fentanyl and hydrocodone saw the largest decrease between 2016 and 2020.

Acute and chronic pain management remains an ongoing challenge for hand surgeons. This has been compounded by the ongoing opioid epidemic in the United States. With the increasing legalization of medical and recreational cannabis throughout the United States and other countries, previous societal stigmas about this substance keep evolving, and recognition of medical cannabis as an opioid-sparing pain management alternative is growing. A review of the current literature demonstrates a strong interest from patients regarding the use of medical cannabis for pain control. Current evidence demonstrates its efficacy and safety for chronic musculoskeletal and neuropathic pain. However, definitive conclusions regarding the efficacy of cannabis for pain control in hand and upper extremity conditions require continued investigation. The purpose of this article is to provide a general review of the mechanism of medical cannabis and a scoping review of the current evidence for its efficacy, safety, and potential applicability in hand and upper extremity conditions.

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat pengaruh supervisi akademik kepala sekolah dalam peningkatan mutu Pendidikan di SMA Terpadu Riyadlul Ulum, Tasikmalaya. Supervisi akademik merupakan tindakan yang dilakukan seseorang yang memiliki kualifikasi seperti kepala sekolah terhadap guru dalam bentuk pelayanan dan bantuan untuk meningkatkan dan mengembangkan kemampuan guru dengan cara melakukan bimbingan dimulai dari perencanaan pembelajaran, pelaksanaan kegiatan pembelajaran, mengevaluasi pembelajaran, sampai melakukan refleksi agar tercapai tujuan yang ditetapkan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Analisa yang digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan keadaan dari penelitian ini adalah dengan triangulasi data yaitu pendekatan Analisa data yang mensitesa data dari berbagai sumber. Melalui teknik observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Dari hasil dari penelitian ini diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa supervisi akademik kepala sekolah dalam peningkatan mutu Pendidikan menunjukkan telah terlaksana dengan baik. Dengan membuat program supervisi, perencananaan supervise, pelaksanaan supervise, evaluasi dan tindak lanjut hasil supervisi akademik kepala sekolah.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah penggunaan Modal Kerja Koperasi dapat meningkatkan Sisa Hasil Usaha pada Guru Sekolah Dasar KPRI Kecamatan Kubung Kabupaten Solok. Kegiatan usaha KPRI adalah simpan pinjam dan pertokoan. Dalam memenuhi kebutuhan modal kerja, koperasi dihadapkan pada beberapa kemungkinan alternatif sumber pembiayaan modal kerja yang harus dipilih, pilihan tersebut harus benar-benar menguntungkan koperasi. Apakah sumber pembiayaan menggunakan modal dari dalam koperasi itu sendiri atau harus menggunakan modal pinjaman. Dengan menggunakan modal kerja dalam kegiatan usahanya diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi kepada koperasi yaitu berupa pendapatan atau sisa pendapatan (SHU) yang akan digunakan sebagai dasar pelaksanaan kegiatan selanjutnya. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, penggunaan modal kerja secara efektif dan efisien dapat meningkatkan sisa hasil usaha (SHU). Diharapkan koperasi dalam memberikan pinjaman kepada anggota harus lebih selektif agar dana dapat dikembalikan sesuai kesepakatan. dan bagi peneliti selanjutnya diharapkan dapat menggunakan karakter variabel dan kondisi ekonomi.

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi karena adanya perubahan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi yang berkembang dengan pesat dan membawa banyak perubahan dalam berbagai aspek kehidupan. Pendidikan dewasa ini harus dapat beradaptasi dengan perubahan sesuai jamannya. Untuk itu diperlukan kehandalan Manajemen Kepala Sekolah dalam meningkatkan mutu Pendidikan. Maju mundurnya pendidikan disekolah sangat dipengaruhi oleh kemampuan kepala sekolah dalam memanage setiap komponen sekolah. Serta kemampuan kepala sekolah berkaitan dengan pemahaman dan pengetahuan terhadap manajemen dan tugas-tugas yang harus dilaksanakannya. Kepala sekolah perlu melakukan interaksi yang berkualitas dan dinamis dengan para guru, tenaga administrasi, dan peserta didik yang memainkan peran sangat penting terutama dalam penyesuaiaian berbagai aktivitas sekolah dengan tuntutan globalisasi, perubahan masyarakat, perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi. Pendekatan metode penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus, analisis yang digunakan peneliti adalah triangulasi data Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kepala sekolah telah melaksanakan manajemen sekilah secara professional, menjadi teladan, motivator, kepala sekolah telah menjalankan fungsi manajemen dengan baik, Kepala sekolah telah membuat terobosan baru dengan mengintegrasikan beberapa elemen kurukulum yaitu Komponen pesantren salaf, komponen pesantrean modern ala Pondok Pesantren Modern Gontor dan Kurikulum Nasional Departemen Pendidikan Dan kebudayaan. Hal ini dilakukan untuk meningkatkat mutu Pendidikan dan menjawab tantangan global.

Many people do not really understand how to live a healthy life, this can be seen from the way of life of people who still do not keep their environment clean, so there needs to be an activity to transfer knowledge to the community in order to live a healthy life. To increase knowledge about the importance of healthy living, counseling participants were given basic knowledge materials about: Behavior in relation to clean water, behavior in relation to sewage disposal, behavior in relation to waste, both solid and liquid waste, behavior in relation to a house that behaves in a clean and hygienic manner. healthy (ventilation, lighting, humidity, floors and so on), behavior related to cleaning mosquito nests. The method used is the lecture and question and answer method. Based on the results of the activities carried out, it turned out that in general there was a fairly good response, namely the enthusiasm of the counseling participants to ask further questions. It is also hoped that from this activity participants can also pass on the knowledge that has been obtained to other communities.

Background: The Swedish Occupational Fatigue Inventory (SOFI) is an instrument to assess a person’s fatigue, which is not limited to workers of a company, but can also be used for the general public. SOFI can determine fatigue from physical, cognitive and psychosocial conditions.1 This study aims to translate the instrument so that it can be used in Indonesia, then assess its validity and reliability.Methods: This study was conducted using a 10-step transcultural adaptation method from ISPOR followed by item validity and reliability tests on 224 workers at a geothermal company in Indonesia. Item-total correlation and Confirmatory Factor Analysis was performed using online version 0.14.3 of JASP statistic program. And for reliability test using SPSS tool.Results: Swedish Occupational Fatigue Inventory (SOFI) has been adapted into an Indonesian version through the ISPOR transcultural adaptation method. All items in the Indonesian version of SOFI which amounted to 20 items proved the validity and reliability of this questionnaire was very good (α-Cronbach 0.969) and the Confirmatory Factor Analysis test showed: Factor model (224, p < 0,001) = 337.649, CFI = 0,958, NFI = 0,924, RFI = 0,909, IFI = 0,958, TLI = 0,950, dan RMSEA = 0,070, 90% CI: 0,060 – 0,081. Fit indices results had acceptable model fits corresponding to the structure of the original instrument. Item-rest correlation range from 0.321 to 0.847, these results reveal that each item-rest correlation is extremely strong.Conclusion: The Indonesian version of SOFI is proven to have good validity and reliability as an instrument for assessing fatigue/work fatigue for workers in Indonesia.

The United States spends more on health care than any other country in the world based on the percentage of gross domestic product. This fact is coupled with health care facilities contributing nearly one-tenth of all greenhouse gas emissions in the United States, and with the health care industry's waste contributions to landfills being second only to those of the food industry. In some instances, operating rooms produce the majority of total landfill waste from hospitals; therefore, patients undergoing surgical procedures can have both financial and environmental impacts. Recently, the wide-awake, local anesthesia, no tourniquet technique in hand surgery has grown in popularity. This technique has reportedly allowed surgeons to decrease operating room costs, time, and waste, but without compromising patient safety or outcomes. This comprehensive literature review summarizes the current literature related to the economic and environmental impacts of the wide-awake, local anesthesia, no tourniquet technique in hand surgery.

Considering the immense potential of sustainable business models in tackling the broader challenge of corporate sustainability, this paper integrates the literature streams on sustainability practices and organizational business models to analyze the performance implications of a firm's sustainable value proposition. Based on the analysis of a large panel dataset across different industries, consistent with the proposed theory, a sustainable value proposition has been found to have a positive impact on a firm's market-based financial performance (namely, Tobin's Q). Yet, this impact turns out to be highly context-dependent. In particular, the findings reveal that a firm's R&D capabilities improve the positive effect of a sustainable value proposition on a firm's financial performance. At the same time, the marketing communication capabilities and sustainable practices regarding employee relations reduce the sustainable value proposition's financial performance effect, arguably due to the costs associated with marketing and the loss in employee interest during the process of adopting the sustainable business model elements. peerReviewed

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah pertama: Menganalisis pembelajaran daring dengan kemampuan pengetahuan teknologi (TK) guru Sekolah Dasar. Kedua: Menganalisis pembelajaran Daring dengan kemampuan pengetahuan pedagogik (PK) guru Sekolah Dasar. Ketiga: Menganalisis Pembelajaran Daring dengan kemampuan pengetahuan konten (CK) guru Sekolah Dasar. Penelitian dilaksanakan di SDN 006 Sangkulirang Kutai Timur, pengumpulan data dengan menetapkan informan penelitian ini adalah para guru yang memiliki kualifikasi guru yang menerapkan TPACK, dilakukan pula observasi secara langsung serta wawancara mendalam dan tinjauan dokumen sebagai data sekunder. Wawancara dengan menggunakan teknik wawancara terstruktur, dengan mempersiapkan pedoman wawancara, alat bantu wawancara dengan buku catatan, rekaman audio dan atau kamera smartphone. Teknik analisis data dengan model miles and Huberman, tiga tahapan analisis kegiatan, yaitu data condensation, data display dan conclusion / verifications. Hasil penelitian menemukan pada pengetahuan teknologi (TK) bahwa guru mampu dan baik dalam menggunakan teknologi untuk pembelajaran, sesuai kemampuan dan kondisi pembelajaran menggunakan WhatsApp, Zoom meeting atau google classroom guru mampu mendownload materi dari Internet atau website dan materi dari youtube dan kemudian guru mampu membagikan dan menshare ke peserta didik dengan menggunakan teknologi, guru sudah mengetahui manfaat dan keunggulan teknologi, guru dapat melakukan interaksi dengan peserta didik pada pembelajaran daring. Untuk kemampuan Pengetahuan Pedagogik (PK) guru sudah baik dan tepat, karena guru mampu merancang perangkat pembelajaran, guru mampu menggunakan media pembelajaran yang menarik, Guru menyesuaikan karakter dengan metode yang digunakan serta Guru melakukan evaluasi pembelajaran. Sedangkan pada kemampuan pengetahuan konten (CK) adalah sudah baik dan mampu, yakni guru memiliki kemampuan yang baik, guru mampu menyusun materi atau bahan ajar dan Guru menggunakan sumber belajar berbasis teknologi.