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The interplanetary mission, Venera-D, which is currently being planned, includes a lander. For a successful landing, it is necessary to estimate the frequency distributions of slopes of the Venusian surface at baselines that are comparable with the horizontal dimensions of lander (1–3 m). The available data on the topographic variations on Venus preclude estimates of the frequency of the short-wavelength slopes. In our study, we applied high-resolution digital terrain models (DTM) for specific areas in Iceland to estimate the slopes on Venus. The Iceland DTMs have 0.5 m spatial and 0.1 m vertical resolution. From the set of these DTMs, we have selected those that morphologically resemble typical landscapes on Venus such as tessera, shield, regional, lobate, and smooth plains. The mode of the frequency distribution of slopes on the model tessera terrain is within a 30°–40° range and a fraction of the surface has slopes

The paper addressed issues related to the description of the internal structure of metals and alloys in terms of microvoids nucleation and evolution, which are one of the varieties of damages. By classical molecular dynamics simulation we develop and numerically implement a mathematical model for the description of the interaction of edge dislocations and microvoids taking into account temperature and strain external fields changes. The studied material is binary system Fe–C with 0.8 % volumetric carbon content, which corresponds to high-carbon steel. The construction of the interatomic potential is carried out by the Embedded Atom Model. The methods of introducing edge dislocations and micropores into the molecular dynamics system are considered. A scenario is considered in which microvoids act as a sink of vacancy, and qualitative and quantitative estimations of the interaction of edge dislocations and microvoids are obtained.

The usage of satellite images in forest management is presented in the article. The interpretation of forest stands on the basis of satellite images is provided. The main purpose of this work is the building of conditions that would facilitate forest management. Studies carried out during the work on the material allow quick identifying the extent of damage and carrying out the necessary activities. During the research of the forest massif the Landsat satellites images were used. The result of the study was the combination of satellite images with the forest pathological journal of the enterprise, which allowed visual identifying the sites damaged by pests. Some materials from the log of forest fires were also used for visual interpretation of the forest massif damaged by fire. The results of the study can be used for reconnaissance overseeing the plantings, taking into account the biology of pests. Studies have shown that the use of remote sensing of the Earth in forestry significantly simplifies the work associated with the protection and defense of forests. It has been found that the use of free satellite imagery and software enables monitoring the planting state before and after the impact of certain negative factors, and to predict measures to combat the above-mentioned damage. The remote sensing of the Earth is proved to significantly improve the quality of the work on protection and defense of the forest. It has been revealed that when using satellite images, it is possible to monitor plantings of pests damaged, illnesses and fires, if such damage leads to defoliation and is clearly visible on a satellite image. It has been shown that it is necessary to know the biology of the pest itself to identify it on the ground and on a satellite image for monitoring pests forests. It has been found that the use of satellite images in forestry to monitor forest plantations for the damage of their pests, diseases and fires requires appropriate software, as well as a digital map of the forest massif. Thus, forest fires are clearly visible on a satellite image, which allows determining the area of ​​damage and facilitate the implementation of forestry work.

Background The actual problem for calculating a shape of free surface of the melt when analyzing the processes of wire-based electron-beam surfacing on the substrate, being introduced into additive manufacturing, is the development of adequate mathematical models of heat and mass transfer. The paper proposed a formulation of the problem of melt motion in the framework of the Lagrangian description. The mathematical statement includes the balance equations for mass, momentum and energy, and physical equations for describing heat and mass transfer. Methods The smoothed particle hydrodynamics method was used for numerical simulation of the process of wire-based electron-beam surfacing on the substrate made from same materials (titanium or steel). A finite-difference analog of the equations is given and the algorithm for solving the problem is implemented. To integrate the discretized equations Verlet method was utilized. Algorithms are implemented in the open software package LAMMPS. Results The numerical simulation results allow the estimation of non-stationary volume temperature distributions, melt flow velocities and pressures, and characteristics of process. Conclusion The possibility of applying the developed mathematical model to describe additive production is shown. The comparison of numerical calculations with experimental studies showed good agreement.

The effect of the chemical composition of solid fuel from municipal solid waste on its applicability to the cement industry is considered. The morphological components primarily responsible for undesirable chemical elements, the extraction of which will make it possible to obtain high quality fuel, were revealed by the analysis of the chemical and morphological composition of municipal solid waste.

We discuss a change in the resurfacing regimes of Venus and probable ways of forming the terrain types that make up the surface of the planet. The interpretation of the nature of the terrain types and their morphologic features allows us to characterize their scientific priority and the risk of landing on their surface to be estimated. From the scientific point of view, two terrain types are of special interest and represent easily achievable targets: the lower unit of regional plains and the smooth plains associated with impact craters. Regional plains are probably a melting from the upper fertile mantle. The material of smooth plains of impact origin is a well-mixed and representative sample of the Venusian crust. The lower unit of regional plains is the most widespread one on the surface of Venus, and it occurs within the boundaries of all of the precalculated approach trajectories of the lander. Smooth plains of impact origin are crossed by the approach trajectories precalculated for 2018 and 2026.

This work presents the study of the characteristic retention times on Carbosieve SIII adsorbent for several permanent gases CO2, CO, CH4, N2 with respect to the temperature of cooling of adsorption accumulators. To perform this work, a laboratory model of a gas chromatograph that included all key components of a standard instrument has been designed.

Attention focuses here on methods of coal processing that require minimal quantities of water and yield products that may be effectively used as commercial and secondary raw materials. In the heat treatment of coals associated with semicoking, the accompanying physicochemical transformation of the coal significantly affects its potential for further processing. In semicoking, the filtration system within the coal pieces changes. The initial coal sample contains phytopores of equivalent diameter d e up to 0.22 μm. More than 54% of these are pores smaller than 10 μm, mainly (65%) of slot and disk form. A small proportion (10%) of supercapillary cavities (d e > 0.1 μm) is also observed. After heat treatment, the content of small pores is sharply reduced to 10% (450°C semicoke) and 6.6% (550°C semicoke)–that is, almost sixfold–while the content of supercapillary cavities is increased approximately fourfold (in 550°C semicoke).

Results of the experiments on model impact vaporization of peridotite, a mineral analogue of stony asteroids, in a nitrogen–methane atmosphere are presented. Nd-glass laser (γ = 1.06 µm) was used for simulation. Pulse energy was ~600–700 J, pulse duration ~10–3 s, vaporization tempereature ~4000–5000 K. The gaseous medium (96% vol. of N2 and 4% vol. of CH4, P = 1 atm) was a possible analogue of early atmospheres of terrestrial planets and corresponded to the present-day atmosphere composition of Titan, a satellite of Saturn. By means of pyrolytic gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, it is shown that solid condensates obtained in laser experiments contain relatively complex lowand high-molecular weight (kerogen-like) organic compounds. The main products of condensate pyrolysis were benzene and alkyl benzenes (including long-chain ones), unbranched aliphatic hydrocarbons, and various nitrogen-containing compounds (aliphatic and aromatic nitriles and pyrrol). It is shown that the nitrogen–methane atmosphere favors the formation of complex organic compounds upon hypervelocity impacts with the participation of stony bodies even with a small methane content in it. In this process, falling bodies may not contain carbon, hydrogen, and other chemical elements necessary for the formation of the organic matter. In such conditions, a noticeable contribution to the impact-induced synthesis of complex organic substances is probably made by heterogeneous catalytic reactions, in particular, Fischer–Tropsch type reactions.

We discuss issues the process of layer-by-layer synthesis of metal products by wire surfacing. A mathematical model of the process has been developed and implemented. The model allows one to calculate the volumetric distributions of temperatures, melt flow rates, pressures, components of heat fluxes density, the shape and dimensions of the molten bath, the shape of the free surface of the molten metal, the shape and dimensions of the weld bead. For this purpose, the main physical processes that affect the formation of the metal product were considered, namely: melting and crystallization of the metal, surface tension, the Marangoni effect and the heat source features. The smoothed particle method was used to implement this model. A number of numerical experiments were carried out using the developed model. Firstly, the model parameters for steel and titanium were identified and verified. After that, calculations were carried out to verify the model itself using the obtained roller geometry. The numerical solution for the deposition of one layer was compared with the full-scale experiment. The error was no more than 5% in any direction. Thus, the efficiency and correctness of the constructed model is shown.

For various materials, rapid generation of results is always critical. Particle-size analysis of processing products using a laser-based particle-size analyzer is a valid alternative to the traditional sizing test. The article presents the results of studies conducted using Microsizer 201C equipment by the example of layered aluminosilicates and metal powders for additive manufacturing. The size analysis for these products is generally complicated by their ability to stick and agglomerate. Ultrasonic mixing does not harm the material analyzed and promotes uniform distribution of the sample during analysis. The results of granulometric analysis of kaolin ores obtained after different heat treatment are presented. The results of air-electric classification of metal powders obtained after vibration disintegration of metal chips are presented. The variety of raw materials shows a wide range of applications of this method in industry.

International audience; A novel approach to the synthesis of pH-sensitive prodrugs has been proposed: thiourea drug modification. Resulting prodrugs can release the cytotoxic agent and the biologically active 2-thiohydantoin in the acidic environment of tumor cells. The concept of acid-catalyzed cyclization of thioureas to 2-thiohydantoins has been proven using a FRET model. Dual prodrugs of model azidothymidine, cytotoxic doxorubicin, and 2-thiohydantoin albutoin were obtained, which release the corresponding drugs in the acidic environment. The resulting doxorubicin prodrug was tested on prostate cancer cells and showed that the thiourea-modified prodrug is less cytotoxic (average IC50 ranging from 0.5584 to 0.9885 μM) than doxorubicin (IC50 ranging from 0.01258 to 0.02559 μM) in neutral pH 7.6 and has similar toxicity (average IC50 ranging from 0.4970 to 0.7994 μM) to doxorubicin (IC50 ranging from 0.2303 to 0.8110 μM) under mildly acidic conditions of cancer cells. Cellular and nuclear accumulation in PC3 tumor cells of Dox prodrug is much higher than accumulation of free doxorubicin.

There is a long-felt need for a wider use of asymmetric vibration devices in technological processes of construction and road-building operations. The methodology of engineering and design of multi-stage asymmetric vibration devices is in the conceptual phase and requires additional analytical studies, design studies and industrial tests. Asymmetric vibration devices may consist of two or more stages of unbalanced directional vibrators, speeds of rotation of the drive shafts whereof are divisible. This article considers the effect of the interrelation of static moments of unbalance of a three-stage asymmetric vibration device on the system’s dynamic amplification factor. The article describes a method to determine the rational interrelation of static moments of unbalance using a three-stage asymmetric vibration device as an example. The article will be interesting to specialists in the sphere of production of vibrating production machines and equipment.

The paper describes the enterprises that produce or produced diesel internal combustion engines for agricultural, municipal and road construction vehicles in the Russian Federation. The main emphasis is made on engines with a capacity of up to 4400 cc and a power of up to 150 kW as the most demanded for the country. The main consumers of such combustion engines are presented. It is shown that one of the main drawbacks is the impossibility of manufacturing the component base of the required quality for the organization of production of diesel engines in Russia.

Herein we report on the synthesis, optimization of the synthetic procedure, functionalization, and characterization of cubic and spherical superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles. Spherical nanoparticles (16 ± 2 nm) were synthesized using oleylamine and oleic acid, and cubic (20 ± 2, 5 ± 0.5 nm) nanoparticles were synthesized with oleic acid and small amounts of oleylamine. Covalent modification of the nanoparticles was carried out using heterobifunctional PEG with aminopropyltriethoxysilane and N-hydroxysuccinimide ester moieties. This modification makes both water emulsion stability and further modification of the nanoparticles with cytotoxic drugs possible.

The paper discusses problems related to the description of metals and alloys internal structure. A mathematical model is developed and numerically implemented to find the minimum sizes of stable microvoids under external force and temperature influences. This model is imposed using the molecular dynamics method and embedded atom model (EAM) is used to construct the interatomic interaction potential. The proposed model allowed to find specific minimum sizes of stable microvoids for the binary atomic Fe-C system. Besides, we considered interaction between microvoid and grain boundary as a source of dislocations.

In preparation for the Russian Luna Resurs mission we combined our compact time of flight mass spectrometer (TOF MS) with a chemical pre separation of the species by gas chromatography (GC). Coupled measurements with both instruments were successfully performed with the prototype of the mass spectrometer and a flight like gas chromatograph. The system was tested with two test gas mixtures a mixture of hydrocarbons and a mixture of noble gases. Due to its capability to record mass spectra over the full mass range at once with high sensitivity and a dynamic range of up to 10(6) within 1 s the TOF MS system is a valuable extension of the GC analytical system. Based on the measurements with calibration gases performed with the combined GC MS prototype and under assumption of mean characteristics for the Moon's regolith the detection limit for volatile species in a soil sample is estimated to 2.10( 10) by mass for hydrocarbons and 2.10( 9) by mass for noble gases. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

During cleaning of high-ash coal mainly “wet” processes are used which require 5–10 tonnes water consumption per 1 tonne of coal. Arrangement of recycling water supply reduces demand in “fresh” water, but transportation of huge volumes of water slurry requires high-energy consumption. Dry cleaning of low-rank coal which has not been exposed to preliminary preparation is inefficient. It was suggested that to provide dry cleaning of high-ash coal it would be reasonable to expose it to chemical heat treatment first, and then to direct the treated coal mass for physical and mechanical cleaning to get the low-ash high-caloric product. It has been determined that in black coal exposed to medium temperature pyrolysis, as well as in brown coal, improvement of incombustible mineral fraction liberation is observed that facilitates further beneficiation with the use of a combination of high-intensity magnetic separation and triboelectrostatic separation. It has been determined that cleaned semicoke substantially exceeds both initial and cleaned coal by its qualities as a solid fuel, and tailings of semicoke dry cleaning can be utilised.

A new method of obtaining images with a resolution exceeding the diffraction limit of an optical microscope is proposed and experimentally implemented. The method is based on monitoring the pattern of free motion of microparticles over the sample surface and an analysis of the intensity of light scattered by these particles. In experiment, a threefold increase in the ultimate resolution of a microscope has been achieved.

We have synthesized and characterized a panel of new binuclear mixed valence Cu(I,II) complexes containing substituted 2-alkylthio-5-arylmethylene-4H-imidazolin-4-ones with unusual structure. These complexes are shown to be cytotoxic for various cell lines. We have found that these compounds did not intercalate DNA, inhibited number of polymerases (telomerase predominantly), accumulated in the cell nucleus, and caused DNA degradation. Preliminary studies revealed that lead compound inhibited human breast adenocarcinoma growth in mice model.

In this paper we investigate the effect of dienogest on endometrial morphology and function in patients with external genital endometriosis. It is shown that dienogest is effective in reducing pain in patients with external genital endometriosis and endometrial morphology and function improves, suppresses manifestations of inflammation in the lining of the uterus.

The new tridentate organic N2S-type ligand, (4Z)-1-(2-azidoethyl)-4-[(pyridin-2-yl)-methylidene]-2-thioxoimidazol-5(4H)-one (LH), was synthesized. The reaction of LH with copper(II) chloride in a CH2Cl2/MeOH mixture afforded the coordination compound of the composition L2Cu2Cl (3). The crystal structure of 3 was solved and refined from X-ray powder diffraction data. Complex 3 has a binuclear structure with a short interatomic Cu-Cu distance and one bridging chlorine atom, which is located almost symmetrically with respect to both metal atoms. The planar organic ligands are noncoplanar and are at an angle of 53.56(1)° to each other.

Magnetic nanomaterials show significant promise as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We have developed a new highly efficient one-step procedure for the synthesis of magnetically- functionalised hollow carbon nanofibres, where (i) the carbon nanofibres act as both a template and a support for the nucleation and growth of magnetite nanoparticles and (ii) the structural (size, dispersity and morphology) and functional (magnetisation and coercivity) properties of the magnetic nanoparticles formed on nanofibres are strictly controlled by the mass ratio of the magnetite precursor to the nanofibres and the solvent employed during synthesis. We have shown that our magnetite-nanofibre materials are effectively solubilised in water resulting in a stable suspension that has been employed as a ‘‘negative’’ MRI contrast agent with an excellent transverse relaxivity (r2) of (268 13) mM s 1, surpassing current commercial materials and state-of-the-art magnetic nanoscale platforms in performance for MRI contrast at high magnetic fields. The preparation and evaluation of this unique hybrid nanomaterial represents a critical step towards the realisation of a highly efficient ‘‘smart’’ MRI theranostic agent – a material that allows for the combined diagnosis (with MRI), treatment (with magnetic targeting) and follow-up of a disease (with MRI) – currently in high demand for various clinical applications, including stratified nanomedicine.

This article is the first part of the review devoted to the description of modern approaches to the construction of interatomic potentials based on the embedded atom method (EAM) for various one-component materials. We consider the general ideology of the molecular (atomic) dynamics method and outline the shortcomings of the approach to modeling atomic systems using the classical pair-interaction potentials. The basic ideas and relations of the embedded atom method are presented, as well as various modifications of the method, including MEAM. The algorithm for numerical implementation of EAM potentials in calculations of molecular dynamic systems is considered, as well as the ways to improve the efficiency of the computational algorithms, including those related to the introduction of the cut-off radius and the justification of its choice for various materials. The review focuses on the methods of construction and types of embedding functions for a variety of materials, as well as the physical and mechanical properties of materials, which are well described in some kind of potential. A brief review of the methods for obtaining potential parameters is given, e.g. by using the quantum mechanical calculations (often referred to as "first principles" or "ab initio") or using experimentally determined properties (diffraction, X-ray methods or electron microscopy), as well as a list of physical and mechanical properties that can be determined for a material using molecular dynamics methods with the application of modern potentials constructed by EAM. The authors have considered in detail the works which offer those potentials that (at present) most accurately describe the properties of such "difficult" (for forward modeling) materials, such as beryllium, iron, tungsten, niobium, titanium, uranium and others. The relevance of studying the structure and properties of these materials is largely due to the prospects of its application in materials for nuclear power engineering, aerospace industry, and biomedicine. Also, this review is devoted to the construction of EAM potentials capable for describing the structure and properties of a number of metals (lithium, nickel, copper, aluminum, etc.), which are considered both in the melt state and after crystallization.

Bioresorbable and biodegradable polymers have been heavily used for the treatment of various ocular diseases as well as in basic ophthalmology research. These polymers, owing to their biocompatibility and prolonged biodegradability, are suitable substances as ocular drug delivery vehicles and temporary devices or implants to support ocular tissue regeneration. Such polymers can be either synthetic or of natural origin, although only a handful of synthetic bioresorbable polymers are known to date. In this chapter, we describe the use of various such polymers in ophthalmic research with an emphasis on the clinical translation of discoveries. We also provide a brief overview on the current status of ocular application of bioresorbable polymers and future directions of research required to introduce better treatments for corneal blindness.

The paper discusses problems related to the description of grain boundary structure in polycrystalline materials. A mathematical model that describes intergranular boundary formation as a result of bidirectional crystallization is developed and numerically implemented using the molecular dynamics method. The EAM-type interatomic interaction potential is used as a defining relation. Apart from it, the problem of the initial configuration generation of the atomic system is solved which made it possible to ensure the equilibrium of solid and liquid phases. Heat removal from the boundaries of the simulated area is carried out. The obtained structure is analyzed using the central symmetry parameter, as well as by estimating the boundary energy in comparison with the crystalline part of the simulated region. It is shown that the developed model can be used for the simulation of special boundaries.

We studied the possibility of using viscumin lectin (MLI) for targeted delivery of antitumor drugs. Affinity of MLI for more than 600 oligosaccharide structures was determined and the glycosylation profiles of cell surface in various mouse tissues were analyzed. It was found that biodistribution of MLI was determined by not only expression of oligosaccharides specifically recognized by the lectin in tissue cells, but also by the structure of glycan in general.

The European Venus Explorer (EVE) mission was proposed to the European Space Agency in 2007, as an M-class mission under the Cosmic Vision Programme. Although it has not been chosen in the 2007 selection round for programmatic reasons, the EVE mission may serve as a useful reference point for future missions, so it is described here. It consists of one balloon platform floating at an altitude of 50-60 km, one descent probe provided by Russia, and an orbiter with a polar orbit which will relay data from the balloon and descent probe, and perform science observations. The balloon type preferred for scientific goals is one which oscillates in altitude through the cloud deck. To achieve this flight profile, the balloon envelope contains a phase change fluid, which results in a flight profile which oscillates in height. The nominal balloon lifetime is 7 days-enough for one full circumnavigation of the planet. The descent probe's fall through the atmosphere takes 60 min, followed by 30 min of operation on the surface. The key measurement objectives of EVE are: (1) in situ measurement from the balloon of noble gas abundances and stable isotope ratios, to study the record of the evolution of Venus; (2) in situ balloon-borne measurement of cloud particle and gas composition, and their spatial variation, to understand the complex cloud-level chemistry; (3) in situ measurements of environmental parameters and winds (from tracking of the balloon) for one rotation around the planet, to understand atmospheric dynamics and radiative balance in this crucial region. The portfolio of key measurements is complemented by the Russian descent probe, which enables the investigation of the deep atmosphere and surface. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008.

A series of 2-aminosubstituted (5Z)-3-phenyl-5-(pyridine-2-ylmethylene)-3,5-dihydro-4H-imidazole-4-ones (L) was prepared by the reaction of the corresponding 2-alkylthio-3,5-dihydro-4H-imidazole-4-ones with morpholine or piperidine in the presence of ytterbium(III) triflate. The resulting ligands were subsequently reacted with CuCl2·2H2O and CoCl2·6H2O to give the corresponding copper(II) and cobalt(II) complexes, respectively. Analysis revealed that the complexes were formed with an LMCl2 (M = Cu, Co)-type composition in all cases. The structures of the three cobalt complexes prepared in this way were determined by X-ray crystallography. The results revealed that the cobalt ions in these complexes were tetrahedrally coordinated to two chloride anions and two nitrogen atoms from the pyridine and imidazole moieties of the ligand. The electrochemical properties of the ligands and their complexes were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry, and the results revealed that the first stage in the reduction of the Co(II) and Cu(II) complexes involved the reversible formation of the corresponding Co(I) and Cu(I) complexes, respectively. The cytotoxicity activities of the organic ligands and their complexes were evaluated against several cancer cell lines, including MCF-7, A549 and HEK293 cells. The copper complexes of the organic ligands bearing a phenyl or allyl moiety at their N(3) position together with a piperidine substituent at the 2-position of their imidazolone ring exhibited the greatest cytotoxicity of all of the compounds tested in the current study. Keywords: Cobalt(II) complexes, Copper(II) complexes, 2-Aminoimidazole-4-ones, Cytotoxicity

A technology for the utilization of polymer and rubber wastes in mixtures with fuel shales is proposed. Adding the wastes to the fuel shales improves the properties of the products.

The influence of shale’s mineral composition on its thermochemical processing with asphalt is investigated. The liquid distillates obtained are analyzed.

In this note we show how Chebyshev’s other inequality can be applied to construct negatively associated random variables and to lead to a simplification of proofs for some known results on such random variables. In addition some improvements of basic properties of negatively associated random variables are provided.

The Article deals with the current state of Mari people folklore – songs, musical instruments and national choreography. The most popular national bands are presented

A near-infrared tunable diode laser spectrometer called TDLAS has been developed that combines telecommunication-type as well as new-generation antimonide laser diodes to measure C2H2, H2O, CO2 and their isotopologues in the near infrared. This sensor is devoted to the in situ analysis of the soil of the Martian satellite PHOBOS, within the framework of the Russian space mission PHOBOS-GRUNT. In the first part of the paper, we report accurate spectroscopic measurements of C2H2 and 13C12CH2 near 1.533 μm, of H2O and CO2 at 2.682 μm and of the isotopologues 13C16O2 and 16O12C18O near 2.041 μm and H2 17O, H2 18O and HDO near 2.642 μm. The achieved line strengths are thoroughly compared to data from molecular databases or from former experimental determinations. In the second part of the paper, we describe the TDLAS spectrometer for the PHOBOS-GRUNT mission.

During cleaning of high-ash coal mainly “wet” processes are used which require 5 to 10 tons water consumption per 1 ton of coal. Arrangement of recycling water supply reduces demand in “fresh” water, but transportation of huge volumes of water slurry requires high energy consumption. Dry cleaning of low rank coal which has not been exposed to preliminary preparation is inefficient. It was suggested that to provide dry cleaning of high-ash coal it would be reasonable to expose it to chemical heat treatment first, and then to direct the treated coal mass for physical and mechanical cleaning to get low-ash high-caloric product. It has been determined that in black coal exposed to medium temperature pyrolysis, as well as in brown coal, improvement of incombustible mineral fraction liberation is observed that facilitates further beneficiation with the use of combination of high intensity magnetic separation and triboelectrostatic separation. It has been determined that cleaned semicoke substantially exceeds both initial and cleaned coal by its qualities as a solid fuel, and tailings of semicoke dry cleaning can be utilised.

The main circuit design and constructive-topological SRAM cells Radiation-Hardening-By-Design (RHBD) methods applied in 250 … 90 nm bulk CMOS processes were analyzed. The test chip research results show that an increase of the 6T-memory cell area by 1.5 times can significantly improve the tolerance to all the radiation factors. The CMOS SRAM 4 Mbit, 16 Mbit chips and IP-blocks as part of ASIC were designed and implemented in 250 … 90 nm bulk CMOS processes using the considered RHBD methods.

Magnetite particles modified by polyethylene glycol with a molecular weight of 3 kDa and hydrodynamic diameter of ~60 nm were used. Plant lectin viscumin covalently immobilized on these nanoparticles retained its binding activity. Immunochemical characteristics of conjugated viscumin were evaluated using monoclonal antibodies. The resultant conjugate with a hydrodynamic diameter of 70 nm was used for studies of binding and internalization by target cells. Binding of viscumin and its conjugate was determined by receptors containing terminal galactose, while intracellular distribution varied. The model system presented in this study can be used for creation of drugs for target therapy.

To analyze the angiographic results of endovascular treatment for chronic coronary occlusions in patients with coronary heart disease.In 2009 to 2013 attempted endovascu-ar recanalization of chronic coronary occlusions in 854 patients with coronary heart disease. The patients' age ranged from3 6 to 68 years (mean 52 years). The estimated du-ation of occlusion was m1 onth to more than 3 years. There were 193 (22.6%) females and 661 (77.4%) males. 462 (54.1%) patients had a history of myocardial infarction. 738 (86.4%) and 116 (13.6%) patients had true (TIMI grade 0) and functional (TIMI grade i1 occlusions, respectively. Multi- and univascular lesions were found in 683 (79.9%) and 171 (20.1%) patients, respectively. Silent occlusions with preserved myocardial contractility were identified in 165 (19.3%) patients. RRESULTS:Blood flow could be successfully restored in 616 (72.1%) patients. Recanalization of chronic coronary occlusion failed in 238 (27.9%) patients. CCONCLUSION:Recanalization of chronic coronary occlusions is a highly effective and relatively safe technique. The efficiency of the procedure largely depends on the duration of occlusion, its X-ray morphological characteristics, and the experience of a physician.

Even after performed mammary artery bypass surgery, some patients continued to have clinical manifestations of angina pectoris. This may be associated with the development of coronary stealing syndrome due to the fact that the native intrathoracic artery has large lateral branches. Current methods for embolization of arteries of different diameters make it possible to accomplish this task reasonably safely and in full measure. This paper describes a clinical case of reembolization of the lateral branch of a mammary artery shunt with an intravascular coil.