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51. The Kascade-Grande experiment

Author

M. Brüggemann, M. Stümpert, J. Buren, T. Antoni, W.D. Apel, F. Badea, K. Bekk, A. Bercuci, M. Bertaina, H. Blümer, H. Bozdog, I.M. Brancus, P. Buchholz, C. Büttner, A. Chiavassa, K. Daumiller, F. Pierro, P. Doll, R. Engel, J. Engler, F. Fessler, P.L. Ghia, H.J. Gils, R. Glasstetter, A. Haungs, D. Heck, J.R. Hörandel, K.-H. Kampert, H.O. Klages, Y. Kolotaev, G. Maier, H.J. Mathes, H.J. Mayer, J. Milke, B. Mitrica, C. Morello, M. Müller, G. Navarra, R. Obenland, J. Oehlschläger, S. Ostapchenko, S. Over, M. Petcu, S. Plewnia, H. Rebel, A. Risse, M. Roth, H. Schieler, J. Scholz, T. Thouw, G. Toma, G.C. Trinchero, H. Ulrich, S. Valchierotti, W. Walkowiak, A. Weindl, J. Wochele, J. Zabierowski, S. Zagromski, and D. Zimmermann

Published
2006

52. Absolute Calibration of the Lopes Antenna System

Author

S. NEHLS, W. D. APEL, F. BADEA, L. BÄHREN, K. BEKK, A. BERCUCI, M. BERTAINA, P. L. BIERMANN, J. BLÜMER, H. BOZDOG, I. M. BRANCUS, M. BRÜGGEMANN, P. BUCHHOLZ, S. BUITINK, H. BUTCHER, A. CHIAVASSA, K. DAUMILLER, A. G. de BRUYN, C. M. de VOS, F. di PIERRO, P. DOLL, R. ENGEL, H. FALCKE, H. GEMMEKE, P. L. GHIA, R. GLASSTETTER, C. GRUPEN, A. HAKENJOS, A. HAUNGS, D. HECK, J. R. HÖRANDEL, A. HORNEFFER, T. HUEGE, K.-H. KAMPERT, G. W. KANT, U. KLEIN, Y. KOLOTAEV, Y. KOOPMAN, O. KRÖMER, J. KUIJPERS, S. LAFEBRE, G. MAIER, H. J. MATHES, H. J. MAYER, J. MILKE, B. MITRICA, C. MORELLO, G. NAVARRA, A. NIGL, R. OBENLAND, J. OEHLSCHLÄGER, S. OSTAPCHENKO, S. OVER, H. J. PEPPING, M. PETCU, J. PETROVIC, T. PIEROG, S. PLEWNIA, H. REBEL, A. RISSE, M. ROTH, H. SCHIELER, G. SCHOONDERBEEK, O. SIMA, M. STÜMPERT, G. TOMA, G. C. TRINCHERO, H. ULRICH, J. VAN BUREN, W. VAN CAPELLEN, W. WALKOWIAK, A. WEINDL, S. WIJNHOLDS, J. WOCHELE, J. ZABIEROWSKI, J. A. ZENSUS, and D. ZIMMERMANN

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, LOPES, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astronomy, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Pulse duration, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Amplification factor, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Optics, Earth's magnetic field, Electric field, Calibration, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, Antenna (radio), business
Abstract

Radio emission in extensive air showers arises from an interaction with the geomagnetic field and is subject of theoretical studies. This radio emission has advantages for the detection of high energy cosmic rays compared to secondary particle or fluorescence measurement methods. Radio antennas like the LOPES30 antenna system are suited to investigate this emission process by detecting the radio pulses. The characteristic observable parameters like electric field strength and pulse length require a calibration which was done with a reference radio source resulting in an amplification factor representing the system behavior in the environment of the KASCADE-Grande experiment. Knowing the amplification factor and the gain of the LOPES antennas LOPES30 is calibrated absolutely for systematic analyses of the radio emission., Comment: 5 pages, Proceedings of International Workshop on Acoustic and Radio EeV Neutrino detection Activities: ARENA, May 17-19, 2005, DESY Zeuthen

Published
2006

53. Radio detection of cosmic rays with LOPES

Author

A. HORNEFFER, W. D. APEL, F. BADEA, L. BÄHREN, K. BEKK, A. BERCUCI, M. BERTAINA, P. L. BIERMANN, J. BLÜMER, H. BOZDOG, I. M. BRANCUS, M. BRÜGGEMANN, P. BUCHHOLZ, S. BUITINK, H. BUTCHER, A. CHIAVASSA, K. DAUMILLER, A. G. DE BRUYN, C. M. DE VOS, F. DI PIERRO, P. DOLL, R. ENGEL, H. FALCKE, H. GEMMEKE, P. L. GHIA, R. GLASSTETTER, C. GRUPEN, A. HAUNGS, D. HECK, J. R. HÖRANDEL, T. HUEGE, K.-H. KAMPERT, G. W. KANT, U. KLEIN, Y. KOLOTAEV, Y. KOOPMAN, O. KRÖMER, J. KUIJPERS, S. LAFEBRE, G. MAIER, H. J. MATHES, H. J. MAYER, J. MILKE, B. MITRICA, C. MORELLO, G. NAVARRA, S. NEHLS, A. NIGL, R. OBENLAND, J. OEHLSCHLÄGER, S. OSTAPCHENKO, S. OVER, H. J. PEPPING, M. PETCU, J. PETROVIC, T. PIEROG, S. PLEWNIA, H. REBEL, A. RISSE, M. ROTH, H. SCHIELER, G. SCHOONDERBEEK, O. SIMA, M. STÜMPERT, G. TOMA, G. C. TRINCHERO, H. ULRICH, J. VAN BUREN, W. VAN CAPELLEN, W. WALKOWIAK, A. WEINDL, S. WIJNHOLDS, J. WOCHELE, J. ZABIEROWSKI, J. A. ZENSUS, and D. ZIMMERMANN

Published
2006

54. Search For Gamma-ray Bursts of Energy E-gamma-greater-than-or-equal-to-10-gev and E-gamma-greater-than-or-equal-to-100-tev In Correlation With Batse Events

Author

M. AGLIETTA, B. ALESSANDRO, P. ANTONIOLI, F. ARNEODO, L. BERGAMASCO, M. BERTAINA, A. C. FAUTH, A. CASTELLINA, C. CASTAGNOLI, A. CHIAVASSA, G. CINI, G. DISCIASCIO, W. FULGIONE, P. GALEOTTI, P. L. GHIA, G. MANNOCCHI, C. MELAGRANA, C. MORELLO, G. NAVARRA, L. RICCATI, O. SAAVEDRA, G. C. TRINCHERO, P. VALLANIA, S. VERNETTO, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, BENEDETTO, IACOVACCI, MICHELE, M., Aglietta, B., Alessandro, P., Antonioli, F., Arneodo, L., Bergamasco, M., Bertaina, A. C., Fauth, A., Castellina, C., Castagnoli, A., Chiavassa, G., Cini, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, G., Disciascio, W., Fulgione, P., Galeotti, P. L., Ghia, Iacovacci, Michele, G., Mannocchi, C., Melagrana, C., Morello, G., Navarra, L., Riccati, O., Saavedra, G. C., Trinchero, P., Vallania, and S., Vernetto

Subjects
High energy, EASTOP experiment, GRB search
Abstract

We present the results of a search for Gamma Ray Bursts at energies E(gamma) greater than or equal to 10 GeV and E(gamma) greater than or equal to 100 TeV made by the EAS-TOP Air Shower Array in correlation with similar to 50 events detected by BATSE in the last 3 years. This analysis gives an indication of the sensitivity of air shower arrays in the detection of GRBs at energies beyond the range seen by satellite experiments.

Published
1995

55. The KASCADE-Grande experiment and the LOPES project

Author

A.F. Badea, T. Antoni, W.D. Apel, K. Bekk, A. Bercuci, M. Bertaina, H. Blümer, H. Bozdog, I.M. Brancus, M. Brüggemann, P. Bucholz, A. Chiavassa, K. Daumiller, F. di Pierro, P. Doll, R. Engel, J. Engler, H. Falcke, F. Feßler, P.L. Ghia, H.J. Gils, R. Glasstetter, A. Haungs, D. Heck, J.R. Hörandel, A. Horneffer, T. Huege, K.-H. Kampert, G.W. Kant, H.O. Klages, Y. Kolotaev, G. Maier, H.J. Mathes, H.J. Mayer, J. Milke, C. Morello, M. Müller, G. Navarra, R. Obenland, J. Oehlschläger, S. Ostapchenko, M. Petcu, S. Plewnia, H. Rebel, A. Risse, M. Roth, H. Schieler, J. Scholz, M. Stümpert, T. Thouw, G. Toma, G.C. Trinchiero, H. Ulrich, S. Valchierotti, J. van Buren, C.M. de Vos, W. Walkowiak, A. Weindl, J. Wochele, J. Zabierowski, S. Zagromski, and D. Zimmermann

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Range (particle radiation), LOPES, Conjunction (astronomy), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Scintillator, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Air shower, KASCADE
Abstract

KASCADE-Grande is the extension of the multi-detector setup KASCADE to cover a primary cosmic ray energy range from 100 TeV to 1 EeV. The enlarged EAS experiment provides comprehensive observations of cosmic rays in the energy region around the knee. Grande is an array of 700 x 700 sqm equipped with 37 plastic scintillator stations sensitive to measure energy deposits and arrival times of air shower particles. LOPES is a small radio antenna array to operate in conjunction with KASCADE-Grande in order to calibrate the radio emission from cosmic ray air showers. Status and capabilities of the KASCADE-Grande experiment and the LOPES project are presented., Comment: To appear in Nuclear Physics B, Proceedings Supplements, as part of the volume for the CRIS 2004, Cosmic Ray International Seminar: GZK and Surroundings

Published
2004

56. Air shower radio detection with LOPES

Author

J Blümer, W D Apel, J C Arteaga, T Asch, J Auffenberg, F Badea, L Bähren, K Bekk, M Bertaina, P L Biermann, H Bozdog, I M Brancus, M Brüggemann, P Buchholz, S Buitink, H Butcher, A Chiavassa, F Cossavella, K Daumiller, V de Souza, F Di Pierro, P Doll, R Engel, H Falcke, H Gemmeke, P L Ghia, R Glasstetter, C Grupen, A Haungs, D Heck, J R Hörandel, A Horneffer, T Huege, P G Isar, K-H Kampert, D Kickelbick, Y Kolotaev, O Krömer, J Kuijpers, S Lafebre, P Luczak, H J Mathes, H J Mayer, C Meurer, J Milke, B Mitrica, C Morello, G Navarra, S Nehls, A Nigl, J Oehlschläger, S Ostapchenko, S Over, M Petcu, J Petrovic, T Pierog, S Plewnia, J Rautenberg, H Rebel, M Roth, A Saftoiu, H Schieler, O Sima, K Singh, M Stümpert, G Toma, G C Trinchero, H Ulrich, J van Buren, W Walkowiak, A Weindl, J Wochele, J Zabierowski, J A Zensus, and the LOPES Collaboration

Subjects
Physics, History, Data processing, LOPES, business.industry, Detector, Electrical engineering, Digital radio, Computer Science Applications, Education, Interferometry, Air shower, High bandwidth, business, Radio detection
Abstract

LOPES is an array of 30 radio antenna co-located with the KASCADE-Grande extensive air shower detector in Karlsruhe, Germany. It is designed as a digital radio interferometer for the detection of radio emission from extensive air showers. LOPES features high bandwidth and fast data processing. A unique asset is the concurrent operation with KASCADE-Grande. We report about the progress in understanding the radio signals measured by LOPES. In addition, the status and further perspectives of LOPES and the large scale application of this novel detection technique are sketched.

Published
2008

57. A Measurement of the Solar and Sidereal Cosmic-Ray Anisotropy at E 0 approximately 10 14 eV

Author

M. Aglietta, B. Alessandro, P. Antonioli, F. Arneodo, L. Bergamasco, M. Bertaina, A. Bosio, A. Castellina, C. Castagnoli, A. Chiavassa, G. Cini Castagnoli, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, G. di Sciascio, W. Fulgione, P. Galeotti, P. L. Ghia, M. Iacovacci, G. Mannocchi, C. Melagrana, N. Mengotti Silva, C. Morello, G. Navarra, L. Riccati, O. Saavedra, G. C. Trinchero, P. Vallania, S. Vernetto, and null EAS-Top Collaboration

Subjects
Physics, Space and Planetary Science, Sidereal time, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Anisotropy
Published
1996

58. Search for Large-scale Anisotropy in the Arrival Direction of Cosmic Rays with KASCADE-Grande.

Author

W. D. Apel, J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez, K. Bekk, M. Bertaina, J. Blümer, R. Bonino, H. Bozdog, I. M. Brancus, E. Cantoni, A. Chiavassa, F. Cossavella, K. Daumiller, V. de Souza, F. Di Pierro, P. Doll, R. Engel, D. Fuhrmann, A. Gherghel-Lascu, H. J. Gils, and R. Glasstetter

Subjects
COSMIC rays, CASCADE theory (Cosmic rays), COSMIC ray energy spectra, PARTICLE physics, ANISOTROPY
Abstract

We present the results of the search for large-scale anisotropies in the arrival directions of cosmic rays performed with the KASCADE-Grande experiment at energies higher than eV. To eliminate spurious anisotropies due to atmospheric or instrumental effects we apply the east–west method. We show, using the solar time distribution of the number of counts, that this technique allow us to remove correctly the count variations not associated to real anisotropies. By applying the east–west method we obtain the distribution of number of counts in intervals of 20 minutes of sidereal time. This distribution is then analyzed by searching for a dipole component; the significance of the amplitude of the first harmonic is 3.5σ, therefore, we derive its upper limit. The phase of the first harmonic is determined with an error of a few hours and is in agreement with the measurements obtained in the 1014 < E < 2 × 1015 eV energy range by the EAS-TOP, IceCube, and IceTop experiments. This supports the hypothesis of a change of the phase of the first harmonic at energies greater than ∼2 × 1014 eV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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59. Trigger developments for the fluorescence detector of EUSO-TA and EUSO-SPB2

Author

Matteo Battisti, Francesco Fenu, Kenji Shinozaki, Hiroko Miyamoto, Francesca Bisconti, M. Bertaina, Alexandar Belov, Marco Mignone, and Francesca Capel

Subjects
Physics, Millisecond, Pixel, business.industry, Detector, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, law.invention, Telescope, Microsecond, Upgrade, Optics, law, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
Abstract

The JEM-EUSO program aims at detecting Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) by observing the fluorescence light produced by extensive air showers (EAS) in the Earth's atmosphere. Within this program, a new generation of missions is being built, including (i) Mini-EUSO that will be installed on board the ISS in August 2019, (ii) an upgrade to the ground-based telescope EUSO-TA and (iii) the second super pressure balloon flight (EUSO-SPB2). All these detectors will have a dedicated trigger system based on a board equipped with a Xilinx Zynq device that will be able to detect different types of events on three different time-scales: a microsecond time-scale for cosmic ray detection (L1), a hundreds of microsecond time-scale for slower events like transient luminous events (TLEs) (L2), and a tens of millisecond time-scale used to produce a continuous monitoring, for even slower events like meteors or nuclearites. The L1 trigger logic for the upgrade of EUSO-TA and EUSO-SPB2 are being developed taking into account the peculiarity of each detector (optic system, FOV, frame length) starting from the logic already developed for Mini-EUSO. In particular, every pixel will have an independent threshold that will be dynamically adapted to the level of the background; a predetermined condition on the number, the position and the time distribution of pixels above threshold has to be satisfied in order to issue a trigger. This contribution will summarize the L1 trigger logics and the tests currently performed.

60. Primary Energy Reconstruction from the Charged Particle Densities Recorded with the KASCADE-Grande Detector at 500 m Distance from Shower Core

Author

G. Toma, W. D. Apel, J. C. Arteaga, K. Bekk, M. Bertaina, J. Blümer, H. Bozdog, I. M. Brancus, P. Buchholz, E. Cantoni, A. Chiavassa, F. Cossavella, K. Daumiller, V. de Souza, F. Di Pierro, P. Doll, R. Engel, J. Engler, M. Finger, D. Fuhrmann, P. L. Ghia, H. J. Gils, R. Glasstetter, C. Grupen, A. Haungs, D. Heck, J. R. Hörandel, T. Huege, P. G. Isar, K.-H. Kampert, D. Kang, D. Kickelbick, H. O. Klages, K. Link, P. Łuczak, M. Ludwig, H. J. Mathes, H. J. Mayer, M. Melissas, J. Milke, B. Mitrica, C. Morello, G. Navarra, S. Nehls, J. Oehlschläger, S. Ostapchenko, S. Over, N. Palmieri, M. Petcu, T. Pierog, H. Rebel, M. Roth, H. Schieler, F. Schröder, O. Sima, G. C. Trinchero, H. Ulrich, A. Weindl, J. Wochele, M. Wommer, J. Zabierowski, Livius Trache, Alexei Smirnov, and Sabin Stoica

Subjects
Core (optical fiber), Physics, Nuclear physics, Range (particle radiation), KASCADE, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Energy level, Cosmic ray, Zenith, Charged particle
Abstract

Previous EAS investigations have shown that for a fixed primary energy the charged particle density becomes independent of the primary mass at certain (fixed) distances from the shower core. This feature can be used as an estimator for the primary energy. We present results on the reconstruction of the primary energy spectrum of cosmic rays from the experimentally recorded S(500) observable (the density of charged particles at 500 m distance to the shower core) using the KASCADE‐Grande detector array. The KASCADE‐Grande experiment is hosted by the Karlsruhe Institute for Technology—Campus North, Karlsruhe, Germany, and operated by an international collaboration. The constant intensity cut (CIC) method is applied to evaluate the attenuation of the S(500) observable with the zenith angle and is corrected for. A calibration of S(500) values with the primary energy has been worked out by simulations and was applied to the data to obtain the primary energy spectrum (in the energy range log10[E0/GeV]∈[7.5,9]). ...

61. KLYPVE-EUSO: Science and UHECR observational capabilities

Author

Hiroyuki Sagawa, M. Bertaina, Marco Casolino, Piergiorgio Picozza, Masaki Fukushima, Pavel Klimov, A. Belov, Toshikazu Ebisuzaki, Kenji Shinozaki, and M. I. Panasyuk

Subjects
Physics, Acceleration, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Flux, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, Space (mathematics), Spectral line
Abstract

The study of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) offers unique possibilities to probe the energies currently inaccessible by man-made accelerators. The last years have shed light on several characteristics of these particles, but - due to their extremely low flux - their origin, nature and acceleration mechanisms are still unclear. K-EUSO will be the detector to perform measurement of the flux of UHECR from space, covering and comparing the spectra of both northern and southern hemispheres. In this work we will discuss the science capabilities of the detector.

62. Sensitivity to atypical tau initiated air showers for a high-altitude optical Cherenkov detector

Author

Francesco Fenu, Francesca Bisconti, Francesco Salamida, M. Bertaina, Roberto Aloisio, and Austin Cummings

Subjects
Physics, Cherenkov detector, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics beyond the Standard Model, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Standard Model, law.invention, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), law, Neutrino, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Energy (signal processing), Cherenkov radiation, Lepton
Abstract

The ANITA collaboration has recently announced the supposed observation of two upward going cosmic ray showers at earth emergence angles $27^{\circ}$ and $35^{\circ}$ with reconstructed energy $\sim$0.6~EeV. Upward air showers (UAS) are expected from tau leptons resulting from the interaction of astrophysical neutrinos inside the Earth. However, at emergence angles larger than $20^{\circ}$, the probability of tau emergence from a neutrino is less than $10^{-7}$, which makes a standard model explanation for these signals difficult. If confirmed by other experiments, these energetic events would strengthen the argument for physics beyond the standard model. Both the proposed EUSO-SPB2 and the POEMMA instruments will be equipped with optical Cherenkov detectors in order to measure the Cherenkov emission from UAS, which, if aimed low enough below the horizon, could, in principle, capture these events as well. An observation in the Cherenkov channel would help to rule out anthropogenic and other explanations for these events. We present here the sensitivity to the ANITA anamolous events for a balloon based and a satellite based Cherenkov detector, as could be realized in the upcoming EUSO-SPB2 mission and the proposed POEMMA mission, respectively., Comment: ICRC 2019 Proceedings Paper

63. Study of Markarian 421 in the γ-ray energy range 30-100 Tev

Author

P.L. Ghia, M. Aglietta, B. Alessandro, P. Antonioli, F. Arneodo, L. Bergamasco, M. Bertaina, C. Castagnoli, A. Castellina, A. Chiavassa, G.Cini Castagnoli, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, G. Di Sciascio, W. Fulgione, P. Galeotti, M. Iacovacci, G. Mannocchi, C. Morello, G. Navarra, O. Saavedra, G.C. Trinchero, P. Vallania, S. Vernetto, and C. Vigorito

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Range (particle radiation), Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Energy (signal processing)

64. Study of CR primaries and their cascades at Eo = 10 ÷ 100 TeV through EAS-TOP and MACRO

Author

M. Bertaina

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Muon, Photon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Spectral line, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Telescope, law, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Macro, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract

A measurement of the lateral distribution of Cherenkov light in Extensive Air Showers (EAS) at E o = 10 ÷ 100 TeV and a study of the compatibility of the photon number spectra with the expectations from the direct measurements of p and α spectra and the Corsika-QGSJET propagation code in the atmosphere have been performed at the National Gran Sasso Laboratories by the EAS-TOP and MACRO arrays. The telescope array of EAS-TOP has been used as the Cherenkov light detector. The muon tracking system of MACRO in the deep underground Gran Sasso Laboratories (Eμ > 1.3 TeV) served as the EAS detector, including core localization and arrival direction.

65. Space debris detection and tracking with the techniques of cosmic ray physics

Author

Y. Takizawa, Z. Plebaniak, P. Picozza, Guillaume Prévôt, F. Kajino, T. Napolitano, A. Cellino, G. Cotto, Lech Wiktor Piotrowski, Marco Mignone, Francesco Fenu, G. Osteria, A. Murashov, A. Poroshin, R. Bonino, Pavel Klimov, Matteo Battisti, J. Szabelski, Naoto Sakaki, S. Turriziani, G. Suino, Alexander S. Belov, Marco Casolino, Claudio Fornaro, M. Bertaina, F. Bisconti, G. Cambiè, E. Parizot, I. Churilo, Daniele Gardiol, Francesca Capel, S. Blin-Bondil, A. Franceschi, L. Marcelli, M. I. Panasyuk, W. Marszał, Maria Teresa Ricci, H. Miyamoto, Enzo Reali, A. Djakonow, M. Przybylak, M. Traïche, F. Cafagna, Toshikazu Ebisuzaki, Federico Fausti, P. Gorodetzky, Kenji Shinozaki, C. Fugelsang, Organisation de Micro-Électronique Générale Avancée (OMEGA), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), JEM-EUSO, École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
Physics, business.product_category, Spacecraft, Meteoroid, business.industry, Detector, FOS: Physical sciences, Tracking (particle physics), 7. Clean energy, law.invention, Telescope, Rocket, law, International Space Station, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Remote sensing, Space debris
Abstract

International audience; Space Debris (SD) consist of non-operational artificial objects orbiting around the Earth, which could possibly damage space vehicles, such as the International Space Station (ISS) or other manned spacecrafts. The vast majority of such objects are cm-sized, not catalogued and usually the tracking data are not precise enough. Here we present the feasibility study of SD detection and tracking with techniques usually employed in cosmic-ray physics. For this purpose, we have evaluated the possibility of using Mini-EUSO, a space-borne fluorescence telescope to be deployed on the ISS, to track SD illuminated by the Sun. By means of ESAF (EUSO Simulation and analysis Framework) simulation and by developing the trigger algorithms, we estimated the minimum size and maximum distances of detectable SD. We then studied the number of possible SD detections using an ESA software called MASTER (Meteoroid and SD Terrestrial Environment Reference). With the Mini-EUSO Engineering Model (Mini-EUSO EM), we performed some measurements to estimate the reflectance of the most common SD materials and to demonstrate the ability of Mini-EUSO to detect SD events. We also performed some tests in open-sky conditions, identifying and tracking fast-moving objects. In particular, the detection of a rocket body allowed us to confirm the simulation outcomes predictions and the expected performance of the detector.

66. A More Complete Phenomenology of Tau Lepton Induced Air Showers

Author

Austin Cummings, Francesca Bisconti, Francesco Fenu, M. Bertaina, Roberto Aloisio, and Francesco Salamida

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, Muon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Electron, Charged particle, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Decay length, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Phenomenology (particle physics), Cherenkov radiation, Lepton
Abstract

Many proposed and upcoming experiments seek to observe signals from upward going air showers initiated by tau leptons resulting from neutrino interactions inside the Earth. To save calculation time, event estimations for these observation methods are usually performed while making several assumptions about the showers themselves, which simplifies their rich phenomenology and may or may not lead to inaccuracies in results. Here, we present results of extensive CORSIKA simulations of upward going tau initiated showers in the energy range 1 PeV to 10 EeV. Specifically, we monitor the Cherenkov emission, the charged particle distributions, and the timing of the showers for different geometric configurations. We analyze the impact of the decay length and different decay modes of the tau on particle distributions and compare to primaries usually utilized to simulate a tau shower, such as gammas, electrons, and protons. We also check the accuracy of many of the usual assumptions of these showers and analyze the often ignored muon channel of the tau decay., ICRC 2019 Proceedings Paper

67. Preliminary analysis of EUSO—TA data.

Author

F Fenu, L W Piotrowski, H Shin, A Jung, S Bacholle, F Bisconti, F Capel, J Eser, Y Kawasaki, E Kuznetsov, O Larsson, S Mackovjak, H Miyamoto, Z Plebaniak, G Prevot, M Putis, K Shinozaki, J Adams, M Bertaina, and P Bobik

Published
2016
Full Text
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73. KCDC — The KASCADE Cosmic-ray Data Centre.

Author

A Haungs, J Blumer, B Fuchs, D Kang, S Schoo, D Wochele, J Wochele, W D Apel, J C Arteaga-Velázquez, K Bekk, M Bertaina, H Bozdog, I M Brancus, E Cantoni, A Chiavassa, F Cossavella, K Daumiller, V de Souza, F Di Pierro, and P Doll

Published
2015
Full Text
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74. EAS-TOP: The proton-air inelastic cross-section at

Author

L. Bergamasco, P. Galeotti, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, M. Iacovacci, E. Cantoni, M. E. Bertaina, G. Mannocchi, Gian Carlo Trinchero, Antonella Castellina, O. Saavedra, Piero Vallania, A. Chiavassa, F. Arneodo, Bruno Alessandro, G. Di Sciascio, Piera Luisa Ghia, C. Morello, A. Stamerra, G. Navarra, S. Vernetto, Carlo Vigorito, Pietro Antonioli, W. Fulgione, Marco Aglietta, M., Aglietta, B., Alessandro, P., Antonioli, F., Arneodo, L., Bergamasco, M., Bertaina, A., Castellina, E., Cantoni, A., Chiavassa, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, G., Di Sciascio, W., Fulgione, P., Galeotti, P. L., Ghia, Iacovacci, Michele, G., Mannocchi, C., Morello, G., Navarra, O., Saavedra, A., Stamerra, G. C., Trinchero, P., Vallania, S., Vernetto, and C., Vigorito

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Cross section (physics), Muon, Air shower, Proton, Attenuation length, Cosmic ray, Atomic physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Abstract

The proton-air inelastic cross section measurement at s ≈ 2 TeV from the EAS-TOP Extensive Air Shower experiment is reported. The technique exploits cosmic ray proton primaries, in the energy region E 0 = ( 1.5 ÷ 2.5 ) ⋅ 10 15 eV , studying the absorption length of their cascades when detected at maximum development. Primary energies are selected through the EAS muon number ( N e ), and proton originated cascades at maximum development by means of the shower size ( N e ). The shower and detector fluctuations are obtained with simulations performed using the CORSIKA code and the QGSJET II and SIBYLL interaction models. The simulations provide the conversion factor ( k = λ o b s / λ i n t ), from the observed absorption length ( λ o b s e x p ) to the interaction length ( λ p − air ). The obtained value of the p-air inelastic cross section at s ≈ 2 TeV is σ p − air i n e l = 338 ± 21 ( s t a t ) ± 19 ( s y s t ) − 28 ( s y s t ) mb . The relevant issue of systematic uncertainties have been studied. The connections with the pp ( p ¯ p ) total cross section measurements are discussed.

Published
2009

75. Performance and air-shower reconstruction techniques for the JEM-EUSO mission

Author

A. Guzmán, Andrea Santangelo, Klaus Bittermann, T. Mernik, G. Sáez Cano, D. Campana, M. Putis, Francesco Fenu, A. Gorgi, Fausto Guarino, Pavol Bobik, Simona Toscano, Gustavo Medina-Tanco, K. Higashide, M. E. Bertaina, Kenji Shinozaki, S. Biktemerova, Rodriguez Frias, Dmitry V. Naumov, M., Bertaina, S., Biktemerova, K., Bittermann, P., Bobik, D., Campana, F., Fenu, A., Gorgi, Guarino, Fausto, A., Guzm?n, K., Higashide, G., Medina Tanco, T., Mernik, D., Naumov, M., Puti, M. D., Rodr?guez Fr?a, G., S?ez Cano, A., Santangelo, K., Shinozaki, and S., Toscano

Subjects
Physics, Atmospheric Science, Aperture, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Aerospace Engineering, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Universe, Atmosphere, Geophysics, Air shower, Space and Planetary Science, Primary (astronomy), Physics::Space Physics, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Energy (signal processing), media_common, Remote sensing
Abstract

In this paper we describe the expected performance of JEM-EUSO. Designed as the first mission to explore the ultra-high energy universe from space, JEM-EUSO will monitor the Earth’s atmosphere at night to record the UV (300–430 nm) tracks generated by the extensive air showers produced by ultra-high energy primary particles developing in the atmosphere. Studies of the expected aperture, the estimated exposure, as well as on the methods to infer arrival direction, energy, and X max of primary particles are presented.

Published
2014

76. Depth of maximum of air-shower profiles at the Pierre Auger Observatory. I. Measurements at energies above 1017.8eV

Author

Aab, A., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Ahn, E. J., Al Samarai, I., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Allekotte, I., Allen, J., Allison, P., Almela, A., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez-Muniz, J., Alves Batista, R., Ambrosio, M., Aminaei, A., Anchordoqui, L., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Aranda, V. M., Arqueros, F., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Aublin, J., Ave, M., Avenier, M., Avila, G., Awal, N., Badescu, A. M., Barber, K. B., Bauml, J., Baus, C., Beatty, J. J., Becker, K. H., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Billoir, P., Blaess, S., Blanco, M., Bleve, C., Blumer, H., Bohacova, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Bonino, R., Borodai, N., Brack, J., Brancus, I., Bridgeman, A., Brogueira, P., Brown, W. C., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, B., Caccianiga, L., Candusso, M., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cester, R., Chavez, A. G., Chiavassa, A., Chinellato, J. A., Chudoba, J., Cilmo, M., Clay, R. W., Cocciolo, G., Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Collica, L., Coluccia, M. R., Conceicao, R., Contreras, F., Cooper, M. J., Cordier, A., Coutu, S., Covault, C. E., Cronin, J., Curutiu, A., Dallier, R., Daniel, B., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., De Almeida, R. M., De Domenico, M., De Jong, S. J., De Mello Neto, J. R. T., De Mitri, I., De Oliveira, J., De Souza, V., Del Peral, L., Deligny, O., Dembinski, H., Dhital, N., Di Giulio, C., Di Matteo, A., Diaz, J. C., Diaz Castro, M. L., Diogo, F., Dobrigkeit, C., Docters, W., D'Olivo, J. C., Dorofeev, A., Dorosti Hasankiadeh, Q., Dova, M. T., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Erfani, M., Escobar, C. O., Espadanal, J., Etchegoyen, A., Facal San Luis, P., Falcke, H., Fang, K., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Ferguson, A. P., Fernandes, M., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filevich, A., Filipcic, A., Fox, B. D., Fratu, O., Frohlich, U., Fuchs, B., Fujii, T., Gaior, R., Garcia, B., Garcia Roca, S. T., Garcia-Gamez, D., Garcia-Pinto, D., Garilli, G., Gascon Bravo, A., Gate, F., Gemmeke, H., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Giller, M., Glaser, C., Glass, H., Gomez Berisso, M., Gomez Vitale, P. F., Goncalves, P., Gonzalez, J. G., Gonzalez, N., Gookin, B., Gordon, J., Gorgi, A., Gorham, P., Gouffon, P., Grebe, S., Griffith, N., Grillo, A. F., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harrison, T. A., Hartmann, S., Harton, J. L., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Heimann, P., Herve, A. E., Hill, G. C., Hojvat, C., Hollon, N., Holt, E., Homola, P., Horandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovsky, M., Huber, D., Huege, T., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Jandt, I., Jansen, S., Jarne, C., Josebachuili, M., Kaapa, A., Kambeitz, O., Kampert, K. H., Kasper, P., Katkov, I., Kegl, B., Keilhauer, B., Keivani, A., Kemp, E., Kieckhafer, R. M., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Krause, R., Krohm, N., Kromer, O., Kruppke-Hansen, D., Kuempel, D., Kunka, N., Lahurd, D., Latronico, L., Lauer, R., Lauscher, M., Lautridou, P., Le Coz, S., Leao, M. S. A. B., Lebrun, D., Lebrun, P., Leigui De Oliveira, M. A., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Link, K., Lopez, R., Lopez Aguera, A., Louedec, K., Lozano Bahilo, J., Lu, L., Lucero, A., Ludwig, M., Malacari, M., Maldera, S., Mallamaci, M., Maller, J., Mandat, D., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A. G., Marin, V., Maris, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martin, L., Martinez, H., Martinez Bravo, O., Martraire, D., Masias Meza, J. J., Mathes, H. J., Mathys, S., Matthews, J., Matthews, J. A. J., Matthiae, G., Maurel, D., Maurizio, D., Mayotte, E., Mazur, P. O., Medina, C., Medina-Tanco, G., Meissner, R., Melissas, M., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Messina, S., Meyhandan, R., Micanovic, S., Micheletti, M. I., Middendorf, L., Minaya, I. A., Miramonti, L., Mitrica, B., Molina-Bueno, L., Mollerach, S., Monasor, M., Monnier Ragaigne, D., Montanet, F., Morello, C., Mostafa, M., Moura, C. A., Muller, M. A., Muller, G., Muller, S., Munchmeyer, M., Mussa, R., Navarra, G., Navas, S., Necesal, P., Nellen, L., Nelles, A., Neuser, J., Nguyen, P., Niechciol, M., Niemietz, L., Niggemann, T., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nozka, L., Ochilo, L., Olinto, A., Oliveira, M., Pacheco, N., Pakk Selmi-Dei, D., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Palmieri, N., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Paul, T., Pech, M., Pcopyrightkala, J., Pelayo, R., Pepe, I. M., Perrone, L., Petermann, E., Peters, C., Petrera, S., Petrov, Y., Phuntsok, J., Piegaia, R., Pierog, T., Pieroni, P., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Plum, M., Porcelli, A., Porowski, C., Prado, R. R., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Purrello, V., Quel, E. J., Querchfeld, S., Quinn, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravel, O., Ravignani, D., Revenu, B., Ridky, J., Riggi, S., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rizi, V., Rodrigues De Carvalho, W., Rodriguez Cabo, I., Rodriguez Fernandez, G., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Rodriguez-Frias, M. D., Rogozin, D., Ros, G., Rosado, J., Rossler, T., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Saffi, S. J., Saftoiu, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Saleh, A., Salesa Greus, F., Salina, G., Sanchez, F., Sanchez-Lucas, P., Santo, C. E., Santos, E., Santos, E. M., Sarazin, F., Sarkar, B., Sarmento, R., Sato, R., Scharf, N., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schiffer, P., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovanek, P., Schulz, A., Schulz, J., Schumacher, J., Sciutto, S. J., Segreto, A., Settimo, M., Shadkam, A., Shellard, R. C., Sidelnik, I., Sigl, G., Sima, O., ͆mialkowski, A., Smida, R., Snow, G. R., Sommers, P., Sorokin, J., Squartini, R., Srivastava, Y. N., Stanic, S., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, J., Stephan, M., Stutz, A., Suarez, F., Suomijarvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Sutherland, M. S., Swain, J., Szadkowski, Z., Szuba, M., Taborda, O. A., Tapia, A., Tartare, M., Tepe, A., Theodoro, V. M., Timmermans, C., Todero Peixoto, C. J., Toma, G., Tomankova, L., Tome, B., Tonachini, A., Torralba Elipe, G., Torres Machado, D., Travnicek, P., Trovato, E., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Valdes Galicia, J. F., Valino, I., Valore, L., Van Aar, G., Van Bodegom, P., Van Den Berg, A. M., Van Velzen, S., Van Vliet, A., Varela, E., Vargas Cardenas, B., Varner, G., Vazquez, J. R., Vazquez, R. A., Veberic, D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Videla, M., Villasenor, L., Vlcek, B., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Wainberg, O., Walz, D., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weidenhaupt, K., Weindl, A., Werner, F., Widom, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczynska, B., Wilczynski, H., Will, M., Williams, C., Winchen, T., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Wykes, S., Yamamoto, T., Yapici, T., Yuan, G., Yushkov, A., Zamorano, B., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zaw, I., Zepeda, A., Zhou, J., Zhu, Y., Zimbres Silva, M., Ziolkowski, M., Zuccarello, F., De Domenico, Manlio, A., Aab, P., Abreu, M., Aglietta, E., Ahn, I. A., Samarai, I., Albuquerque, I., Allekotte, J., Allen, P., Allison, A. k., Almela, J. A., Castillo, J., Alvarez Muñiz, R. A., Batista, M., Ambrosio, A., Aminaei, L., Anchordoqui, S., Andringa, C., Aramo, V., Aranda, F., Arquero, H., Asorey, P., Assi, J., Aublin, M., Ave, M., Avenier, G., Avila, N., Awal, A., Badescu, K., Barber, J., Bäuml, C., Bau, J., Beatty, K., Becker, J., Bellido, C., Berat, M., Bertaina, X., Bertou, P., Biermann, P., Billoir, S., Blae, M., Blanco, Bleve, Carla, H. a., Blümer, M., Boháčová, D., Boncioli, C., Bonifazi, R., Bonino, N., Borodai, J., Brack, I., Brancu, A., Bridgeman, P., Brogueira, W., Brown, P., Buchholz, A., Bueno, S., Buitink, M., Buscemi, K., Caballero Mora, B., Caccianiga, L., Caccianiga, M., Candusso, L., Caramete, R., Caruso, A., Castellina, G., Cataldi, L., Cazon, R., Cester, A., Chavez, A., Chiavassa, J., Chinellato, J., Chudoba, M., Cilmo, R., Clay, Cocciolo, Giuseppe, R., Colalillo, A., Coleman, L., Collica, Coluccia, MARIA RITA, R., Conceição, F., Contrera, M., Cooper, A., Cordier, S., Coutu, C., Covault, J., Cronin, A., Curutiu, R. a., Dallier, B., Daniel, S. a., Dasso, K., Daumiller, B., Dawson, R. D., Almeida, M. D., Domenico, S. b., De, J. D., Mello, DE MITRI, Ivan, J. D., Oliveira, V. D., Souza, L. D., Peral, O., Deligny, H., Dembinski, N., Dhital, C. D., Giulio, A. D., Matteo, J., Diaz, M. D., Castro, F., Diogo, C., Dobrigkeit, W., Docter, J., D'Olivo, A., Dorofeev, Q. D., Hasankiadeh, M., Dova, J., Ebr, R., Engel, M., Erdmann, M., Erfani, C. a., Escobar, J., Espadanal, A. k., Etchegoyen, P. F., San, H. b., Bj, K., Fang, G., Farrar, A., Fauth, N., Fazzini, A., Ferguson, M., Fernande, B., Fick, J., Figueira, A., Filevich, A. b., Filipčič, B., Fox, O., Fratu, U., Fröhlich, B., Fuch, T., Fujii, R., Gaior, B., García, S. G., Roca, D., Garcia Gamez, D., Garcia Pinto, G., Garilli, A. G., Bravo, F., Gate, H., Gemmeke, P., Ghia, U., Giaccari, M., Giammarchi, M., Giller, C., Glaser, H., Gla, M. G., Berisso, P. G., Vitale, P., Gonçalve, J., Gonzalez, N., González, B., Gookin, J., Gordon, A., Gorgi, P., Gorham, P., Gouffon, S. b., Grebe, N., Griffith, A., Grillo, T., Grubb, F., Guarino, G., Guede, M., Hampel, P., Hansen, D., Harari, T., Harrison, S., Hartmann, J., Harton, A., Haung, T., Hebbeker, D., Heck, P., Heimann, A., Herve, G., Hill, C., Hojvat, N., Hollon, E., Holt, P., Homola, J. b., Hörandel, P., Horvath, M. b., Hrabovský, D., Huber, T., Huege, A., Insolia, P., Isar, I., Jandt, S. b., Jansen, C., Jarne, M., Josebachuili, A., Kääpä, O., Kambeitz, K., Kampert, P., Kasper, I., Katkov, B., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, A., Keivani, E., Kemp, R., Kieckhafer, H., Klage, M., Kleifge, J., Kleinfeller, R., Krause, N., Krohm, O., Krömer, D., Kruppke Hansen, D., Kuempel, N., Kunka, D., Lahurd, L., Latronico, R., Lauer, M., Lauscher, P., Lautridou, S. L., Coz, M., Leão, D., Lebrun, P., Lebrun, M. L., De, A., Letessier Selvon, I., Lhenry Yvon, K., Link, R., López, A. L., Agüera, K., Louedec, J. L., Bahilo, L. b., Lu, A., Lucero, M., Ludwig, M., Malacari, S., Maldera, M., Mallamaci, J., Maller, D., Mandat, P., Mantsch, A., Mariazzi, V., Marin, I., Mariş, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, L. a., Martin, H., Martinez, O. M., Bravo, D., Martraire, J. M., Meza, H., Mathe, S., Mathy, J., Matthew, G., Matthiae, D., Maurel, D., Maurizio, E., Mayotte, P., Mazur, C., Medina, G., Medina Tanco, R., Meissner, M., Melissa, D., Melo, A., Menshikov, S., Messina, R., Meyhandan, S., Mićanović, M., Micheletti, L., Middendorf, I., Minaya, L., Miramonti, B., Mitrica, L., Molina Bueno, S., Mollerach, M., Monasor, D. M., Ragaigne, F., Montanet, C., Morello, M., Mostafá, C., Moura, M. c., Muller, G., Müller, S., Müller, M., Münchmeyer, R., Mussa, G., Navarra, S., Nava, P., Necesal, L., Nellen, A. b., Nelle, J., Neuser, P., Nguyen, M., Niechciol, L., Niemietz, T., Niggemann, D., Nitz, D., Nosek, V., Novotny, L., Nožka, L., Ochilo, A., Olinto, M., Oliveira, N., Pacheco, D. P., Selmi Dei, M., Palatka, J., Pallotta, N., Palmieri, P., Papenbreer, G., Parente, A., Parra, T. c., Paul, M., Pech, J., P©kala, R., Pelayo, I., Pepe, Perrone, Lorenzo, E., Petermann, C., Peter, S. c., Petrera, Y., Petrov, J., Phuntsok, R., Piegaia, T., Pierog, P., Pieroni, M., Pimenta, V., Pirronello, M., Platino, M., Plum, A., Porcelli, C., Porowski, R., Prado, P., Privitera, M., Prouza, V., Purrello, E., Quel, S., Querchfeld, S., Quinn, J., Rautenberg, O., Ravel, D., Ravignani, B., Revenu, J., Ridky, S. c., Riggi, M., Risse, P., Ristori, V., Rizi, W. R., De, I. R., Cabo, G. a., Rodriguez, J. R., Rojo, M., Rodríguez Fría, D., Rogozin, G., Ro, J., Rosado, T., Rossler, M., Roth, E., Roulet, A., Rovero, S., Saffi, A., Saftoiu, F., Salamida, H., Salazar, A., Saleh, F. S., Greu, G., Salina, F., Sánchez, P., Sanchez Luca, C., Santo, E., Santo, F., Sarazin, B., Sarkar, R., Sarmento, R., Sato, N., Scharf, Scherini, Viviana, H., Schieler, P., Schiffer, D., Schmidt, O., Scholten, H. b., Bm, P., Schovánek, A., Schulz, J., Schulz, J., Schumacher, S., Sciutto, A., Segreto, M., Settimo, A., Shadkam, R., Shellard, I., Sidelnik, G., Sigl, O., Sima, A., ͆miałkowski, R., Šmída, G., Snow, P., Sommer, J., Sorokin, R., Squartini, Y., Srivastava, S., Stanič, J., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, M., Stephan, A., Stutz, F., Suarez, T., Suomijärvi, A., Supanitsky, M., Sutherland, J., Swain, Z., Szadkowski, M., Szuba, O., Taborda, A., Tapia, M., Tartare, A., Tepe, V., Theodoro, C. b., Timmerman, C. T., Peixoto, G., Toma, L., Tomankova, B., Tomé, A., Tonachini, G. T., Elipe, D. T., Machado, P., Travnicek, E., Trovato, M., Tuero, R., Ulrich, M., Unger, M., Urban, J. V., Galicia, I., Valiño, L., Valore, G. V., Aar, P. V., Bodegom, A. V., Den, S. V., Velzen, A. V., Vliet, E., Varela, B. V., Cárdena, G., Varner, J., Vázquez, R., Vázquez, D., Veberič, V., Verzi, J., Vicha, M., Videla, L., Villaseñor, B., Vlcek, S., Vorobiov, H., Wahlberg, O. k., Wainberg, D., Walz, A., Watson, M., Weber, K., Weidenhaupt, A., Weindl, F., Werner, A., Widom, L., Wiencke, B., Wilczyńska, H., Wilczyński, M., Will, C., William, T., Winchen, D., Wittkowski, B., Wundheiler, S., Wyke, T., Yamamoto, T., Yapici, G., Yuan, A., Yushkov, B., Zamorano, E., Za, D. b., Zavrtanik, M. b., Zavrtanik, I., Zaw, A., Zepeda, J., Zhou, Y., Zhu, M. Z., Silva, M., Ziolkowski, and F., Zuccarello

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, mass composition, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, High-Energy Cosmic ray
Abstract

We report a study of the distributions of the depth of maximum, Xmax, of extensive air-shower profiles with energies above 1017.8eV as observed with the fluorescence telescopes of the Pierre Auger Observatory. The analysis method for selecting a data sample with minimal sampling bias is described in detail as well as the experimental cross-checks and systematic uncertainties. Furthermore, we discuss the detector acceptance and the resolution of the Xmax measurement and provide parametrizations thereof as a function of energy. The energy dependence of the mean and standard deviation of the Xmax distributions are compared to air-shower simulations for different nuclear primaries and interpreted in terms of the mean and variance of the logarithmic mass distribution at the top of the atmosphere.

Published
2014

77. Study of the cosmic ray primary spectrum at 1015 < E0 < 1016 eV with the EAS-TOP array

Author

Antonella Castellina, C. Morello, Marco Aglietta, G. Cini Castagnoli, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, A. Chiavassa, Bruno Alessandro, O. Saavedra, Carlotta Castagnoli, P. L. Ghia, L. Bergamasco, M. Iacovacci, A. Lima de Godoi, G. Mannocchi, W. Fulgione, P. Galeotti, Carlo Vigorito, Gian Carlo Trinchero, M. E. Bertaina, S. Valchierotti, Piero Vallania, F. Arneodo, G. Di Sciascio, Pietro Antonioli, G. Navarra, S. Vernetto, M., Aglietta, B., Alessandro, P., Antonioli, F., Arneodo, L., Bergamasco, M., Bertaina, C., Castagnoli, A., Castellina, A., Chiavassa, G. C., Castagnoli, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, G. D., Sciascio, W., Fulgione, P., Galeotti, P. L., Ghia, Iacovacci, Michele, A. L., De, G., Mannocchi, C., Morello, G., Navarra, O., Saavedra, G. C., Trinchero, S., Valchierotti, P., Vallania, S., Vernetto, and C., Vigorito

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Range (particle radiation), Primary energy, Primary (astronomy), Cosmic ray, Electron, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Power law, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

The break observed in the electron shower size power law spectrum of Extensive Air Showers (EAS) at corresponding primary energy E-0 similar to (3 - 5)10(15) eV ("knee") is studied in different EAS components (electromagnetic and muonic) and at different atmospheric depths. A consistent description is obtained. The interpretation of data in terms of primary composition, and following the most accepted high energy interaction models, leads to an increasing average primary mass in this energy range. The study of such behaviour is expected to provide a crucial information for the understanding of the physical parameters that characterize the break for the different primaries.

Published
2000

78. The EAS size spectrum and the cosmic ray energy spectrum in the region 1015–1016 eV

Author

M. E. Bertaina, P. L. Ghia, Bruno Alessandro, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, O. Saavedra, Piero Vallania, F. Arneodo, C. Morello, L. Bergamasco, A. Chiavassa, Antonella Castellina, G. Navarra, M. Iacovacci, P. Galeotti, Gian Carlo Trinchero, Marco Aglietta, W. Fulgione, Pietro Antonioli, S. Vernetto, G. Cini Castagnoli, Carlo Vigorito, Carlotta Castagnoli, G. Mannocchi, G. Di Sciascio, M., Aglietta, B., Alessandro, P., Antonioli, E., Arneodo, L., Bergamasco, M., Bertaina, C., Castagnoli, A., Castellina, A., Chiavassa, G. C., Castagnoli, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, G. D., Sciascio, W., Fulgione, P., Galeotti, P. L., Ghia, Iacovacci, Michele, G., Mannocchi, C., Morello, G., Navarra, O., Saavedra, G. C., Trinchero, P., Vallania, S., Vernetto, and C., Vigorito

Subjects
Physics, Astrophysics and Astronomy, Range (particle radiation), KNEE REGION, Attenuation, Extrapolation, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Power law, Charged particle, Bin, Zenith
Abstract

The cosmic ray energy spectrum in the range E-o = 10(15)-10(16) eV (including the region of the steepening, "knee") is studied by means of the EAS-TOP array (Campo Imperatore, Gran Sasso Laboratories, atmospheric depth 820 g cm(-2)). Measurements of the electromagnetic size (N-e = total number of charged particles at the observation level) are performed as a function of zenith angle with statistical accuracies of a few percent. The change of slope of the spectrum is observed in each bin of zenith angle at size values decreasing with increasing atmospheric depth. Its attenuation is compatible with the one of shower particles (Lambda(e) = 219 +/- 3 g cm(-2)). This observation provides a consistency check, supporting a normal behaviour of showers at the break, that make plausible astrophysical interpretations based on an effect on primaries occurring at a given primary energy. The break has a "sharp" shape (i.e., within experimental errors is compatible with two intersecting power laws) that represents a constraint with which any interpretation has to match. The change of slope of the power law index reproducing the size spectrum is Delta gamma = 0.40 +/- 0.09. The derived all particle energy spectrum is in good agreement with the extrapolation of the direct measurements at low energies and with other EAS data at and above the knee. Power laws fits to the energy spectrum below and above the knee give tin units of m(-2) s(-1) sr(-1) TeV-1) S(E-o) = (3.48 +/- 0.06) x 10(-10) (E-o/2300)(-2.76+/-0.03) for 900 TeV < E-o < 2300 TeV and S(E-o) = (3.77 +/- 0.08) x 10(-11) (E-o/5000)(-3.19+/-0.06) for 5000 TeV < E-o < 10(4) TeV. The systematic uncertainties connected to the interaction model and the primary composition are discussed. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V.

Published
1999

79. Study of the c.r. composition and interaction at E0 = 10 – 100 TeV from the observation of H.E. muons and atmospheric Cherenkov light in EAS

Author

F. Gomez Serito, L. Pinsky, G.T. Zatsepin, A. Turtelli, A. De Silva, P. V. Korchaguin, B. Alessandro, R. Nania, A. Contin, A. Megna, L. G. Dos Santos, G. Badino, F. Cindolo, J.A. Chinellato, C. Morello, N. Inoue, M. Selvi, G.C. Trinchero, K. Lau, F. Arneodo, E.D. Alyea, V.S. Berezinsky, A. Chiavassa, A. Bosco, V.P. Talochkin, V. G. Ryasny, P. Dominici, R. Granella, F. F. Khalchukov, M. Basile, Antonella Castellina, E. S. Hafen, V. A. Kudryavtsev, R. Bertoni, G. Sartorelli, R. I. Enikeev, I. Yamamoto, P. Vallania, J. Moromisato, G. Cara Romeo, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, R. Weinstein, P. Picchi, G. Cini Castagnoli, G. Bari, G. Vigorito, F. Grianti, E. von Goeler, A. Zichichi, L. Emaldi, A. Pesci, I.A. Pless, O. Saavedra, G. Navarra, N. Mengotti Silva, S. Vernetto, P. Giusti, G. Mannocchi, J. Pyrlik, L. Periale, V. L. Dadykin, V. B. Korchaguin, T. Wada, O.G. Ryazhskaya, N. Taborgna, G. Bonoli, G. Conforto, M. E. Bertaina, J. Tang, L. Panaro, M. Luvisetto, Marco Aglietta, F. Bersani, M. Widgoff, R. Mantovani, S. Santini, B. Alpat, G. Guidi, P. b. Ghia, V.F. Yakushev, E. Kemp, Giuseppe Iacobucci, I. Uman, F. Vetrano, M. Deutsch, G. Maccarone, W. Fulgione, C. Castagnoli, F. L. Fabbri, K. Saitoh, A. S. Malguin, C. Ghetti, S. Tsuji, L. Votano, G. Van Buren, E. V. Korolkova, P. Haridas, Pietro Antonioli, Luisa Cifarelli, M. Iacovacci, G. Di Sciascio, T. Massam, G. Bruni, L. Bergamasco, P. Galeotti, B. Mayes, M., Aglietta, B., Alessandro, B., Alpat, E. D., Alyea, P., Antonioli, F., Arneodo, G., Badino, G., Bari, M., Basile, V. S., Berezinsky, L., Bergamasco, F., Bersani, M., Bertaina, R., Bertoni, G., Bonoli, A., Bosco, G., Bruni, G. C., Romeo, C., Castagnoli, A., Castellina, A., Chiavassa, G. C., Castagnoli, J. A., Chinellato, L., Cifarelli, F., Cindolo, G., Conforto, A., Contin, V. L., Dadykin, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, A. D., Silva, M., Deutsch, G. D., Sciascio, P., Dominici, L. G., Do, L., Emaldi, R. I., Enikeev, F. L., Fabbri, W., Fulgione, P., Galeotti, C., Ghetti, P., Ghia, P., Giusti, F. G., Serito, R., Granella, F., Grianti, G., Guidi, E. S., Hafen, P., Harida, G., Iacobucci, Iacovacci, Michele, N., Inoue, E., Kemp, F. F., Khalchukov, E. V., Korolkova, P. V., Korchaguin, V. B., Korchaguin, V. A., Kudryavtsev, K., Lau, M., Luvisetto, G., Maccarone, A. S., Malguin, G., Mannocchi, R., Mantovani, T., Massam, B., Maye, A., Megna, N. M., Silva, C., Morello, J., Moromisato, R., Nania, G., Navarra, L., Panaro, L., Periale, A., Pesci, P., Picchi, L., Pinsky, I. A., Ple, J., Pyrlik, V. G., Ryasny, O. G., Ryazhskaya, O., Saavedra, K., Saitoh, S., Santini, G., Sartorelli, M., Selvi, N., Taborgna, V. P., Talochkin, J., Tang, G. C., Trinchero, S., Tsuji, A., Turtelli, I., Uman, P., Vallania, G. V., Buren, S., Vernetto, F., Vetrano, C., Vigorito, E. v., Goeler, L., Votano, T., Wada, R., Weinstein, M., Widgoff, V. F., Yakushev, I., Yamamoto, G. T., Zatsepin, and A., Zichichi

Subjects
Nuclear reaction, Physics, GRAN SASSO, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Range (particle radiation), Particle physics, Muon, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Cosmic ray, Threshold energy, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nucleon, DETECTOR, Cherenkov radiation, Lepton
Abstract

In the energy region 10 - 100 TeV both the c.r. composition from direct measurements and the cross section for high energy secondary production in the very forward region for p-air interactions are rather uncertain. Contemporaneous measurements of the total energy and of the threshold energy/nucleon of the primary particle can be provided by the atmospheric Cherenkov light and high energy muons. These measurements are performed by the combined operation of the Cherenkov array of the EAS-TOP experiment on the surface (810 gcm(2) atmospheric depth) and of the LVD experiment in the underground Gran Sasso Laboratories (3300 m w.e.; E-mu(th) = 1.3 TeV) leading to the measurement of < N-mu > (E-mu > 1.3 TeV, E-o) in the given energy range. The combined operation of the experiments and preliminary results are reported.

Published
1999

80. The cosmic ray proton,helium and CNO fluxes in the 100 TeV energy region from TeV muons and EAS atmospheric Cherenkov light observations of MACRO and EAS-TOP

Author

G. Giannini, F. Maaroufi, Ioannis Katsavounidis, G. C. Barbarino, G. Mandrioli, N. Giglietto, G. Mancarella, J. Reynoldson, Eugenio Scapparone, M. De Vincenzi, L. Perrone, Teresa Montaruli, Gregory Tarle, L. R. Sulak, G. Battistoni, M. Cozzi, L. Patrizii, G. Cini, Hyun-Chul Kim, A. A. Grillo, V. Popa, Pietro Antonioli, F.J. Ronga, M. Ambrosio, Mario Sitta, C. Gustavino, F. Arneodo, H. Dekhissi, R. Nolty, S. Cecchini, Carlo Vigorito, A. Chiavassa, S. L. Mufson, M. Spinetti, C. Favuzzi, Donato Nicolo, M. Iacovacci, I. De Mitri, M. Vakili, R. Antolini, M. Giorgini, M. J. Longo, B. C. Choudhary, C. Satriano, G. de Cataldo, G. Navarra, C. R. Bower, R.M. Heinz, R. Caruso, E. Katsavounidis, F. Guarino, Kate Scholberg, Giuseppe Osteria, A. Marzari-Chiesa, D. Martello, E. Kearns, S. Petrera, P. Fusco, Marco Monteno, J. L. Stone, C. De Marzo, S. Valchierotti, O. Saavedra, J. Derkaoui, A. Stamerra, Vincenzo Patera, M. E. Bertaina, L. Bergamasco, C. Forti, P. Spinelli, Andrea Carlo Marini, Kael Hanson, Marco Aglietta, C. Orth, F. Loparco, R. Pazzi, Severino Angelo Maria Bussino, J. A. Musser, A. Sciubba, Np Longley, G. Giacomelli, M. Brigida, A. Baldini, P. Galeotti, C. E. Lane, O. Erriquez, Maurizio Spurio, O. Palamara, B. C. Barish, S. Vernetto, P. L. Ghia, D. Campana, C. W. Peck, G. Sirri, E. Lamanna, Tommaso Chiarusi, Alec Habig, M. Grassi, D. G. Michael, M. Carboni, A. Rainò, C. Morello, C. Bemporad, W. Fulgione, F. Cafagna, R. Steinberg, M. N. Mazziotta, Maximiliano Sioli, Yvonne Becherini, Fabrizio Cei, G. Mannocchi, A. Di Credico, S. Kyriazopoulou, P. Vallania, V. Togo, Bruno Alessandro, Roberto Bellotti, D. Levin, A. Surdo, R. C. Webb, P. Bernardini, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, Antonella Castellina, Annarita Margiotta, Carlotta Castagnoli, M. Calicchio, Halina Bilokon, V. Chiarella, P. Monacelli, S. Coutu, G. C. Trinchero, E. Iarocci, G. Di Sciascio, Paolo Lipari, C. W. Walter, Aglietta M., Alessandro B., Antonioli P., Arneodo F., Bergamasco L., Bertaina M., Castagnoli C., Castellina A., Chiavassa A., Cini G., D'Ettorre Piazzoli B., di Sciascio G., Fulgione W., Galeotti P., Ghia P. L., Iacovacci M., Mannocchi G., Morello C., Navarra G., Saavedra O., Stamerra A., Trinchero G. C., Valchierotti S., Vallania P., Vernetto S., Vigorito C., Ambrosio M., Antolini R., Baldini A., Barbarino G. C., Barish B. C., Battistoni G., Becherini Y., Bellotti R., Bemporad C., Bernardini P., Bilokon H., Bower C., Brigida M., Bussino S., Cafagna F., Calicchio M., Campana D., Carboni M., Caruso R., Cecchini S., Cei F., Chiarella V., Chiarusi T., Choudhary B. C., Coutu S., Cozzi M., de Cataldo G., Dekhissi H., de Marzo C., de Mitri I., Derkaoui J., de Vincenzi M., di Credico A., Erriquez O., Favuzzi C., Forti C., Fusco P., Giacomelli G., Giannini G., Giglietto N., Giorgini M., Grassi M., Grillo A., Guarino F., Gustavino C., Habig A., Hanson K., Heinz R., Iarocci E., Katsavounidis E., Katsavounidis I., Kearns E., Kim H., Kyriazopoulou S., Lamanna E., Lane C., Levin D. S., Lipari P., Longley N. P., Longo M. J., Loparco F., Maaroufi F., Mancarella G., Mandrioli G., Margiotta A., Marini A., Martello D., Marzari-Chiesa A., Mazziotta M. N., Michael D. G., Monacelli P., Montaruli T., Monteno M., Mufson S., Musser J., Nicolò D., Nolty R., Orth C., Osteria G., Palamara O., Patera V., Patrizii L., Pazzi R., Peck C. W., Perrone L., Petrera S., Popa V., Rainò A., Reynoldson J., Ronga F., Satriano C., Scapparone E., Scholberg K., Sciubba A., Sioli M., Sirri G., Sitta M., Spinelli P., Spinetti M., Spurio M., Steinberg R., Stone J. L., Sulak L. R., Surdo A., Tarlé G., Togo V., Vakili M., Walter C. W., Webb R., M., Aglietta, B., Alessandro, P., Antonioli, F., Arneodo, L., Bergamasco, M., Bertaina, C., Castagnoli, A., Castellina, A., Chiavassa, G., Cini, B., D'Ettorre Piazzoli, G., Di Sciascio, W., Fulgione, P., Galeotti, P. L., Ghia, M., Iacovacci, G., Mannocchi, C., Morello, G., Navarra, O., Saavedra, A., Stamerra, G. C., Trinchero, S., Valchierotti, P., Vallania, S., Vernetto, C., Vigorito, M., Ambrosio, R., Antolini, A., Baldini, G. C., Barbarino, B. C., Barish, G., Battistoni, Y., Becherini, R., Bellotti, C., Bemporad, Bernardini, Paolo, H., Bilokon, C., Bower, M., Brigida, S., Bussino, F., Cafagna, M., Calicchio, D., Campana, M., Carboni, R., Caruso, S., Cecchini, F., Cei, V., Chiarella, T., Chiarusi, B. C., Choudhary, S., Coutu, M., Cozzi, G., De Cataldo, H., Dekhissi, C., De Marzo, DE MITRI, Ivan, J., Derkaoui, M., De Vincenzi, A., Di Credico, O., Erriquez, C., Favuzzi, C., Forti, P., Fusco, G., Giacomelli, G., Giannini, N., Giglietto, M., Giorgini, M., Grassi, A., Grillo, F., Guarino, C., Gustavino, A., Habig, K., Hanson, R., Heinz, E., Iarocci, E., Katsavounidi, I., Katsavounidi, E., Kearn, H., Kim, S., Kyriazopoulou, E., Lamanna, C., Lane, D. S., Levin, P., Lipari, N. P., Longley, M. J., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Maaroufi, Mancarella, Giovanni, G., Mandrioli, A., Margiotta, A., Marini, Martello, Daniele, A., Marzari Chiesa, M. N., Mazziotta, D. G., Michael, P., Monacelli, T., Montaruli, M., Monteno, S., Mufson, J., Musser, D., Nicolo', R., Nolty, C., Orth, G., Osteria, O., Palamara, V., Patera, L., Patrizii, R., Pazzi, C. W., Peck, Perrone, Lorenzo, S., Petrera, V., Popa, A., Raino', J., Reynoldson, F., Ronga, C., Satriano, E., Scapparone, K., Scholberg, A., Sciubba, M., Sioli, G., Sirri, M., Sitta, P., Spinelli, M., Spinetti, M., Spurio, R., Steinberg, J. L., Stone, L. R., Sulak, A., Surdo, G., Tarle', V., Togo, M., Vakili, C. W., Walter, R., Webb, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, Iacovacci, Michele, Aglietta, M, Alessandro, B, Antonioli, P, Arneodo, F, Bergamasco, L, Bertaina, M, Castagnoli, C, Castellina, A, Chiavassa, A, Cini, G, Piazzoli, Bd, Di Sciascio, G, Fulgione, W, Galeotti, P, Ghia, Pl, Iacovacci, M, Mannocchi, G, Morello, C, Navarra, G, Saavedra, O, Stamerra, A, Trinchero, Gc, Valchierotti, S, Vallania, P, Vernetto, S, Vigorito, C, Ambrosio, M, Antolini, R, Baldini, A, Barbarino, Gc, Barish, Bc, Battistoni, G, Becherini, Y, Bellotti, R, Bemporad, C, Bernardini, P, Bilokon, H, Bower, C, Brigida, M, Bussino, Severino Angelo Maria, Cafagna, F, Calicchio, M, Campana, D, Carboni, M, Caruso, R, Cecchini, S, Cei, F, Chiarella, V, Chiarusi, T, Choudhary, Bc, Coutu, S, Cozzi, M, De Cataldo, G, Dekhissi, H, De Marzo, C, De Mitri, I, Derkaoui, J, De Vincenzi, M, Di Credico, A, Erriquez, O, Favuzzi, C, Forti, C, Fusco, P, Giacomelli, G, Giannini, G, Giglietto, N, Giorgini, M, Grassi, M, Grillo, A, Guarino, F, Gustavino, C, Habig, A, Hanson, K, Heinz, R, Iarocci, E, Katsavounidis, E, Katsavounidis, I, Kearns, E, Kim, H, Kyriazopoulou, S, Lamanna, E, Lane, C, Levin, D, Lipari, P, Longley, Np, Longo, Mj, Loparco, F, Maaroufi, F, Mancarella, G, Mandrioli, G, Margiotta, A, Marini, A, Martello, D, Marzari Chiesa, A, Mazziotta, Mn, Michael, Dg, Monacelli, P, Montaruli, T, Monteno, M, Mufson, S, Musser, J, Nicolo, D, Nolty, R, Orth, C, Osteria, G, Palamara, O, Patera, V, Patrizii, L, Pazzi, R, Peck, Cw, Perrone, L, Petrera, S, Popa, V, Raino, A, Reynoldson, J, Ronga, F, Satriano, C, Scapparone, E, Scholberg, K, Sciubba, A, Sioli, M, Sirri, G, Sitta, M, Spinelli, P, Spinetti, M, Spurio, M, Steinberg, R, Stone, Jl, Sulak, Lr, Surdo, A, Tarle, G, Togo, V, Vakili, M, Walter, Cw, Webb, R., Guarino, Fausto, Barbarino, Giancarlo, Macro, and EAS TOP, Collaborations

Subjects
Proton, EAS-TOP, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Hadron, chemistry.chemical_element, Cosmic ray, MACRO, Nuclear physics, Raggi cosmici, cosmic rays, Cosmic rays, composition, high energies, extensive air showers, underground muons, Cherenkov radiation, Helium, Astroparticle physics, Physics, Muon, Cherenkov detectors, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Sciami estesi, chemistry, Muoni sotterranei, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nucleon, Composizione
Abstract

The primary cosmic ray (CR) proton, helium and CNO fluxes in the energy range 80-300 TeV are studied at the National Gran Sasso Laboratories by means of EAS-TOP (Campo Imperatore, 2005 m a.s.l.) and MACRO (deep underground, 3100 m w.e., the surface energy threshold for a muon reaching the detector being E-mu(th) approximate to 1.3 TeV). The measurement is based on: (a) the selection of primaries based on their energy/nucleon (i.e., with energy/nucleon sufficient to produce a muon with energy larger than 1.3 TeV) and the reconstruction of the shower geometry by means of the muons recorded by MACRO in the deep underground laboratories; (b) the detection of the associated atmospheric Cherenkov light (C.l.) signals by means of the C.l. detector of EAS-TOP. The C.l. density at core distance r > 100 m is directly related to the total primary energy E-0. Proton and helium ("p + He") and proton, helium and CNO ("p + He + CNO") primaries are thus selected at E-0 approximate to 80 TeV, and at E-0 similar or equal to 250 TeV, respectively. Their flux is measured: J(p+He)(80 TeV) = (1.8 +/- 0.4) x 10(-6) m(-1)-s(-1) sr(-1) TeV-1, and J(p+He+CNO)(250 TeV) = (1.1 +/- 0.3) x 10(-7) m(-2)-s(-1) sr(-1) TeV-1, their relative weights being J(p+He)(J(p+He+CNO)) over bar (250 TeV) = 0.78 +/- 0.17. By using the measurements of the proton spectrum obtained from the direct experiments and hadron flux data in the atmosphere, we obtain for the relative weights of the three components at 250 TeV: J(p) : J(He) : J(CNO) = (0.20 +/- 0.08) : (0.58 +/- 0.19) : (0.22 +/- 0.17). This corresponds to the dominance of helium over proton primaries at 100-1000 TeV, and a possible non-negligible contribution from CNO. The lateral distribution of Cherenkov light in Extensive Air Showers (EASs), which is related to the rate of energy deposit of the primary in the atmosphere, is measured for a selected proton and helium primary beam, and good agreement is found when compared with the one calculated with the CORSIKA/QGSJET simulation model. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2004

81. The primary cosmic ray composition between 10**15 and 10**16 eV from Extensive Air Showers electromagnetic and TeV muon data

Author

Aglietta M., Alessandro B., Antonioli P., Arneodo F., Bergamasco L., Bertaina M., Castagnoli C., Castellina A., Chiavassa A., Cini G., D'Ettorre Piazzoli B., di Sciascio G., Fulgione W., Galeotti P., Ghia P. L., Iacovacci M., Mannocchi G., Morello C., Navarra G., Saavedra O., Stamerra A., Trinchero G. C., Valchierotti S., Vallania P., Vernetto S., Vigorito C., Ambrosio M., Antolini R., Baldini A., Barbarino G. C., Barish B. C., Battistoni G., Bellotti R., Bemporad C., Bernardini P., Bilokon H., Bower C., Brigida M., Bussino S., Cafagna F., Calicchio M., Campana D., Carboni M., Caruso R., Cecchini S., Cei F., Chiarella V., Choudhary B. C., Coutu S., de Cataldo G., Dekhissi H., de Marzo C., de Mitri I., Derkaoui J., de Vincenzi M., di Credico A., Erriquez O., Favuzzi C., Forti C., Fusco P., Giannini G., Giglietto N., Grassi M., Grillo A., Guarino F., Gustavino C., Habig A., Hanson K., Heinz R., Iarocci E., Katsavounidis E., Katsavounidis I., Kearns E., Kim H., Kyriazopoulou S., Lamanna E., Lane C., Levin D. S., Lipari P., Longley N. P., Longo M. J., Loparco F., Maaroufi F., Mancarella G., Mandrioli G., Marini A., Martello D., Marzari Chiesa A., Mazziotta M. N., Michael D. G., Monacelli P., Montaruli T., Monteno M., Mufson S., Musser J., Nicolò D., Nolty R., Orth C., Osteria G., Palamara O., Patera V., Patrizii L., Pazzi R., Peck C. W., Perrone L., Petrera S., Popa V., Rainò A., Reynoldson J., Ronga F., Satriano C., Scapparone E., Scholberg K., Sciubba A., Sitta M., Spinelli P., Spinetti M., Steinberg R., Stone J. L., Sulak L. R., Surdo A., Tarlé G., Togo V., Vakili M., Walter C. W., Webb R., BECHERINI, YVONNE, CHIARUSI, TOMMASO, COZZI, MICHELA, GIACOMELLI, GIORGIO MARIA, GIORGINI, MIRIAM, MARGIOTTA, ANNARITA, SIOLI, MAXIMILIANO, SIRRI, GABRIELE, SPURIO, MAURIZIO, M., Aglietta, B., Alessandro, P., Antonioli, F., Arneodo, L., Bergamasco, M., Bertaina, C., Castagnoli, A., Castellina, A., Chiavassa, G., Cini, B., D’Ettorre Piazzoli, G., Di Sciascio, W., Fulgione, P., Galeotti, P. L., Ghia, M., Iacovacci, G., Mannocchi, C., Morello, G., Navarra, O., Saavedra, A., Stamerra, G. C., Trinchero, S., Valchierotti, P., Vallania, S., Vernetto, C., Vigorito, M., Ambrosio, R., Antolini, A., Baldini, G. C., Barbarino, B. C., Barish, G., Battistoni, Y., Becherini, R., Bellotti, C., Bemporad, Bernardini, Paolo, H., Bilokon, C., Bower, M., Brigida, S., Bussino, F., Cafagna, M., Calicchio, D., Campana, M., Carboni, R., Caruso, S., Cecchini, F., Cei, V., Chiarella, B. C., Choudhary, S., Coutu, M., Cozzi, G., De Cataldo, H., Dekhissi, C., De Marzo, DE MITRI, Ivan, J., Derkaoui, M., De Vincenzi, A., Di Credico, O., Erriquez, C., Favuzzi, C., Forti, P., Fusco, G., Giacomelli, G., Giannini, N., Giglietto, M., Giorgini, M., Grassi, A., Grillo, F., Guarino, C., Gustavino, A., Habig, K., Hanson, R., Heinz, E., Iarocci, E., Katsavounidi, I., Katsavounidi, E., Kearn, H., Kim, S., Kyriazopoulou, E., Lamanna, C., Lane, D. S., Levin, P., Lipari, N. P., Longley, M. J., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Maaroufi, Mancarella, Giovanni, G., Mandrioli, A., Margiotta, A., Marini, Martello, Daniele, A., Marzari Chiesa, M. N., Mazziotta, D. G., Michael, P., Monacelli, T., Montaruli, M., Monteno, S., Mufson, J., Musser, D., Nicolo', R., Nolty, C., Orth, G., Osteria, O., Palamara, V., Patera, L., Patrizii, R., Pazzi, C. W., Peck, Perrone, Lorenzo, S., Petrera, V., Popa, A., Raino', J., Reynoldson, F., Ronga, C., Satriano, E., Scapparone, K., Scholberg, A., Sciubba, P., Serra, M., Sioli, G., Sirri, M., Sitta, P., Spinelli, M., Spinetti, M., Spurio, R., Steinberg, J. L., Stone, L. R., Sulak, A., Surdo, G., Tarle', V., Togo, M., Vakili, C. W., Walter, R., Webb, Aglietta M., Alessandro B., Antonioli P., Arneodo F., Bergamasco L., Bertaina M., Castagnoli C., Castellina A., Chiavassa A., Cini G., D'Ettorre Piazzoli B., di Sciascio G., Fulgione W., Galeotti P., Ghia P. L., Iacovacci M., Mannocchi G., Morello C., Navarra G., Saavedra O., Stamerra A., Trinchero G. C., Valchierotti S., Vallania P., Vernetto S., Vigorito C., Ambrosio M., Antolini R., Baldini A., Barbarino G. C., Barish B. C., Battistoni G., Becherini Y., Bellotti R., Bemporad C., Bernardini P., Bilokon H., Bower C., Brigida M., Bussino S., Cafagna F., Calicchio M., Campana D., Carboni M., Caruso R., Cecchini S., Cei F., Chiarella V., Chiarusi T., Choudhary B. C., Coutu S., Cozzi M., de Cataldo G., Dekhissi H., de Marzo C., de Mitri I., Derkaoui J., de Vincenzi M., di Credico A., Erriquez O., Favuzzi C., Forti C., Fusco P., Giacomelli G., Giannini G., Giglietto N., Giorgini M., Grassi M., Grillo A., Guarino F., Gustavino C., Habig A., Hanson K., Heinz R., Iarocci E., Katsavounidis E., Katsavounidis I., Kearns E., Kim H., Kyriazopoulou S., Lamanna E., Lane C., Levin D. S., Lipari P., Longley N. P., Longo M. J., Loparco F., Maaroufi F., Mancarella G., Mandrioli G., Margiotta A., Marini A., Martello D., Marzari-Chiesa A., Mazziotta M. N., Michael D. G., Monacelli P., Montaruli T., Monteno M., Mufson S., Musser J., Nicolò D., Nolty R., Orth C., Osteria G., Palamara O., Patera V., Patrizii L., Pazzi R., Peck C. W., Perrone L., Petrera S., Popa V., Rainò A., Reynoldson J., Ronga F., Satriano C., Scapparone E., Scholberg K., Sciubba A., Sioli M., Sirri G., Sitta M., Spinelli P., Spinetti M., Spurio M., Steinberg R., Stone J. L., Sulak L. R., Surdo A., Tarlé G., Togo V., Vakili M., Walter C. W., and Webb R.

Subjects
Sciami estesi, Raggi cosmici, EAS-TOP, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Muoni sotterranei, High Energy Physics::Experiment, MACRO, Composizione
Abstract

The cosmic ray primary composition in the energy range between 10**15 and 10**16 eV, i.e., around the "knee" of the primary spectrum, has been studied through the combined measurements of the EAS-TOP air shower array (2005 m a.s.l., 10**5 m**2 collecting area) and the MACRO underground detector (963 m a.s.l., 3100 m w.e. of minimum rock overburden, 920 m**2 effective area) at the National Gran Sasso Laboratories. The used observables are the air shower size (Ne) measured by EAS-TOP and the muon number (Nmu) recorded by MACRO. The two detectors are separated on average by 1200 m of rock, and located at a respective zenith angle of about 30 degrees. The energy threshold at the surface for muons reaching the MACRO depth is approximately 1.3 TeV. Such muons are produced in the early stages of the shower development and in a kinematic region quite different from the one relevant for the usual Nmu-Ne studies. The measurement leads to a primary composition becoming heavier at the knee of the primary spectrum, the knee itself resulting from the steepening of the spectrum of a primary light component (p, He). The result confirms the ones reported from the observation of the low energy muons at the surface (typically in the GeV energy range), showing that the conclusions do not depend on the production region kinematics. Thus, the hadronic interaction model used (CORSIKA/QGSJET) provides consistent composition results from data related to secondaries produced in a rapidity region exceeding the central one. Such an evolution of the composition in the knee region supports the "standard" galactic acceleration/propagation models that imply rigidity dependent breaks of the different components, and therefore breaks occurring at lower energies in the spectra of the light nuclei.

Published
2004

82. Measurement of the cosmic ray hadron spectrum up to 30 TeV at mountain altitude: the primary proton spectrum

Author

O. Saavedra, C. Morello, P.L. Ghia, C. Castagnoli, F. Arneodo, A. Castellina, P. Galeotti, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, G. Cini Castagnoli, Carlo Vigorito, Pietro Antonioli, G. Mannocchi, P. Vallania, W. Fulgione, L. Riccati, S. Vernetto, G. Di Sciascio, M. Aglietta, G. Navarra, Bruno Alessandro, M. E. Bertaina, G.C. Trinchero, S. Valchierotti, M. Iacovacci, L. Bergamasco, A. Chiavassa, M., Aglietta, B., Alessandro, P., Antonioli, F., Arneodo, L., Bergamasco, M., Bertaina, C., Castagnoli, A., Castellina, A., Chiavassa, G. C., Castagnoli, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, G. D., Sciascio, W., Fulgione, P., Galeotti, P. L., Ghia, Iacovacci, Michele, G., Mannocchi, C., Morello, G., Navarra, L., Riccati, O., Saavedra, G. C., Trinchero, S., Valchierotti, P., Vallania, S., Vernetto, and C., Vigorito

Subjects
Physics, FLUX, Range (particle radiation), Particle physics, Proton, NUCLEI, Hadron, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, HELIUM SPECTRA, ATMOSPHERE, Astrophysics, Power law, Nuclear physics, Altitude, KASCADE, Cosmic rays, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

The flux of cosmic ray hadrons at the atmospheric depth of 820 g/cm^2 has been measured by means of the EAS-TOP hadron calorimeter (Campo Imperatore, National Gran Sasso Laboratories, 2005 m a.s.l.). The hadron spectrum is well described by a single power law : S(E_h) = (2.25 +- 0.21 +- 0.34(sys)) 10^(-7)(E_h/1000)^(-2.79 +- 0.05) m^(-2) s^(-1) sr^(-1) GeV^(-1) over the energy range 30 GeV-30 TeV. The procedure and the accuracy of the measurement are discussed. The primary proton spectrum is derived from the data by using the CORSIKA/QGSJET code to compute the local hadron flux as a function of the primary proton spectrum and to calculate and subtract the heavy nuclei contribution (basing on direct measurements). Over a wide energy range E_0 = 0.5-50 TeV its best fit is given by a single power law : S(E_0) = (9.8 +- 1.1 +- 1.6(sys)) 10^(-5) (E_0/1000)^(-2.80 +- 0.06) m^(-2) s^(-1) sr^(-1) GeV^(-1). The validity of the CORSIKA/QGSJET code for such application has been checked using the EAS-TOP and KASCADE experimental data by reproducing the ratio of the measured hadron fluxes at the two experimental depths (820 and 1030 g/cm^2 respectively) at better than 10% in the considered energy range., Comment: 16 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physics

Published
2002

83. The hadron calorimeter of EAS-TOP: operation, calibration and resolution

Author

A. Castellina, P. Vallania, F. Arneodo, A. Chiavassa, C. Morello, L. Bergamasco, R. Bertoni, M. Aglietta, Carlotta Castagnoli, A. Campos Fauth, O. Saavedra, R. Adinolfi Falcone, P.L. Ghia, M. E. Bertaina, Pietro Antonioli, W. Fulgione, E. Tatananni, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, Bruno Alessandro, G. Cini Castagnoli, M. Iacovacci, G. Navarra, G.C. Trinchero, S. Vernetto, L. Riccati, G. Mannocchi, A. Giuliano, P. Galeotti, G. Di Sciascio, Carlo Vigorito, Helio Nogima, R. A., Falcone, M., Aglietta, B., Alessandro, P., Antonioli, F., Arneodo, L., Bergamasco, M., Bertaina, R., Bertoni, A. C., Fauth, C., Castagnoli, A., Castellina, A., Chiavassa, G. C., Castagnoli, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, G. D., Sciascio, W., Fulgione, P., Galeotti, P. L., Ghia, A., Giuliano, Iacovacci, Michele, G., Mannocchi, C., Morello, G., Navarra, H., Nogima, L., Riccati, O., Saavedra, E., Tatananni, G. C., Trinchero, P., Vallania, S., Vernetto, C., Vigorito, R., Adinolfi Falcone, A., Campos Fauth, G., Cini Castagnoli, and G., Di Sciascio

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Range (particle radiation), Calorimeter (particle physics), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Calibration curve, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Resolution (electron density), Hadron, GRAN-SASSO, Nuclear physics, PHYSICS, COSMIC-RAY EVENTS, Calibration, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, Nuclear Experiment, Instrumentation, Energy (signal processing), Beam (structure)
Abstract

We describe and discuss the operation, calibration and stability of the EAS-TOP calorimeter (Campo Imperatore, National Gran Sasso Laboratories), a large area hadron and muon detector devoted to cosmic-ray physics. It consists of iron slabs (for a total thickness of 818 g cm(-2)) and Iarocci tubes as sensitive layers, operating in the streamer mode and the "quasi proportional" regime. Using a model describing the operation of the "quasi proportional" chambers, we derive a calibration curve in the energy range 50-5000 GeV, whose reliability has been indirectly checked through on-site measurements, by means of an accelerator beam run (up to similar or equal to 600-700 GeV) and by comparing the model predictions on hadron shower transition curves with the data. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
1999

84. Search for high energy GRBs with EASTOP

Author

Carlotta Castagnoli, Gian Carlo Trinchero, M. Iacovacci, G. Di Sciascio, Piero Vallania, L. Bergamasco, F. Arneodo, O. Saavedra, A. Chiavassa, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, M. E. Bertaina, G. Cini, Bruno Alessandro, Marco Aglietta, C. Morello, G. Mannocchi, Pietro Antonioli, Antonella Castellina, S. Vernetto, G. Navarra, P. Galeotti, W. Fulgione, P. L. Ghia, Carlo Vigorito, M., Aglietta, B., Alessandro, P., Antonioli, F., Arneodo, L., Bergamasco, M., Bertaina, C., Castagnoli, A., Castellina, A., Chiavassa, G., Cini, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, G. D., Sciascio, W., Fulgione, P., Galeotti, P. L., Ghia, Iacovacci, Michele, G., Mannocchi, C., Morello, G., Navarra, O., Saavedra, G. C., Trinchero, P., Vallania, S., Vernetto, and C., Vigorito

Subjects
Physics, High energy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, General Physics and Astronomy, Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Gamma-ray burst, Zenith, Energy (signal processing), Counting rate, Coincidence
Abstract

A search for GRBs of energy E> 10 GeV has been performed by studying the single particle counting rate of the EAS array EASTOP. No candidates have been observed in coincidence with 292 BATSE GRBs and the typical upper limits obtained on the energy fluence are F (10 GeV 1 TeV) 10 4 10 3 erg cm 2 for the events with zenith angle 10 GeV can reach the detector level; although the number of sec- ondary particles is too small to reconstruct the primary direction, GRBs could be detected as a short time increase in the single particle counting rate. The background con- sists of e and generated by low energy cosmic rays. All sources of background modulation have time scales (hours) much larger than the typical GRB duration (sec- onds), hence they do not aect the GRBs search. The EASTOP experiment is running since 1991 at Campo Imperatore in Italy, at 2000 m a.s.l. The ar- ray is devoted to the measurement of the various com- ponents of extensive air showers. In the GRBs search

Published
1999

85. The high energy muon spectrum in extensive air showers: first data from LVD and EAS-TOP at Gran Sasso

Author

T. Massam, Isao Yamamoto, Giovanni Badino, P. Giusti, Rosario Nania, L. G. Dos Santos, M. Selvi, L. Periale, J. H. Moromisato, A. Chiavassa, G. Cara Romeo, Carlotta Castagnoli, P. L. Ghia, R. Mantovani, N. Inoue, A. Campos Fauth, G. Bari, O. Saavedra, G. Di Sciascio, H. Nogima, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, W. Fulgione, R. Bertoni, J. Pyrlik, O. G. Ryazhskaya, V. S. Berezinsky, E. D. Alyea, P. Haridas, Antonino Zichichi, V. B. Korchaguin, B. Mayes, L. Bergamasco, V. P. Talochkin, A. Pesci, E. S. Hafen, R. I. Enikeev, I. A. Pless, S. Tsuji, C. Ghetti, V. L. Dadykin, G. Navarra, A. Turtelli, G. Guidi, L. Emaldi, C. Morello, I. Uman, G. C. Trinchero, M. Iacovacci, M. Basile, A. Megna, A. De Silva, Kwong Lau, Andrea Contin, A. S. Malguin, Tomonori Wada, M. Widgoff, V. A. Kudryavtsev, Giuseppe Iacobucci, F. Vetrano, M. Deutsch, F. Grianti, Behcet Alpat, E. V. Korolkova, Pietro Antonioli, L. Panaro, Luisa Cifarelli, V. F. Yakushev, N. Taborgna, A. Bosco, K. Saitoh, Marco Aglietta, F. Bersani, Stefano Santini, Lawrence Pinsky, G. Bruni, M. Luvisetto, P. Vallania, G. Cini Castagnoli, M. E. Bertaina, G. T. Zatsepin, G. Bonoli, F. Arneodo, G. Maccarrone, S. Vernetto, P. Dominici, R. Granella, A. Lima de Godoi, G. Mannocchi, F. F. Khalchukov, V. G. Ryasny, G. Conforto, N. Mengotti Silva, F. Cindolo, Jose Chinellato, P. V. Korchaguin, P. Picchi, Carlo Vigorito, J. Tang, E. Kemp, P. Galeotti, Roy Weinstein, Gabriella Sartorelli, E. von Goeler, Antonella Castellina, L. Votano, Bruno Alessandro, Fabrizio Fabbri, M., Aglietta, B., Alessandro, B., Alpat, E. D., Alyea, P., Antonioli, F., Arneodo, G., Badino, G., Bari, M., Basile, V. S., Berezinsky, L., Bergamasco, F., Bersani, M., Bertaina, R., Bertoni, G., Bonoli, A., Bosco, G., Bruni, A. C., Fauth, G. C., Romeo, C., Castagnoli, A., Castellina, A., Chiavassa, J. A., Chinellato, L., Cifarelli, F., Cindolo, G. C., Castagnoli, G., Conforto, A., Contin, V. L., Dadykin, A. D., Silva, M., Deutsch, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, G. D., Sciascio, P., Dominici, L. G., Do, L., Emaldi, R. I., Enikeev, F. L., Fabbri, W., Fulgione, P., Galeotti, C., Ghetti, P. L., Ghia, P., Giusti, R., Granella, F., Grianti, G., Guidi, E. S., Hafen, P., Harida, G., Iacobucci, Iacovacci, Michele, N., Inoue, E., Kemp, F. F., Khalchukov, E. V., Korolkova, P. V., Korchaguin, V. B., Korchaguin, V. A., Kudryavtsev, K., Lau, A. L., De, M. L., Luvisetto, G., Maccarrone, A. S., Malguin, G., Mannocchi, R., Mantovani, T., Massam, B., Maye, A., Megna, N. M., Silva, C., Morello, J., Moromisato, R., Nania, G., Navarra, H., Nogima, L., Panaro, L., Periale, A., Pesci, P., Picchi, L., Pinsky, I. A., Ple, J., Pyrlik, V. G., Ryasny, O. G., Ryazhskaya, O., Saavedra, K., Saitoh, S., Santini, G., Sartorelli, M., Selvi, N., Taborgna, V. P., Talochkin, J., Tang, G. C., Trinchero, S., Tsuji, A., Turtelli, I., Uman, P., Vallania, S., Vernetto, F., Vetrano, C., Vigorito, E. v., Goeler, L., Votano, T., Wada, R., Weinstein, M., Widgoff, V. F., Yakushev, I., Yamamoto, G. T., Zatsepin, and A., Zichichi

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Physics, High energy, Muon, Coincident, SIMULATION, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, DETECTOR
Abstract

We present evidence for a dependence of the average deep underground muon energies on shower size in the coincident EAS-TOP and LVD data at the Gran Sasso laboratories. The measured relation agrees with a mixed chemical composition of the cosmic ray primary spectrum at energies around 10(15) eV. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V.

Published
1998

86. A measurement of the solar and sidereal cosmic-ray anisotropy at E(0)similar to 10(14)eV

Author

Aglietta, M., Alessandro, B., Antonioli, P., Arneodo, F., Bergamasco, Laura Maria, Bertaina, Mario Edoardo, Bosio, A., Castellina, A., Castagnoli, Carlo, Chiavassa, Andrea, Castagnoli, G. C., Piazzoli, B. D., Disciascio, G., Fulgione, W., Galeotti, Piero, Ghia, P. L., Iacovacci, M., Mannocchi, G., Melagrana, C., Silva, N. M., Morello, C., Navarra, Gianni Maria, Riccati, L., Saavedra, Oscar, Trinchero, G. C., Vallania, P., Vernetto, S., M., Aglietta, B., Alessandro, P., Antonioli, F., Arneodo, L., Bergamasco, M., Bertaina, A., Bosio, A., Castellina, C., Castagnoli, A., Chiavassa, G. C., Castagnoli, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, G., Disciascio, W., Fulgione, P., Galeotti, P. L., Ghia, Iacovacci, Michele, G., Mannocchi, C., Melagrana, N. M., Silva, C., Morello, G., Navarra, L., Riccati, O., Saavedra, G. C., Trinchero, P., Vallania, and S., Vernetto

Subjects
Cosmic Ray Anisotropy, EASTOP, EAS experiment
Abstract

The results of the measurement of the cosmic-ray solar and sidereal anisotropies at primary energy E(0) approximate to 10(14) eV performed by the EAS-TOP Extensive Air Shower array (Campo Imperatore, National Gran Sasso Laboratories, 2005 m above sea level, latitude 42 degrees.5 N are presented. The measurement includes 4 years of data taking (1990, 1992, 1993, 1994) for a total of 1.3 x 10(9) events and is performed at two different mean primary energies: (E) over bar(0)(v) approximate to 1.5 x 10(14) eV and (E) over bar(0)(i) approximate to 2.5 x 10(14) eV. The two results are compatible (within 2 sigma) and can therefore be combined. The obtained amplitude and phase of the first harmonic in sidereal time are (in the equatorial plane) A(sid,delta=0c)((E) over bar(0) approximate to 2 x 10(14) eV) = (3.73 +/- 0.57) x 10(-4) and phi(sid) = 1.82 +/- 0.49 hr local sidereal time, with significance 6.5 sigma. The amplitude of the anisotropy exhibits the expected cos delta dependence. A first harmonic in solar time compatible with the expected Compton-Getting effect due to the motion of revolution of the Earth around the Sun is observed with significance 7.3 sigma. The corresponding measured amplitude and phase (also in the equatorial plane) are A(sol,delta=0o)=(4.06 +/- 0.55) x 10(-4) and phi(sol) = 4.92 +/- 0.53 hr, the expected values being 4.7 x 10(-4) and 6.0 hr. Different checks of stability of the detectors and consistency of the data are presented.

Published
1996

87. Large-P-T physics with cosmic-ray events

Author

G. Mannocchi, A. Chiavassa, G. Di Sciascio, C. Melagrana, Antonella Castellina, A. E. Chudakov, G. Navarra, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, M. Iacovacci, Piero Vallania, P. L. Ghia, A. Campos Fauth, O. Saavedra, F. Arneodo, Gian Carlo Trinchero, L. Riccati, Bruno Alessandro, L. Bergamasco, H. Nogima, A. Turtelli, C. Morello, V. A. Tizengauzen, Pietro Antonioli, S. Vernetto, M. E. Bertaina, G. Cini Castagnoli, A. S. Lidvansky, W. Fulgione, P. Galeotti, Marco Aglietta, N. Mengotti Silva, M., Aglietta, B., Alessandro, P., Antonioli, F., Arneodo, L., Bergamasco, M., Bertaina, A. C., Fauth, A., Castellina, A., Chiavassa, A. E., Chudakov, G. C., Castagnoli, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, G., Disciascio, W., Fulgione, P., Galeotti, P. L., Ghia, Iacovacci, Michele, A. S., Lidvansky, G., Mannocchi, C., Melagrana, N. M., Silva, C., Morello, G., Navarra, H., Nogima, L., Riccati, O., Saavedra, G. C., Trinchero, V. A., Tizengauzen, A., Turtelli, P., Vallania, and S., Vernetto

Subjects
Physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Hadron, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Jet (particle physics), JET PRODUCTION, Nuclear physics, COLLIDER, ENERGY, Air shower, Transverse momentum, PARTICLES, Granularity, LARGE TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM
Abstract

Extensive Air Shower (EAS) experiments with high granularity have reported the detection of multicore events. On the other hand, multicluster and double-core events have been observed with emulsion chambers (EC) at mountain altitudes since the late '70s. A striking characteristic of these events is the large transverse momentum of the clusters. At accelerator energy region, it is known that jet production in deep inelastic hadronic processes is associated with the emission of large-P T particles. In this paper we analyse the possibility that both EAS and EC events represent the same physical process, discussing the physical consequences of this fact and the possibilities offered by both techniques in integrating the accelerators data.

Published
1995

88. Study of the primary cosmic ray composition around the knee of the energy spectrum

Author

C. W. Peck, G. Giannini, M. Goretti, F. Guarino, G. Liu, R. Baker, A. Marzari Chiesa, A. Corona, N. Giglietto, L. Patrizii, V. Valente, O. Erriquez, M. Severi, Fabrizio Cei, G. Mandrioli, Vincenzo Patera, M. Aglietta, M. Spinetti, J. L. Stone, B. Pavesi, M. Mittelbrun, V. Bisi, C. DeMarzo, C. R. Bower, L. Satta, A. Sciubba, G.C. Trinchero, M. Ambrosio, D. Martello, O. Palamara, Pietro Antonioli, C. Melagrana, C. Bloise, Erik Katsavounidis, B. C. Barish, P. Fusco, P. Serra Lugaresi, M. E. Bertaina, J. A. Musser, D. Ficenec, C. W. Walter, Steven Ahlen, E. Kearns, H. Dekhissi, S. L. Mufson, A. Margiotta-Neri, G. Ludlam, Andrea Carlo Marini, F. Sartogo, M. Iacovacci, P. Pistilli, D. Campana, J. Petrakis, S. Klein, D. G. Michael, P. Bernardini, S. L. Nutter, A. Rainò, C. Morello, G. Cini, M. N. Mazziotta, C. E. Lane, Giuseppe Osteria, A. Sanzgiri, F. Cafagna, G. Mancarella, C. Bemporad, R. Pazzi, J. Reynoldson, Teresa Montaruli, S. Parlati, M. De Mitri, A. Marin, A. Di Credico, Robert A. Cormack, Lawrence Sulak, Kate Scholberg, Paolo Lipari, S. Kyriazopoulou, M. Carboni, A. Campos Fauth, Marco Grassi, Marco Monteno, O. Saavedra, R. Liu, R. C. Webb, C. Okada, Bruno Alessandro, R. Steinberg, Kael Hanson, Maurizio Spurio, A. Surdo, S. Vernetto, L. Bergamasco, G. Battistoni, Edward Diehl, G.L. Sanzani, E. Iarocci, P. Green, R. Nolty, P. Guarnaccia, C. Satriano, S. Cecchini, P. Vallania, P.L. Ghia, Alec Habig, M. Calicchio, Roberto Bellotti, R.M. Heinz, S. Petrera, Halina Bilokon, G. Navarra, G. Mannocchi, G. Di Sciascio, Donato Nicolo, L. Miller, D. Levin, Severino Angelo Maria Bussino, Y. Lu, W. Fulgione, N. D. Pignatano, E. Lamanna, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, J. Steele, M. J. Longo, Carlotta Castagnoli, A. Baldini, P. Spinelli, F. Arneodo, G. C. Barbarino, R. Antolini, A. Chiavassa, Eugenio Scapparone, L. Riccati, J. T. Hong, M. De Vincenzi, V. Togo, G. Auriemma, Gregory Tarle, P. Matteuzzi, G. DeCataldo, Mario Sitta, C. Gustavino, A. Castellina, C. Favuzzi, A. A. Grillo, C. Cattadori, V. Chiarella, P. Monacelli, P. Galeotti, S. Coutu, W. A. Worstell, C. Forti, G. Giacomelli, S P Mikheyev, F.J. Ronga, Aglietta, M, Alessandro, B, Antonioli, P, Arneodo, F, Bergamasco, L, Bertaina, M, Fauth, Ac, Castagnoli, C, Castellina, A, Cattadori, C, Chiavassa, A, Cini, G, Piazzoli, Bd, Disciascio, G, Fulgione, W, Galeotti, P, Ghia, Pl, Iacovacci, M, Mannocchi, G, Melagrana, C, Morello, C, Navarra, G, Riccati, L, Saavedra, O, Trinchero, Gc, Vallania, P, Vernetto, S, Ahlen, S, Ambrosio, M, Antolini, R, Auriemma, G, Baker, R, Baldini, A, Barbarino, Gc, Barish, Bc, Battistoni, G, Bellotti, R, Bemporad, C, Bernardini, P, Bilokon, H, Bisi, V, Bloise, C, Bower, C, Bussino, Severino Angelo Maria, Cafagna, F, Calicchio, M, Campana, D, Carboni, M, Cecchini, S, Cei, F, Chiarella, V, Cormack, R, Corona, A, Coutu, S, Decataldo, G, Dekhissi, H, Demarzo, C, Demitri, L, Devincenzi, M, Dicredico, A, Diehl, E, Erriquez, O, Favuzzi, C, Ficenec, D, Forti, C, Fusco, P, Giacomelli, G, Giannini, G, Giglietto, N, Goretti, M, Grassi, M, Green, P, Grillo, A, Guarino, F, Guarnaccia, P, Gustavino, C, Habig, A, Hanson, K, Heinz, R, Hong, Jt, Iarocci, E, Katsavounidis, E, Kearns, E, Klein, S, Kyriazopoulou, S, Lamanna, E, Lane, C, Levin, D, Lipari, P, Liu, G, Liu, R, Longo, Mj, Lu, Y, Ludlam, G, Mancarella, G, Mandrioli, G, Margiottaneri, A, Marin, A, Marini, A, Martello, D, Chiesa, Am, Matteuzzi, P, Mazziotta, Mn, Michael, Dg, Mikheyev, S, Miller, L, Mittelbrun, M, Monacelli, P, Montaruli, T, Monteno, M, Mufson, S, Musser, J, Nicolo, D, Nolty, R, Nutter, S, Okada, C, Osteria, G, Palamara, O, Parlati, S, Patera, V, Patrizii, L, Pavesi, B, Pazzi, R, Peck, Cw, Petrakis, J, Petrera, S, Pignatano, Nd, Pistilli, P, Raino, A, Reynoldson, J, Ronga, F, Sanzani, G, Sanzgiri, A, Sartogo, F, Satriano, C, Satta, L, Scapparone, E, Scholberg, K, Sciubba, A, Lugaresi, P, Severi, M, Sitta, M, Spinelli, P, Spinetti, M, Spurio, M, Steele, J, Steinberg, R, Stone, Jl, Sulak, Lr, Surdo, A, Tarle, G, Togo, V, Valente, V, Walter, Cw, Webb, R, Worstell, W., M., Aglietta, B., Alessandro, P., Antonioli, F., Arneodo, L., Bergamasco, M., Bertaina, A., Campos Fauth, C., Castagnoli, A., Castellina, C., Cattadori, A., Chiavassa, G., Cini, B., D'Ettorre Piazzoli, G., Di Sciascio, W., Fulgione, P., Galeotti, P. L., Ghia, M., Iacovacci, G., Mannocchi, C., Melagrana, C., Morello, G., Navarra, L., Riccati, O., Saavedra, G. C., Trinchero, P., Vallania, S., Vernetto, S., Ahlen, M., Ambrosio, R., Antolini, G., Auriemma, R., Baker, A., Baldini, G. C., Barbarino, B. C., Barish, G., Battistoni, R., Bellotti, C., Bemporad, P., Bernardini, H., Bilokon, V., Bisi, C., Bloise, C., Bower, S., Bussino, F., Cafagna, M., Calicchio, D., Campana, M., Carboni, S., Cecchini, F., Cei, V., Chiarella, R., Cormack, A., Corona, S., Coutu, G., Decataldo, H., Dekhissi, C., Demarzo, M., De Mitri, M., De Vincenzi, A., Di Credico, E., Diehl, O., Erriquez, C., Favuzzi, D., Ficenec, C., Forti, P., Fusco, G., Giacomelli, G., Giannini, N., Giglietto, M., Goretti, M., Grassi, P., Green, A., Grillo, F., Guarino, P., Guarnaccia, C., Gustavino, A., Habig, K., Hanson, R., Heinz, J. T., Hong, E., Iarocci, E., Katsavounidi, E., Kearn, S., Klein, S., Kyriazopoulou, E., Lamanna, C., Lane, D. S., Levin, P., Lipari, G., Liu, R., Liu, M. J., Longo, Y., Lu, G., Ludlam, Mancarella, Giovanni, G., Mandrioli, A., Margiotta Neri, A., Marin, A., Marini, Martello, Daniele, A., Marzari Chiesa, P., Matteuzzi, M. N., Mazziotta, D. G., Michael, S., Mikheyev, L., Miller, M., Mittelbrun, P., Monacelli, T., Montaruli, M., Monteno, S., Mufson, J., Musser, D., Nicoló, R., Nolty, S., Nutter, C., Okada, G., Osteria, O., Palamara, S., Parlati, V., Patera, L., Patrizii, B., Pavesi, R., Pazzi, C. W., Peck, J., Petraki, S., Petrera, N. D., Pignatano, P., Pistilli, A., Rainó, J., Reynoldson, F., Ronga, G., Sanzani, A., Sanzgiri, F., Sartogo, C., Satriano, L., Satta, E., Scapparone, K., Scholberg, A., Sciubba, P., Serra Lugaresi, M., Severi, M., Sitta, P., Spinelli, M., Spinetti, M., Spurio, J., Steele, R., Steinberg, J. L., Stone, L. R., Sulak, A., Surdo, G., Tarlé, V., Togo, V., Valente, C. W., Walter, R., Webb, W., Worstell, A. C., Fauth, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, G., Disciascio, Iacovacci, Michele, Barbarino, Giancarlo, L., Demitri, M., Devincenzi, A., Dicredico, Guarino, Fausto, G., Mancarella, A., Margiottaneri, D., Martello, A. M., Chiesa, D., Nicolo, A., Raino, P. S., Lugaresi, G., Tarle, Aglietta M., Alessandro B., Antonioli P., Arneodo F., Bergamasco L., Bertaina M., Fauth A.C., Castagnoli C., Castellina A., Cattadori C., Chiavassa A., Cini G., D'Ettorre Piazzoli B., Di Sciascio G., Fulgione W., Galeotti P., Ghia P.L., Iacovacci M., Mannocchi G., Melagrana C., Morello C., Navarra G., Riccati L., Saavedra O., Trinchero G.C., Vallania P., Vernetto S., Ahlen S., Ambrosio M., Antolini R., Auriemma G., Baker R., Baldini A., Barbarino G.C., Barish B.C., Battistoni G., Bellotti R., Bemporad C., Bernardini P., Bilokon H., Bisi V., Bloise C., Bower C., Bussino S., Cafagna F., Calicchio M., Campana D., Carboni M., Cecchini S., Cei F., Chiarella V., Cormack R., Corona A., Coutu S., DeCataldo G., Dekhissi H., DeMarzo C., De Mitri M., De Vincenzi M., Di Credico A., Diehl E., Erriquez O., Favuzzi C., Ficenec D., Forti C., Fusco P., Giacomelli G., Giannini G., Giglietto N., Goretti M., Grassi M., Green P., Grillo A., Guarino F., Guarnaccia P., Gustavino C., Habig A., Hanson K., Heinz R., Hong J.T., Iarocci E., Katsavounidis E., Kearns E., Klein S., Kyriazopoulou S., Lamanna E., Lane C., Levin D.S., Lipari P., Liu G., Liu R., Longo M.J., Lu Y., Ludlam G., Mancarella G., Mandrioli G., Margiotta-Neri A., Marin A., Marini A., Martello D., Chiesa A.M., Matteuzzi P., Mazziotta M.N., Michael D.G., Mikheyev S., Miller L., Mittelbrun M., Monacelli P., Montaruli T., Monteno M., Mufson S., Musser J., Nicolo D., Nolty R., Nutter S., Okada C., Osteria G., Palamara O., Parlati S., Patera V., Patrizii L., Pavesi B., Pazzi R., Peck C.W., Petrakis J., Petrera S., Pignatano N.D., Pistilli P., Raino A., Reynoldson J., Ronga F., Sanzani G., Sanzgiri A., Sartogo F., Satriano C., Satta L., Scapparone E., Scholberg K., Sciubba A., Lugaresi P.S., Severi M., Sitta M., Spinelli P., Spinetti M., Spurio M., Steele J., Steinberg R., Stone J.L., Sulak L.R., Surdo A., Tarle G., Togo V., Valente V., Walter C.W., Webb R., and Worstell W.

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Proton, EAS-TOP, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Other Fields of Physics, chemistry.chemical_element, Cosmic ray, MACRO, Astrophysics, CASCADES, Coincidence, Spectral line, DEEP-UNDERGROUND MUONS, Nuclear physics, Primary (astronomy), Nuclear Experiment, Helium, Physics, Range (particle radiation), Muon, GRAN-SASSO, MACRO DETECTOR, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Gran Sasso, chemistry, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract

A study of the primary cosmic ray composition in the energy range 5ṡ1014−5ṡ1015 eV is performed through the analysis of the deep underground muons and of the e.m. component of Extensive Air Showers detected in coincidence by the MACRO and EAS-TOP experiments at the Gran Sasso Laboratory. We conclude that: a) pure proton and Iron primary beams are excluded by the experimental data; b) a fraction of nuclei heavier than Helium is necessary to explain the experimental data both below and above the knee; c) a mixed composition, obtained a priori from extrapolations of the spectra directly measured below 100 TeV, yields a reasonable account of the observations up to the knee of the primary spectrum.

Published
1994

89. Search for Gamma-Ray Bursts at Photon Energies E >= 10 GeV and E >= 80 TeV

Author

W. Fulgione, Carlotta Castagnoli, Pietro Antonioli, F. Arneodo, P. Vallania, A. Castellina, C. Morello, M. Aglietta, G. Cini Castagnoli, R. Granella, M. E. Bertaina, G. Mannocchi, C. Melagrana, M. Iacovacci, N. Mengotti Silva, S. Vernetto, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, Bruno Alessandro, G. Navarra, P.L. Ghia, L. Riccati, Carlo Vigorito, G. Di Sciascio, L. Bergamasco, G.C. Trinchero, P. Galeotti, O. Saavedra, A. Chiavassa, M., Aglietta, B., Alessandro, P., Antonioli, F., Arneodo, L., Bergamasco, M., Bertaina, A., Castellina, C., Castagnoli, A., Chiavassa, G. C., Castagnoli, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, G., Disciascio, W., Fulgione, P., Galeotti, P. L., Ghia, R., Granella, Iacovacci, Michele, G., Mannocchi, C., Melagrana, N. M., Silva, C., Morello, G., Navarra, L., Riccati, O., Saavedra, G. C., Trinchero, P., Vallania, S., Vernetto, and C., Vigorito

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Physics, Photon, Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy and Astrophysics, EASTOP experiment, Gamma-ray burst, GRB search
Abstract

The EAS-TOP extensive air shower array has been operating since 1992 in the search for gamma-ray bursts at primary energies E(1) greater than or equal to 10 GeV and E(2) greater than or equal to 80 TeV. The study is performed by searching for short transients in the cosmic-ray intensity in the single particle (E(1)) and extensive air shower (E(2)) counting rates at mountain altitude (2005 m above sea level). We discuss the method and the results obtained both in sky survey and in correlation with BATSE events. In both energy ranges, the observed fluctuations in the event rate obtained in the sky survey during similar to 800 days of live time are compatible with the statistical fluctuations of the cosmic-ray background. A single candidate of time duration Delta t similar to 2 s and energy fluence F(10 < E < 100 GeV) = 1.7 x 10(-4)/(cos theta)(10.5) ergs cm(-2) (where theta is the unknown zenith angle) has been observed on 1992 July 15 at 13:22:26 UT in the energy range E(1) greater than or equal to 10 GeV with significance 10.6 and 20.1 sigma in two measurement channels. In the analysis made in correlation with similar to 50 events detected by BATSE, no burst candidate was found in time coincidence or in the 2 hr interval, around the BATSE detection time. The following ranges of upper limits F-max to the energy fluence in the time interval Delta t(90) in which BATSE detected 90% of the counts are obtained: F-max = 2.3 x 10(-5)-7.4 x 10(-3) ergs cm(-2) (10 < E < 100 GeV) F-max = 1.6 x 10(-6)-3.3 x 10(-5) ergs cm(-2) (100 < E < 1000 TeV).

Published
1996

90. Results on high-energy cosmic rays by EAS-TOP at Gran Sasso

Author

Aglietta, M., Alessandro, B., Antonioli, P., Arneodo, F., Bergamasco, L., Bertaina, M., Campos Fauth, A., Castagnoli, C., Antonella Castellina, Chiavassa, A., Cini Castagnoli, G., D Ettorre Piazzoli, B., Di Sciascio, G., Fulgione, W., Galeotti, P., Ghia, P. L., Iacovacci, M., Mannocchi, G., Melagrana, C., Morello, C., Navarra, G., Riccati, L., Saavedra, O., Trinchero, G. C., Vallania, P., Vernetto, S., M., Aglietta, B., Alessandro, P., Antonioli, F., Arneodo, L., Bergamasco, M., Bertaina, A. C., Fauth, C., Castagnoli, A., Castellina, A., Chiavassa, G. C., Castagnoli, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, G. D., Sciascio, W., Fulgione, P., Galeotti, P. L., Ghia, Iacovacci, Michele, G., Mannocchi, C., Melagrana, C., Morello, G., Navarra, L., Riccati, O., Saavedra, G. C., Trinchero, P., Vallania, and S., Vernetto

Subjects
DEEP-UNDERGROUND MUONS, CRAB-NEBULA, EXTENSIVE AIR SHOWERS, SEARCH, GAMMA-RAYS, TEV, ARRAY, RADIATION, CYGNUS-X-3, GALACTIC DISK
Abstract

Very High-Energy cosmic rays have to be studied through the ground-based detectors of the Extensive Air Showers (EAS) that they produce in the atmosphepe. The main measurements to be performed are of: primary energy spectra, composition, anisotropies, <> astronomy, and interaction properties. This requires complete detectors of all the EAS components, and for this purpose the EAS-TOP array has been constructed at Campo Imperatore (2000 m a.s.l.) on top of the Gran Sasso underground laboratories. The array has been progressively going into operation since 1988. In this paper we present the status and performances of the different detectors, and the results obtained up to now on the different items under discussion.

91. Comparison of the electron and muon data in extensive air showers with the expectations from a cosmic-ray composition and hadron interaction model

Author

Aglietta, M., Alessandro, B., Antonioli, P., Arneodo, F., Bergamasco, L., Bertaina, M., Campos Fauth, A., Castagnoli, C., Antonella Castellina, Chiavassa, A., Cini Castagnoli, G., D Ettorre Piazzoli, B., Di Sciascio, G., Fulgione, W., Galeotti, P., Ghia, P. L., Godoi, A. L., Granella, R., Iacovacci, M., Mannocchi, G., Melagrana, C., Mengotti Silva, N., Morello, C., Navarra, G., Nogima, H., Riccati, L., Saavedra, O., Trinchero, G. C., Vallania, P., Vernetto, S., Vigorito, C., M., Aglietta, B., Alessandro, P., Antonioli, F., Arneodo, L., Bergamasco, M., Bertaina, A. C., Fauth, C., Castagnoli, A., Castellina, A., Chiavassa, G. C., Castagnoli, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, G., Disciascio, W., Fulgione, P., Galeotti, P. L., Ghia, A. L., Godoi, R., Granella, Iacovacci, Michele, G., Mannocchi, C., Melagrana, N. M., Silva, C., Morello, G., Navarra, H., Nogima, L., Riccati, O., Saavedra, G. C., Trinchero, P., Vallania, S., Vernetto, and C., Vigorito

Subjects
Astrophysics and Astronomy, electron component, muon component, Extensive Air Shower
Abstract

The cosmic-ray primary spectrum and composition ape studied at E-0 > 10(14) eV by means of the multicomponent Extensive Air Shower detector of the EAS-TOP experiment at the National Gran Sasso Laboratories. The measured muon lateral distribution function (E-mu > 1 GeV) and the N-e-N-mu relation in the energy range around the knee of the primary energy spectrum (E-0 approximate to 3.10(15)eV) are compared with the expectations of a simulation based on the Dual Parton Model (CORSIKA code) and a cosmic-ray composition model based on the extrapolations of the low-energy direct measurements. First data obtained for vertical showers show that both average values and fluctuations are well reproduced. The same interaction model together with mixed compositions, not requiring dramatic changes, fit the data also above the knee (up to E-0 approximate to 10(15) eV.

92. Multicomponent extensive air shower observations at EAS-TOP

Author

C. Morello, Pietro Antonioli, Helio Nogima, M. Aglietta, Carlo Vigorito, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, A. Lima de Godoi, L. Bergamasco, N. Mengotti Silva, W. Fulgione, G. Mannocchi, L. Riccati, A. Chiavassa, S. Vernetto, G.C. Trinchero, M. E. Bertaina, C. Melagrana, P. Galeotti, A. Campos Fauth, O. Saavedra, P.L. Ghia, Bruno Alessandro, G. Di Sciascio, F. Arneodo, P. Vallania, Carlotta Castagnoli, G. Navarra, G. Cini Castagnoli, A. Castellina, M. Iacovacci, M., Aglietta, B., Alessandro, P., Antonioli, F., Arneodo, L., Bergamasco, M., Bertaina, A. C., Fauth, C., Castagnoli, A., Castellina, A., Chiavassa, G. C., Castagnoli, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, G., Disciascio, W., Fulgione, P., Galeotti, P. L., Ghia, Iacovacci, Michele, A. L., Degodoi, G., Mannocchi, C., Melagrana, N. M., Silva, C., Morello, G., Navarra, H., Nogima, L., Riccati, O., Saavedra, G. C., Trinchero, P., Vallania, S., Vernetto, and C., Vigorito

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, High energy, Particle physics, Muon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Hadron, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, GRAN-SASSO, Cosmic ray, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Coincidence, Nuclear physics, Air shower, LIGHT, ARRAY, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, DETECTOR
Abstract

The study of cosmic rays at primary energies E-0 > 10(14) eV requires the detection of the different components of Extensive Air Showers through ground based stations. EAS-TOP is such an array (located at Campo Imperatore, 2000 m a.s.l., National Gran Sasso Laboratories), including detectors of the electromagnetic, muon (E-mu approximate to GeV at the surface, and E-mu approximate to TeV in coincidence with the detectors operating in the underground Gran Sasso Laboratories), hadron and atmospheric Cerenkov light components. The combined operation of the detectors is discussed from the point of view of the capability of measuring the cosmic ray primary spectrum and composition. The main lines for checking the significant features of the high energy hadron interaction model used for the interpretation of the data are outlined.

93. The shapes of the atmospheric Cherenkov light images from extensive air showers

Author

A. Chiavassa, C. Morello, L. Bergamasco, G.C. Trinchero, P. Galeotti, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, M. Iacovacci, A. Castellina, P. Vallania, C. Melagrana, O. Saavedra, Carlotta Castagnoli, Bruno Alessandro, L. Riccati, S. Vernetto, G. Cini Castagnoli, N. Mengotti Silva, P.L. Ghia, F. Arneodo, Pietro Antonioli, M. Aglietta, M. E. Bertaina, G. Mannocchi, G. Di Sciascio, W. Fulgione, G. Navarra, M., Aglietta, B., Alessandro, P., Antonioli, F., Arneodo, L., Bergamasco, M., Bertaina, C., Castagnoli, A., Castellina, A., Chiavassa, G. C., Castagnoli, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, G., Disciascio, W., Fulgione, P., Galeotti, P. L., Ghia, Iacovacci, Michele, G., Mannocchi, C., Melagrana, N. M., Silva, C., Morello, G., Navarra, L., Riccati, O., Saavedra, G. C., Trinchero, P., Vallania, and S., Vernetto

Subjects
Physics, GRAN SASSO, Astrophysics and Astronomy, Pixel, EAS-TOP, ENERGIES, business.industry, Detector, GAMMA-RAYS, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Field of view, Optics, Full field of view, Content (measure theory), ARRAY, business, DETECTOR, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract

Experimental results on the shapes of atmospheric Cherenkov light images from Extensive Air Showers at E(0) = 10(13)-10(14) eV are presented, The results are based on data obtained by the first element of the Cherenkov light array of the EAS-TOP experiment at Campo Imperatore (2005 m a.s.l., National Gran Sasso Laboratories, Italy), Images are obtained with pixel field of view omega = 1.5 x 10(-5) sr and full field of view Omega approximate to 10(-3) sr. The shapes of the images agree with the expectations and their fluctuations are large and significant, Experimental data on the dependence of the image shapes on the detection geometry are reported, The images are well reproduced by two independent side by side detectors, within measured accuracies, Such accuracies (approximate to 15% for large photoelectron content) define the level at which each pixel content is related to the shower structure, The presence of events characterized by patterns with multiple structures is proved, It is shown that such features are related to physical fluctuations of the shower structure.

94. Studies of the knee in the electron and muon components of extensive air showers at EAS-TOP

Author

Piero Vallania, Marco Aglietta, Carlo Vigorito, F. Arneodo, Bruno Alessandro, O. Saavedra, A. Lima de Godoi, M. Iacovacci, Carlotta Castagnoli, P. L. Ghia, G. Navarra, C. Morello, L. Bergamasco, Antonella Castellina, Pietro Antonioli, G. Mannocchi, A. Chiavassa, W. Fulgione, S. Vernetto, G. Di Sciascio, P. Galeotti, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, G. Cini Castagnoli, Gian Carlo Trinchero, M. E. Bertaina, M., Aglietta, B., Alessandro, P., Antonioli, F., Arneodo, L., Bergamasco, M., Bertaina, C., Castagnoli, A., Castellina, A., Chiavassa, G. C., Castagnoli, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, G. D., Sciascio, W., Fulgione, P., Galeotti, P. L., Ghia, Iacovacci, Michele, A. L., De, G., Mannocchi, C., Morello, G., Navarra, O., Saavedra, G. C., Trinchero, P., Vallania, S., Vernetto, and C., Vigorito

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Muon, Primary (astronomy), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Cosmic ray, Electron, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Zenith
Abstract

The region of the "knee" of the cosmic ray primary spectrum (10(15) < E-o < 10(16) eV) is studied in the electromagnetic and muon components of Extensive Air Showers by means of the EAS-TOP array. Independent and correlated analysis of the two measurements are presented as a function of zenith angle (i.e. atmospheric depth).

95. Unveiling an insidious diagnosis and its implications for clinical practice: Individual patient data systematic review of pregnancy-associated spontaneous coronary artery dissection.

Author

Milani M, Bertaina M, Ardissino M, Iannaccone M, Boccuzzi GG, Tavecchia G, Oliva F, and Sacco A

Abstract

Background: Pregnancy-Associated Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection (P-SCAD) is the most common cause of myocardial infarction in pregnancy and postpartum. Aim of this systematic review is to provide a descriptive picture of P-SCAD presentation, clinical course, management and outcomes., Methods: International databases were systematically screened up to November 2023 and all published P-SCAD case reports/series identified; additionally, we gathered four original cases, establishing a new database for the derived cohort., Results: 253 studies (215 case reports, 38 case series) were included for the analysis, enrolling 316 patients admitted between 1952 and 2023. Median age was 34 (SD 5) years old, 64 (20.4 %) were prepartum, 249 (79.6 %) postpartum. Most common presentation was ST-elevation myocardial infarction (72.6 %). Cardiac arrest and cardiogenic shock occurred in 18.4 % and 16.1 %, respectively. Multivessel dissection was present in 45.2 % of cases, with left anterior descending artery being most frequently affected (74.4 %). Initial therapeutic strategy was medical therapy in 54.8 % while upfront revascularization was performed in 45.2 % of cases. Excluding autoptic studies, mortality rate was 4.1 %, without significant differences between pre and postpartum SCAD (p-value 0.6) or according to initial therapeutic approach (p-value 0.5). Recurrences after index event were registered in 74 patients (23.4 %), being more common after medical treatment than in case of immediate revascularization (30.8 versus 18.3 %, p-value 0.02)., Conclusions: P-SCAD is a complex clinical scenario: timely diagnosis is difficult, therapeutic management not well-defined, rate of recurrences not negligible. Additional observational studies and dedicated registries are necessary to enhance the management of this rare but severe condition., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest None declared., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Published
2024
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96. Ventilation strategies in cardiogenic shock: Insights from the AltShock-2 registry.

Author

Sacco A, Montisci A, Tavecchia G, Frea S, Bernasconi D, Colombo CNJ, Bertolin S, Viola G, Villanova L, Briani M, Patrini L, Bocchino PP, Sorini Dini C, D'Ettore N, Bertaina M, Iannaccone M, Potena L, Bertoldi L, Valente S, Camporotondo R, Marini M, Pagnesi M, Metra M, De Ferrari G, Oliva F, Morici N, Pappalardo F, and Tavazzi G

Abstract

Aims: To describe the use and the relation to outcome of different ventilation strategies in a contemporary, large, prospective registry of cardiogenic shock patients., Methods and Results: Among 657 patients enrolled from March 2020 to November 2023, 198 (30.1%) received oxygen therapy (OT), 96 (14.6%) underwent non-invasive ventilation (NIV), and 363 (55.3%) underwent invasive mechanical ventilation (iMV). Patients in the iMV group were significantly younger compared to those in the NIV and OT groups (63 vs. 69 years, p < 0.001). There were no significant differences between groups regarding cardiovascular risk factors. Patients with SCAI B and C were more frequently treated with OT and NIV compared to iMV (65.1% and 65.4% vs. 42.6%, respectively, p > 0.001), while the opposite trend was observed in SCAI D patients (12% and 12.2% vs. 30.9%, respectively, p < 0.001). All-cause mortality at 24 h did not differ amongst the three groups. The 60-day mortality rates were 40.2% for the iMV group, 26% for the OT group, and 29.3% for the NIV group (p = 0.005), even after excluding patients with cardiac arrest at presentation. In the multivariate analysis including SCAI stages, NIV was not associated with worse mortality compared to iMV (hazard ratio 1.97, 95% confidence interval 0.85-4.56), even in more severe SCAI stages such as D., Conclusions: Compared to previous studies, we observed a rising trend in the utilization of NIV among cardiogenic shock patients, irrespective of aetiology and SCAI stages. In this clinical scenario, NIV emerges as a safe option for appropriately selected patients., (© 2024 The Author(s). European Journal of Heart Failure published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Society of Cardiology.)

Published
2024
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97. Transitioning to Palliative Care in an Italian Cardiac Intensive Care Unit Network.

Author

Sacco A, Pagnesi M, Frea S, Briani M, Dini CS, Bertaina M, Marini M, Trombara F, Villanova L, Ravera A, Tavazzi G, Pappalardo F, Morici N, and Potena L

Subjects
Humans, Palliative Care, Shock, Cardiogenic, Death, Intensive Care Units, Italy, Terminal Care methods, Defibrillators, Implantable, Heart Failure therapy
Abstract

Background: Recent data indicate that end-of-life management for patients affected by acute decompensated heart failure in cardiac intensive care units is aggressive, with late or no engagement of palliative care teams., Objective: To assess current palliative care and end-of-life practices in a contemporary Italian multicenter registry of patients with cardiogenic shock due to acute decompensated heart failure., Methods: A survey-based approach was used to collect data on palliative care and end-of-life management practices. The AltShock-2 registry enrolled patients with cardiogenic shock from 12 participating centers. A subset of 153 patients with cardiogenic shock due to acute decompensated heart failure enrolled between March 2020 and March 2023 was analyzed, with a focus on early engagement of palliative care teams and deactivation of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs)., Results: "Do not resuscitate" orders were documented in patient records in only 5 of 12 centers (42%). Palliative care teams were engaged for 21 of 153 enrolled patients (13.7%). Among the 51 patients with ICDs, 6 of 17 patients who died (35%) had defibrillator deactivation. Of the 17 patients who died, 13 died in the hospital and 4 died within 6 months after discharge; 1 patient had ICD deactivation supported by palliative care services at home., Conclusions: Therapy-limiting practices, including ICD deactivation, are not routine in the Italian centers participating in this study. The results emphasize the importance of integrating palliative care as a simultaneous process with intensive care to address the unmet needs of these patients and their families., (©2024 American Association of Critical-Care Nurses.)

Published
2024
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98. Differences between cardiogenic shock related to acute decompensated heart failure and acute myocardial infarction.

Author

Bertaina M, Morici N, Frea S, Garatti L, Briani M, Sorini C, Villanova L, Corrada E, Sacco A, Moltrasio M, Ravera A, Tedeschi M, Bertoldi L, Lettino M, Saia F, Corsini A, Camporotondo R, Colombo CNJ, Bertolin S, Rota M, Oliva F, Iannaccone M, Valente S, Pagnesi M, Metra M, Sionis A, Marini M, De Ferrari GM, Kapur NK, Pappalardo F, and Tavazzi G

Subjects
Humans, Shock, Cardiogenic etiology, Shock, Cardiogenic therapy, Prospective Studies, Myocardial Infarction therapy, Heart Failure complications, Heart Failure therapy, ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction complications
Abstract

Aims: The present analysis from the multicentre prospective Altshock-2 registry aims to better define clinical features, in-hospital course, and management of cardiogenic shock complicating acutely decompensated heart failure (ADHF-CS) as compared with that complicating acute myocardial infarction (AMI-CS)., Methods and Results: All patients with AMI-CS or ADHF-CS enrolled in the Altshock-2 registry between March 2020 and February 2022 were selected. The primary objective was the characterization of ADHF-CS patients as compared with AMI-CS. In-hospital length of stay and mortality were secondary endpoints. One-hundred-ninety of the 238 CS patients enrolled in the aforementioned period were considered for the present analysis: 101 AMI-CS (80% ST-elevated myocardial infarction and 20% non-ST-elevated myocardial infarction) and 89 ADHF-CS. As compared with AMI-CS, ADHF-CS patients were younger [63 (IQR 59-76) vs. 67 (IQR 54-73) years, P = 0.01], but presented with higher creatinine [1.6 (IQR 1.0-2.6) vs. 1.2 (IQR 1.0-1.4) mg/dL, P < 0.001], bilirubin [1.3 (IQR 0.9-2.3) vs. 0.6 (IQR 0.4-1.1) mg/dL, P = 0.01], and central venous pressure values [14 mmHg (IQR 8-12) vs. 10 mmHg (IQR 7-14),P = 0.01]. Norepinephrine was the most common catecholamine used in AMI-CS (79.3%), whereas epinephrine was used more commonly in ADHF-CS (65.5%); 75.8% vs. 46.6% received a temporary mechanical support in AMI-CS and ADHF-CS, respectively (P < 0.001). Length of hospital stay was longer in the latter [28 (IQR 13-48) vs. 17 (IQR 9-29) days, P = 0.001]. Heart replacement therapies were more frequently used in the ADHF-CS group (heart transplantation 13.5% vs. 0% and left ventricular assist device 11% vs. 2%, P < 0.01 and 0.01, respectively). In-hospital mortality was 41.1% (38.6% AMI-CS vs. 43.8% ADHF-CS, P = 0.5)., Conclusions: ADHF-CS is characterized by a higher prevalence of end-organ and biventricular dysfunction at presentation, a longer hospital length of stay, and higher need of heart replacement therapies when compared with AMI-CS. In-hospital mortality was similar between the two aetiologies. Our data warrant development of new management protocols focused on CS aetiology., (© 2023 The Authors. ESC Heart Failure published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Society of Cardiology.)

Published
2023
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99. Safety and efficacy of bempedoic acid: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Author

De Filippo O, D'Ascenzo F, Iannaccone M, Bertaina M, Leone A, Borzillo I, Ravetti E, Solano A, Pagliassotto I, Nebiolo M, Bruno F, Giacobbe F, Muscoli S, Monticone S, Brizzi MF, Biondi Zoccai G, and De Ferrari GM

Subjects
Humans, Cholesterol, LDL, Cholesterol, Treatment Outcome, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors adverse effects, Myocardial Infarction diagnosis, Myocardial Infarction drug therapy, Gout chemically induced, Gout drug therapy
Abstract

Background and Aims: Bempedoic Acid (BA) is a novel Lipid-Lowering Therapy (LLT). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of BA in patients with hypercholesterolemia., Methods: PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane library databases were searched for randomised controlled trials evaluating the efficacy and/or safety of BA compared with placebo. Trials investigating dosages other than 180 mg/die were excluded. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were the primary efficacy endpoint. LDL-cholesterol reduction was the primary laboratory endpoint. Pre-specified safety endpoints included muscle-related adverse events, new-onset diabetes, and gout. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO (temporary ID:399,867)., Results: Study search identified 275 deduplicated results. 11 studies, encompassing 18,315 patients (9854 on BA vs 8461 on placebo/no treatment) were included. BA was associated with a reduced risk of MACE (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.79-0.95), myocardial infarction (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.64-0.88) and unstable angina (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.54-0.88) compared to control, over a median follow up of 87 (15-162) weeks. BA was associated with a reduction of LDL-Cholesterol (mean difference [MD]-22.42,95% CI - 24.02% to - 20.82%), total cholesterol (- 16.50%,95% - 19.21% to - 13.79%), Apo-B lipoprotein (- 19.55%, - 22.68% to - 16.42%) and high-sensitivity CRP (- 27.83%, - 31.71% to - 23.96%) at 12 weeks. BA was associated with a higher risk of gout (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.27-1.90) as compared with placebo. Efficacy on laboratory endpoints was confirmed, with a variable extent, across patients on statin or ezetimibe background therapy., Conclusions: The improved cholesterol control achieved with BA translates into a reduced risk of MACE, including myocardial infarction and coronary revascularisation. The drug has a satisfactory safety profile except for an increased risk of gout., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Published
2023
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